@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Basic, Minibuffer, Exiting, Top
@chapter Basic Editing Commands
with text-only terminals, you will need to tell Emacs which key to use
for that purpose. If the large key not far above the @key{RET} or
@key{ENTER} key doesn't delete backwards, you need to do this.
-@xref{DEL Gets Help}, for an explanation of how.
+@xref{DEL Does Not Delete}, for an explanation of how.
Most PC keyboards have both a @key{BACKSPACE} key a short ways above
@key{RET} or @key{ENTER}, and a @key{DELETE} key elsewhere. On these
Consecutive repetitions of @kbd{C-_} or @kbd{C-x u} undo earlier and
earlier changes, back to the limit of the undo information available.
If all recorded changes have already been undone, the undo command
-prints an error message and does nothing.
+displays an error message and does nothing.
Any command other than an undo command breaks the sequence of undo
commands. Starting from that moment, the previous undo commands become
Here are special commands and techniques for putting in and taking out
blank lines.
-@c widecommands
@table @kbd
@item C-o
Insert one or more blank lines after the cursor (@code{open-line}).
@cindex continuation line
@cindex wrapping
@cindex line wrapping
+@cindex fringes, and continuation lines
If you add too many characters to one line without breaking it with
@key{RET}, the line grows to occupy two (or more) lines on the screen.
On graphical displays, Emacs indicates line wrapping with small bent
@vindex truncate-lines
@cindex truncation
+@cindex line truncation, and fringes
As an alternative to continuation, Emacs can display long lines by
@dfn{truncation}. This means that all the characters that do not fit
in the width of the screen or window do not appear at all. They
Display the character code of character after point, character position of
point, and column of point (@code{what-cursor-position}).
@item M-x hl-line-mode
-Enable or disable highlighting of the current line.
+Enable or disable highlighting of the current line. @xref{Cursor
+Display}.
@end table
@findex what-page
region and the line number relative to the whole buffer.
@kbd{M-x what-page} counts pages from the beginning of the file, and
-counts lines within the page, printing both numbers. @xref{Pages}.
+counts lines within the page, showing both numbers in the echo area.
+@xref{Pages}.
@kindex M-=
@findex count-lines-region
While on this subject, we might as well mention @kbd{M-=} (@code{count-lines-region}),
-which prints the number of lines in the region (@pxref{Mark}).
+which displays the number of lines in the region (@pxref{Mark}).
@xref{Pages}, for the command @kbd{C-x l} which counts the lines in the
current page.
@kindex C-x =
@findex what-cursor-position
- The command @kbd{C-x =} (@code{what-cursor-position}) can be used to find out
-the column that the cursor is in, and other miscellaneous information about
-point. It prints a line in the echo area that looks like this:
+ The command @kbd{C-x =} (@code{what-cursor-position}) shows what
+column the cursor is in, and other miscellaneous information about
+point and the character after it. It displays a line in the echo area
+that looks like this:
@smallexample
Char: c (0143, 99, 0x63) point=21044 of 26883(78%) column 53
columns from the left edge of the window.
If the buffer has been narrowed, making some of the text at the
-beginning and the end temporarily inaccessible, @kbd{C-x =} prints
+beginning and the end temporarily inaccessible, @kbd{C-x =} displays
additional text describing the currently accessible range. For example, it
might display this:
point. The output might look like this:
@smallexample
-point=26957 of 26956(100%) column 0
+point=26957 of 26956(100%) column 0
@end smallexample
- @w{@kbd{C-u C-x =}} displays additional information about a character,
-in place of the buffer coordinates and column: the character set name
-and the codes that identify the character within that character set;
-ASCII characters are identified as belonging to the @code{ASCII}
-character set. In addition, the full character encoding, even if it
-takes more than a single byte, is shown after @samp{ext}. Here's an
-example for a Latin-1 character A with a grave accent in a buffer whose
-coding system is iso-2022-7bit@footnote{On terminals that support
-Latin-1 characters, the character shown after @samp{Char:} is displayed
-as the actual glyph of A with grave accent.}:
+@cindex character set of character at point
+@cindex font of character at point
+@cindex text properties at point
+ @w{@kbd{C-u C-x =}} displays additional information about a
+character, including the character set name and the codes that
+identify the character within that character set; ASCII characters are
+identified as belonging to the @code{ascii} character set. It also
+shows the character's syntax, categories, and encodings both
+internally in the buffer and externally if you save the file. It also
+shows the character's text properties (@pxref{Text Properties,,,
+elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}), and any overlays containing it
+(@pxref{Overlays,,, elisp, the same manual}).
+
+ Here's an example showing the Latin-1 character A with grave accent,
+in a buffer whose coding system is @code{iso-2022-7bit}, whose
+terminal coding system is @code{iso-latin-1} (so the terminal actually
+displays the character as @samp{@`A}), and which has font-lock-mode
+(@pxref{Font Lock}) enabled:
@smallexample
-Char: @`A (04300, 2240, 0x8c0, ext ESC , A @@) (latin-iso8859-1 64)
+ character: @`A (04300, 2240, 0x8c0)
+ charset: latin-iso8859-1
+ (Right-Hand Part of Latin Alphabet 1@dots{}
+ code point: 64
+ syntax: w which means: word
+ category: l:Latin
+ buffer code: 0x81 0xC0
+ file code: ESC 2C 41 40 (encoded by coding system iso-2022-7bit)
+terminal code: C0
+
+Text properties
+ font-lock-face: font-lock-variable-name-face
+ fontified: t
@end smallexample
@node Arguments
If your terminal keyboard has a @key{META} key, the easiest way to
specify a numeric argument is to type digits and/or a minus sign while
holding down the @key{META} key. For example,
+
@example
M-5 C-n
@end example
+
@noindent
would move down five lines. The characters @kbd{Meta-1}, @kbd{Meta-2},
and so on, as well as @kbd{Meta--}, do this because they are keys bound
to commands (@code{digit-argument} and @code{negative-argument}) that
-are defined to contribute to an argument for the next command. Digits
-and @kbd{-} modified with Control, or Control and Meta, also specify
-numeric arguments.
+are defined to contribute to an argument for the next command.
+@kbd{Meta--} without digits normally means @minus{}1. Digits and
+@kbd{-} modified with Control, or Control and Meta, also specify numeric
+arguments.
@kindex C-u
@findex universal-argument
@section Repeating a Command
@cindex repeating a command
+ Many simple commands, such as those invoked with a single key or
+with @kbd{M-x @var{command-name} @key{RET}}, can be repeated by
+invoking them with a numeric argument that serves as a repeat count
+(@pxref{Arguments}). However, if the command you want to repeat
+prompts for some input, or uses a numeric argument in another way,
+repetition using a numeric argument might be problematical.
+
@kindex C-x z
@findex repeat
The command @kbd{C-x z} (@code{repeat}) provides another way to repeat