@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
+@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top
@chapter Multiple Windows
Each Emacs window displays one Emacs buffer at any time. A single
buffer may appear in more than one window; if it does, any changes in
-its text are displayed in all the windows where it appears. But the
-windows showing the same buffer can show different parts of it, because
-each window has its own value of point.
+its text are displayed in all the windows where it appears. But these
+windows can show different parts of the buffer, because each window
+has its own value of point.
@cindex selected window
- At any time, one of the windows is the @dfn{selected window}; the
+ At any time, one Emacs window is the @dfn{selected window}; the
buffer this window is displaying is the current buffer. The terminal's
cursor shows the location of point in this window. Each other window
-has a location of point as well, but since the terminal has only one
-cursor there is no way to show where those locations are. When multiple
-frames are visible in X, each frame has a cursor which appears in the
-frame's selected window. The cursor in the selected frame is solid; the
-cursor in other frames is a hollow box.
+has a location of point as well. On text-only terminals, there is no
+way to show where those locations are, since the terminal has only one
+cursor. On a graphical display, the location of point in a
+non-selected window is indicated by a hollow box; the cursor in the
+selected window is blinking or solid.
Commands to move point affect the value of point for the selected Emacs
-window only. They do not change the value of point in any other Emacs
-window, even one showing the same buffer. The same is true for commands
-such as @kbd{C-x b} to change the selected buffer in the selected window;
+window only. They do not change the value of point in other Emacs
+windows, even those showing the same buffer. The same is true for commands
+such as @kbd{C-x b} to switch buffers in the selected window;
they do not affect other windows at all. However, there are other commands
such as @kbd{C-x 4 b} that select a different window and switch buffers in
it. Also, all commands that display information in a window, including
Each window has its own mode line, which displays the buffer name,
modification status and major and minor modes of the buffer that is
-displayed in the window. @xref{Mode Line}, for full details on the mode
-line.
+displayed in the window. The selected window's mode line appears in a
+different color. @xref{Mode Line}, for full details on the mode line.
@iftex
@break
@findex split-window-horizontally
@kbd{C-x 3} (@code{split-window-horizontally}) breaks the selected
window into two side-by-side windows. A numeric argument specifies how
-many columns to give the one on the left. A line of vertical bars
-separates the two windows. Windows that are not the full width of the
-screen have mode lines, but they are truncated. On terminals where
-Emacs does not support highlighting, truncated mode lines sometimes do
-not appear in inverse video.
+many columns to give the one on the left. If you are not using
+scrollbars, a vertical line separates the two windows.
+You can customize its color with the face @code{vertical-border}.
+Windows that are not the full width of the screen have mode lines, but
+they are truncated. On terminals where Emacs does not support
+highlighting, truncated mode lines sometimes do not appear in inverse
+video.
@kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)}
You can split a window horizontally or vertically by clicking
@kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the mode line or the scroll bar. The line of
splitting goes through the place where you click: if you click on the
mode line, the new scroll bar goes above the spot; if you click in the
-scroll bar, the mode line of the split window is side by side with your
-click.
+scroll bar, the mode line of the split window is side by side with
+your click.
@vindex truncate-partial-width-windows
- When a window is less than the full width, text lines too long to fit are
-frequent. Continuing all those lines might be confusing. The variable
-@code{truncate-partial-width-windows} can be set non-@code{nil} to force
-truncation in all windows less than the full width of the screen,
-independent of the buffer being displayed and its value for
-@code{truncate-lines}. @xref{Continuation Lines}.@refill
+ When a window is less than the full width, text lines too long to
+fit are frequent. Continuing all those lines might be confusing, so
+if the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is
+non-@code{nil}, that forces truncation in all windows less than the
+full width of the screen, independent of the buffer being displayed
+and its value for @code{truncate-lines}. @xref{Display Custom}.
Horizontal scrolling is often used in side-by-side windows.
-@xref{Display}.
+@xref{Horizontal Scrolling}.
@vindex split-window-keep-point
- If @code{split-window-keep-point} is non-@code{nil}, the default, both
-of the windows resulting from @kbd{C-x 2} inherit the value of point
-from the window that was split. This means that scrolling is
+ If @code{split-window-keep-point} is non-@code{nil}, the default,
+both of the windows resulting from @kbd{C-x 2} inherit the value of
+point from the window that was split. This means that scrolling is
inevitable. If this variable is @code{nil}, then @kbd{C-x 2} tries to
-avoid shifting any text the screen, by putting point in each window at a
-position already visible in the window. It also selects whichever
-window contain the screen line that the cursor was previously on. Some
-users prefer the latter mode on slow terminals.
+avoid scrolling the text currently visible on the screen, by putting
+point in each window at a position already visible in the window. It
+also selects whichever window contains the screen line that the cursor
+was previously on. Some users prefer that mode on slow terminals.
@node Other Window
@section Using Other Windows
buffers visible in two windows, by moving through them to the next
mismatch. @xref{Comparing Files}, for details.
+@vindex mouse-autoselect-window
+ If you set @code{mouse-autoselect-window} to a non-@code{nil} value,
+moving the mouse into a different window selects that window. This
+feature is off by default.
+
@node Pop Up Window
@section Displaying in Another Window
Certain Emacs commands switch to a specific buffer with special
contents. For example, @kbd{M-x shell} switches to a buffer named
-@samp{*Shell*}. By convention, all these commands are written to pop up
+@samp{*shell*}. By convention, all these commands are written to pop up
the buffer in a separate window. But you can specify that certain of
these buffers should appear in the selected window.
(@code{shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer}).
@item C-x +
Make all windows the same height (@code{balance-windows}).
-@item Drag-Mouse-1
-Dragging a window's mode line up or down with @kbd{Mouse-1} changes
-window heights.
-@item Mouse-2
-@kbd{Mouse-2} in a window's mode line deletes all other windows in the frame
-(@code{mouse-delete-other-windows}).
-@item Mouse-3
-@kbd{Mouse-3} in a window's mode line deletes that window
-(@code{mouse-delete-window}), unless the frame has only one window, in
-which case it buries the current buffer instead and switches to another
-buffer.
@end table
@kindex C-x 0
the minibuffer); the selected window expands to use the whole frame
except for the echo area.
- You can also delete a window by clicking on its mode line with
-@kbd{Mouse-2}, and delete all the windows in a frame except one window
-by clicking on that window's mode line with @kbd{Mouse-3}.
-
- The easiest way to adjust window heights is with a mouse. If you
-press @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line, you can drag that mode line up or
-down, changing the heights of the windows above and below it.
-
@kindex C-x ^
@findex enlarge-window
@kindex C-x @}
@vindex window-min-width
To readjust the division of space among vertically adjacent windows,
use @kbd{C-x ^} (@code{enlarge-window}). It makes the currently
-selected window get one line bigger, or as many lines as is specified
+selected window one line bigger, or as many lines as is specified
with a numeric argument. With a negative argument, it makes the
selected window smaller. @kbd{C-x @}}
(@code{enlarge-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window wider by
(@code{shrink-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window narrower
by the specified number of columns.
- When you make a window bigger, the space comes from one of its
-neighbors. If this makes any window too small, it is deleted and its
-space is given to an adjacent window. The minimum size is specified by
-the variables @code{window-min-height} and @code{window-min-width}.
+ When you make a window bigger, the space comes from its peers. If
+this makes any window too small, it is deleted and its space is given
+to an adjacent window. The minimum size is specified by the variables
+@code{window-min-height} and @code{window-min-width}.
@kindex C-x -
@findex shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer
You can also use @kbd{C-x +} (@code{balance-windows}) to even out the
heights of all the windows in the selected frame.
+ Mouse clicks on the mode line provide another way to change window
+heights and to delete windows. @xref{Mode Line Mouse}.
+
@node Window Convenience
@section Window Handling Convenience Features and Customization
@kbd{M-x winner-mode} is a global minor mode that records the
changes in the window configuration (i.e. how the frames are
partitioned into windows), so that you can ``undo'' them. To undo,
-use @kbd{C-x left} (@code{winner-undo}). If you change your mind
-while undoing, you can redo the changes you had undone using @kbd{C-x
+use @kbd{C-c left} (@code{winner-undo}). If you change your mind
+while undoing, you can redo the changes you had undone using @kbd{C-c
right} (@code{M-x winner-redo}). Another way to enable Winner mode is
by customizing the variable @code{winner-mode}.
@cindex directional window selection
@findex windmove-right
@findex windmove-default-keybindings
- The Windmode commands move directionally between neighbouring windows in
+ The Windmove commands move directionally between neighboring windows in
a frame. @kbd{M-x windmove-right} selects the window immediately to the
right of the currently selected one, and similarly for the ``left,'' ``up,''
and ``down'' counterparts. @kbd{M-x windmove-default-keybindings} binds
these commands to @kbd{S-right} etc. (Not all terminals support shifted
arrow keys, however.)
-@cindex Follow mode
-@cindex mode, Follow
-@findex follow-mode
-@cindex windows, synchronizing
-@cindex synchronizing windows
Follow minor mode (@kbd{M-x follow-mode}) synchronizes several
windows on the same buffer so that they always display adjacent
-sections of that buffer. Also if point moves outside a window, it
-moves automatically to another window which shows that part of the
-buffer, if any. Thus, the windows act like one large window on
-the buffer.
-
- One use of this feature is to effectively double the number of lines
-in a given screen height, using side-by-side windows on the same
-buffer. First split a window into side-by-side windows with @kbd{C-x
-3}, then use @kbd{M-x follow-mode} to synchronize the windows.
+sections of that buffer. @xref{Follow Mode}.
@vindex scroll-all-mode
@cindex scrolling windows together
scroll-all-scroll-down-all}, @kbd{M-x scroll-all-page-down-all} and
their corresponding ``up'' equivalents. To make this mode useful,
you should bind these commands to appropriate keys.
+
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: 8bea7453-d4b1-49b1-9bf4-cfe4383e1113
+@end ignore