[gnu-emacs-elpa] / packages / auctex / doc / install.texi

@c This is part of the AUCTeX Manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1994, 1996, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
@c   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See the file auctex.texi for copying conditions.
@ifset rawfile
@include macros.texi
@node Installation,,(dir),(dir)
@top Installing @AUCTeX{}
@end ifset

@ifclear rawfile
@node Installation
@chapter Installing @AUCTeX{}
@end ifclear

Installing @AUCTeX{} should be simple: merely @command{./configure},
@command{make}, and @code{make install} for a standard site-wide
installation (most other installations can be done by specifying a
@option{--prefix=@dots{}} option).

On many systems, this will already activate the package, making its
modes the default instead of the built-in modes of Emacs.  If this is
not the case, consult @ref{Loading the package}.  Please read through
this document fully before installing anything.  The installation
procedure has changed as compared to earlier versions.  Users of @w{MS
Windows} are asked to consult
@ifset rawfile
the file @file{INSTALL.windows}.
@end ifset
@ifclear rawfile
@xref{Installation under MS Windows}.
@end ifclear

@ifclear rawfile
@menu
* Prerequisites::
* Configure::
* Build/install::
* Loading the package::
* Advice for package providers::
* Advice for non-privileged users::
* Installation under MS Windows::
* Customizing::
@end menu
@end ifclear

@ifset rawfile
@menu
* Prerequisites::
* Configure::
* Build/install::
* Loading the package::
* Advice for package providers::
* Advice for non-privileged users::
* Customizing::
@end menu
@end ifset

@ifset rawfile
@node Prerequisites
@chapter Prerequisites
@raisesections
@end ifset

@ifclear rawfile
@node Prerequisites
@section Prerequisites
@end ifclear

@itemize @bullet
@item A recent version of Emacs, alternatively XEmacs

@w{Emacs 20} is no longer supported, and neither is XEmacs with a
version of @code{xemacs-base} older than 1.84 (released in sumo from
02/02/2004).  Using @previewlatex{} requires a version of Emacs compiled
with image support.  While the X11 version of @w{Emacs 21} will likely
work, @w{Emacs 22} and later is the preferred platform.

@table @b
@item Windows
Precompiled versions are available from
@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/emacs/windows/}.
@item Mac OS X
For an overview of precompiled versions of Emacs for Mac OS X see for
example @uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/EmacsForMacOS}.
@item GNU/Linux
Most GNU/Linux distributions nowadays provide a variant of Emacs 22 or
later via their package repositories.
@item Self-compiled
Compiling Emacs yourself requires a C compiler and a number of tools and
development libraries.  Details are beyond the scope of this manual.
Instructions for checking out the source code can be found at
@uref{https://savannah.gnu.org/bzr/?group=emacs}.
@end table

If you really need to use @w{Emacs 21} on platforms where this implies
missing image support, you should disable the installation of
@previewlatex{} (see below).

While XEmacs (version 21.4.15, 21.4.17 or later) is supported, doing
this in a satisfactory manner has proven to be difficult.  This is
mostly due to technical shortcomings and differing API's which are hard
to come by.  If @AUCTeX{} is your main application for XEmacs, you are
likely to get better results and support by switching to Emacs.  Of
course, you can improve support for your favorite editor by giving
feedback in case you encounter bugs.

@item A working @TeX{} installation

Well, @AUCTeX{} would be pointless without that.  Processing
documentation requires @TeX{}, @LaTeX{} and Texinfo during installation.
@previewlatex{} requires Dvips for its operation in @acronym{DVI} mode.
The default configuration of @AUCTeX{} is tailored for te@TeX{} or
@TeX{}live-based distributions, but can be adapted easily.

@item A recent Ghostscript

This is needed for operation of @previewlatex{} in both @acronym{DVI}
and @acronym{PDF} mode.  Most versions of Ghostscript nowadays in use
should work fine (version 7.0 and newer).  If you encounter problems,
check
@ifset rawfile
the @file{PROBLEMS} file.
@end ifset
@ifclear rawfile
@ref{Problems with Ghostscript,,,preview-latex,the @previewlatex{} manual}.
@end ifclear

@item The @code{texinfo} package

Strictly speaking, you can get away without it if you are building
from the distribution tarball, have not modified any files and don't
need a printed version of the manual: the pregenerated info file is
included in the tarball.  At least @w{version 4.0} is required.

@end itemize

For some known issues with various software, see
@ifset rawfile
the @file{PROBLEMS} file.
@end ifset
@ifclear rawfile
@ref{Known problems,,,preview-latex,the @previewlatex{} manual}.
@end ifclear

@node Configure
@section Configure

The first step is to configure the source code, telling it where
various files will be.  To do so, run

@example
./configure @var{options}
@end example

(Note: if you have fetched @AUCTeX{} from @acronym{CVS} rather than
a regular release, you will have to first follow the instructions in
@file{README.CVS}).

On many machines, you will not need to specify any options, but if
@command{configure} cannot determine something on its own, you'll need to
help it out with one of these options:

@table @code
@item --prefix=@file{/usr/local}
All automatic placements for package components will be chosen from
sensible existing hierarchies below this: directories like @file{man},
@file{share} and @file{bin} are supposed to be directly below
@var{prefix}.

Only if no workable placement can be found there, in some cases an
alternative search will be made in a prefix deduced from a suitable
binary.

@file{/usr/local} is the default @var{prefix}, intended to be suitable
for a site-wide installation.  If you are packaging this as an
operating system component for distribution, the setting @file{/usr}
will probably be the right choice.  If you are planning to install the
package as a single non-priviledged user, you will typically set
@var{prefix} to your home directory.

@item --with-emacs[=@var{/path/to/emacs}]
If you are using a pretest which isn't in your @code{$PATH}, or
@command{configure} is not finding the right Emacs executable, you can
specify it with this option.

@item --with-xemacs[=@var{/path/to/xemacs}]
Configure for generation under XEmacs (Emacs is the default).  Again,
the name of the right XEmacs executable can be specified, complete with
path if necessary.

@item --with-packagedir=@var{/dir}
This XEmacs-only option configures the directory for XEmacs packages.  A
typical user-local setting would be @file{~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages}.
If this directory exists and is below @var{prefix}, it should be
detected automatically.  This will install and activate the package.

@item --without-packagedir
This XEmacs-only option switches the detection of a package directory
and corresponding installation off.  Consequently, the Emacs
installation scheme will be used.  This might be appropriate if you are
using a different package system/installer than the XEmacs one and want
to avoid conflicts.

The Emacs installation scheme has the following options:

@item --with-lispdir=@var{/dir}
This Emacs-only option specifies the location of the @file{site-lisp}
directory within @samp{load-path} under which the files will get
installed (the bulk will get installed in a subdirectory).
@file{./configure} should figure this out by itself.

@item --with-auctexstartfile=@file{auctex.el}
@itemx --with-previewstartfile=@file{preview-latex.el}
This is the name of the respective startup files.  If @var{lispdir}
contains a subdirectory @file{site-start.d}, the start files are
placed there, and @file{site-start.el} should
load them automatically.  Please be aware that you must not move the
start files after installation since other files are found
@emph{relative} to them.

@item --with-packagelispdir=@file{auctex}
This is the directory where the bulk of the package gets located.  The
startfile adds this into @var{load-path}.

@item --with-auto-dir=@var{/dir}
You can use this option to specify the directory containing
automatically generated information.  It is not necessary for most
@TeX{} installs, but may be used if you don't like the directory that
configure is suggesting.

@item --help
This is not an option specific to @AUCTeX{}. A number of standard
options to @command{configure} exist, and we do not have the room to
describe them here; a short description of each is available, using
@code{--help}.  If you use @samp{--help=recursive}, then also
@previewlatex{}-specific options will get listed.

@item --disable-preview
This disables configuration and installation of @previewlatex{}.  This
option is not actually recommended.  If your Emacs does not support
images, you should really upgrade to a newer version.  Distributors
should, if possible, refrain from distributing @AUCTeX{} and
@previewlatex{} separately in order to avoid confusion and upgrade
hassles if users install partial packages on their own.

@item --with-texmf-dir=@var{/dir}@*--without-texmf-dir
@cindex preview-install-styles
This option is used for specifying a @acronym{TDS}-compliant directory
hierarchy.  Using @code{--with-texmf-dir=@var{/dir}} you can specify
where the @TeX{} @acronym{TDS} directory hierarchy resides, and the
@TeX{} files will get installed in
@file{@var{/dir}/tex/latex/preview/}.

If you use the @code{--without-texmf-dir} option, the @TeX{}-related
files will be kept in the Emacs Lisp tree, and at runtime the
@env{TEXINPUTS} environment variable will be made to point there.  You
can install those files into your own @TeX{} tree at some later time
with @kbd{M-x preview-install-styles RET}.

@item --with-tex-dir=@var{/dir}
If you want to specify an exact directory for the preview @TeX{} files,
use @code{--with-tex-dir=@var{/dir}}. In this case, the files will be
placed in @file{@var{/dir}}, and you'll also need the following option:

@item --with-doc-dir=@var{/dir}
This option may be used to specify where the @TeX{} documentation goes.
It is to be used when you are using @code{--with-tex-dir=@var{/dir}},
but is normally not necessary otherwise.
@end table

@node Build/install
@section Build/install

@cindex Installation
@cindex Make

Once @command{configure} has been run, simply enter

@example
make
@end example

@noindent
at the prompt to byte-compile the lisp files, extract the @TeX{} files
and build the documentation files.  To install the files into the
locations chosen earlier, type

@example
make install
@end example

You may need special privileges to install, e.g., if you are installing
into system directories.

@node Loading the package
@section Loading the package
@cindex @file{.emacs}

You can detect the successful activation of @AUCTeX{} and
@previewlatex{} in the menus after loading a @LaTeX{} file like
@file{preview/circ.tex}: @AUCTeX{} then gives you a @samp{Command} menu,
and @previewlatex{} gives you a @samp{Preview} menu.

For XEmacs, if the installation occured into a valid package directory
(which is the default), then this should work out of the box.

@cindex @file{auctex.el}
@cindex @file{tex-site.el}
With Emacs (or if you explicitly disabled use of the package system),
the startup files @file{auctex.el} and @file{preview-latex.el} may
already be in a directory of the @file{site-start.d/} variety if your
Emacs installation provides it.  In that case they should be
automatically loaded on startup and nothing else needs to be done.  If
not, they should at least have been placed somewhere in your
@code{load-path}.  You can then load them by placing the lines

@example
(load "auctex.el" nil t t)
(load "preview-latex.el" nil t t)
@end example

into your init file.

If you explicitly used @code{--with-lispdir}, you may need to add the
specified directory into Emacs' @code{load-path} variable by adding
something like

@example
(add-to-list 'load-path "~/elisp")
@end example

before the above lines into your Emacs startup file.

For site-wide activation in GNU Emacs, see
@ifset rawfile
below.
@end ifset
@ifclear rawfile
@xref{Advice for package providers}.
@end ifclear

Once activated, the modes provided by @AUCTeX{} are used per default for
all supported file types.  If you want to change the modes for which it
is operative instead of the default, use
@example
@kbd{M-x customize-variable @key{RET} TeX-modes @key{RET}}
@end example

If you want to remove a preinstalled @AUCTeX{} completely before any of
its modes have been used,
@example
(unload-feature 'tex-site)
@end example
should accomplish that.

@node Advice for package providers
@section Providing @AUCTeX{} as a package

As a package provider, you should make sure that your users will be
served best according to their intentions, and keep in mind that a
system might be used by more than one user, with different
preferences.

There are people that prefer the built-in Emacs modes for editing
@TeX{} files, in particular plain @TeX{} users.  There are various
ways to tell @AUCTeX{} even after auto-activation that it should
not get used, and they are described in
@ifset rawfile
the @file{README} file.
@end ifset
@ifclear rawfile
@ref{Introduction,,Introduction to @AUCTeX{}}.
@end ifclear

So if you have users that don't want to use the preinstalled @AUCTeX{},
they can easily get rid of it.  Activating @AUCTeX{} by default is
therefore a good choice.

If the installation procedure did not achieve this already by placing
@file{auctex.el} and @file{preview-latex.el} into a possibly existing
@file{site-start.d} directory, you can do this by placing

@example
(load "auctex.el" nil t t)
(load "preview-latex.el" nil t t)
@end example

@noindent in the system-wide @file{site-start.el}.

If your package is intended as an XEmacs package or to accompany a
precompiled version of Emacs, you might not know which @TeX{} system
will be available when @previewlatex{} gets used.  In this case you
should build using the @code{--without-texmf-dir} option described
previously.  This can also be convenient for systems that are intended
to support more than a single TeX distribution.  Since more often than
not @TeX{} packages for operating system distributions are either much
more outdated or much less complete than separately provided systems
like @w{@TeX{} Live}, this method may be generally preferable when
providing packages.

The following package structure would be adequate for a typical fully
supported Unix-like installation:

@table @samp
@item preview-tetex
Style files and documentation for @file{preview.sty}, placed into a
@TeX{} tree where it is accessible from the te@TeX{} executables usually
delivered with a system.  If there are other commonly used @TeX{} system
packages, it might be appropriate to provide separate packages for
those.
@item auctex-emacs-tetex
This package will require the installation of @samp{preview-tetex} and
will record in @samp{TeX-macro-global} where to find the @TeX{} tree.
It is also a good idea to run
@example
emacs -batch -f TeX-auto-generate-global
@end example
when either @AUCTeX{} or te@TeX{} get installed or upgraded.  If your
users might want to work with a different @TeX{} distribution (nowadays
pretty common), instead consider the following:
@item auctex-emacs
This package will be compiled with @samp{--without-texmf-dir} and will
consequently contain the @samp{preview} style files in its private
directory.  It will probably not be possible to initialize
@samp{TeX-macro-global} to a sensible value, so running
@samp{TeX-auto-generate-global} does not appear useful.  This package
would neither conflict with nor provide @samp{preview-tetex}.
@item auctex-xemacs-tetex
@itemx auctex-xemacs
Those are the obvious XEmacs equivalents.  For XEmacs, there is the
additional problem that the XEmacs sumo package tree already possibly
provides its own version of @AUCTeX{}, and the user might even have used
the XEmacs package manager to updating this package, or even installing
a private @AUCTeX{} version.  So you should make sure that such a
package will not conflict with existing XEmacs packages and will be
at an appropriate place in the load order (after site-wide and
user-specific locations, but before a distribution-specific sumo package
tree).  Using the @code{--without-packagedir} option might be one idea
to avoid conflicts.  Another might be to refrain from providing an
XEmacs package and just rely on the user or system administrator to
instead use the XEmacs package system.
@end table

@node Advice for non-privileged users
@section Installation for non-privileged users

Often people without system administration privileges want to install
software for their private use.  In that case you need to pass more
options to the @command{configure} script.  For XEmacs users, this is
fairly easy, because the XEmacs package system has been designed to make
this sort of thing practical: but GNU Emacs users (and XEmacs users for
whom the package system is for some reason misbehaving) may need to do a
little more work.

The main expedient is using the @option{--prefix} option to the
@file{configure} script, and let it point to the personal home
directory.  In that way, resulting binaries will be installed under the
@file{bin} subdirectory of your home directory, manual pages under
@file{man} and so on.  It is reasonably easy to maintain a bunch of
personal software, since the prefix argument is supported by most
@file{configure} scripts.

You'll have to add something like
@file{/home/myself/share/emacs/site-lisp} to your @code{load-path}
variable, if it isn't there already.

XEmacs users can achieve the same end by pointing @command{configure} at an
appropriate package directory (normally
@option{--with-packagedir=~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages} will serve).  The
package directory stands a good chance at being detected automatically
as long as it is in a subtree of the specified @var{prefix}.

Now here is another thing to ponder: perhaps you want to make it easy
for other users to share parts of your personal Emacs configuration.  In
general, you can do this by writing @samp{~myself/} anywhere where you
specify paths to something installed in your personal subdirectories,
not merely @samp{~/}, since the latter, when used by other users, will
point to non-existent files.

For yourself, it will do to manipulate environment variables in your
@file{.profile} resp.@: @file{.login} files.  But if people will be
copying just Elisp files, their copies will not work.  While it would
in general be preferable if the added components where available from
a shell level, too (like when you call the standalone info reader, or
try using @file{preview.sty} for functionality besides of Emacs
previews), it will be a big help already if things work from inside
of Emacs.

Here is how to do the various parts:

@subheading Making the Elisp available

In GNU Emacs, it should be sufficient if people just do

@lisp
(load "~myself/share/emacs/site-lisp/auctex.el" nil t t)
(load "~myself/share/emacs/site-lisp/preview-latex.el" nil t t)
@end lisp

where the path points to your personal installation.  The rest of the
package should be found relative from there without further ado.

In XEmacs, you should ask the other users to add symbolic links in the
subdirectories @file{lisp}, @file{info} and @file{etc} of their
@file{~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages/} directory.  (Alas, there is presently
no easy programmatic way to do this, except to have a script do the
symlinking for them.)

@subheading Making the Info files available

For making the info files accessible from within Elisp, something like
the following might be convenient to add into your or other people's
startup files:

@lisp
(eval-after-load 'info
   '(add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "~myself/info"))
@end lisp

In XEmacs, as long as XEmacs can see the package, there should be no
need to do anything at all; the info files should be immediately
visible.  However, you might want to set @env{INFOPATH} anyway, for the
sake of standalone readers outside of XEmacs. (The info files in XEmacs
are normally in @file{~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages/info}.)

@subheading Making the @LaTeX{} style available

If you want others to be able to share your installation, you should
configure it using @samp{--without-texmf-dir}, in which case things
should work as well for them as for you.

@ifclear rawfile
@node Installation under MS Windows
@section Installation under MS Windows
@include wininstall.texi
@end ifclear

@node Customizing
@section Customizing
@cindex Site initialization
@cindex Initialization
@cindex @file{tex-site.el}
@cindex Personal customization
@cindex Site customization
@cindex Customization
@cindex Customization, personal
@cindex Customization, site
Most of the site-specific customization should already have happened
during configuration of @AUCTeX{}.  Any further customization can be
done with customization buffers directly in Emacs.  Just type @kbd{M-x
customize-group RET AUCTeX RET} to open the customization group for
@AUCTeX{} or use the menu entries provided in the mode menus.  Editing
the file @file{tex-site.el} as suggested in former versions of @AUCTeX{}
should not be done anymore because the installation routine will
overwrite those changes.

You might check some variables with a special significance.  They are
accessible directly by typing @kbd{M-x customize-variable RET <variable>
RET}.

@defopt TeX-macro-global
Directories containing the site's @TeX{} style files.
@end defopt

Normally, @AUCTeX{} will only allow you to complete macros and
environments which are built-in, specified in @AUCTeX{} style files or
defined by yourself.  If you issue the @kbd{M-x
TeX-auto-generate-global} command after loading @AUCTeX{}, you will be
able to complete on all macros available in the standard style files
used by your document.  To do this, you must set this variable to a list
of directories where the standard style files are located.  The
directories will be searched recursively, so there is no reason to list
subdirectories explicitly.  Automatic configuration will already have
set the variable for you if it could use the program @samp{kpsewhich}.
In this case you normally don't have to alter anything.