@documentencoding UTF-8
@copying
-Copyright @copyright{} 1995-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1995--2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''.
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have the freedom to copy and
-modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in
-developing GNU and promoting software freedom.''
+modify this GNU manual.''
@end quotation
@end copying
variable defaults to @code{gnus-subscribe-alphabetically}.
The ``options -n'' format is very simplistic. The syntax above is all
-that is supports -- you can force-subscribe hierarchies, or you can
+that is supports: you can force-subscribe hierarchies, or you can
deny hierarchies, and that's it.
@vindex gnus-options-not-subscribe
very old articles that will never be expired and the recent ones. In
such a case, the server will return the data like @code{(1 . 30000000)}
for the @code{LIST ACTIVE group} command, for example. Even if there
-are actually only the articles 1-10 and 29999900-30000000, Gnus doesn't
+are actually only the articles 1--10 and 29999900--30000000, Gnus doesn't
know it at first and prepares for getting 30000000 articles. However,
it will consume hundreds megabytes of memories and might make Emacs get
stuck as the case may be. If you use such news servers, set the
variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} to a positive number.
The value means that Gnus ignores articles other than this number of the
latest ones in every group. For instance, the value 10000 makes Gnus
-get only the articles 29990001-30000000 (if the latest article number is
+get only the articles 29990001--30000000 (if the latest article number is
30000000 in a group). Note that setting this variable to a number might
prevent you from reading very old articles. The default value of the
variable @code{gnus-newsgroup-maximum-articles} is @code{nil}, which
@kbd{C-k} on it. This is like the ``cut'' part of cut and paste. Then,
move the cursor to the beginning of the buffer (just below the ``Gnus''
topic) and hit @kbd{C-y}. This is like the ``paste'' part of cut and
-paste. Like I said -- E-Z.
+paste. Like I said---E-Z.
You can use @kbd{C-k} and @kbd{C-y} on groups as well as on topics. So
you can move topics around as well as groups.
@vindex nntp-nov-gap
@code{nntp} normally sends just one big request for @acronym{NOV} lines to
the server. The server responds with one huge list of lines. However,
-if you have read articles 2-5000 in the group, and only want to read
+if you have read articles 2--5000 in the group, and only want to read
article 1 and 5001, that means that @code{nntp} will fetch 4999 @acronym{NOV}
lines that you will not need. This variable says how
big a gap between two consecutive articles is allowed to be before the
If you are a member of a couple of mailing lists, you will sometimes
receive two copies of the same mail. This can be quite annoying, so
@code{nnmail} checks for and treats any duplicates it might find. To do
-this, it keeps a cache of old @code{Message-ID}s---
+this, it keeps a cache of old @code{Message-ID}s:
@code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file}, which is @file{~/.nnmail-cache} by
default. The approximate maximum number of @code{Message-ID}s stored
there is controlled by the @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-length}
@table @code
@item nnmbox
-UNIX systems have historically had a single, very common, and well-
-defined format. All messages arrive in a single @dfn{spool file}, and
+UNIX systems have historically had a single, very common, and well-defined
+format. All messages arrive in a single @dfn{spool file}, and
they are delineated by a line whose regular expression matches
@samp{^From_}. (My notational use of @samp{_} is to indicate a space,
to make it clear in this instance that this is not the RFC-specified
AND, OR, and NOT are supported, and parentheses can be used to control
operator precedence, e.g., (emacs OR xemacs) AND linux. Note that
operators must be written with all capital letters to be
-recognized. Also preceding a term with a - sign is equivalent to NOT
+recognized. Also preceding a term with a @minus{} sign is equivalent to NOT
term.
@item Automatic AND queries
recognized.
@item Required and excluded terms
-+ and - can be used to require or exclude terms, e.g., football -american
++ and @minus{} can be used to require or exclude terms, e.g., football
+@minus{}american
@item Unicode handling
The search engine converts all text to utf-8, so searching should work
@table @code
@item nnir-method-default-engines
-Alist of server backend - search engine pairs. The default associations
+Alist of pairs of server backends and search engines. The default associations
are
@example
(nnimap . imap)
possible names is listed below.
The @dfn{value} (i.e., the @dfn{split}) says how much space each buffer
-should occupy. To take the @code{article} split as an example -
+should occupy. To take the @code{article} split as an example:
@lisp
(article (vertical 1.0 (summary 0.25 point)
On the January 31th 2012, Ma Gnus was begun.
-If you happen upon a version of Gnus that has a prefixed name --
-``(ding) Gnus'', ``September Gnus'', ``Red Gnus'', ``Quassia Gnus'',
-``Pterodactyl Gnus'', ``Oort Gnus'', ``No Gnus'', ``Ma Gnus'' -- don't
+If you happen upon a version of Gnus that has a prefixed name---``(ding)
+Gnus'', ``September Gnus'', ``Red Gnus'', ``Quassia Gnus'',
+``Pterodactyl Gnus'', ``Oort Gnus'', ``No Gnus'', ``Ma Gnus''---don't
panic. Don't let it know that you're frightened. Back away. Slowly.
Whatever you do, don't run. Walk away, calmly, until you're out of
its reach. Find a proper released version of Gnus and snuggle up to
various changes to the format of news articles. The Gnus towers will
look into implementing the changes when the draft is accepted as an RFC.
-@item MIME - RFC 2045-2049 etc
+@item MIME---RFC 2045--2049 etc
@cindex @acronym{MIME}
All the various @acronym{MIME} RFCs are supported.
-@item Disposition Notifications - RFC 2298
+@item Disposition Notifications---RFC 2298
Message Mode is able to request notifications from the receiver.
-@item PGP - RFC 1991 and RFC 2440
+@item PGP---RFC 1991 and RFC 2440
@cindex RFC 1991
@cindex RFC 2440
RFC 1991 is the original @acronym{PGP} message specification,
encoding (signing and encryption) and decoding (verification and
decryption).
-@item PGP/MIME - RFC 2015/3156
+@item PGP/MIME---RFC 2015/3156
RFC 2015 (superseded by 3156 which references RFC 2440 instead of RFC
1991) describes the @acronym{MIME}-wrapping around the RFC 1991/2440 format.
Gnus supports both encoding and decoding.
-@item S/MIME - RFC 2633
+@item S/MIME---RFC 2633
RFC 2633 describes the @acronym{S/MIME} format.
-@item IMAP - RFC 1730/2060, RFC 2195, RFC 2086, RFC 2359, RFC 2595, RFC 1731
+@item IMAP---RFC 1730/2060, RFC 2195, RFC 2086, RFC 2359, RFC 2595, RFC 1731
RFC 1730 is @acronym{IMAP} version 4, updated somewhat by RFC 2060
(@acronym{IMAP} 4 revision 1). RFC 2195 describes CRAM-MD5
authentication for @acronym{IMAP}. RFC 2086 describes access control
unstable and should not be used by casual users. Gnus alpha releases
have names like ``Oort Gnus'' and ``No Gnus''. @xref{Gnus Versions}.
-After futzing around for 10-100 alpha releases, Gnus is declared
+After futzing around for 10--100 alpha releases, Gnus is declared
@dfn{frozen}, and only bug fixes are applied. Gnus loses the prefix,
and is called things like ``Gnus 5.10.1'' instead. Normal people are
supposed to be able to use these, and these are mostly discussed on the
@item
Gnus supports @acronym{PGP} (RFC 1991/2440), @acronym{PGP/MIME} (RFC
-2015/3156) and @acronym{S/MIME} (RFC 2630-2633).
+2015/3156) and @acronym{S/MIME} (RFC 2630--2633).
It needs an external @acronym{S/MIME} and OpenPGP implementation, but no
additional Lisp libraries. This add several menu items to the
@item level
@cindex levels
-Each group is subscribed at some @dfn{level} or other (1-9). The ones
+Each group is subscribed at some @dfn{level} or other (1--9). The ones
that have a lower level are ``more'' subscribed than the groups with a
-higher level. In fact, groups on levels 1-5 are considered
-@dfn{subscribed}; 6-7 are @dfn{unsubscribed}; 8 are @dfn{zombies}; and 9
+higher level. In fact, groups on levels 1--5 are considered
+@dfn{subscribed}; 6--7 are @dfn{unsubscribed}; 8 are @dfn{zombies}; and 9
are @dfn{killed}. Commands for listing groups and scanning for new
articles will all use the numeric prefix as @dfn{working level}.
Some back ends could be said to be @dfn{server-forming} back ends, and
some might be said not to be. The latter are back ends that generally
-only operate on one group at a time, and have no concept of ``server''
----they have a group, and they deliver info on that group and nothing
+only operate on one group at a time, and have no concept of ``server'';
+they have a group, and they deliver info on that group and nothing
more.
Gnus identifies each message by way of group name and article number. A