@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2001,03,2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Command Arguments, X Resources, Service, Top
+@node Command Arguments, X Resources, GNU Free Documentation License, Top
@appendix Command Line Arguments
@cindex command line arguments
@cindex arguments (command line)
@cindex initial options (command line)
@cindex action options (command line)
+@vindex command-line-args
Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for
the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options
specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or
terminate Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file
names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all
-the action arguments in the order they are written.
+the action arguments in the order they are written. The @file{.emacs} file
+can access the values of the action arguments as the elements of a list in
+the variable @code{command-line-args}.
+
+
@menu
-* Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
- and call functions.
+* Action Arguments:: Arguments to visit files, load libraries,
+ and call functions.
* Initial Options:: Arguments that take effect while starting Emacs.
* Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments.
-* Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
+* Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
* Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
-
* Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login.
-* Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
-* Colors X:: Choosing colors, under X.
+* Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
+* Colors:: Choosing display colors.
* Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X.
-* Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X.
+* Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X.
* Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title.
* Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
-* Resources X:: Advanced use of classes and resources, under X.
-* Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus.
-* LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
+* Misc X:: Other display options.
@end menu
@node Action Arguments
@table @samp
@item @var{file}
-@opindex --visit
-@itemx --visit=@var{file}
@opindex --file
@itemx --file=@var{file}
+@opindex --find-file
+@itemx --find-file=@var{file}
+@opindex --visit
+@itemx --visit=@var{file}
@cindex visiting files, command-line argument
+@vindex inhibit-startup-buffer-menu
Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}.
+If you visit several files at startup in this way, Emacs
+also displays a Buffer Menu buffer to show you what files it
+has visited. You can inhibit that by setting @code{inhibit-startup-buffer-menu} to @code{t}.
@item +@var{linenum} @var{file}
@opindex +@var{linenum}
directory, or in the Emacs library search path as specified
with @env{EMACSLOADPATH} (@pxref{General Variables}).
+@item -L @var{dir}
+@opindex -L
+@itemx --directory=@var{dir}
+@opindex --directory
+Add directory @var{dir} to the variable @code{load-path}.
+
@item -f @var{function}
@opindex -f
@itemx --funcall=@var{function}
@opindex --funcall
@cindex call Lisp functions, command-line argument
-Call Lisp function @var{function} with no arguments.
+Call Lisp function @var{function}. If it is an interactive function
+(a command), it reads the arguments interactively just as if you had
+called the same function with a key sequence. Otherwise, it calls the
+function with no arguments.
@item --eval=@var{expression}
@opindex --eval
@item --kill
@opindex --kill
Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation.
-@end table
-@vindex command-line-args
- The init file can access the values of the action arguments as the
-elements of a list in the variable @code{command-line-args}. The init
-file can override the normal processing of the action arguments, or
-define new ones, by reading and setting this variable.
+@item --help
+@opindex --help
+Print a usage message listing all available options, then exit
+successfully.
+
+@item --version
+@opindex --version
+Print Emacs version, then exit successfully.
+@end table
@node Initial Options
@appendixsec Initial Options
@opindex --terminal
@cindex device for Emacs terminal I/O
Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output.
+@samp{--terminal} implies @samp{--no-window-system}.
@item -d @var{display}
@opindex -d
@opindex --no-window-system
@cindex disable window system
Don't communicate directly with the window system, disregarding the
-@env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This forces Emacs
-to run as if the display were a text-only terminal.
+@env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This means that
+Emacs uses the terminal from which it was launched for all its display
+and input.
@need 3000
@cindex batch mode
or @samp{-f} option will be used as well, to invoke a Lisp program
to do the batch processing.
-@samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also
+@samp{--batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also
causes Emacs to exit after processing all the command options. In
addition, it disables auto-saving except in buffers for which it has
been explicitly requested.
+@item --script @var{file}
+@opindex --script
+@cindex script mode
+Run Emacs in batch mode, like @samp{--batch}, and then read and
+execute the Lisp code in @var{file}.
+
+The normal use of this option is in executable script files that run
+Emacs. They can start with this text on the first line
+
+@example
+#!/usr/bin/emacs --script
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+which will invoke Emacs with @samp{--script} and supply the name of
+the script file as @var{file}. Emacs Lisp then treats @samp{#!} as a
+comment delimiter.
+
@item -q
@opindex -q
@itemx --no-init-file
@opindex --no-init-file
-@cindex bypassing init and site-start file
+@cindex bypassing init and @file{default.el} file
@cindex init file, not loading
@cindex @file{default.el} file, not loading
Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}, or @file{default.el}
-either. When invoked like this, Emacs does not allow saving options
+either. Regardless of this switch, @file{site-start.el} is still loaded.
+When invoked like this, Emacs does not allow saving options
changed with the @kbd{M-x customize} command and its variants.
@xref{Easy Customization}.
@opindex --no-site-file
@cindex @file{site-start.el} file, not loading
Do not load @file{site-start.el}. The options @samp{-q}, @samp{-u}
-and @samp{-batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this is
+and @samp{--batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this is
the only option that blocks it.
+@item -Q
+@opindex -Q
+Start emacs with minimum customizations and window decorations.
+This is like using @samp{-q} and @samp{--no-site-file}, but in
+addition it also disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars,
+tool tips, the blinking cursor, and the fancy startup screen.
+
+@item --no-splash
+@opindex --no-splash
+@vindex inhibit-startup-message
+Do not display a splash screen on startup; this is equivalent to
+setting the variable @code{inhibit-startup-message} to non-@code{nil}.
+
+@item --no-desktop
+@opindex --no-desktop
+Do not reload any saved desktop. @xref{Saving Emacs Sessions}.
+
@item -u @var{user}
@opindex -u
@itemx --user=@var{user}
@item --unibyte
@opindex --unibyte
+@itemx --no-multibyte
+@opindex --no-multibyte
@cindex unibyte operation, command-line argument
Do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings.
All buffers and strings are unibyte unless you (or a Lisp program)
@item --multibyte
@opindex --multibyte
+@itemx --no-unibyte
+@opindex --no-unibyte
Inhibit the effect of @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE}, so that Emacs
uses multibyte characters by default, as usual.
@end table
This says to visit @file{foo.c}, load @file{hack-c.el} (which makes
changes in the visited file), save @file{foo.c} (note that
@code{save-buffer} is the function that @kbd{C-x C-s} is bound to), and
-then exit back to the shell (because of @samp{-batch}). @samp{-batch}
+then exit back to the shell (because of @samp{--batch}). @samp{--batch}
also guarantees there will be no problem redirecting output to
@file{log}, because Emacs will not assume that it has a display terminal
to work with.
@findex getenv
Inside Emacs, the command @kbd{M-x getenv} gets the value of an
environment variable. @kbd{M-x setenv} sets a variable in the Emacs
-environment. The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs
-depends on the operating system, and especially the shell that you are
-using. For example, here's how to set the environment variable
-@env{ORGANIZATION} to @samp{not very much} using Bash:
+environment. (Environment variable substitutions with @samp{$} work
+in the value just as in file names; see @ref{File Names with $}.)
+
+ The way to set environment variables outside of Emacs depends on the
+operating system, and especially the shell that you are using. For
+example, here's how to set the environment variable @env{ORGANIZATION}
+to @samp{not very much} using Bash:
@example
export ORGANIZATION="not very much"
setenv ORGANIZATION "not very much"
@end example
- When Emacs is uses the X Window System, it inherits the use
-of a large number of environment variables from the X libraries. See
-the X documentation for more information.
+ When Emacs is using the X Window System, various environment
+variables that control X work for Emacs as well. See the X
+documentation for more information.
@menu
* General Variables:: Environment variables that all versions of Emacs use.
* Misc Variables:: Certain system-specific variables.
+* MS-Windows Registry:: An alternative to the environment on MS-Windows.
@end menu
@node General Variables
expansion of file names starting with a tilde (@file{~}). On MS-DOS, it
defaults to the directory from which Emacs was started, with @samp{/bin}
removed from the end if it was present. On Windows, the default value
-of @code{HOME} is @file{C:/}, the root directory of drive @file{C:}.
+of @env{HOME} is @file{C:/}, the root directory of drive @file{C:}.
@item HOSTNAME
The name of the machine that Emacs is running on.
-@item INCPATH
+@item INCPATH
A colon-separated list of directories. Used by the @code{complete} package
to search for files.
@item INFOPATH
@env{LANG} is not set. But if @env{LC_ALL} is specified, it overrides
the settings of all the other locale environment variables.
-The value of the LC_CTYPE category is
+On MS-Windows, if @env{LANG} is not already set in the environment
+when Emacs starts, Emacs sets it based on the system-wide default
+language, which you can set in the @samp{Regional Settings} Control Panel
+on some versions of MS-Windows.
+
+The value of the @env{LC_CTYPE} category is
matched against entries in @code{locale-language-names},
@code{locale-charset-language-names}, and
@code{locale-preferred-coding-systems}, to select a default language
The user's login name. See also @env{USER}.
@item MAIL
The name of the user's system mail inbox.
-@item MAILRC
-Name of file containing mail aliases. (The default is
-@file{~/.mailrc}.)
@item MH
Name of setup file for the mh system. (The default is @file{~/.mh_profile}.)
@item NAME
@item SHELL
The name of an interpreter used to parse and execute programs run from
inside Emacs.
-@cindex background mode, on @code{xterm}
+@item SMTPSERVER
+The name of the outgoing mail server. Used by the SMTP library
+(@pxref{Top,,Sending mail via SMTP,smtpmail}).
+@cindex background mode, on @command{xterm}
@item TERM
The type of the terminal that Emacs is using. This variable must be
set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to
@samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that
handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates
-that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @code{xterm} or a similar
+that Emacs runs in non-windowed mode from @command{xterm} or a similar
terminal emulator, the background mode defaults to @samp{light}, and
Emacs will choose colors that are appropriate for a light background.
@item TERMCAP
Used by the Emerge package as a prefix for temporary files.
@item TZ
This specifies the current time zone and possibly also daylight
-saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @code{TZ} is not set in the
+saving time information. On MS-DOS, if @env{TZ} is not set in the
environment when Emacs starts, Emacs defines a default value as
appropriate for the country code returned by DOS. On MS-Windows, Emacs
-does not use @code{TZ} at all.
+does not use @env{TZ} at all.
@item USER
The user's login name. See also @env{LOGNAME}. On MS-DOS, this
defaults to @samp{root}.
@item WINDOW_GFX
Used when initializing the Sun windows system.
+
+@item PRELOAD_WINSOCK
+On MS-Windows, if you set this variable, Emacs will load and initialize
+the network library at startup, instead of waiting until the first
+time it is required.
+
+@item emacs_dir
+On MS-Windows, @env{emacs_dir} is a special environment variable, which
+indicates the full path of the directory in which Emacs is installed.
+If Emacs is installed in the standard directory structure, it
+calculates this value automatically. It is not much use setting this
+variable yourself unless your installation is non-standard, since
+unlike other environment variables, it will be overridden by Emacs at
+startup. When setting other environment variables, such as
+@env{EMACSLOADPATH}, you may find it useful to use @env{emacs_dir}
+rather than hard-coding an absolute path. This allows multiple
+versions of Emacs to share the same environment variable settings, and
+it allows you to move the Emacs installation directory, without
+changing any environment or registry settings.
+@end table
+
+@node MS-Windows Registry
+@appendixsubsec The MS-Windows System Registry
+@pindex addpm, MS-Windows installation program
+@cindex registry, setting environment variables and resources on MS-Windows
+
+On MS-Windows, the installation program @command{addpm.exe} adds values
+for @env{emacs_dir}, @env{EMACSLOADPATH}, @env{EMACSDATA},
+@env{EMACSPATH}, @env{EMACSDOC}, @env{SHELL} and @env{TERM} to the
+@file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section of the system registry, under
+@file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}. It does this because there is no standard
+place to set environment variables across different versions of
+Windows. Running @command{addpm.exe} is no longer strictly
+necessary in recent versions of Emacs, but if you are upgrading from
+an older version, running @command{addpm.exe} ensures that you do not have
+older registry entries from a previous installation, which may not be
+compatible with the latest version of Emacs.
+
+When Emacs starts, as well as checking the environment, it also checks
+the System Registry for those variables and for @env{HOME}, @env{LANG}
+and @env{PRELOAD_WINSOCK}.
+
+To determine the value of those variables, Emacs goes through the
+following procedure. First, the environment is checked. If the
+variable is not found there, Emacs looks for registry keys by that
+name under @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs}; first in the
+@file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section of the registry, and if not found
+there, in the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section. Finally, if Emacs
+still cannot determine the values, compiled-in defaults are used.
+
+In addition to the environment variables above, you can also add many
+of the settings which on X belong in the @file{.Xdefaults} file
+(@pxref{X Resources}) to the @file{/Software/GNU/Emacs} registry key.
+Settings you add to the @file{HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE} section will affect
+all users of the machine. Settings you add to the
+@file{HKEY_CURRENT_USER} section will only affect you, and will
+override machine wide settings.
+
+@node Display X
+@appendixsec Specifying the Display Name
+@cindex display name (X Window System)
+@cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable
+
+ The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including
+Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set by default
+in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs
+locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for
+example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program
+remotely, displaying on your local screen.
+
+ With Emacs, the main reason people change the default display is to
+let them log into another system, run Emacs on that system, but have the
+window displayed at their local terminal. You might need to log in
+to another system because the files you want to edit are there, or
+because the Emacs executable file you want to run is there.
+
+ The syntax of the @env{DISPLAY} environment variable is
+@samp{@var{host}:@var{display}.@var{screen}}, where @var{host} is the
+host name of the X Window System server machine, @var{display} is an
+arbitrarily-assigned number that distinguishes your server (X terminal)
+from other servers on the same machine, and @var{screen} is a
+rarely-used field that allows an X server to control multiple terminal
+screens. The period and the @var{screen} field are optional. If
+included, @var{screen} is usually zero.
+
+ For example, if your host is named @samp{glasperle} and your server is
+the first (or perhaps the only) server listed in the configuration, your
+@env{DISPLAY} is @samp{glasperle:0.0}.
+
+ You can specify the display name explicitly when you run Emacs, either
+by changing the @env{DISPLAY} variable, or with the option @samp{-d
+@var{display}} or @samp{--display=@var{display}}. Here is an example:
+
+@smallexample
+emacs --display=glasperle:0 &
+@end smallexample
+
+ You can inhibit the direct use of the window system and GUI with the
+@samp{-nw} option. It tells Emacs to display using ordinary @acronym{ASCII} on
+its controlling terminal. This is also an initial option.
+
+ Sometimes, security arrangements prevent a program on a remote system
+from displaying on your local system. In this case, trying to run Emacs
+produces messages like this:
+
+@smallexample
+Xlib: connection to "glasperle:0.0" refused by server
+@end smallexample
+
+@noindent
+You might be able to overcome this problem by using the @command{xhost}
+command on the local system to give permission for access from your
+remote machine.
+
+@node Font X
+@appendixsec Font Specification Options
+@cindex font name (X Window System)
+
+ By default, Emacs displays text in a twelve point Courier font (when
+using X). You can specify a different font on your command line
+through the option @samp{-fn @var{name}} (or @samp{--font}, which is
+an alias for @samp{-fn}).
+
+@table @samp
+@item -fn @var{name}
+@opindex -fn
+@itemx --font=@var{name}
+@opindex --font
+@cindex specify default font from the command line
+Use font @var{name} as the default font.
@end table
+
+ Under X, each font has a long name which consists of fourteen words
+or numbers, separated by dashes. Some fonts also have shorter
+nicknames. For instance, @samp{9x15} is such a nickname. This font
+makes each character nine pixels wide and fifteen pixels high. You
+can use either kind of name. Case is insignificant in both kinds.
+You can use wildcard patterns for the font name; then Emacs lets X
+choose one of the fonts that match the pattern. The wildcard
+character @samp{*} matches any sequence of characters (including none)
+and @samp{?} matches any single character. However, matching is
+implementation-dependent, and can be inaccurate when wildcards match
+dashes in a long name. For reliable results, supply all 14 dashes and
+use wildcards only within a field. Here is an example, which happens
+to specify the font whose nickname is @samp{6x13}:
+
+@smallexample
+emacs -fn \
+ "-misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1" &
+@end smallexample
+
+@noindent
+You can also specify the font in your @file{.Xdefaults} file:
+
+@smallexample
+emacs.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-*-*-*-c-60-iso8859-1
+@end smallexample
+
+ Note that if you use a wildcard pattern on the command line, you
+need to enclose it in single or double quotes, to prevent the shell
+from accidentally expanding it into a list of file names. On the
+other hand, you should not quote the name in the @file{.Xdefaults}
+file.
+
+The default font used by Emacs (under X) is:
+
+@smallexample
+-adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1
+@end smallexample
+
+ A long font name has the following form:
+
+@smallexample
+-@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{}
+@dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{registry}-@var{encoding}
+@end smallexample
+
+@table @var
+@item maker
+This is the name of the font manufacturer.
+@item family
+This is the name of the font family---for example, @samp{courier}.
+@item weight
+This is normally @samp{bold}, @samp{medium} or @samp{light}. Other
+words may appear here in some font names.
+@item slant
+This is @samp{r} (roman), @samp{i} (italic), @samp{o} (oblique),
+@samp{ri} (reverse italic), or @samp{ot} (other).
+@item widthtype
+This is normally @samp{condensed}, @samp{extended}, @samp{semicondensed}
+or @samp{normal}. Other words may appear here in some font names.
+@item style
+This is an optional additional style name. Usually it is empty---most
+long font names have two hyphens in a row at this point.
+@item pixels
+This is the font height, in pixels.
+@item height
+This is the font height on the screen, measured in tenths of a printer's
+point---approximately 1/720 of an inch. In other words, it is the point
+size of the font, times ten. For a given vertical resolution,
+@var{height} and @var{pixels} are proportional; therefore, it is common
+to specify just one of them and use @samp{*} for the other.
+@item horiz
+This is the horizontal resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for
+which the font is intended.
+@item vert
+This is the vertical resolution, in pixels per inch, of the screen for
+which the font is intended. Normally the resolution of the fonts on
+your system is the right value for your screen; therefore, you normally
+specify @samp{*} for this and @var{horiz}.
+@item spacing
+This is @samp{m} (monospace), @samp{p} (proportional) or @samp{c}
+(character cell).
+@item width
+This is the average character width, in pixels, multiplied by ten.
+@item registry
+@itemx encoding
+These together make up the X font character set that the font depicts.
+(X font character sets are not the same as Emacs charsets, but they
+are solutions for the same problem.) You can use the
+@command{xfontsel} program to check which choices you have. However,
+normally you should use @samp{iso8859} for @var{registry} and @samp{1}
+for @var{encoding}.
+@end table
+
+@cindex listing system fonts
+ You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is,
+a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with
+@samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a
+fixed-width font. Here's how to use the @command{xlsfonts} program to
+list all the fixed-width fonts available on your system:
+
+@example
+xlsfonts -fn '*x*' | egrep "^[0-9]+x[0-9]+"
+xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-m*'
+xlsfonts -fn '*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-c*'
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+To see what a particular font looks like, use the @command{xfd} command.
+For example:
+
+@example
+xfd -fn 6x13
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+displays the entire font @samp{6x13}.
+
+ While running Emacs, you can set the font of the current frame
+(@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text
+(@pxref{Faces}).
+
+@node Colors
+@appendixsec Window Color Options
+@cindex color of window
+@cindex text colors, from command line
+
+@findex list-colors-display
+@cindex available colors
+ On a color display, you can specify which color to use for various
+parts of the Emacs display. To find out what colors are available on
+your system, type @kbd{M-x list-colors-display}, or press
+@kbd{C-Mouse-2} and select @samp{Display Colors} from the pop-up menu.
+If you do not specify colors, on windowed displays the default for the
+background is white and the default for all other colors is black. On a
+monochrome display, the foreground is black, the background is white,
+and the border is gray if the display supports that. On terminals, the
+background is usually black and the foreground is white.
+
+ Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying colors:
+
+@table @samp
+@item -fg @var{color}
+@opindex -fg
+@itemx --foreground-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --foreground-color
+@cindex foreground color, command-line argument
+Specify the foreground color. @var{color} should be a standard color
+name, or a numeric specification of the color's red, green, and blue
+components as in @samp{#4682B4} or @samp{RGB:46/82/B4}.
+@item -bg @var{color}
+@opindex -bg
+@itemx --background-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --background-color
+@cindex background color, command-line argument
+Specify the background color.
+@item -bd @var{color}
+@opindex -bd
+@itemx --border-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --border-color
+@cindex border color, command-line argument
+Specify the color of the border of the X window.
+@item -cr @var{color}
+@opindex -cr
+@itemx --cursor-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --cursor-color
+@cindex cursor color, command-line argument
+Specify the color of the Emacs cursor which indicates where point is.
+@item -ms @var{color}
+@opindex -ms
+@itemx --mouse-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --mouse-color
+@cindex mouse pointer color, command-line argument
+Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window.
+@item -r
+@opindex -r
+@itemx -rv
+@opindex -rv
+@itemx --reverse-video
+@opindex --reverse-video
+@cindex reverse video, command-line argument
+Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors.
+@item --color=@var{mode}
+@opindex --color
+@cindex standard colors on a character terminal
+For a character terminal only, specify the mode of color support. The
+parameter @var{mode} can be one of the following:
+@table @samp
+@item never
+@itemx no
+Don't use colors even if the terminal's capabilities specify color
+support.
+@item default
+@itemx auto
+Same as when @option{--color} is not used at all: Emacs detects at
+startup whether the terminal supports colors, and if it does, turns on
+colored display.
+@item always
+@itemx yes
+@itemx ansi8
+Turn on the color support unconditionally, and use color commands
+specified by the ANSI escape sequences for the 8 standard colors.
+@item @var{num}
+Use color mode for @var{num} colors. If @var{num} is -1, turn off
+color support (equivalent to @samp{never}); if it is 0, use the
+default color support for this terminal (equivalent to @samp{auto});
+otherwise use an appropriate standard mode for @var{num} colors. If
+there is no mode that supports @var{num} colors, Emacs acts as if
+@var{num} were 0, i.e.@: it uses the terminal's default color support
+mode.
+@end table
+If @var{mode} is omitted, it defaults to @var{ansi8}.
+@end table
+
+ For example, to use a coral mouse cursor and a slate blue text cursor,
+enter:
+
+@example
+emacs -ms coral -cr 'slate blue' &
+@end example
+
+ You can reverse the foreground and background colors through the
+@samp{-rv} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}.
+
+ The @samp{-fg}, @samp{-bg}, and @samp{-rv} options function on
+text-only terminals as well as on window systems.
+
+@node Window Size X
+@appendixsec Options for Window Size and Position
+@cindex geometry of Emacs window
+@cindex position and size of Emacs frame
+@cindex width and height of Emacs frame
+@cindex specifying fullscreen for Emacs frame
+
+ Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying size and
+position of the initial Emacs frame:
+
+@table @samp
+@item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]}
+@opindex -g
+@itemx --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]}
+@opindex --geometry
+@cindex geometry, command-line argument
+Specify the size @var{width} and @var{height} (measured in character
+columns and lines), and positions @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}
+(measured in pixels). This applies to all frames.
+
+@item -fs
+@opindex -fs
+@itemx --fullscreen
+@opindex --fullscreen
+@cindex fullscreen, command-line argument
+Specify that width and height shall be the size of the screen.
+
+@item -fh
+@opindex -fh
+@itemx --fullheight
+@opindex --fullheight
+@cindex fullheight, command-line argument
+Specify that the height shall be the height of the screen.
+
+@item -fw
+@opindex -fw
+@itemx --fullwidth
+@opindex --fullwidth
+@cindex fullwidth, command-line argument
+Specify that the width shall be the width of the screen.
+@end table
+
+
+@noindent
+In the @samp{--geometry} option, @code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus
+ sign or a minus sign. A plus
+sign before @var{xoffset} means it is the distance from the left side of
+the screen; a minus sign means it counts from the right side. A plus
+sign before @var{yoffset} means it is the distance from the top of the
+screen, and a minus sign there indicates the distance from the bottom.
+The values @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} may themselves be positive or
+negative, but that doesn't change their meaning, only their direction.
+
+ Emacs uses the same units as @command{xterm} does to interpret the geometry.
+The @var{width} and @var{height} are measured in characters, so a large font
+creates a larger frame than a small font. (If you specify a proportional
+font, Emacs uses its maximum bounds width as the width unit.) The
+@var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset} are measured in pixels.
+
+ You do not have to specify all of the fields in the geometry
+specification. If you omit both @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}, the
+window manager decides where to put the Emacs frame, possibly by
+letting you place it with the mouse. For example, @samp{164x55}
+specifies a window 164 columns wide, enough for two ordinary width
+windows side by side, and 55 lines tall.
+
+ The default width for Emacs is 80 characters and the default height is
+40 lines. You can omit either the width or the height or both. If
+you start the geometry with an integer, Emacs interprets it as the
+width. If you start with an @samp{x} followed by an integer, Emacs
+interprets it as the height. Thus, @samp{81} specifies just the width;
+@samp{x45} specifies just the height.
+
+ If you start with @samp{+} or @samp{-}, that introduces an offset,
+which means both sizes are omitted. Thus, @samp{-3} specifies the
+@var{xoffset} only. (If you give just one offset, it is always
+@var{xoffset}.) @samp{+3-3} specifies both the @var{xoffset} and the
+@var{yoffset}, placing the frame near the bottom left of the screen.
+
+ You can specify a default for any or all of the fields in
+@file{.Xdefaults} file, and then override selected fields with a
+@samp{--geometry} option.
+
+ Since the mode line and the echo area occupy the last 2 lines of the
+frame, the height of the initial text window is 2 less than the height
+specified in your geometry. In non-X-toolkit versions of Emacs, the
+menu bar also takes one line of the specified number. But in the X
+toolkit version, the menu bar is additional and does not count against
+the specified height. The tool bar, if present, is also additional.
+
+ Enabling or disabling the menu bar or tool bar alters the amount of
+space available for ordinary text. Therefore, if Emacs starts up with
+a tool bar (which is the default), and handles the geometry
+specification assuming there is a tool bar, and then your
+@file{~/.emacs} file disables the tool bar, you will end up with a
+frame geometry different from what you asked for. To get the intended
+size with no tool bar, use an X resource to specify ``no tool bar''
+(@pxref{Table of Resources}); then Emacs will already know there's no
+tool bar when it processes the specified geometry.
+
+ When using one of @samp{--fullscreen}, @samp{--fullwidth} or
+@samp{--fullheight} there may be some space around the frame
+anyway. That is because Emacs rounds the sizes so they are an
+even number of character heights and widths.
+
+ Some window managers have options that can make them ignore both
+program-specified and user-specified positions (sawfish is one).
+If these are set, Emacs fails to position the window correctly.
+
+@node Borders X
+@appendixsec Internal and External Borders
+@cindex borders (X Window System)
+
+ An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The
+internal border is an extra strip of the background color around the
+text portion of the frame. Emacs itself draws the internal border.
+The external border is added by the window manager outside the frame;
+depending on the window manager you use, it may contain various boxes
+you can click on to move or iconify the window.
+
+@table @samp
+@item -ib @var{width}
+@opindex -ib
+@itemx --internal-border=@var{width}
+@opindex --internal-border
+@cindex internal border width, command-line argument
+Specify @var{width} as the width of the internal border (between the text
+and the main border), in pixels.
+
+@item -bw @var{width}
+@opindex -bw
+@itemx --border-width=@var{width}
+@opindex --border-width
+@cindex main border width, command-line argument
+Specify @var{width} as the width of the main border, in pixels.
+@end table
+
+ When you specify the size of the frame, that does not count the
+borders. The frame's position is measured from the outside edge of the
+external border.
+
+ Use the @samp{-ib @var{n}} option to specify an internal border
+@var{n} pixels wide. The default is 1. Use @samp{-bw @var{n}} to
+specify the width of the external border (though the window manager may
+not pay attention to what you specify). The default width of the
+external border is 2.
+
+@node Title X
+@appendixsec Frame Titles
+
+ An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame
+title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the
+name of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the
+default title has the form @samp{@var{invocation-name}@@@var{machine}}
+(if there is only one frame) or the selected window's buffer name (if
+there is more than one frame).
+
+ You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command
+line option:
+
+@table @samp
+@item -T @var{title}
+@opindex -T
+@itemx --title=@var{title}
+@opindex --title
+@cindex frame title, command-line argument
+Specify @var{title} as the title for the initial Emacs frame.
+@end table
+
+ The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources}) also specifies the title
+for the initial Emacs frame.
+
+@node Icons X
+@appendixsec Icons
+@cindex icons (X Window System)
+
+ Most window managers allow the user to ``iconify'' a frame, removing
+it from sight, and leaving a small, distinctive ``icon'' window in its
+place. Clicking on the icon window makes the frame itself appear again.
+If you have many clients running at once, you can avoid cluttering up
+the screen by iconifying most of the clients.
+
+@table @samp
+@item -i
+@opindex -i
+@itemx --icon-type
+@opindex --icon-type
+@cindex Emacs icon, a gnu
+Use a picture of a gnu as the Emacs icon.
+
+@item -iconic
+@opindex --iconic
+@itemx --iconic
+@cindex start iconified, command-line argument
+Start Emacs in iconified state.
+@end table
+
+ The @samp{-i} or @samp{--icon-type} option tells Emacs to use an icon
+window containing a picture of the GNU gnu. If omitted, Emacs lets the
+window manager choose what sort of icon to use---usually just a small
+rectangle containing the frame's title.
+
+ The @samp{-iconic} option tells Emacs to begin running as an icon,
+rather than showing a frame right away. In this situation, the icon
+is the only indication that Emacs has started; the text frame doesn't
+appear until you deiconify it.
+
+@node Misc X
+@appendixsec Other Display Options
+
+@table @samp
+@item -hb
+@opindex -hb
+@itemx --horizontal-scroll-bars
+@opindex --horizontal-scroll-bars
+@cindex horizontal scroll bars, command-line argument
+Enable horizontal scroll bars.
+
+@item -vb
+@opindex -vb
+@itemx --vertical-scroll-bars
+@opindex --vertical-scroll-bars
+@cindex vertical scroll bars, command-line argument
+Enable vertical scroll bars.
+
+@item -lsp @var{pixels}
+@opindex -lsp
+@itemx --line-spacing=@var{pixels}
+@opindex --line-spacing
+@cindex line spacing, command-line argument
+Specify @var{pixels} as additional space to put between lines, in pixels.
+@end table
+
+ The @samp{--xrm} option (@pxref{Resources}) specifies additional
+X resource values.
+
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: fffecd9e-7329-4a51-a3cc-dd4a9889340e
+@end ignore