M-v Move backward one screenful
C-l Clear screen and redisplay everything
putting the text near the cursor at the center.
- (That's control-L, not control-1.
- There is no such character as control-1.)
+ (That's control-L, not control-1.)
>> Find the cursor and remember what text is near it.
Then type a C-l.
Did it scroll the screen up by 8 lines? If you would like to
scroll it down you can give an argument to M-v.
+If you are using X Windows, there is probably a rectangular area
+called a scroll bar at the right hand side of the Emacs window. You
+can scroll the text by clicking the mouse in the scroll bar.
+
+>> Try pressing the middle button at the top of the highlighted area
+within the scroll bar, then moving the mouse while holding that button
+down.
+
+>> Move the mouse to a point in the scroll bar about three lines from
+the top, and click the left button a couple of times. Then try the
+right button a couple of times.
+
* WHEN EMACS IS HUNG
--------------------
area contains the bottom line of the screen. The line immediately above
it is called the MODE LINE. The mode line says something like
-----**--Emacs: TUTORIAL (Fundamental)----58%-------------
+--**-Emacs: TUTORIAL (Fundamental)--58%----------------------
This is a very useful "information" line.
You already know what the filename means--it is the file you have
found. What the --NN%-- means is that NN percent of the file is
above the top of the screen. If the top of the file is on the screen,
-it will say --TOP-- instead of --00%--. If the bottom of the file is
-on the screen, it will say --BOT--. If you are looking at a file so
-small it all fits on the screen, it says --ALL--.
+it will say --Top-- instead of --00%--. If the bottom of the file is
+on the screen, it will say --Bot--. If you are looking at a file so
+small it all fits on the screen, it says --All--.
The stars near the front mean that you have made changes to the text.
Right after you visit or save a file, there are no stars, just dashes.
what a comment should look like, each major mode has to insert
comments differently. Each major mode is the name of an extended
command, which is how you get into the mode. For example,
-M-X fundamental-mode is how to get into Fundamental mode.
+M-x fundamental-mode is how to get into Fundamental mode.
If you are going to be editing English text, such as this file, you
should probably use Text Mode.
>> Type M-x text-mode<Return>.
Don't worry, none of the commands you have learned changes Emacs in
-any great way. But you can now observe that periods are no longer
-part of words when you do M-f or M-b! Major modes are usually like
-that: commands don't change into completely unrelated things, but they
-work a little bit differently.
+any great way. But you can observe that apostrophes are now part of
+words when you do M-f or M-b. Major modes are usually like that:
+commands don't change into completely unrelated things, but they work
+a little bit differently.
To get documentation on your current major mode, type C-h m.
notice that the string "I-search" appears as a prompt in the echo
area. This tells you that Emacs is in what is called an incremental
search waiting for you to type the thing that you want to search for.
-<ESC> terminates a search.
+<RET> terminates a search.
>> Now type C-s to start a search. SLOWLY, one letter at a time,
type the word 'cursor', pausing after you type each
character to notice what happens to the cursor.
>> Type C-s to find the next occurrence of "cursor".
>> Now type <Rubout> four times and see how the cursor moves.
->> Type <ESC> to terminate the search.
+>> Type <RET> to terminate the search.
Did you see what happened? Emacs, in an incremental search, tries to
go to the occurrence of the string that you've typed out so far. To go
typed the 'u'. This provides a useful means for backing up while you
are searching.
-If you are in the middle of a search and happen to type a control
-character (other than a C-s or C-r, which tell Emacs to search for the
-next occurrence of the string), the search is terminated.
+If you are in the middle of a search and type a control or meta
+character (with a few exceptions--characters that are special in
+a search, such as C-s and C-r), the search is terminated.
The C-s starts a search that looks for any occurrence of the search
string AFTER the current cursor position. But what if you want to
Both windows display this tutorial. The cursor stays in the top window.
>> Type C-M-v to scroll the bottom window.
+ (If you don't have a real Meta key, type ESC C-v.)
>> Type C-x o ("o" for "other") to move the cursor to the bottom window.
>> Use C-v and M-v in the bottom window to scroll it.
character saying what kind of help you want. If you are REALLY lost,
type C-h ? and Emacs will tell you what kinds of help it can give.
If you have typed C-h and decide you don't want any help, just
-type C-G to cancel it.
+type C-g to cancel it.
+
+(Some sites rebind the character C-h. They really shouldn't do this
+as a blanket measure, so complain to the operator. Meanwhile, if C-h
+does not display a message about help at the bottom of the screen, try
+typing M-x help RET instead.)
The most basic HELP feature is C-h c. Type C-h, a c, and a
command character or sequence, and Emacs displays a very brief
>> Try typing C-h f previous-line<Return>.
This prints all the information Emacs has about the
- function which implements the C-P command.
+ function which implements the C-p command.
C-h a Command Apropos. Type in a keyword and Emacs will list
all the commands whose names contain that keyword.