-\input texinfo @c -*- coding: latin-1; mode: texinfo; -*-
+\input texinfo @c -*- mode: texinfo; -*-
@c %**start of header
@setfilename ../info/efaq
@settitle GNU Emacs FAQ
@setchapternewpage odd
@c This is used in many places
-@set VER 21.3
+@set VER 22.1
-@c The @ifinfo stuff only appears in the Info version
-@ifinfo
-@dircategory Emacs
-@direntry
-* Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs.
-@end direntry
+@c This file is maintained by Romain Francoise <rfrancoise@gnu.org>.
+@c Feel free to install changes without prior permission (but I'd
+@c appreciate a notice if you do).
-Copyright 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@copying
+Copyright @copyright{} 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.@*
Copyright 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@*
Copyright 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@*
Copyright 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@*
+@quotation
This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
-("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
+(``FAQ'') may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information.
The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ
the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work
itself allows free copying and redistribution.
-[This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version
-(as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.]
+[This version has been heavily edited since it was included in the Emacs
+distribution.]
+@end quotation
+@end copying
-@end ifinfo
+@dircategory Emacs
+@direntry
+* Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs.
+@end direntry
@c The @titlepage stuff only appears in the printed version
@titlepage
@c The following two commands start the copyright page.
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, inc.@*
-Copyright @copyright{} 1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000 Reuven M. Lerner@*
-Copyright @copyright{} 1992,1993 Steven Byrnes@*
-Copyright @copyright{} 1990,1991,1992 Joseph Brian Wells@*
-
-This list of frequently asked questions about GNU Emacs with answers
-("FAQ") may be translated into other languages, transformed into other
-formats (e.g. Texinfo, Info, WWW, WAIS), and updated with new information.
-
-The same conditions apply to any derivative of the FAQ as apply to the FAQ
-itself. Every copy of the FAQ must include this notice or an approved
-translation, information on who is currently maintaining the FAQ and how to
-contact them (including their e-mail address), and information on where the
-latest version of the FAQ is archived (including FTP information).
-
-The FAQ may be copied and redistributed under these conditions, except that
-the FAQ may not be embedded in a larger literary work unless that work
-itself allows free copying and redistribution.
-
-[This version has been somewhat edited from the last-posted version
-(as of August 1999) for inclusion in the Emacs distribution.]
+@insertcopying
@end titlepage
@node Top, FAQ notation, (dir), (dir)
This is the GNU Emacs FAQ, last updated on @today{}.
-The FAQ is maintained as a Texinfo document, allowing us to create HTML,
-Info, and TeX documents from a single source file, and is slowly but
-surely being improved. Please bear with us as we improve on this
-format. If you have any suggestions or questions, please contact
-@email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il, the FAQ maintainers}.
+This FAQ is maintained as a part of GNU Emacs. If you find any errors,
+or have any suggestions, please use @kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug} to report
+them.
@menu
-* FAQ notation::
-* General questions::
-* Getting help::
-* Status of Emacs::
-* Common requests::
-* Bugs and problems::
-* Compiling and installing Emacs::
-* Finding Emacs and related packages::
-* Major packages and programs::
-* Key bindings::
-* Alternate character sets::
-* Mail and news::
-* Concept index::
+* FAQ notation::
+* General questions::
+* Getting help::
+* Status of Emacs::
+* Common requests::
+* Bugs and problems::
+* Compiling and installing Emacs::
+* Finding Emacs and related packages::
+* Major packages and programs::
+* Key bindings::
+* Alternate character sets::
+* Mail and news::
+* Concept index::
@end menu
@c ------------------------------------------------------------
used in the FAQ.
@menu
-* Basic keys::
-* Extended commands::
-* On-line manual::
-* File-name conventions::
-* Common acronyms::
+* Basic keys::
+* Extended commands::
+* On-line manual::
+* File-name conventions::
+* Common acronyms::
@end menu
@node Basic keys, Extended commands, FAQ notation, FAQ notation
Any real spaces in such a key sequence should be ignored; only @key{SPC}
really means press the space key.
-The ASCII code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value
+The @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{C-x} (except for @kbd{C-?}) is the value
that would be sent by pressing just @key{x} minus 96 (or 64 for
upper-case @key{X}) and will be from 0 to 31. On Unix and GNU/Linux
-terminals, the ASCII code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the
-ASCII code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially,
+terminals, the @acronym{ASCII} code sent by @kbd{M-x} is the sum of 128 and the
+@acronym{ASCII} code that would be sent by pressing just @key{x}. Essentially,
@key{Control} turns off bits 5 and 6 and @key{Meta} turns on bit
7@footnote{
DOS and Windows terminals don't set bit 7 when the @key{Meta} key is
pressed.}.
-@kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is ASCII code 127. It is a misnomer to call
+@kbd{C-?} (aka @key{DEL}) is @acronym{ASCII} code 127. It is a misnomer to call
@kbd{C-?} a ``control'' key, since 127 has both bits 5 and 6 turned ON.
-Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate ASCII code 127.
+Also, on very few keyboards does @kbd{C-?} generate @acronym{ASCII} code 127.
@inforef{Text Characters, Text Characters, emacs}, and @inforef{Keys,
Keys, emacs}, for more information. (@xref{On-line manual}, for more
Unix systems.
The word ``free'' in the title of the Free Software Foundation refers to
-``freedom,'' not ``zero dollars.'' Anyone can charge any price for
+``freedom,'' not ``zero cost.'' Anyone can charge any price for
GPL-covered software that they want to. However, in practice, the
freedom enforced by the GPL leads to low prices, because you can always
get the software for less money from someone else, since everyone has
Free Software Foundation, and related organizations.
@menu
-* The LPF::
-* Real meaning of copyleft::
-* Guidelines for newsgroup postings::
-* Newsgroup archives::
-* Reporting bugs::
-* Unsubscribing from Emacs lists::
-* Contacting the FSF::
+* The LPF::
+* Real meaning of copyleft::
+* Guidelines for newsgroup postings::
+* Newsgroup archives::
+* Reporting bugs::
+* Unsubscribing from Emacs lists::
+* Contacting the FSF::
@end menu
@node The LPF, Real meaning of copyleft, General questions, General questions
archive is not particularly well organized or easy to retrieve
individual postings from, but pretty much everything is there.
-The archive is at @uref{ftp://ftp-mailing-list-archives.gnu.org}.
+The archive is at @uref{ftp://lists.gnu.org/}.
-As of this writing, the archives are not yet working.
+The archive can be browsed over the web at
+@uref{http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/, the GNU mail archive}.
Web-based Usenet search services, such as
-@uref{http://www.dejanews.com, DejaNews}, also archive the
-@code{gnu.*} groups.
+@uref{http://groups.google.com/groups/dir?sel=33592484, Google}, also
+archive the @code{gnu.*} groups.
+
+You can read the archives of the @code{gnu.*} groups and post new
+messages at @uref{http://gmane.org/, Gmane}.
@node Reporting bugs, Unsubscribing from Emacs lists, Newsgroup archives, General questions
@section Where should I report bugs and other problems with Emacs?
@cindex How to submit a bug report
@cindex Reporting bugs
-The correct way to report Emacs bugs is by e-mail to
-@email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org}. Anything sent here also appears in the
+The correct way to report Emacs bugs is to use the command
+@kbd{M-x report-emacs-bug}. It sets up a mail buffer with the
+essential information and the correct e-mail address which is
+@email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} for the released versions of Emacs.
+Anything sent to @email{bug-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} also appears in the
newsgroup @uref{news:gnu.emacs.bug}, but please use e-mail instead of
news to submit the bug report. This ensures a reliable return address
so you can be contacted for further details.
Be sure to read the ``Bugs'' section of the Emacs manual before reporting
-a bug to bug-gnu-emacs! The manual describes in detail how to submit a
-useful bug report. (@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the
-manual.)
+a bug! The manual describes in detail how to submit a useful bug
+report (@pxref{Bugs, , Reporting Bugs, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
+(@xref{On-line manual}, if you don't know how to read the manual.)
RMS says:
@item Postal address
Free Software Foundation@*
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330@*
-Boston, MA 02111-1307@*
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor@*
+Boston, MA 02110-1301@*
USA@*
@end table
@cindex Ordering GNU software
For details on how to order items directly from the FSF, see the
-@uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}, and also the
-files @file{etc/ORDERS}, @file{ORDERS.EUROPE}, and @file{ORDERS.JAPAN}.
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}.
@c ------------------------------------------------------------
@node Getting help, Status of Emacs, General questions, Top
This chapter tells you how to get help with Emacs
@menu
-* Basic editing::
-* Learning how to do something::
-* Getting a printed manual::
-* Emacs Lisp documentation::
-* Installing Texinfo documentation::
-* Printing a Texinfo file::
-* Viewing Info files outside of Emacs::
-* Informational files for Emacs::
-* Help installing Emacs::
-* Obtaining the FAQ::
+* Basic editing::
+* Learning how to do something::
+* Getting a printed manual::
+* Emacs Lisp documentation::
+* Installing Texinfo documentation::
+* Printing a Texinfo file::
+* Viewing Info files outside of Emacs::
+* Informational files for Emacs::
+* Help installing Emacs::
+* Obtaining the FAQ::
@end menu
@node Basic editing, Learning how to do something, Getting help, Getting help
@cindex Self-paced tutorial, invoking the
@cindex Help system, entering the
-Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing @kbd{C-h}
-enters the help system.
+Type @kbd{C-h t} to invoke the self-paced tutorial. Just typing
+@kbd{C-h} enters the help system. Starting with Emacs 22, the tutorial
+is available in many foreign languages such as French, German, Japanese,
+Russian, etc. Use @kbd{M-x help-with-tutorial-spec-language @key{RET}}
+to choose your language and start the tutorial.
Your system administrator may have changed @kbd{C-h} to act like
@key{DEL} to deal with local keyboards. You can use @kbd{M-x
Emacs help works best if it is invoked by a single key whose value
should be stored in the variable @code{help-char}.
-There is also a WWW-based tutorial for Emacs 18, much of which is also
-relevant for later versions of Emacs, available at
-
-@uref{http://kufacts.cc.ukans.edu/cwis/writeups/misc/emacsguide.html}
-
@node Learning how to do something, Getting a printed manual, Basic editing, Getting help
@section How do I find out how to do something in Emacs?
@cindex Help for Emacs
@cindex Reading the Emacs manual
@item
The complete text of the Emacs manual is available on-line via the Info
-hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h i} to invoke Info. Typing @key{h}
-immediately after entering Info will provide a short tutorial on how to
-use it.
+hypertext reader. Type @kbd{C-h r} to display the manual in Info mode.
+Typing @key{h} immediately after entering Info will provide a short
+tutorial on how to use it.
@cindex Lookup a subject in a manual
@cindex Index search in a manual
@cindex Command description in the manual
@item
-The command @kbd{C-h C-f} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts
+The command @kbd{C-h F} (@code{Info-goto-emacs-command-node}) prompts
for the name of a command, and then attempts to find the section in the
Emacs manual where that command is described.
@cindex Emacs manual, obtaining a printed or HTML copy of
You can order a printed copy of the Emacs manual from the FSF. For
-details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}
-and the file @file{etc/ORDERS}.
+details see the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}.
@c The number 620 below is version-dependent!
The full Texinfo source for the manual also comes in the @file{man}
If you absolutely have to print your own copy, and you don't have @TeX{},
you can get a PostScript version from
-@uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/ps/emacs.ps.gz}
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/emacs.ps.gz}
@cindex HTML version of Emacs manual, obtaining
An HTML version of the manual is at
-@uref{www.gnu.org/manual/emacs/index.html}
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/emacs.html}
+
+The manual is available in other formats at
+
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/}
@xref{Learning how to do something}, for how to view the manual on-line.
Within Emacs, you can type @kbd{C-h f} to get the documentation for a
function, @kbd{C-h v} for a variable.
-For more information, obtain the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. Details
-on ordering it from FSF are on the
-@uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site} and in the file
-@file{etc/ORDERS}.
-
-The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is also available on-line, in Info
-format. Texinfo source for the manual (along with pregenerated Info
-files) is available at
+For more information, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available
+on-line, in Info format. @xref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
+Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
-@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-manual-21-2.6.tar.gz}
-
-and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU
-distributions}). @xref{Installing Texinfo documentation}, if you want
-to install the Info files, or @ref{Printing a Texinfo file}, if you want
-to use the Texinfo source to print the manual yourself.
+You can also order a hardcopy of the manual, details on ordering it from
+FSF are on the @uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/order.html, GNU Web site}.
An HTML version of the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is available at
-@uref{http://www.gnu.org/manual/elisp-manual-21-2.6/elisp.html}
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/elisp-manual/elisp.html}
@node Installing Texinfo documentation, Printing a Texinfo file, Emacs Lisp documentation, Getting help
@section How do I install a piece of Texinfo documentation?
using the stand-alone @file{makeinfo} program, available as part of the latest
Texinfo package at
-@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.0.tar.gz}
+@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-4.8.tar.gz}
and all mirrors of @samp{ftp.gnu.org} (for a list, @pxref{Current GNU
distributions}).
* Topic: (relative-pathname). Short description of topic.
@end example
-@end enumerate
+@end enumerate
If you want to install Info files and you don't have the necessary
privileges, you have several options:
@itemize @bullet
@item
-Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used. You
-can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node} command (invoked by
-pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name of the file in
-parentheses. This goes to the node named ``Top'' in that file. For
-example, to view a Info file named @file{@var{info-file}} in your home
-directory, you can type this:
+Info files don't actually need to be installed before being used.
+You can use a prefix argument for the @code{info} command and specify
+the name of the Info file in the minibuffer. This goes to the node
+named @samp{Top} in that file. For example, to view a Info file named
+@file{@var{info-file}} in your home directory, you can type this:
+
+@example
+@kbd{C-u C-h i ~/@var{info-file} @key{RET}}
+@end example
+
+Alternatively, you can feed a file name to the @code{Info-goto-node}
+command (invoked by pressing @key{g} in Info mode) by typing the name
+of the file in parentheses, like this:
@example
@kbd{C-h i g (~/@var{info-file}) @key{RET}}
@table @file
@item COPYING
-Emacs General Public License
+GNU General Public License
@item DISTRIB
-Emacs Availability Information, including the popular "Free Software
-Foundation Order Form"
+Emacs Availability Information, including the popular Free Software
+Foundation Order Form
@item FTP
How to get GNU Software by Internet FTP or by UUCP
GNU Service Directory
@item SUN-SUPPORT
-including "Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs"
+including ``Using Emacstool with GNU Emacs''
@end table
-Latest versions of the above files also available at
-
-@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GNUinfo/}
-
More GNU information, including back issues of the @cite{GNU's
Bulletin}, are at
@item
Inside of Emacs itself. You can get it from selecting the @samp{Emacs
FAQ} option from the @samp{Help} menu of the Emacs menu bar at the top
-of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h F} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}).
+of any Emacs frame, or by typing @kbd{C-h C-f} (@kbd{M-x view-emacs-FAQ}).
@item
Via USENET. If you can read news, the FAQ should be available in your
administrator, because the most recent FAQ should not expire for a
while.
-@item
-Via HTTP or FTP. You can always fetch the latest FAQ from
-
-@uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/} and
-
-@uref{ftp://ftp.lerner.co.il/pub/emacs/}
-
@item
In the Emacs distribution. Since Emacs 18.56, the FAQ at the time
of release has been part of the Emacs distribution as either
@file{etc/FAQ} or @file{man/faq.texi} (@pxref{File-name conventions}).
-@item
-Via the World Wide Web. A hypertext version is available at
-
-@uref{http://www.lerner.co.il/emacs/}
-
@item
Via anonymous ftp and e-mail from @file{rtfm.mit.edu} (and its mirror in
Europe), the main repository for FAQs and other items posted to
@end example
For more information, send email to @email{mail-server@@rtfm.mit.edu}
-with "help" and "index" in the body on separate lines.
-
-@item
-As the very last resort, you can e-mail a request to
-@email{emacs-faq@@lerner.co.il}. Don't do this unless you have made a
-good-faith effort to obtain the FAQ list via one of the methods listed
-above.
-
+with @samp{help} and @samp{index} in the body on separate lines.
@end itemize
@c ------------------------------------------------------------
latest version status.
@menu
-* Origin of the term Emacs::
-* Latest version of Emacs::
-* New in Emacs 20::
-* New in Emacs 21::
+* Origin of the term Emacs::
+* Latest version of Emacs::
+* New in Emacs 20::
+* New in Emacs 21::
+* New in Emacs 22::
@end menu
@node Origin of the term Emacs, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs, Status of Emacs
Emacs @value{VER} is the current version as of this writing.
-@node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs
+@node New in Emacs 20, New in Emacs 21, Latest version of Emacs, Status of Emacs
@section What is different about Emacs 20?
@cindex Differences between Emacs 19 and Emacs 20
@cindex Emacs 20, new features in
-To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h n}
+To find out what has changed in recent versions, type @kbd{C-h C-n}
(@kbd{M-x view-emacs-news}). The oldest changes are at the bottom of
the file, so you might want to read it starting there, rather than at
the top.
and are now included with the standard distribution.
-@node New in Emacs 21, , New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs
+@node New in Emacs 21, New in Emacs 22, New in Emacs 20, Status of Emacs
@section What is different about Emacs 21?
@cindex Differences between Emacs 20 and Emacs 21
@cindex Emacs 21, new features in
@cindex Toolbar support
Emacs 21 features a thorough rewrite of the display engine. The new
display engine supports variable-size fonts, images, and can play sounds
-on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearence of
+on platforms which support that. As a result, the visual appearance of
Emacs, when it runs on a windowed display, is much more reminiscent of
modern GUI programs, and includes 3D widgets (used for the mode line and
the scroll bars), a configurable and extensible toolbar, tooltips
that you can now have colors when you run Emacs on a GNU/Linux console
and on @code{xterm} with @kbd{emacs -nw}.
+@node New in Emacs 22, , New in Emacs 21, Status of Emacs
+@section What is different about Emacs 22?
+@cindex Differences between Emacs 21 and Emacs 22
+@cindex Emacs 22, new features in
+@cindex Recently introduced features
+
+@c FIXME: Improve this node before the 22.1 release.
+@cindex Default features
+Font-lock mode, auto-compression mode, and file name shadow mode are now
+enabled by default. It is now possible to follow links with
+@kbd{mouse-1}.
+
+@cindex Supported systems
+Emacs 22 features support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 and X86-64
+machines, as well as support for the Mac OS X and Cygwin operating
+systems.
+
+@cindex GTK+ Toolkit
+@cindex Drag-and-drop
+@cindex Mouse wheel
+Emacs can now be built with GTK+ widgets, and supports drag-and-drop
+operation on X. Mouse wheel support is now enabled by default.
+
+@cindex New modes
+Many new modes and packages have been included in Emacs, such as Leim,
+Calc, Tramp and URL, as well as IDO, CUA, rcirc, ERC, conf-mode,
+python-mode, table, tumme, SES, ruler, Flymake, Org, PGG, etc.
+
+@cindex Documentation
+@cindex Emacs Lisp Manual
+In addition, Emacs 22 now includes the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual
+(@pxref{Emacs Lisp documentation}) and the Emacs Lisp Intro.
+
@c ------------------------------------------------------------
@node Common requests, Bugs and problems, Status of Emacs, Top
@chapter Common requests
@cindex Common requests
@menu
-* Setting up a customization file::
-* Debugging a customization file::
-* Colors on a TTY::
-* Displaying the current line or column::
-* Displaying the current file name in the titlebar::
-* Turning on abbrevs by default::
-* Turning on auto-fill by default::
-* Associating modes with files::
-* Working with unprintable characters::
-* Highlighting a region::
-* Controlling case sensitivity::
-* Wrapping words automatically::
-* Spell-checkers::
-* Checking TeX and *roff documents::
-* Changing load-path::
-* Using an already running Emacs process::
-* Compiler error messages::
-* Indenting switch statements::
-* Customizing C and C++ indentation::
-* Horizontal scrolling::
-* Overwrite mode::
-* Turning off beeping::
-* Turning the volume down::
-* Automatic indentation::
-* Matching parentheses::
-* Hiding #ifdef lines::
-* Repeating commands::
-* Valid X resources::
-* Evaluating Emacs Lisp code::
-* Changing the length of a Tab::
-* Inserting > at the beginning of each line::
-* Underlining paragraphs::
-* Repeating a command as many times as possible::
-* Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column::
-* Forcing Emacs to iconify itself::
-* Using regular expressions::
-* Replacing text across multiple files::
-* Documentation for etags::
-* Disabling backups::
-* Disabling auto-save-mode::
-* Going to a line by number::
-* Modifying pull-down menus::
-* Deleting menus and menu options::
-* Turning on syntax highlighting::
-* Scrolling only one line::
-* Replacing highlighted text::
-* Editing MS-DOS files::
-* Filling paragraphs with a single space::
-* Escape sequences in shell output::
+* Setting up a customization file::
+* Using Customize::
+* Colors on a TTY::
+* Debugging a customization file::
+* Displaying the current line or column::
+* Displaying the current file name in the titlebar::
+* Turning on abbrevs by default::
+* Associating modes with files::
+* Highlighting a region::
+* Replacing highlighted text::
+* Controlling case sensitivity::
+* Working with unprintable characters::
+* Searching for/replacing newlines::
+* Yanking text in isearch::
+* Wrapping words automatically::
+* Turning on auto-fill by default::
+* Spell-checkers::
+* Checking TeX and *roff documents::
+* Changing load-path::
+* Using an already running Emacs process::
+* Compiler error messages::
+* Indenting switch statements::
+* Customizing C and C++ indentation::
+* Horizontal scrolling::
+* Overwrite mode::
+* Turning off beeping::
+* Turning the volume down::
+* Automatic indentation::
+* Matching parentheses::
+* Hiding #ifdef lines::
+* Repeating commands::
+* Valid X resources::
+* Evaluating Emacs Lisp code::
+* Changing the length of a Tab::
+* Inserting text at the beginning of each line::
+* Underlining paragraphs::
+* Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column::
+* Forcing Emacs to iconify itself::
+* Using regular expressions::
+* Replacing text across multiple files::
+* Documentation for etags::
+* Disabling backups::
+* Disabling auto-save-mode::
+* Going to a line by number::
+* Modifying pull-down menus::
+* Deleting menus and menu options::
+* Turning on syntax highlighting::
+* Scrolling only one line::
+* Editing MS-DOS files::
+* Filling paragraphs with a single space::
+* Escape sequences in shell output::
@end menu
-@node Setting up a customization file, Colors on a TTY, Common requests, Common requests
+@node Setting up a customization file, Using Customize, Common requests, Common requests
@section How do I set up a @file{.emacs} file properly?
@cindex @file{.emacs} file, setting up
+@cindex @file{.emacs} file, locating
@cindex Init file, setting up
@cindex Customization file, setting up
-@inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}
+@inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}.
In general, new Emacs users should not have @file{.emacs} files, because
it causes confusing non-standard behavior. Then they send questions to
@email{help-gnu-emacs@@gnu.org} asking why Emacs isn't behaving as
documented.
-Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize
-facility, which can be invoked using @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}.
-This allows users who are unfamiliar with Emacs Lisp to modify their
-@file{.emacs} files in a relatively straightforward way, using menus
-rather than Lisp code. Not all packages support Customize as of this
-writing, but the number is growing fairly steadily.
+Beginning with version 20.1, Emacs includes the new Customize facility
+(@pxref{Using Customize}). This allows users who are unfamiliar with
+Emacs Lisp to modify their @file{.emacs} files in a relatively
+straightforward way, using menus rather than Lisp code. Most packages
+support Customize as of this writing.
While Customize might indeed make it easier to configure Emacs,
consider taking a bit of time to learn Emacs Lisp and modifying your
rather completely in @inforef{Init File, Init File, emacs}, for users
interested in performing frequently requested, basic tasks.
-@node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Setting up a customization file, Common requests
+Sometimes users are unsure as to where their @file{.emacs} file should
+be found. Visiting the file as @file{~/.emacs} from Emacs will find
+the correct file.
+
+@node Using Customize, Colors on a TTY, Setting up a customization file, Common requests
+@section How do I start using Customize?
+@cindex Customize groups
+@cindex Customizing variables
+@cindex Customizing faces
+
+The main Customize entry point is @kbd{M-x customize @key{RET}}. This
+command takes you to a buffer listing all the available Customize
+groups. From there, you can access all customizable options and faces,
+change their values, and save your changes to your init file.
+@inforef{Easy Customization, Easy Customization, emacs}.
+
+If you know the name of the group in advance (e.g. ``shell''), use
+@kbd{M-x customize-group @key{RET}}.
+
+If you wish to customize a single option, use @kbd{M-x customize-option
+@key{RET}}. This command prompts you for the name of the option to
+customize, with completion.
+
+@node Colors on a TTY, Debugging a customization file, Using Customize, Common requests
@section How do I get colors and syntax highlighting on a TTY?
@cindex Colors on a TTY
@cindex Syntax highlighting on a TTY
In Emacs 21.1 and later, colors and faces are supported in non-windowed mode,
i.e.@: on Unix and GNU/Linux text-only terminals and consoles, and when
-invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X and MS-Windows. (Colors and faces were
+invoked as @samp{emacs -nw} on X, MS-Windows, and Mac. (Colors and faces were
supported in the MS-DOS port since Emacs 19.29.) Emacs automatically
detects color support at startup and uses it if available. If you think
that your terminal supports colors, but Emacs won't use them, check the
The command @kbd{M-x list-colors-display} pops up a window which
exhibits all the colors Emacs knows about on the current display.
-Syntax highlighting is usually turned off by default; see @ref{Turning
-on syntax highlighting}, for instructions how to turn it on.
+Syntax highlighting is on by default since version 22.1.
@node Debugging a customization file, Displaying the current line or column, Colors on a TTY, Common requests
@section How do I debug a @file{.emacs} file?
@kbd{M-x column-number-mode}, or by putting the form
@lisp
-(setq column-number-mode t)
+(setq column-number-mode t)
@end lisp
@noindent
@cindex Set number capability in @code{vi} emulators
None of the @code{vi} emulation modes provide the ``set number''
-capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know).
+capability of @code{vi} (as far as we know). The @samp{setnu} package
+written by @email{kyle@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones} provides this
+feature. So too does @samp{wb-line-number}, written by
+@email{naoki.y.nakamura@@nifty.com, Naoki Nakamura}.
@node Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Turning on abbrevs by default, Displaying the current line or column, Common requests
@section How can I modify the titlebar to contain the current file name?
(setq frame-title-format "%b")
@end lisp
-@node Turning on abbrevs by default, Turning on auto-fill by default, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests
+@node Turning on abbrevs by default, Associating modes with files, Displaying the current file name in the titlebar, Common requests
@section How do I turn on abbrevs by default just in mode @var{mymode}?
@cindex Abbrevs, turning on by default
(setq abbrev-mode t)))
@end lisp
-@node Turning on auto-fill by default, Associating modes with files, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests
-@section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default?
-@cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically
-@cindex Filling automatically
-@cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode}
-
-To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x
-auto-fill-mode}.
-
-To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook
-for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all
-text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
-
-@lisp
-(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill)
-@end lisp
-
-If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this:
-
-@lisp
-(setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill)
-@end lisp
+Starting with Emacs 22, the standard abbrevs file is read automatically
+at startup, so the first of these two forms becomes unnecessary.
-@node Associating modes with files, Working with unprintable characters, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests
+@node Associating modes with files, Highlighting a region, Turning on abbrevs by default, Common requests
@section How do I make Emacs use a certain major mode for certain files?
@cindex Associating modes with files
@cindex File extensions and modes
indicate which mode to use. Use @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x
describe-variable}) on @code{interpreter-mode-alist} to learn more.
-@node Working with unprintable characters, Highlighting a region, Associating modes with files, Common requests
+@node Highlighting a region, Replacing highlighted text, Associating modes with files, Common requests
+@section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
+@cindex Highlighting text
+@cindex Text, highlighting
+@cindex @code{transient-mark-mode}
+@cindex Region, highlighting a
+
+You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by
+including
+
+@lisp
+(transient-mark-mode t)
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent
+in your @file{.emacs} file.
+
+@node Replacing highlighted text, Controlling case sensitivity, Highlighting a region, Common requests
+@section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type?
+@cindex @code{delete-selection-mode}
+@cindex Replacing highlighted text
+@cindex Highlighting and replacing text
+
+Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by
+placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file:
+
+@lisp
+(delete-selection-mode 1)
+@end lisp
+
+According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode}
+(which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET}
+delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}):
+
+@quotation
+When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active.
+When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point.
+@end quotation
+
+This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by
+pressing @key{DEL}.
+
+@node Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests
+@section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing?
+@cindex @code{case-fold-search}
+@cindex Case sensitivity of searches
+@cindex Searching without case sensitivity
+@cindex Ignoring case in searches
+
+For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search}
+determines whether they are case sensitive:
+
+@lisp
+(setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive
+(setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive
+@end lisp
+
+@cindex Case sensitivity in replacements
+@cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity
+@cindex @code{case-replace}
+Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines
+whether replacements preserve case.
+
+You can also toggle case sensitivity at will in isearch with @kbd{M-c}.
+
+To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major
+mode's hook. For example:
+
+@lisp
+(add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook
+ (lambda ()
+ (setq case-fold-search nil)))
+@end lisp
+
+@node Working with unprintable characters, Searching for/replacing newlines, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests
@section How do I search for, delete, or replace unprintable (eight-bit or control) characters?
@cindex Unprintable characters, working with
@cindex Working with unprintable characters
M-x replace-regexp @key{RET} [^ @key{TAB} C-q @key{LFD} C-q @key{RET} C-q C-l @key{SPC} -~] @key{RET} : @key{RET}
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item
-You don't need to quote @key{TAB} with either isearch or typing
-something in the minibuffer.
-
-@end itemize
-
-@node Highlighting a region, Controlling case sensitivity, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests
-@section How can I highlight a region of text in Emacs?
-@cindex Highlighting text
-@cindex Text, highlighting
-@cindex @code{transient-mark-mode}
-@cindex Region, highlighting a
-
-You can cause the region to be highlighted when the mark is active by
-including
-
-@lisp
-(transient-mark-mode t)
-@end lisp
-
-@noindent
-in your @file{.emacs} file. (Also see @ref{Turning on syntax
-highlighting}.)
-
-@node Controlling case sensitivity, Wrapping words automatically, Highlighting a region, Common requests
-@section How do I control Emacs's case-sensitivity when searching/replacing?
-@cindex @code{case-fold-search}
-@cindex Case sensitivity of searches
-@cindex Searching without case sensitivity
-@cindex Ignoring case in searches
-
-For searching, the value of the variable @code{case-fold-search}
-determines whether they are case sensitive:
+@node Searching for/replacing newlines, Yanking text in isearch, Working with unprintable characters, Common requests
+@section How do I input a newline character in isearch or query-replace?
+@cindex Searching for newlines
+@cindex Replacing newlines
-@lisp
-(setq case-fold-search nil) ; make searches case sensitive
-(setq case-fold-search t) ; make searches case insensitive
-@end lisp
+Use @kbd{C-q C-j}. For more information, see @inforef{Special Isearch,
+Special Input for Incremental Search, emacs}.
-@cindex Case sensitivity in replacements
-@cindex Replacing, and case sensitivity
-@cindex @code{case-replace}
-Similarly, for replacing, the variable @code{case-replace} determines
-whether replacements preserve case.
-To change the case sensitivity just for one major mode, use the major
-mode's hook. For example:
+@node Yanking text in isearch, Wrapping words automatically, Searching for/replacing newlines, Common requests
+@section How do I copy text from the kill ring into the search string?
+@cindex Yanking text into the search string
+@cindex isearch yanking
-@lisp
-(add-hook '@var{foo}-mode-hook
- (lambda ()
- (setq case-fold-search nil)))
-@end lisp
+Use @kbd{M-y}. @inforef{Isearch Yank, Isearch Yanking, emacs}.
-@node Wrapping words automatically, Spell-checkers, Controlling case sensitivity, Common requests
+@node Wrapping words automatically, Turning on auto-fill by default, Yanking text in isearch, Common requests
@section How do I make Emacs wrap words for me?
@cindex Wrapping word automatically
@cindex Wrapping lines
@code{fill-column}. To learn how to turn this on automatically, see
@ref{Turning on auto-fill by default}.
-@node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests
+@node Turning on auto-fill by default, Spell-checkers, Wrapping words automatically, Common requests
+@section How do I turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} by default?
+@cindex @code{auto-fill-mode}, activating automatically
+@cindex Filling automatically
+@cindex Automatic entry to @code{auto-fill-mode}
+
+To turn on @code{auto-fill-mode} just once for one buffer, use @kbd{M-x
+auto-fill-mode}.
+
+To turn it on for every buffer in a certain mode, you must use the hook
+for that mode. For example, to turn on @code{auto-fill} mode for all
+text buffers, including the following in your @file{.emacs} file:
+
+@lisp
+(add-hook 'text-mode-hook 'turn-on-auto-fill)
+@end lisp
+
+If you want @code{auto-fill} mode on in all major modes, do this:
+
+@lisp
+(setq-default auto-fill-function 'do-auto-fill)
+@end lisp
+
+@node Spell-checkers, Checking TeX and *roff documents, Turning on auto-fill by default, Common requests
@section Where can I get a better spelling checker for Emacs?
@cindex Checking spelling
@cindex Spelling, checking text documents
To do this relative to your home directory:
@lisp
-(setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path)
+(setq load-path (cons "~/mysubdir/" load-path))
@end lisp
@node Using an already running Emacs process, Compiler error messages, Changing load-path, Common requests
(if (@var{some conditions are met}) (server-start))
@end lisp
-When this is done, Emacs starts a subprocess running a program called
-@samp{emacsserver}. @samp{emacsserver} creates a Unix domain socket.
-The socket is either named @file{.emacs_server}, in the user's home directory,
-or @file{esrv-@var{userid}-@var{systemname}}, in the @file{/tmp}
-directory, depending on how @samp{emacsserver} was compiled.
+When this is done, Emacs creates a Unix domain socket named
+@file{server} in @file{/tmp/emacs@var{userid}}. See
+@code{server-socket-dir}.
To get your news reader, mail reader, etc., to invoke
@samp{emacsclient}, try setting the environment variable @code{EDITOR}
setenv EDITOR emacsclient
# using full pathname
-setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient
+setenv EDITOR /usr/local/emacs/etc/emacsclient
# sh command:
EDITOR=emacsclient ; export EDITOR
@item
Normal use:
-When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the @file{.emacs_server}
-socket and passes its command line options to @samp{server}. When
-@samp{server} receives these requests, it sends this information to the
-the Emacs process, which at the next opportunity will visit the files
-specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with Emacs.) The
-user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When the user is
-done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or @kbd{M-x
-server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer requested by
-@code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise
+When @samp{emacsclient} is run, it connects to the socket and passes its
+command line options to Emacs, which at the next opportunity will visit
+the files specified. (Line numbers can be specified just like with
+Emacs.) The user will have to switch to the Emacs window by hand. When
+the user is done editing a file, the user can type @kbd{C-x #} (or
+@kbd{M-x server-edit}) to indicate this. If there is another buffer
+requested by @code{emacsclient}, Emacs will switch to it; otherwise
@code{emacsclient} will exit, signaling the calling program to continue.
-@samp{emacsclient} and @samp{server} must be running on machines which
-share the same filesystem for this to work. The pathnames that
-@samp{emacsclient} specifies should be correct for the filesystem that
-the Emacs process sees. The Emacs process should not be suspended at
-the time @samp{emacsclient} is invoked. On Unix and GNU/Linux systems,
-@samp{emacsclient} should either be invoked from another X window, or
-from a shell window inside Emacs itself, or from another interactive
-session, e.g., by means of a @code{screen} program.
-
@cindex @code{gnuserv}
-There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient}/server called
+There is an enhanced version of @samp{emacsclient} called
@samp{gnuserv}, written by @email{ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com, Andy Norman}
-which is available in the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do
-not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses Internet domain sockets, so
-it can work across most network connections. It also supports the
-execution of arbitrary Emacs Lisp forms and does not require the client
-program to wait for completion.
+(@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). @samp{gnuserv} uses
+Internet domain sockets, so it can work across most network connections.
-The alpha version of an enhanced @samp{gnuserv} is available at
+The most recent @samp{gnuserv} package is available at
-@uref{ftp://ftp.wellfleet.com/netman/psmith/emacs/gnuserv-2.1alpha.tar.gz}
+@uref{http://meltin.net/hacks/emacs/}
@end itemize
@cindex Regexps for recognizing compiler errors
@cindex Errors, recognizing compiler
-The variable @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} helps control how
-Emacs parses your compiler output. It is a list of triplets of the form:
-@code{(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})}, where @var{regexp},
-@var{file-idx} and @var{line-idx} are strings. To help determine what
-the constituent elements should be, load @file{compile.el} and then type
-@kbd{C-h v compilation-error-regexp-alist @key{RET}} to see the current
-value. A good idea is to look at @file{compile.el} itself as the
-comments included for this variable are quite useful---the regular
-expressions required for your compiler's output may be very close to one
-already provided. Once you have determined the proper regexps, use the
-following to inform Emacs of your changes:
-
-@lisp
-(setq compilation-error-regexp-alist
- (cons '(@var{regexp} @var{file-idx} @var{line-idx})
- compilation-error-regexp-alist))
-@end lisp
+Customize the @code{compilation-error-regexp-alist} variable.
@node Indenting switch statements, Customizing C and C++ indentation, Compiler error messages, Common requests
@section How do I change the indentation for @code{switch}?
spacing of four instead of two.
The @emph{real} solution is to use @code{cc-mode} (the default mode for
-C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to yoyr
+C programming in Emacs 20 and later) and add the following line to your
@file{.emacs}:
@lisp
automatically scrolls the display horizontally when point moves off the
left or right edge of the window.
+Note that this is overridden by the variable
+@code{truncate-partial-width-windows} if that variable is non-nil
+and the current buffer is not full-frame width.
+
In Emacs 20, use the @code{hscroll-mode}. Here is some information from
the documentation, available by typing @kbd{C-h f hscroll-mode @key{RET}}:
Automatically scroll horizontally when the point moves off the
-left or right edge of the window.
+left or right edge of the window.
@itemize @minus
@item
@item
@code{hscroll-margin} controls how close the cursor can get to the
-edge of the window.
+edge of the window.
@item
@code{hscroll-step-percent} controls how far to jump once we decide to do so.
@end itemize
@node Overwrite mode, Turning off beeping, Horizontal scrolling, Common requests
-@section How do I make Emacs "typeover" or "overwrite" instead of inserting?
+@section How do I make Emacs ``typeover'' or ``overwrite'' instead of inserting?
@cindex @key{Insert}
@cindex @code{overwrite-mode}
@cindex Overwriting existing text
(assuming you have one):
@example
-... :vb=: ...
+... :vb=: ...
@end example
And evaluate the following Lisp form:
If you have paragraphs with different levels of indentation, you will
have to set the fill prefix to the correct value each time you move to a
-new paragraph. To avoid this hassle, try one of the many packages
-available from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come
-with Emacs}.) Look up ``fill'' and ``indent'' in the Lisp Code
-Directory for guidance.
+new paragraph. There are many packages available to deal with this
+(@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). Look for ``fill'' and
+``indent'' keywords for guidance.
@node Matching parentheses, Hiding #ifdef lines, Automatic indentation, Common requests
@section How do I show which parenthesis matches the one I'm looking at?
@cindex Pairs of parentheses, highlighting
@cindex Matching parentheses
-As of version 19, Emacs comes with @file{paren.el}, which (when loaded)
-will automatically highlight matching parentheses whenever point (i.e.,
-the cursor) is located over one. To load @file{paren.el} automatically,
-include the line
-
-@lisp
-(require 'paren)
-@end lisp
-
-in your @file{.emacs} file. @email{shutkoa@@ugsolutions.com, Alan Shutko}
-reports that as of version 20.1, you must also call @code{show-paren-mode} in
-your @file{.emacs} file:
+Call @code{show-paren-mode} in your @file{.emacs} file:
@lisp
(show-paren-mode 1)
@end lisp
-Customize will let you turn on @code{show-paren-mode}. Use @kbd{M-x
-customize-group @key{RET} paren-showing @key{RET}}. From within
-Customize, you can also go directly to the ``paren-showing'' group.
+You can also enable this mode by selecting the @samp{Paren Match
+Highlighting} option from the @samp{Options} menu of the Emacs menu bar
+at the top of any Emacs frame.
-Alternatives to paren include:
+Alternatives to this mode include:
@itemize @bullet
@cindex Selectively displaying @code{#ifdef} code
@kbd{M-x hide-ifdef-mode}. (This is a minor mode.) You might also want
-to try @file{cpp.el}, available at the Emacs Lisp Archive
-(@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}).
+to investigate @file{cpp.el}, which is distributed with Emacs.
@node Repeating commands, Valid X resources, Hiding #ifdef lines, Common requests
-@section Is there an equivalent to the @code{.} (dot) command of vi?
-@cindex Repeating commands as with @code{vi}
-@cindex Command, repeat last
+@section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible?
+@cindex Repeating commands many times
+@cindex Commands, repeating many times
@cindex @code{.}, equivalent to @code{vi} command
-(@code{.} is the redo command in @code{vi}. It redoes the last
-insertion/deletion.)
-
As of Emacs 20.3, there is indeed a @code{repeat} command (@kbd{C-x z})
that repeats the last command. If you preface it with a prefix
argument, the prefix arg is applied to the command.
keyboard has these keys) to scan through all the different complex
commands you've typed.
-To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. (@inforef{Keyboard
-Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.)
+To repeat a set of commands, use keyboard macros. Use @kbd{C-x (} and
+@kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes the command and then
+type @kbd{C-x e}. (@inforef{Keyboard Macros, Keyboard Macros, emacs}.)
-If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command, use VIPER, a
-@code{vi} emulation mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to
-support it. (@xref{VIPER}.)
+If you're really desperate for the @code{.} command in @code{vi} that
+redoes the last insertion/deletion, use VIPER, a @code{vi} emulation
+mode which comes with Emacs, and which appears to support it.
+(@xref{VIPER}.)
@node Valid X resources, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Repeating commands, Common requests
@section What are the valid X resource settings (i.e., stuff in .Xdefaults)?
@cindex X resources
@cindex Setting X resources
-@inforef{Resources X, Resources X, emacs}.
+@inforef{X Resources, X Resources, emacs}.
You can also use a resource editor, such as editres (for X11R5 and
onwards), to look at the resource names for the menu bar, assuming Emacs
was compiled with the X toolkit.
@node Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Changing the length of a Tab, Valid X resources, Common requests
-@section How do I execute ("evaluate") a piece of Emacs Lisp code?
+@section How do I execute (``evaluate'') a piece of Emacs Lisp code?
@cindex Evaluating Lisp code
@cindex Lisp forms, evaluating
@end itemize
-@node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests
+@node Changing the length of a Tab, Inserting text at the beginning of each line, Evaluating Emacs Lisp code, Common requests
@section How do I change Emacs's idea of the @key{TAB} character's length?
@cindex Tab length
@cindex Length of tab character
-@cindex @code{default-tab-width}
+@cindex @code{default-tab-width}
Set the variable @code{default-tab-width}. For example, to set
@key{TAB} stops every 10 characters, insert the following in your
@key{TAB} characters. The latter controls what characters are inserted
when you press the @key{TAB} character in certain modes.
-@node Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests
-@section How do I insert @samp{>} at the beginning of every line?
+@node Inserting text at the beginning of each line, Underlining paragraphs, Changing the length of a Tab, Common requests
+@section How do I insert <some text> at the beginning of every line?
+@cindex Prefixing a region with some text
@cindex Prefix character, inserting in mail/news replies
@cindex Replies to mail/news, inserting a prefix character
@cindex @code{mail-yank-prefix}
@cindex News replies, inserting a prefix character
To do this to an entire buffer, type @kbd{M-< M-x replace-regexp
-@key{RET} ^ @key{RET} > @key{RET}}.
+@key{RET} ^ @key{RET} your text @key{RET}}.
To do this to a region, use @code{string-insert-rectangle}.
Set the mark (@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) at the beginning of the first line you
buffer, type @kbd{C-x h M-x string-insert-rectangle @key{RET}}.
If you are trying to prefix a yanked mail message with @samp{>}, you
-might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. Better yet, use
-the Supercite package (@pxref{Supercite}), which provides flexible
-citation for yanked mail and news messages; it is included in Emacs
-since version 19.20. @xref{Changing the included text prefix}, for
-additional information.
-
-@node Underlining paragraphs, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Inserting > at the beginning of each line, Common requests
-@section How do I insert "_^H" before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph?
+might want to set the variable @code{mail-yank-prefix}. In Message
+buffers, you can even use @kbd{M-;} to cite yanked messages (@kbd{M-;}
+runs the function @code{comment-region}, it is a general-purpose
+mechanism to comment regions) (@pxref{Changing the included text prefix}).
+
+@node Underlining paragraphs, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Inserting text at the beginning of each line, Common requests
+@section How do I insert @samp{_^H} before each character in a region to get an underlined paragraph?
@cindex Underlining a region of text
@cindex @code{underline-region}
Mark the region and then type @kbd{M-x underline-region @key{RET}}.
-@node Repeating a command as many times as possible, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests
-@section How do I repeat a command as many times as possible?
-@cindex Repeating commands many times
-@cindex Commands, repeating many times
-
-Use @kbd{C-x (} and @kbd{C-x )} to make a keyboard macro that invokes
-the command and then type @kbd{M-0 C-x e}.
-
-Any messages your command prints in the echo area will be suppressed.
-
-If you need to repeat a command a small number of times, you can use
-@kbd{C-x z}, see @ref{Repeating commands}.
-
-@node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Repeating a command as many times as possible, Common requests
+@node Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Underlining paragraphs, Common requests
@section How do I make Emacs behave like this: when I go up or down, the cursor should stay in the same column even if the line is too short?
@cindex @code{picture-mode}
@cindex Remaining in the same column, regardless of contents
@cindex Vertical movement in empty documents
-@kbd{M-x picture-mode}.
+Use @kbd{M-x picture-mode}.
+
+See also the variable @code{track-eol} and the command
+@code{set-goal-column} bound to @kbd{C-x C-n}
+(@pxref{Moving Point, , , emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}).
@node Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Using regular expressions, Forcing the cursor to remain in the same column, Common requests
@section How do I tell Emacs to iconify itself?
@cindex Suspending Emacs
@kbd{C-z} iconifies Emacs when running under X and suspends Emacs
-otherwise. @inforef{Misc X, Misc X, emacs}.
+otherwise. @inforef{Frame Commands, Frame Commands, emacs}.
@node Using regular expressions, Replacing text across multiple files, Forcing Emacs to iconify itself, Common requests
@section How do I use regexps (regular expressions) in Emacs?
@cindex Unix regeps, differences from Emacs
@cindex Text strings, putting regexps in
-@inforef{Regexps, Regexps, emacs}.
+@inforef{Regexp Backslash, Regexp Backslash, emacs}.
The @code{or} operator is @samp{\|}, not @samp{|}, and the grouping operators
are @samp{\(} and @samp{\)}. Also, the string syntax for a backslash is
files mentioned in the @file{TAGS} file. @inforef{Tags Search, Tags Search,
emacs}.
-As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x
-d}) supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace}, which allows
+As of Emacs 19.29, Dired mode (@kbd{M-x dired @key{RET}}, or @kbd{C-x d})
+supports the command @code{dired-do-query-replace} (@kbd{Q}), which allows
users to replace regular expressions in multiple files.
@node Documentation for etags, Disabling backups, Replacing text across multiple files, Common requests
You probably don't want to do this, since backups are useful, especially
when something goes wrong.
-To avoid seeing backup files (and other "uninteresting" files) in Dired,
+To avoid seeing backup files (and other ``uninteresting'' files) in Dired,
load @code{dired-x} by adding the following to your @file{.emacs} file:
@lisp
longer between auto-saves, which might annoy you less.
You might also want to look into Sebastian Kremer's @code{auto-save}
-package, available from the Lisp Code Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come
-with Emacs}). This
+package (@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). This
package also allows you to place all auto-save files in one directory,
such as @file{/tmp}.
error messages, inserts them into a special buffer called
@code{*compilation*}, and lets you visit the locus of each message in
the source. Type @kbd{C-x `} to step through the offending lines one by
-one. Click @kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the
+one (starting with Emacs 22, you can also use @kbd{M-g M-p} and
+@kbd{M-g M-n} to go to the previous and next matches directly). Click
+@kbd{Mouse-2} or press @key{RET} on a message text in the
@code{*compilation*} buffer to go to the line whose number is mentioned
in that message.
-But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-x
-goto-line @key{RET}}. Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line
-and go to that line.
+But if you indeed need to go to a certain text line, type @kbd{M-g M-g}
+(which is the default binding of the @code{goto-line} function starting
+with Emacs 22). Emacs will prompt you for the number of the line and go
+to that line.
You can do this faster by invoking @code{goto-line} with a numeric
-argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-x
-goto-line @key{RET}} will jump to line number 286 in the current
-buffer.
-
-If you need to use this command frequently, you might consider binding
-it to a key. The following snippet, if added to your @file{~/.emacs}
-file, will bind the sequence @kbd{C-x g} to @code{goto-line}:
-
-@lisp
- (global-set-key "\C-xg" 'goto-line)
-@end lisp
-
+argument that is the line's number. For example, @kbd{C-u 286 M-g M-g}
+will jump to line number 286 in the current buffer.
@node Modifying pull-down menus, Deleting menus and menu options, Going to a line by number, Common requests
@section How can I create or modify new pull-down menu options?
Each menu title (e.g., @samp{File}, @samp{Edit}, @samp{Buffers})
represents a local or global keymap. Selecting a menu title with the
-mouse displays that keymap's non-nil contents in the form of a menu.
+mouse displays that keymap's non-@code{nil} contents in the form of a menu.
So to add a menu option to an existing menu, all you have to do is add a
new definition to the appropriate keymap. Adding a @samp{Forward Word}
item to the @samp{Edit} menu thus requires the following Lisp code:
@lisp
-(define-key global-map
- [menu-bar edit forward]
+(define-key global-map
+ [menu-bar edit forward]
'("Forward word" . forward-word))
@end lisp
@cindex FAQ, @code{font-lock-mode}
@code{font-lock-mode} is the standard way to have Emacs perform syntax
-highlighting in the current buffer. With @code{font-lock-mode} turned
-on, different types of text will appear in different colors. For
-instance, if you turn on @code{font-lock-mode} in a programming mode,
+highlighting in the current buffer. It is enabled by default in Emacs
+22.1 and later.
+
+With @code{font-lock-mode} turned on, different types of text will
+appear in different colors. For instance, in a programming mode,
variables will appear in one face, keywords in a second, and comments in
a third.
hilit19 is now considered non-standard, although @file{hilit19.el} comes
with the stock Emacs distribution. It is no longer maintained.
-To turn @code{font-lock-mode} on within an existing buffer, use @kbd{M-x
-font-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
+To turn @code{font-lock-mode} off within an existing buffer, use
+@kbd{M-x font-lock-mode @key{RET}}.
-To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} when a particular major
-mode is invoked, set the major mode's hook. For example, to fontify all
-@code{c-mode} buffers, add the following to your @file{.emacs} file:
-
-@lisp
-(add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
-@end lisp
-
-To automatically invoke @code{font-lock-mode} for all major modes, you
-can turn on @code{global-font-lock-mode} by including the following line
-in your @file{.emacs} file:
+In Emacs 21 and earlier versions, you could use the following code in
+your @file{.emacs} file to turn on @code{font-lock-mode} globally:
@lisp
(global-font-lock-mode 1)
@end lisp
-@noindent
-This instructs Emacs to turn on font-lock mode in those buffers for
-which a font-lock mode definition has been provided (in the variable
-@code{font-lock-global-modes}). If you edit a file in
-@code{pie-ala-mode}, and no font-lock definitions have been provided for
-@code{pie-ala} files, then the above setting will have no effect on that
-particular buffer.
-
Highlighting a buffer with @code{font-lock-mode} can take quite a while,
and cause an annoying delay in display, so several features exist to
work around this.
@code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} with @kbd{C-h v} (or @kbd{M-x
describe-variable @key{RET}}).
-@cindex Lazy font-lock
-You might also want to investigate @code{fast-lock-mode} and
-@code{lazy-lock-mode}, versions of @code{font-lock-mode} that speed up
-highlighting. These are the alternatives for @code{jit-lock-mode} in
-versions of Emacs before 21.1. The advantage of @code{lazy-lock-mode}
-is that it only fontifies buffers when certain conditions are met, such
-as after a certain amount of idle time, or after you have finished
-scrolling through text. See the documentation for @code{lazy-lock-mode}
-by typing @kbd{C-h f @code{lazy-lock-mode}} (@kbd{M-x describe-function
-@key{RET} lazy-lock-mode @key{RET}}).
-
Also see the documentation for the function @code{font-lock-mode},
available by typing @kbd{C-h f font-lock-mode} (@kbd{M-x
describe-function @key{RET} font-lock-mode @key{RET}}).
-For more information on font-lock mode, take a look at the
-@code{font-lock-mode} FAQ, maintained by
-@email{jari.aalto@@ntc.nokia.com, Jari Aalto} at
-
-@uref{ftp://cs.uta.fi/pub/ssjaaa/ema-font.gui}
-
To print buffers with the faces (i.e., colors and fonts) intact, use
@kbd{M-x ps-print-buffer-with-faces} or @kbd{M-x
ps-print-region-with-faces}. You will need a way to send text to a
consult the documentation of the variables @code{ps-printer-name},
@code{ps-lpr-command}, and @code{ps-lpr-switches} for more details.
-@node Scrolling only one line, Replacing highlighted text, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests
+@node Scrolling only one line, Editing MS-DOS files, Turning on syntax highlighting, Common requests
@section How can I force Emacs to scroll only one line when I move past the bottom of the screen?
@cindex Scrolling only one line
-@cindex Reducing the increment when scrollng
-
-Place the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file:
-
-@lisp
-(setq scroll-step 1)
-@end lisp
+@cindex Reducing the increment when scrolling
-@inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}.
+Customize the @code{scroll-conservatively} variable with @kbd{M-x
+customize-variable @key{RET} scroll-conservatively @key{RET}} and set it
+to a large value like, say, 10000. For an explanation of what this
+means, @inforef{Scrolling, Scrolling, emacs}.
-@node Replacing highlighted text, Editing MS-DOS files, Scrolling only one line, Common requests
-@section How can I replace highlighted text with what I type?
-@cindex @code{delete-selection-mode}
-@cindex Replacing highlighted text
-@cindex Highlighing and replacing text
-
-Use @code{delete-selection-mode}, which you can start automatically by
-placing the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs} file:
+Alternatively, use the following Lisp form in your @file{.emacs}:
@lisp
-(delete-selection-mode t)
+(setq scroll-conservatively most-positive-fixnum)
@end lisp
-According to the documentation string for @code{delete-selection-mode}
-(which you can read using @kbd{M-x describe-function @key{RET}
-delete-selection-mode @key{RET}}):
-
-@quotation
-When ON, typed text replaces the selection if the selection is active.
-When OFF, typed text is just inserted at point.
-@end quotation
-
-This mode also allows you to delete (not kill) the highlighted region by
-pressing @key{DEL}.
-
-@node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Replacing highlighted text, Common requests
+@node Editing MS-DOS files, Filling paragraphs with a single space, Scrolling only one line, Common requests
@section How can I edit MS-DOS files using Emacs?
@cindex Editing MS-DOS files
@cindex MS-DOS files, editing
default, a backslash (@samp{\}) will appear in the mode line.
If you are running a version of Emacs before 20.1, get @code{crypt++}
-from the Emacs Lisp Archive (@pxref{Packages that do not come with
-Emacs}). Among other things, @code{crypt++} transparently modifies
-MS-DOS files as they are loaded and saved, allowing you to ignore the
-different conventions that Unix and MS-DOS have for delineating the end
-of a line.
+(@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}). Among other things,
+@code{crypt++} transparently modifies MS-DOS files as they are loaded
+and saved, allowing you to ignore the different conventions that Unix
+and MS-DOS have for delineating the end of a line.
-@node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests
+@node Filling paragraphs with a single space, Escape sequences in shell output, Editing MS-DOS files, Common requests
@section How can I tell Emacs to fill paragraphs with a single space after each period?
@cindex One space following periods
@cindex Single space following periods
@cindex Periods, one space following
-@email{ulm@@vsnhd1.cern.ch, Ulrich Mueller} suggests adding the
-following two lines to your @file{.emacs} file:
+Add the following line to your @file{.emacs} file:
@lisp
-(setq sentence-end "[.?!][]\"')@}]*\\($\\|[ \t]\\)[ \t\n]*")
(setq sentence-end-double-space nil)
@end lisp
-@node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests
+@node Escape sequences in shell output, , Filling paragraphs with a single space, Common requests
@section Why these strange escape sequences from @code{ls} from the Shell mode?
@cindex Escape sequences in @code{ls} output
@cindex @code{ls} in Shell mode
The file @file{etc/PROBLEMS} in the Emacs distribution lists various
known problems with building and using Emacs on specific platforms;
-type @kbd{C-h P} to read it.
+type @kbd{C-h C-e} to read it.
@menu
-* Problems with very large files::
-* ^M in the shell buffer::
-* Shell process exits abnormally::
-* Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows::
-* Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs::
-* Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode::
-* Problems talking to certain hosts::
-* Errors with init files::
-* Emacs ignores X resources::
-* Emacs ignores frame parameters::
-* Emacs takes a long time to visit files::
-* Editing files with $ in the name::
-* Shell mode loses the current directory::
-* Security risks with Emacs::
-* Dired claims that no file is on this line::
+* Problems with very large files::
+* ^M in the shell buffer::
+* Shell process exits abnormally::
+* Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows::
+* Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs::
+* Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode::
+* Problems talking to certain hosts::
+* Errors with init files::
+* Emacs ignores X resources::
+* Emacs ignores frame parameters::
+* Emacs takes a long time to visit files::
+* Editing files with $ in the name::
+* Shell mode loses the current directory::
+* Security risks with Emacs::
+* Dired claims that no file is on this line::
@end menu
@node Problems with very large files, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems, Bugs and problems
@cindex Files, maximum size
Old versions (i.e., anything before 19.29) of Emacs had problems editing
-files larger than 8 megabytes. As of version 19.29, the maximum buffer
-size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes. Emacs 20
-can be compiled on some 64-bit systems in a way that enlarges the buffer
-size up to 576,460,752,303,423,487 bytes, or 549,755,813 GBytes.
-
-If you are using a version of Emacs older than 19.29 and cannot upgrade,
-you will have to recompile. @email{lnz@@lucid.com, Leonard N. Zubkoff}
-suggests putting the following two lines in @file{src/config.h} before
-compiling Emacs to allow for 26-bit integers and pointers (and thus file
-sizes of up to 33,554,431 bytes):
-
-@example
-#define VALBITS 26
-#define GCTYPEBITS 5
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-This method may result in "ILLEGAL DATATYPE" and other random errors on
-some machines.
-
-@email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, David Gillespie} explains how this
-problems crops up; while his numbers are true only for pre-19.29
-versions of Emacs, the theory remains the same with current versions.
-
-@quotation
-Emacs is largely written in a dialect of Lisp; Lisp is a freely-typed
-language in the sense that you can put any value of any type into any
-variable, or return it from a function, and so on. So each value
-must carry a @dfn{tag} along with it identifying what kind of thing it
-is, e.g., integer, pointer to a list, pointer to an editing buffer, and
-so on. Emacs uses standard 32-bit integers for data objects, taking the
-top 8 bits for the tag and the bottom 24 bits for the value. So
-integers (and pointers) are somewhat restricted compared to true C
-integers and pointers.
-@end quotation
+files larger than 8 megabytes. In versions 19.29 and later, the maximum
+buffer size is at least 2^27-1, or 134,217,727 bytes, or 132 MBytes.
+And in Emacs 22, the maximum buffer size has been increased to
+268,435,455 bytes (or 256 MBytes) on 32-bit machines.
@node ^M in the shell buffer, Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with very large files, Bugs and problems
@section How do I get rid of @samp{^M} or echoed commands in my shell buffer?
(add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions 'shell-strip-ctrl-m)
@end smalllisp
-On a related note: If your shell is echoing your input line in the shell
-buffer, you might want to try the following command in your shell
-start-up file:
+On a related note: if your shell is echoing your input line in the shell
+buffer, you might want to customize the @code{comint-process-echoes}
+variable in your shell buffers, or try the following command in your
+shell start-up file:
@example
stty -icrnl -onlcr -echo susp ^Z
@end example
@node Shell process exits abnormally, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, ^M in the shell buffer, Bugs and problems
-@section Why do I get "Process shell exited abnormally with code 1"?
+@section Why do I get ``Process shell exited abnormally with code 1''?
@cindex Abnormal exits from @code{shell-mode}
@cindex @code{shell-mode} exits
@cindex Process shell exited
the problems in those cases.
@node Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems with Shell Mode on MS-Windows, Bugs and problems
-@section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type "emacs"?
+@section Where is the termcap/terminfo entry for terminal type @samp{emacs}?
@cindex Termcap
@cindex Terminfo
@cindex Emacs entries for termcap/terminfo
@end example
@node Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode, Problems talking to certain hosts, Termcap/Terminfo entries for Emacs, Bugs and problems
-@section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying "I-search:" and beeping?
+@section Why does Emacs spontaneously start displaying @samp{I-search:} and beeping?
@cindex Spontaneous entry into isearch-mode
@cindex isearch-mode, spontaneous entry into
@cindex Beeping without obvious reason
@end itemize
@node Errors with init files, Emacs ignores X resources, Problems talking to certain hosts, Bugs and problems
-@section Why does Emacs say "Error in init file"?
+@section Why does Emacs say @samp{Error in init file}?
@cindex Error in @file{.emacs}
@cindex Error in init file
@cindex Init file, errors in
@item @code{XFILESEARCHPATH}
@item @code{XUSERFILESEARCHPATH}
-@item @code{XAPPLRESDIR}
+@item @code{XAPPLRESDIR}
@end itemize
@item
then in the value of the @samp{XENVIRONMENT} environment variable,
-@itemize @minus
+@itemize @minus
@item
or if that is unset, in the file named
@item
or in files named @file{@var{lang}/Emacs} in directories listed in
@samp{XAPPLRESDIR} (where @var{lang} is the value of the @code{LANG}
-environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set,
+environment variable), if the @samp{LANG} environment variable is set,
@item
or in files named Emacs in the directories listed in @samp{XAPPLRESDIR}
@item
or in @file{~/@var{lang}/Emacs} (if the @code{LANG} environment variable
is set),
-@item
+@item
or in @file{~/Emacs},
@end itemize
with a shell metacharacter (@kbd{cd ../lib*}), Emacs will fail to
correctly guess the shell's new current directory. A huge variety of
fixes and enhancements to shell mode for this problem have been written
-to handle this problem. Check the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding a
-package with particular functionality}).
+to handle this problem (@pxref{Finding a package with particular
+functionality}).
You can tell Emacs the shell's current directory with the command
@kbd{M-x dirs}.
feature.
Emacs 18 allowed this feature by default; users could disable it by
-setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-nil value.
+setting the variable @code{inhibit-local-variables} to a non-@code{nil} value.
As of Emacs 19, Emacs has a list of local variables that create a
security risk. If a file tries to set one of them, it asks the user to
@end itemize
@node Dired claims that no file is on this line, , Security risks with Emacs, Bugs and problems
-@section Dired says, "no file on this line" when I try to do something.
+@section Dired says, @samp{no file on this line} when I try to do something.
@cindex Dired does not see a file
@c FIXME: I think this is fixed in Emacs 21, but I didn't have time to
be done by setting the locale. See your OS manual for more information.
The second approach involves changing the regular expression used by
-dired, @code{dired-move-to-filename-regexp}.
+dired, @code{directory-listing-before-filename-regexp}.
@c ------------------------------------------------------------
@node Compiling and installing Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages, Bugs and problems, Top
@cindex Compiling and installing Emacs
@menu
-* Installing Emacs::
-* Updating Emacs::
-* Problems building Emacs::
-* Linking with -lX11 fails::
+* Installing Emacs::
+* Updating Emacs::
+* Problems building Emacs::
+* Linking with -lX11 fails::
@end menu
@node Installing Emacs, Updating Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs, Compiling and installing Emacs
@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-@value{VER}.tar.gz}
The above will obviously change as new versions of Emacs come out. For
-instance, when Emacs 21.42 is released, it will most probably be
+instance, when Emacs 22.42 is released, it will most probably be
available as
-@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-21.42.tar.gz}
+@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs/emacs-22.42.tar.gz}
Again, you should use one of the GNU mirror sites (see @ref{Current GNU
distributions}, and adjust the URL accordingly) so as to reduce load on
@code{gunzip} has finished doing its job, a file by the name of
@file{emacs-@value{VER}.tar} should be in your build directory.
-@item
+@item
@code{tar}, the @dfn{tape archiving} program, which moves multiple files
into and out of archive files, or @dfn{tarfiles}. All of the files
comprising the Emacs source come in a single tarfile, and must be
@example
cd emacs-@value{VER} # change directory to emacs-@value{VER}
-./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system
-make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs
+./configure # configure Emacs for your particular system
+make # use Makefile to build components, then Emacs
@end example
If the @code{make} completes successfully, the odds are fairly good that
@file{libX11.a}. This may be missing.
On OpenWindows, you may need to use @code{add_services} to add the
-"OpenWindows Programmers" optional software category from the CD-ROM.
+``OpenWindows Programmers'' optional software category from the CD-ROM.
On HP-UX 8.0, you may need to run @code{update} again to load the
X11-PRG ``fileset''. This may be missing even if you specified ``all
@cindex Finding Emacs and related packages
@menu
-* Finding Emacs on the Internet::
-* Finding a package with particular functionality::
-* Packages that do not come with Emacs::
-* Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive::
-* Current GNU distributions::
-* Difference between Emacs and XEmacs::
-* Emacs for MS-DOS::
-* Emacs for Windows::
-* Emacs for OS/2::
-* Emacs for Atari ST::
-* Emacs for the Amiga ::
-* Emacs for NeXTSTEP::
-* Emacs for Apple computers::
-* Emacs for VMS and DECwindows::
-* Modes for various languages::
-* Translating names to IP addresses::
+* Finding Emacs on the Internet::
+* Finding a package with particular functionality::
+* Packages that do not come with Emacs::
+* Current GNU distributions::
+* Difference between Emacs and XEmacs::
+* Emacs for MS-DOS::
+* Emacs for Windows::
+* Emacs for OS/2::
+* Emacs for Atari ST::
+* Emacs for the Amiga ::
+* Emacs for NeXTSTEP::
+* Emacs for Apple computers::
+* Emacs for VMS and DECwindows::
+* Modes for various languages::
@end menu
@node Finding Emacs on the Internet, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages, Finding Emacs and related packages
@cindex Finding Emacs on the Internet
@cindex Snail mail, ordering Emacs via
@cindex Postal service, ordering Emacs via
-@cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs
-@cindex Internet, retreiving from
+@cindex Distribution, retrieving Emacs
+@cindex Internet, retrieving from
-Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for information
-on nearby archive sites and @file{etc/ORDERS} for mail orders. If you
-don't already have Emacs, see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how
-to get these files.
+Look in the files @file{etc/DISTRIB} and @file{etc/FTP} for
+information on nearby archive sites. If you don't already have Emacs,
+see @ref{Informational files for Emacs}, for how to get these files.
@xref{Installing Emacs}, for information on how to obtain and build the latest
version of Emacs, and see @ref{Current GNU distributions}, for a list of
@section How do I find a Emacs Lisp package that does XXX?
@cindex Package, finding
@cindex Finding an Emacs Lisp package
-@cindex Functionality, finding a particular package
+@cindex Functionality, finding a particular package
First of all, you should check to make sure that the package isn't
already available. For example, typing @kbd{M-x apropos @key{RET}
modify a Lisp package, see if the author has provided any hints in the
source code.
-If a package does not come with Emacs, check the Lisp Code Directory.
-The LCD was originally maintained by @email{brennan@@hal.com, Dave
-Brennan}, but was recently taken over by @email{toby@@world.std.com,
-toby knudsen}, who maintains @uref{http://www.emacs.org}. The LCD is
-currently being reorganized and updated, but you can meanwhile find many
-packages at @uref{ftp://ftp.emacs.org/pub}.
+The command @kbd{C-h p} (@code{finder-by-keyword}) allows you to browse
+the constituent Emacs packages.
-For now, you can search through the LCD with @file{lispdir.el}, which is
-in the process of being updated. Download it from the LCD, in the
-@file{emacs-lisp-attic/misc} directory, and then evaluate the following
-Lisp form (@pxref{Evaluating Emacs Lisp code}):
-
-@lisp
-(setq lisp-code-directory
- "/anonymous@@ftp.emacs.org:pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/LCD-datafile.gz"
- elisp-archive-host "ftp.emacs.org"
- elisp-archive-directory "/pub/emacs-lisp-attic/emacs-lisp/")
-@end lisp
+For advice on how to find extra packages that are not part of Emacs,
+see @ref{Packages that do not come with Emacs}.
-Once you have installed @file{lispdir.el}, you can use @kbd{M-x
-lisp-dir-apropos} to search the listing. For example, @kbd{M-x
-lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} ange-ftp @key{RET}} produces this output:
-
-@example
- GNU Emacs Lisp Code Directory Apropos --- "ange-ftp"
-"~/" refers to archive.cis.ohio-state.edu:pub/elisp-archive/
-
- ange-ftp (4.18) 15-Jul-1992
- Andy Norman, <ange@@hplb.hpl.hp.com>
- ~/packages/ange-ftp.tar.Z
- transparent FTP Support for GNU Emacs
- auto-save (1.19) 01-May-1992
- Sebastian Kremer, <sk@@thp.uni-koeln.de>
- ~/misc/auto-save.el.Z
- Safer autosaving with support for ange-ftp and /tmp
- ftp-quik (1.0) 28-Jul-1993
- Terrence Brannon, <tb06@@pl122f.eecs.lehigh.edu>
- ~/modes/ftp-quik.el.Z
- Quik access to dired'ing of ange-ftp and normal paths
-@end example
-
-@node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages
+@node Packages that do not come with Emacs, Current GNU distributions, Finding a package with particular functionality, Finding Emacs and related packages
@section Where can I get Emacs Lisp packages that don't come with Emacs?
@cindex Unbundled packages
@cindex Finding other packages
@cindex Lisp packages that do not come with Emacs
@cindex Packages, those that do not come with Emacs
-@cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, description of
-@cindex Archive, description of the Emacs Lisp
-
-First, check the Lisp Code Directory to find the name of the package you
-are looking for (@pxref{Finding a package with particular
-functionality}). Next, check local archives and the Emacs Lisp Archive
-to find a copy of the relevant files. If you still haven't found it,
-you can send e-mail to the author asking for a copy. If you find Emacs
-Lisp code that doesn't appear in the LCD, please submit a copy to the
-LCD (@pxref{Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive}).
+@cindex Emacs Lisp List
+@cindex Emacs Lisp Archive
-You can access the Emacs Lisp Archive at
+@uref{http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.html, The Emacs Lisp
+List (ELL)}, maintained by @email{stephen@@anc.ed.ac.uk, Stephen Eglen},
+aims to provide one compact list with links to all of the current Emacs
+Lisp files on the internet. The ELL can be browsed over the web, or
+from Emacs with @uref{http://www.anc.ed.ac.uk/~stephen/emacs/ell.el,
+the @file{ell} package}.
-@uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/}
+Many authors post their packages to the @uref{news:gnu.emacs.sources,
+Emacs sources newsgroup}. You can search the archives of this
+group with @uref{http://groups.google.com/group/gnu.emacs.sources, Google},
+or @uref{http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.sources, Gmane}, for example.
-@noindent
-or at
-
-@uref{http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/emacs-lisp}
+Several packages are stored in
+@uref{http://emacswiki.org/elisp/, the Lisp area of the Emacs Wiki}.
-@noindent
-Retrieve and read the file @file{README} first.
+For a long time, the Emacs Lisp Archive provided a central repository
+for Emacs packages. Sadly, it has not been active for some time,
+although you can still access the old files at
-@itemize @bullet
+@uref{http://www.club.cc.cmu.edu/pub/gnu/elisp-archive/}
-@item
-The archive maintainers do not have time to answer individual
-requests for packages or the list of packages in the archive. If you
-cannot use FTP or UUCP to access the archive yourself, try to find a
-friend who can, but please don't ask the maintainers.
+Read the file @file{etc/MORE.STUFF} for more information about
+external packages.
-@item
-Any files with names ending in @file{.Z}, @file{.z}, or @file{.gz} are
-compressed, so you should use "binary" mode in FTP to retrieve them.
-You should also use binary mode whenever you retrieve any files with
-names ending in @file{.elc}.
-
-@end itemize
-
-@node Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Current GNU distributions, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages
-@section How do I submit code to the Emacs Lisp Archive?
-@cindex Submitting code to the Emacs Lisp Archive
-@cindex Emacs Lisp Archive, submissions to
-@cindex Lisp Archive, submissions to
-@cindex Archive, submitting to the Emacs Lisp
-
-Guidelines and procedures for submission to the archive can be found in
-the file @file{GUIDELINES} in the archive directory (@pxref{Packages that
-do not come with Emacs}). It covers documentation, copyrights,
-packaging, submission, and the Lisp Code Directory Record. Anonymous
-FTP uploads are not permitted. Instead, all submissions are mailed to
-@email{elisp-archive@@cis.ohio-state.edu}. The @file{lispdir.el}
-package has a function named @code{submit-lcd-entry} which will help you
-with this.
-
-@node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Submitting to the Emacs Lisp Archive, Finding Emacs and related packages
+@node Current GNU distributions, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Packages that do not come with Emacs, Finding Emacs and related packages
@section Where can I get other up-to-date GNU stuff?
@cindex Current GNU distributions
@cindex Sources for current GNU distributions
@uref{http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html}
@node Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Emacs for MS-DOS, Current GNU distributions, Finding Emacs and related packages
-@section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly "Lucid Emacs")?
+@section What is the difference between Emacs and XEmacs (formerly Lucid Emacs)?
@cindex XEmacs
@cindex Difference Emacs and XEmacs
@cindex Lucid Emacs
@cindex Epoch
-First of all, they're both GNU Emacs. XEmacs is just as much a later
-version of GNU Emacs as the FSF-distributed version. This FAQ refers to
-the latest version to be distributed by the FSF as ``Emacs,'' partly
-because the XEmacs maintainers now refer to their product using the
-``XEmacs'' name, and partly because there isn't any accurate way to
-differentiate between the two without getting mired in paragraphs of
-legalese and history.
-
-XEmacs, which began life as Lucid Emacs, is based on an early version of
-Emacs 19 and Epoch, an X-aware version of Emacs 18.
-
-Emacs (i.e., the version distributed by the FSF) has a larger installed
-base and now always contains the MULE multilingual facilities.
-XEmacs can do some clever tricks with X and MS-Windows, such as
-putting arbitrary graphics in a buffer. Similar facilities have been
-implemented for Emacs as part of a new redisplay implementation for
-Emacs 21, and are available in the latest Emacs releases.
-Emacs and XEmacs each come with
-Lisp packages that are lacking in the other; RMS says that the FSF would
-include more packages that come with XEmacs, but that the XEmacs
-maintainers don't always keep track of the authors of contributed code,
-which makes it impossible for the FSF to have certain legal papers
-signed. (Without these legal papers, the FSF will not distribute Lisp
-packages with Emacs.) The two versions have some
-significant differences at the Lisp programming level.
-
-Many XEmacs features have found their way into recent versions of Emacs,
-and more features can be expected in the future, but there are still many
-differences between the two.
-
-The latest stable branch of XEmacs as of this writing is 21.1; you can
-get it at
-
-@uref{ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/xemacs-21.1.14.tar.gz}
-
-More information about XEmacs, including a list of frequently asked
-questions (FAQ), is available at
-
-@uref{http://www.xemacs.org/}
+XEmacs is a branch version of Emacs. It was first called Lucid Emacs,
+and was initially derived from a prerelease version of Emacs 19. In
+this FAQ, we use the name ``Emacs'' only for the official version.
+
+Emacs and XEmacs each come with Lisp packages that are lacking in the
+other. The two versions have some significant differences at the Lisp
+programming level. Their current features are roughly comparable,
+though the support for some operating systems, character sets and
+specific packages might be quite different.
+
+Some XEmacs code has been contributed to Emacs, and we would like to
+use other parts, but the earlier XEmacs maintainers did not always
+keep track of the authors of contributed code, which makes it
+impossible for the FSF to get copyright papers signed for that code.
+(The FSF requires these papers for all the code included in the Emacs
+release, aside from generic C support packages that retain their
+separate identity and are not integrated into the code of Emacs
+proper.)
+
+If you want to talk about these two versions and distinguish them,
+please call them ``Emacs'' and ``XEmacs.'' To contrast ``XEmacs''
+with ``GNU Emacs'' would be misleading, since XEmacs too has its
+origin in the work of the GNU Project. Terms such as ``Emacsen'' and
+``(X)Emacs'' are not wrong, but they are not very clear, so it
+is better to write ``Emacs and XEmacs.''
@node Emacs for MS-DOS, Emacs for Windows, Difference between Emacs and XEmacs, Finding Emacs and related packages
@section Where can I get Emacs for my PC running MS-DOS?
Windows 9X, Windows ME, and Windows 2000. More information is available
from
-@uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/emacs.README}
+@uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/emacs.README}
The binary itself is available in the files @file{em*.zip} in the
directory
-@uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu/}
+@uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu/}
If you prefer to compile Emacs for yourself, you can do so with the
current distribution directly. You will need a 386 (or
better) processor, and to be running MS-DOS 3.0 or later. According to
-@email{eliz@@is.elta.co.il, Eli Zaretskii} and
+@email{eliz@@gnu.org, Eli Zaretskii} and
@email{hankedr@@dms.auburn.edu, Darrel Hankerson}, you will need the
following:
You can get the latest release of DJGPP by retrieving all of
the files in
-@uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2*}
+@uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2*}
@item Unpacking program
The easiest way is to use @code{djtar} which comes with DJGPP v2.x,
@item make, mv, sed, and rm
All of these utilities are available at
-@uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/djgpp/v2gnu}
+@uref{ftp://ftp.delorie.com/pub/djgpp/current/v2gnu}
16-bit utilities can be found in GNUish, at
-@uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnu/gnuish}
+@uref{http://www.simtel.net/pub/gnuish/}
@noindent
(@code{mv} and @code{rm} are in the Fileutils package, @code{sed} and
regarding Emacs under MS-DOS.
For a list of other MS-DOS implementations of Emacs (and Emacs
-look-alikes), consult the list of "Emacs implementations and literature,"
+look-alikes), consult the list of ``Emacs implementations and literature,''
available at
@uref{ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.emacs/}
lack certain features, such as the Emacs Lisp extension language.
@node Emacs for Windows, Emacs for OS/2, Emacs for MS-DOS, Finding Emacs and related packages
-@section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows
+@section Where can I get Emacs for Microsoft Windows?
@cindex FAQ for NT Emacs
@cindex Emacs for MS-Windows
@cindex Microsoft Windows, Emacs for
@cindex Windows 9X, ME, NT, 2K, and CE, Emacs for
For information on Emacs for Windows 95 and NT, read the FAQ produced by
-@email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker}, available at
+@email{voelker@@cs.washington.edu, Geoff Voelker} and currently maintained
+by @email{ramprasad_i82@@yahoo.com, Ramprasad B}, available at
@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/windows/ntemacs.html}
Emacs 20.6 is ported for emx on OS/2 2.0 or 2.1, and is available at
-@uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/e206*.zip}
+@uref{ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/apps/editors/emacs/}
@noindent
and also at
-@uref{http://archiv.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emacs%2d20/}
+@uref{http://www.dotemacs.de/os2/emacs.html}
Instructions for installation, basic setup, and other useful information
for OS/2 users of Emacs can be found at
-@uref{http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~oheiabbd/emacs/emacs206-os2.html}
+@uref{http://home.snafu.de/ohei/emacs/emacs206-os2.html}
@node Emacs for Atari ST, Emacs for the Amiga , Emacs for OS/2, Finding Emacs and related packages
@section Where can I get Emacs for my Atari ST?
@cindex Atari ST, Emacs for
@cindex TOS, Emacs for
-Roland Schäuble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT
+Roland Sch@"auble reports that Emacs 18.58 running on plain TOS and MiNT
is available at
@uref{ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/Editors/Emacs-18-58/1858b-d3.zoo}.
Emacs.app is a NeXTSTEP version of Emacs 19.34 which supports colors,
menus, and multiple frames. You can get it from
-@uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz}
+@uref{ftp://next-ftp.peak.org/pub/next-ftp/next/apps/emacs/Emacs_for_NeXTstep.4.20a1.NIHS.b.tar.gz}
@node Emacs for Apple computers, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Emacs for NeXTSTEP, Finding Emacs and related packages
@section Where can I get Emacs for my Apple computer?
@cindex Apple computers, Emacs for
@cindex Macintosh, Emacs for
-An unofficial port of GNU Emacs 18.59 to the Macintosh is available at a
-number of ftp sites, the home being
-@uref{ftp://ftp.cs.cornell.edu/pub/parmet/Emacs-1.17.sit.bin}.
-
-A port of Emacs 20.4 is available at
-@uref{http://www.cs.hku.hk/~choi/emacs/index.html}.
-
Beginning with version 21.1, the Macintosh is supported in the official
Emacs distribution; see the files @file{mac/README} and
@file{mac/INSTALL} in the Emacs distribution for build instructions.
-Apple's forthcoming "OS X" is based largely on NeXTSTEP and OpenStep.
-@xref{Emacs for NeXTSTEP}, for more details about that version.
+Beginning with version 22.1, Emacs supports Mac OS X natively.
@node Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Modes for various languages, Emacs for Apple computers, Finding Emacs and related packages
@section Where do I get Emacs that runs on VMS under DECwindows?
@cindex VMS, Emacs for
Up-to-date information about GNU software (including Emacs) for VMS is
-available at @uref{http://vms.gnu.org/}.
+available at @uref{http://www.lp.se/gnu-vms/}.
-@node Modes for various languages, Translating names to IP addresses, Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages
+@node Modes for various languages, , Emacs for VMS and DECwindows, Finding Emacs and related packages
@section Where can I get modes for Lex, Yacc/Bison, Bourne shell, csh, C@t{++}, Objective-C, Pascal, Java, and Awk?
@cindex Awk, mode for
@cindex @code{awk-mode}
@cindex @code{cc-mode}
Most of these modes are now available in standard Emacs distribution.
-To get additional modes, look in the Lisp Code Directory (@pxref{Finding
-a package with particular functionality}). For C@t{++}, if you use
-@code{lisp-dir-apropos}, you must specify the pattern with something
-like @kbd{M-x lisp-dir-apropos @key{RET} c\+\+ @key{RET}}.@footnote{
-The backslashes in @samp{\+\+} are required because @kbd{M-x
-lisp-dir-apropos} expects a regular expression as its argument
-(@pxref{Using regular expressions}), and @samp{+} has a special meaning
-in regular expressions.}
+To get additional modes, see @ref{Finding a package with particular
+functionality}.
Barry Warsaw's @code{cc-mode} now works for C, C@t{++}, Objective-C, and
-Java code. You can get the latest version from the Emacs Lisp Archive;
-@pxref{Packages that do not come with Emacs} for details. A FAQ for
-@code{cc-mode} is available at
-@uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/cc-mode/}.
-
-@node Translating names to IP addresses, , Modes for various languages, Finding Emacs and related packages
-@section What is the IP address of XXX.YYY.ZZZ?
-@cindex Translating names to IP addresses
-@cindex IP addresses from names
-@cindex Using BIND to translate addresses
-@cindex DNS and IP addresses
-
-If you are on a Unix machine, try using the @samp{nslookup} command,
-included in the Berkeley BIND package. For example, to find the IP
-address of @samp{ftp.gnu.org}, you would type @code{nslookup
-ftp.gnu.org}.
-
-Your computer should then provide the IP address of that machine.
-
-If your site's nameserver is deficient, you can use IP addresses to FTP
-files. You can get this information by e-mail:
-
-@example
-To: dns@@[134.214.84.25] (to grasp.insa-lyon.fr)
-Body: ip XXX.YYY.ZZZ (or "help" for more information
- and options - no quotes)
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-or:
-
-@example
-To: resolve@@[147.31.254.130] (to laverne.cs.widener.edu)
-Body: site XXX.YYY.ZZZ
-@end example
+Java code. It is distributed with Emacs, but has
+@uref{http://cc-mode.sourceforge.net/, its own homepage}.
@c ------------------------------------------------------------
@node Major packages and programs, Key bindings, Finding Emacs and related packages, Top
@cindex Major packages and programs
@menu
-* VM::
-* Supercite::
-* Calc::
-* VIPER::
-* AUC-TeX::
-* BBDB::
-* Ispell::
-* w3-mode::
-* EDB::
-* Mailcrypt::
-* JDE::
-* Patch::
+* VM::
+* Supercite::
+* Calc::
+* VIPER::
+* AUCTeX::
+* BBDB::
+* Ispell::
+* Emacs/W3::
+* EDB::
+* Mailcrypt::
+* JDE::
+* Patch::
@end menu
@node VM, Supercite, Major packages and programs, Major packages and programs
@table @b
@item Author
-@email{kyle@@uunet.uu.net, Kyle Jones}
+@email{kyle_jones@@wonderworks.com, Kyle Jones}
@item Latest version
-6.72
+7.19
@item Distribution
@uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/vm.tar.gz}
-@item Informational newsgroup/mailing list
+@item Informational newsgroup
@uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.info}@*
-Subscription requests to @email{info-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@*
-Submissions to @email{info-vm@@uunet.uu.net}
-@item Bug reports newsgroup/mailing list
+@item Bug reports newsgroup
@uref{news:gnu.emacs.vm.bug}@*
-Subscription requests to @email{bug-vm-request@@uunet.uu.net}@*
-Submissions to @email{bug-vm@@uunet.uu.net}
+Or send reports to @email{bug-vm@@wonderworks.com}
@end table
-VM 6 works with Emacs 20.4, and may cause problems with Emacs 20.3 and
-below. (But note that many people seem to use Emacs 20.3 with VM 6,
-without any problems.) Risk-averse users might wish to try VM 5.97,
-available from @uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP
-site}.
+VM 7 works well with Emacs 21. Older versions of VM suitable for use
+with older versions of Emacs are available from
+@uref{ftp://ftp.wonderworks.com/pub/vm/, the same FTP site}.
+
@node Supercite, Calc, VM, Major packages and programs
@section Supercite --- mail and news citation package within Emacs
@table @b
@item Author
-@email{bwarsaw@@cen.com, Barry Warsaw}
+@email{barry@@python.org, Barry Warsaw}
@item Latest version
-3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs 20)
+3.54 (comes bundled with Emacs since version 20)
@item Distribution
@uref{http://www.python.org/emacs/supercite.tar.gz}
@email{daveg@@csvax.cs.caltech.edu, Dave Gillespie}
@item Latest version
-2.02f
+2.1 (part of Emacs since version 22.1)
@item Distribution
-@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/calc-2.02f.tar.gz}
+No separate distribution outside of Emacs. Older versions
+are available at @uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/calc/}.
@end table
as matrices, special functions, and statistics, but is more than
adequate as a replacement for @code{xcalc} and similar programs.
-@node VIPER, AUC-TeX, Calc, Major packages and programs
+@node VIPER, AUCTeX, Calc, Major packages and programs
@section VIPER --- @code{vi} emulation for Emacs
@cindex @code{vi} emulation
@cindex VIPER
4.3
@item Distribution
-@uref{ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/emacs-lisp/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z}
+@uref{ftp://www.club.cc.cmu.edu/pub/gnu/elisp-archive/modes/vip-mode.tar.Z}
@end table
-@node AUC-TeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs
-@section AUC TeX --- enhanced LaTeX mode with debugging facilities
+@node AUCTeX, BBDB, VIPER, Major packages and programs
+@section AUC@TeX{} --- enhanced @TeX{} modes with debugging facilities
@cindex Mode for @TeX{}
@cindex @TeX{} mode
-@cindex AUC-TeX mode for editing @TeX{}
+@cindex AUC@TeX{} mode for editing @TeX{}
@cindex Writing and debugging @TeX{}
+AUC@TeX{} is a set of sophisticated major modes for @TeX{}, LaTeX,
+ConTeXt, and Texinfo offering context-sensitive syntax highlighting,
+indentation, formatting and folding, macro completion, @TeX{} shell
+functionality, and debugging. Be also sure to check out
+@ref{Introduction, RefTeX, Introduction, reftex, Ref@TeX{} User Manual}.
+Current versions of AUC@TeX{} include the
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/preview-latex,preview-latex}
+package for WYSIWYG previews of various LaTeX constructs in the Emacs
+source buffer.
+
@table @b
@item Authors
-@email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup} and@*
-@email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen}
+@email{krab@@iesd.auc.dk, Kresten Krab Thorup}, @*
+@email{abraham@@dina.kvl.dk, Per Abrahamsen}, @* and others.
+
+@item Maintainer
+@email{dak@@gnu.org, David Kastrup}
@item Latest version
-9.9p
+11.82
@item Distribution
-@uref{ftp://sunsite.auc.dk/packages/auctex/auctex.tar.gz}
+@uref{ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/auctex/}
@item Web site
-@uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/auctex/}
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/}
@item Mailing list:
-Subscription requests to @email{auc-tex-request@@iesd.auc.dk}@*
-Submissions to @email{auc-tex@@iesd.auc.dk}@*
-Development team is at @email{auc-tex_mgr@@iesd.auc.dk}
+Subscription requests to @email{auctex-request@@gnu.org}@*
+Submissions to @email{auctex@@gnu.org}
@end table
-@node BBDB, Ispell, AUC-TeX, Major packages and programs
+@node BBDB, Ispell, AUCTeX, Major packages and programs
@section BBDB --- personal Info Rolodex integrated with mail/news readers
@cindex BBDB
@cindex Rolodex-like functionality
@table @b
@item Maintainer
-@email{simmonmt@@acm.org, Matt Simmons}
+@email{waider@@waider.ie, Ronan Waide}
@item Latest version
-2.00
+2.34
@item Distribution
-@uref{http://www.netcom.com/~simmonmt/bbdb/index.html}
+@uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/}
@item Mailing lists
-Subscription requests to @email{info-bbdb-request@@xemacs.org}@*
-Submissions to @email{info-bbdb@@xemacs.org}@*
-Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@xemacs.org}
+Subscription requests to @email{bbdb-info-request@@lists.sourceforge.net}@*
+Submissions to @email{bbdb-info@@lists.sourceforge.net}@*
+Release announcements: @email{bbdb-announce-request@@lists.sourceforge.net}
@end table
-@node Ispell, w3-mode, BBDB, Major packages and programs
+@node Ispell, Emacs/W3, BBDB, Major packages and programs
@section Ispell --- spell checker in C with interface for Emacs
@cindex Spell-checker
@cindex Checking spelling
@table @b
@item Author
-@email{geoff@@itcorp.com, Geoff Kuenning}
+@email{geoff@@cs.hmc.edu, Geoff Kuenning}
@item Latest version
-3.1.20
+3.3.02
@item Distribution
-@uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/ispell/ispell-3.1.20.tar.gz}@*
+@uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/tars/ispell-3.3.02.tar.gz}@*
@item Web site
@uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/ispell.html}
@end table
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item
-Do not ask Geoff to send you the latest version of Ispell. He does not
-have free e-mail.
-
-@item
This Ispell program is distinct from GNU Ispell 4.0. GNU Ispell 4.0 is
no longer a supported product.
-@end itemize
-
-@node w3-mode, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs
-@section w3-mode --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs
+@node Emacs/W3, EDB, Ispell, Major packages and programs
+@section Emacs/W3 --- A World Wide Web browser inside of Emacs
@cindex WWW browser
@cindex Web browser
@cindex HTML browser in Emacs
@table @b
@item Author
-@email{wmperry@@spry.com, Bill Perry}
+@email{wmperry@@gnu.org, Bill Perry}
+
+@item Maintainer
+Emacs/W3 needs a maintainer. It has lain dormant for several years. If
+you would like to take over the project, please contact
+@email{maintainers@@gnu.org}.
@item Latest version
-4.0pre.39
+4.0pre.47
@item Distribution
-@uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu/pub/elisp/w3/w3.tar.gz}
+@uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/w3}
@item Mailing lists
-Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce-request@@indiana.edu}@*
-Become a beta tester at @email{w3-beta-request@@indiana.edu}@*
-Help to develop @code{w3-mode} at @email{w3-dev@@indiana.edu}
+Receive announcements from @email{w3-announce@@gnu.org}@*
+Help to develop Emacs/W3 at @email{w3-dev@@gnu.org}
@end table
-@node EDB, Mailcrypt, w3-mode, Major packages and programs
+@node EDB, Mailcrypt, Emacs/W3, Major packages and programs
@section EDB --- Database program for Emacs; replaces forms editing modes
@cindex EDB
@cindex Database
@email{jin@@atype.com, Jin S. Choi}
@item Maintainer
-@email{lbudney@@pobox.com, Len Budney}
+@email{warner-mailcrypt@@lothar.com, Brian Warner}
@item Latest version
-3.5.3
+3.5.8
@item Distribution
-@uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.3.tar.gz}
+@uref{http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/mailcrypt/mailcrypt-3.5.8.tar.gz}
@item Web site
-@uref{http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/mailcrypt.html}
+@uref{http://mailcrypt.sourceforge.net/}
@end table
+Note that a new package called PGG is bundled with Emacs starting with
+version 22.1. It is a modern interface to various PGP implementations,
+including @uref{http://www.gnupg.org/, The GNU Privacy Guard} and
+supports symmetric encryption.
+
@node JDE, Patch, Mailcrypt, Major packages and programs
@section JDE --- Integrated development environment for Java
@cindex Java development environment
@item Author
@email{paulk@@mathworks.com, Paul Kinnucan}
-@item Mailing list
-jde-subscribe@@sunsite.auc.dk
-
@item Latest version
-2.1.1
+2.3.5
@item Web site
-@uref{http://sunsite.auc.dk/jde/}
+@uref{http://jdee.sunsite.dk/}
+
+@item Mailing lists
+Subscription requests to @email{jde-subscribe@@sunsite.dk}@*
+Receive announcements from @email{jde-announce-subscribe@@sunsite.dk}
@end table
@node Patch, , JDE, Major packages and programs
-@section Patch --- program to apply "diffs" for updating files
+@section Patch --- program to apply ``diffs'' for updating files
@cindex Updating files with diffs
@cindex Patching source files with diffs
@cindex Diffs and patching
@cindex Key bindings
@menu
-* Binding keys to commands::
-* Invalid prefix characters::
-* Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun::
-* Using function keys under X::
-* Working with function and arrow keys::
-* X key translations for Emacs::
-* Handling C-s and C-q with flow control::
-* Binding C-s and C-q::
-* Backspace invokes help::
-* stty and Backspace key::
-* Swapping keys::
-* Producing C-XXX with the keyboard::
-* No Meta key::
-* No Escape key::
-* Compose Character::
-* Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys::
-* Meta key does not work in xterm::
-* ExtendChar key does not work as Meta::
+* Binding keys to commands::
+* Invalid prefix characters::
+* Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun::
+* Using function keys under X::
+* Working with function and arrow keys::
+* X key translations for Emacs::
+* Handling C-s and C-q with flow control::
+* Binding C-s and C-q::
+* Backspace invokes help::
+* stty and Backspace key::
+* Swapping keys::
+* Producing C-XXX with the keyboard::
+* No Meta key::
+* No Escape key::
+* Compose Character::
+* Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys::
+* Meta key does not work in xterm::
+* ExtendChar key does not work as Meta::
+* SPC no longer completes file names::
@end menu
@node Binding keys to commands, Invalid prefix characters, Key bindings, Key bindings
@inforef{Key Bindings, Key Bindings, emacs}, for further details.
-To make the process of binding keys interactively eaiser, use the
+To make the process of binding keys interactively easier, use the
following ``trick'': First bind the key interactively, then immediately
type @kbd{C-x @key{ESC} @key{ESC} C-a C-k C-g}. Now, the command needed
to bind the key is in the kill ring, and can be yanked into your
@noindent
can be placed directly into the @file{.emacs} file. If the key binding is
-local, the command is used in conjunction with the "add-hook" command.
-For example, in tex-mode, a local binding might be
+local, the command is used in conjunction with the @samp{add-hook} function.
+For example, in TeX mode, a local binding might be
@lisp
(add-hook 'tex-mode-hook
@end itemize
@node Invalid prefix characters, Terminal setup code works after Emacs has begun, Binding keys to commands, Key bindings
-@section Why does Emacs say "Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters"?
+@section Why does Emacs say @samp{Key sequence XXX uses invalid prefix characters}?
@cindex Prefix characters, invalid
@cindex Invalid prefix characters
@cindex Misspecified key sequences
@cindex Help invoked by Backspace
@cindex DEL key does not delete
-The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates ASCII code 8.
+The @key{Backspace} key (on most keyboards) generates @acronym{ASCII} code 8.
@kbd{C-h} sends the same code. In Emacs by default @kbd{C-h} invokes
help-command. This is intended to be easy to remember since the first
letter of @samp{help} is @samp{h}. The easiest solution to this problem
(global-set-key "\C-h" 'delete-backward-char)
;;; overrides mark-whole-buffer
-(global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command)
+(global-set-key "\C-xh" 'help-command)
@end lisp
@noindent
@cindex Keys, swapping
@cindex @code{keyboard-translate}
-In Emacs 19, you can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the
-@code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h} into
-@key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use
+You can swap two keys (or key sequences) by using the
+@code{keyboard-translate} function. For example, to turn @kbd{C-h}
+into @key{DEL} and @key{DEL} to @kbd{C-h}, use
@lisp
(keyboard-translate ?\C-h ?\C-?) ; translate `C-h' to DEL
produced by the keyboard; the second, what is matched for in the
keymaps.
+However, in the specific case of @kbd{C-h} and @key{DEL}, you should
+toggle @code{normal-erase-is-backspace-mode} instead of calling
+@code{keyboard-translate}. @inforef{DEL Does Not Delete, DEL Does Not Delete,
+emacs}.
+
Keyboard translations are not the same as key bindings in keymaps.
Emacs contains numerous keymaps that apply in different situations, but
there is only one set of keyboard translations, and it applies to every
looked up in keymaps contain the characters that result from keyboard
translation.
-@inforef{Keyboard Translations, Keyboard Translations, emacs}.
-
@node Producing C-XXX with the keyboard, No Meta key, Swapping keys, Key bindings
@section How do I produce C-XXX with my keyboard?
@cindex Producing control characters
@cindex Generating control characters
@cindex Control characters, generating
-On terminals (but not under X), some common "aliases" are:
+On terminals (but not under X), some common ``aliases'' are:
@table @asis
@cindex Lacking an Escape key
@cindex Escape key, lacking
-Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send ASCII code 27 just like an
+Type @kbd{C-[} instead. This should send @acronym{ASCII} code 27 just like an
Escape key would. @kbd{C-3} may also work on some terminal (but not
under X). For many terminals (notably DEC terminals) @key{F11}
generates @key{ESC}. If not, the following form can be used to bind it:
@lisp
;;; F11 is the documented ESC replacement on DEC terminals.
-(define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e])
+(define-key function-key-map [f11] [?\e])
@end lisp
@node Compose Character, Binding combinations of modifiers and function keys, No Escape key, Key bindings
@item
Not all modifiers are permitted in all situations. @key{Hyper},
@key{Super}, and @key{Alt} are not available on Unix character
-terminals. Non-ASCII keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and
+terminals. Non-@acronym{ASCII} keys and mouse events (e.g. @kbd{C-=} and
@kbd{Mouse-1}) also fall under this category.
@end itemize
@cindex @key{Meta} key and @code{xterm}
@cindex Xterm and @key{Meta} key
-@inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-Byte Character Set
-Support, emacs}.
+@inforef{Unibyte Mode, Single-Byte Character Set Support, emacs}.
If the advice in the Emacs manual fails, try all of these methods before
asking for further help:
find out what keysym your @key{Meta} key generates. It should be either
@code{Meta_L} or @code{Meta_R}. If it isn't, use @file{xmodmap} to fix
the situation. If @key{Meta} does generate @code{Meta_L} or
-@code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-ASCII character, put this in
+@code{Meta_R}, but @kbd{M-x} produces a non-@acronym{ASCII} character, put this in
your @file{~/.Xdefaults} file:
@example
@end itemize
-@node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, , Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings
+@node ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, SPC no longer completes file names, Meta key does not work in xterm, Key bindings
@section Why doesn't my @key{ExtendChar} key work as a @key{Meta} key under HP-UX 8.0 and 9.x?
@cindex @key{ExtendChar} key as @key{Meta}
@cindex @key{Meta}, using @key{ExtendChar} for
This will disable the use of the extra keysyms systemwide, which may be
undesirable if you actually intend to use them.
+@node SPC no longer completes file names, , ExtendChar key does not work as Meta, Key bindings
+@section Why doesn't SPC complete file names anymore?
+@cindex @kbd{SPC} file name completion
+
+Starting with Emacs 22.1, @kbd{SPC} no longer completes file names in
+the minibuffer, so that file names with embedded spaces could be typed
+without the need to quote the spaces.
+
+You can get the old behavior by binding @kbd{SPC} to
+@code{minibuffer-complete-word} in the minibuffer, as follows:
+
+@lisp
+(define-key minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map (kbd "SPC")
+ 'minibuffer-complete-word)
+
+(define-key minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map (kbd "SPC")
+ 'minibuffer-complete-word)
+@end lisp
+
@c ------------------------------------------------------------
@node Alternate character sets, Mail and news, Key bindings, Top
@chapter Alternate character sets
@cindex Alternate character sets
@menu
-* Emacs does not display 8-bit characters::
-* Inputting eight-bit characters::
-* Kanji and Chinese characters::
-* Right-to-left alphabets::
+* Emacs does not display 8-bit characters::
+* Inputting eight-bit characters::
+* Kanji and Chinese characters::
+* Right-to-left alphabets::
@end menu
@node Emacs does not display 8-bit characters, Inputting eight-bit characters, Alternate character sets, Alternate character sets
@cindex Displaying eight-bit characters
@cindex Eight-bit characters, displaying
-@inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set
+@inforef{Unibyte Mode, Single-byte Character Set
Support, emacs}. On a Unix, when Emacs runs on a text-only terminal
display or is invoked with @samp{emacs -nw}, you typically need to use
@code{set-terminal-coding-system} to tell Emacs what the terminal can
display, even after setting the language environment; otherwise
-non-ASCII characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating
+non-@acronym{ASCII} characters will display as @samp{?}. On other operating
systems, such as MS-DOS and MS-Windows, Emacs queries the OS about the
character set supported by the display, and sets up the required
terminal coding system automatically.
@cindex Input, 8-bit characters
Various methods are available for input of eight-bit characters. See
-@inforef{Single-Byte Character Support, Single-byte Character Set
+@inforef{Unibyte Mode, Single-byte Character Set
Support, emacs}. For more sophisticated methods, @inforef{Input
Methods, Input Methods, emacs}.
@cindex Mail and news
@menu
-* Changing the included text prefix::
-* Saving a copy of outgoing mail::
-* Expanding aliases when sending mail::
-* Rmail thinks all messages are one big one::
-* Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder::
-* Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail::
-* Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them::
-* Replying to the sender of a message::
-* MIME with Emacs mail packages::
-* Automatically starting a mail or news reader::
-* Reading news with Emacs::
-* Gnus does not work with NNTP::
-* Viewing articles with embedded underlining::
-* Saving a multi-part Gnus posting::
-* Starting Gnus faster::
-* Catching up in all newsgroups::
-* Killing based on nonstandard headers::
-* Removing flashing messages::
-* Catch-up is slow in Gnus::
-* Gnus hangs for a long time::
-* Learning more about Gnus::
+* Changing the included text prefix::
+* Saving a copy of outgoing mail::
+* Expanding aliases when sending mail::
+* Rmail thinks all messages are one big one::
+* Sorting the messages in an Rmail folder::
+* Rmail writes to /usr/spool/mail::
+* Recovering mail files when Rmail munges them::
+* Replying to the sender of a message::
+* MIME with Emacs mail packages::
+* Automatically starting a mail or news reader::
+* Reading news with Emacs::
+* Gnus does not work with NNTP::
+* Viewing articles with embedded underlining::
+* Saving a multi-part Gnus posting::
+* Starting Gnus faster::
+* Catching up in all newsgroups::
+* Killing based on nonstandard headers::
+* Removing flashing messages::
+* Catch-up is slow in Gnus::
+* Gnus hangs for a long time::
+* Learning more about Gnus::
@end menu
@node Changing the included text prefix, Saving a copy of outgoing mail, Mail and news, Mail and news
@end lisp
@node MIME with Emacs mail packages, Automatically starting a mail or news reader, Replying to the sender of a message, Mail and news
-@section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME?
+@section How can I get my favorite Emacs mail package to support MIME?
@cindex MIME and Emacs mail packages
@cindex Mail packages and MIME
@cindex FAQ for MIME and Emacs
-Read the Emacs MIME FAQ, maintained by @email{trey@@cs.berkeley.edu,
-MacDonald Hall Jackson} at
-
-@uref{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/~trey/emacs/mime.html}
-
Version 6.x of VM supports MIME. @xref{VM}. Gnus supports MIME in mail
and news messages as of version 5.8.1 (Pterodactyl). Rmail has limited
support for single-part MIME messages beginning with Emacs 20.3.
@section Where can I find out more about Gnus?
@cindex FAQ for Gnus
@cindex Gnus FAQ
-@cindex Learning more about GNU
+@cindex Learning more about Gnus
-Look for the Gnus FAQ, available at
-
-@uref{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/contrib/gnus/}
+For more information on Gnus, consult the Gnus manual and FAQ, which are
+part of the Gnus distribution.
@node Concept index, , Mail and news, Top
@unnumbered Concept Index
@contents
@bye
+
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: fee0d62d-06cf-43d8-ac21-123408eaf10f
+@end ignore