@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
-@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Emacs and Microsoft Windows, Manifesto, Mac OS, Top
-@appendix Emacs and Microsoft Windows
+@node Microsoft Windows, Manifesto, Mac OS, Top
+@appendix Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS
@cindex Microsoft Windows
@cindex MS-Windows, Emacs peculiarities
Windows. Some of these peculiarities are also relevant to Microsoft's
older MS-DOS ``operating system'' (also known as ``MS-DOG'').
However, Emacs features that are relevant @emph{only} to MS-DOS are
-now described in a separate manual (@inforef{MS-DOG,, emacs-xtra}).
+described in a separate
+@iftex
+manual (@pxref{MS-DOS,,, emacs-xtra, Specialized Emacs Features}).
+@end iftex
+@ifnottex
+section (@pxref{MS-DOS}).
+@end ifnottex
+
The behavior of Emacs on MS-Windows is reasonably similar to what is
documented in the rest of the manual, including support for long file
here.
@menu
-* Text and Binary:: Text files use CRLF to terminate lines.
-* Windows Files:: File-name conventions on Windows.
-* Windows HOME:: Where Emacs looks for your @file{.emacs}.
-* Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
-* Windows Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-Windows.
-* Windows System Menu:: Controlling what the ALT key does.
+* Text and Binary:: Text files use CRLF to terminate lines.
+* Windows Files:: File-name conventions on Windows.
+* ls in Lisp:: Emulation of @code{ls} for Dired.
+* Windows HOME:: Where Emacs looks for your @file{.emacs}.
+* Windows Keyboard:: Windows-specific keyboard features.
+* Windows Mouse:: Windows-specific mouse features.
+* Windows Processes:: Running subprocesses on Windows.
+* Windows Printing:: How to specify the printer on MS-Windows.
+* Windows Misc:: Miscellaneous Windows features.
+@ifnottex
+* MS-DOS:: Using Emacs on MS-DOS (otherwise known as @dfn{MS-DOG}).
+@end ifnottex
@end menu
@node Text and Binary
On MS-DOS/MS-Windows, file names are case-insensitive, so Emacs by
default ignores letter-case in file names during completion.
+@vindex w32-get-true-file-attributes
+ If the variable @code{w32-get-true-file-attributes} is
+non-@code{nil} (the default), Emacs tries to determine the accurate
+link counts for files. This option is only useful on NTFS volumes,
+and it considerably slows down Dired and other features, so use it
+only on fast machines.
+
+@node ls in Lisp
+@section Emulation of @code{ls} on MS-Windows
+@cindex Dired, and MS-Windows/MS-DOS
+@cindex @code{ls} emulation
+
+ Dired normally uses the external program @code{ls} (or its close
+work-alike) to produce the directory listing displayed in Dired
+buffers (@pxref{Dired}). However, MS-Windows and MS-DOS systems don't
+come with such a program, although several ports of @sc{gnu} @code{ls}
+are available. Therefore, Emacs on those systems @emph{emulates}
+@code{ls} in Lisp, by using the @file{ls-lisp.el} package. While
+@file{ls-lisp.el} provides a reasonably full emulation of @code{ls},
+there are some options and features peculiar to that emulation;
+@iftex
+for more details, see the documentation of the variables whose names
+begin with @code{ls-lisp}.
+@end iftex
+@ifnottex
+they are described in this section.
+
+ The @code{ls} emulation supports many of the @code{ls} switches, but
+it doesn't support all of them. Here's the list of the switches it
+does support: @option{-A}, @option{-a}, @option{-B}, @option{-C},
+@option{-c}, @option{-i}, @option{-G}, @option{-g}, @option{-R},
+@option{-r}, @option{-S}, @option{-s}, @option{-t}, @option{-U},
+@option{-u}, and @option{-X}. The @option{-F} switch is partially
+supported (it appends the character that classifies the file, but does
+not prevent symlink following).
+
+@vindex ls-lisp-use-insert-directory-program
+ On MS-Windows and MS-DOS, @file{ls-lisp.el} is preloaded when Emacs
+is built, so the Lisp emulation of @code{ls} is always used on those
+platforms. If you have a ported @code{ls}, setting
+@code{ls-lisp-use-insert-directory-program} to a non-@code{nil} value
+will revert to using an external program named by the variable
+@code{insert-directory-program}.
+
+@vindex ls-lisp-ignore-case
+ By default, @file{ls-lisp.el} uses a case-sensitive sort order for
+the directory listing it produces; this is so the listing looks the
+same as on other platforms. If you wish that the files be sorted in
+case-insensitive order, set the variable @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} to
+a non-@code{nil} value.
+
+@vindex ls-lisp-dirs-first
+ By default, files and subdirectories are sorted together, to emulate
+the behavior of @code{ls}. However, native MS-Windows/MS-DOS file
+managers list the directories before the files; if you want that
+behavior, customize the option @code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} to a
+non-@code{nil} value.
+
+@vindex ls-lisp-verbosity
+ The variable @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} controls the file attributes
+that @file{ls-lisp.el} displays. The value should be a list that
+contains one or more of the symbols @code{links}, @code{uid}, and
+@code{gid}. @code{links} means display the count of different file
+names that are associated with (a.k.a.@: @dfn{links to}) the file's
+data; this is only useful on NTFS volumes. @code{uid} means display
+the numerical identifier of the user who owns the file. @code{gid}
+means display the numerical identifier of the file owner's group. The
+default value is @code{(links uid gid)} i.e.@: all the 3 optional
+attributes are displayed.
+
+@vindex ls-lisp-emulation
+ The variable @code{ls-lisp-emulation} controls the flavour of the
+@code{ls} emulation by setting the defaults for the 3 options
+described above: @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case},
+@code{ls-lisp-dirs-first}, and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity}. The value of
+this option can be one of the following symbols:
+
+@table @code
+@item GNU
+@itemx nil
+Emulate @sc{gnu} systems; this is the default. This sets
+@code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} and @code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} to
+@code{nil}, and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to @code{(links uid gid)}.
+@item UNIX
+Emulate Unix systems. Like @code{GNU}, but sets
+@code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to @code{(links uid)}.
+@item MacOS
+Emulate MacOS. Sets @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} to @code{t}, and
+@code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to @code{nil}.
+@item MS-Windows
+Emulate MS-Windows. Sets @code{ls-lisp-ignore-case} and
+@code{ls-lisp-dirs-first} to @code{t}, and @code{ls-lisp-verbosity} to
+@code{(links)} on Windows NT/2K/XP/2K3 and to @code{nil} on Windows 9X.
+Note that the default emulation is @emph{not} @code{MS-Windows}, even
+on Windows, since many users of Emacs on those platforms prefer the
+@sc{gnu} defaults.
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+Any other value of @code{ls-lisp-emulation} means the same as
+@code{GNU}. Note that this option needs to be set @emph{before}
+@file{ls-lisp.el} is loaded, which means that on MS-Windows and MS-DOS
+you will have to set the value from your @file{.emacs} file and then
+restart Emacs, since @file{ls-lisp.el} is preloaded.
+
+@vindex ls-lisp-support-shell-wildcards
+ The variable @code{ls-lisp-support-shell-wildcards} controls how
+file-name patterns are supported: if it is non-@code{nil} (the
+default), they are treated as shell-style wildcards; otherwise they
+are treated as Emacs regular expressions.
+
+@vindex ls-lisp-format-time-list
+ The variable @code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} defines how to format
+the date and time of files. @emph{The value of this variable is
+ignored}, unless Emacs cannot determine the current locale. (However,
+if the value of @code{ls-lisp-use-localized-time-format} is
+non-@code{nil}, Emacs obeys @code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} even if
+the current locale is available; see below.)
+
+The value of @code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} is a list of 2 strings.
+The first string is used if the file was modified within the current
+year, while the second string is used for older files. In each of
+these two strings you can use @samp{%}-sequences to substitute parts
+of the time. For example:
+@lisp
+("%b %e %H:%M" "%b %e %Y")
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent
+Note that the strings substituted for these @samp{%}-sequences depend
+on the current locale. @xref{Time Parsing,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp
+Reference Manual}, for more about format time specs.
+
+@vindex ls-lisp-use-localized-time-format
+ Normally, Emacs formats the file time stamps in either traditional
+or ISO-style time format. However, if the value of the variable
+@code{ls-lisp-use-localized-time-format} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs
+formats file time stamps according to what
+@code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} specifies. The @samp{%}-sequences in
+@code{ls-lisp-format-time-list} produce locale-dependent month and day
+names, which might cause misalignment of columns in Dired display.
+@end ifnottex
+
@node Windows HOME
@section HOME Directory on MS-Windows
@cindex @code{HOME} directory on MS-Windows
- The MS-Windows equivalent of the @code{HOME} directory is the
+ The Windows equivalent of the @code{HOME} directory is the
@dfn{user-specific application data directory}. The actual location
depends on your Windows version and system configuration; typical values
are @file{C:\Documents and Settings\@var{username}\Application Data} on
@file{_emacs} as a fallback, if such a file exists in the home
directory, whereas @file{.emacs} does not.
+@node Windows Keyboard
+@section Keyboard Usage on MS-Windows
+@cindex keyboard, MS-Windows
+
+ This section describes the Windows-specific features related to
+keyboard input in Emacs.
+
+@cindex MS-Windows keyboard shortcuts
+ Many key combinations (known as ``keyboard shortcuts'') that have
+conventional uses in MS-Windows programs conflict with traditional
+Emacs key bindings. (These Emacs key bindings were established years
+before Microsoft was founded.) Examples of conflicts include
+@kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-x}, @kbd{C-z}, @kbd{C-a}, and @kbd{W-@key{SPC}}.
+You can redefine some of them with meanings more like the MS-Windows
+meanings by enabling CUA Mode (@pxref{CUA Bindings}).
+
+@kindex F10 @r{(MS-Windows)}
+@cindex menu bar access using keyboard @r{(MS-Windows)}
+ The @key{F10} key on Windows activates the menu bar in a way that
+makes it possible to use the menus without a mouse. In this mode, the
+arrow keys traverse the menus, @key{RET} selects a highlighted menu
+item, and @key{ESC} closes the menu.
+
+@iftex
+@inforef{Windows Keyboard, , emacs}, for information about additional
+Windows-specific variables in this category.
+@end iftex
+@ifnottex
+@vindex w32-alt-is-meta
+@cindex @code{Alt} key (MS-Windows)
+ By default, the key labeled @key{Alt} is mapped as the @key{META}
+key. If you wish it to produce the @code{Alt} modifier instead, set
+the variable @code{w32-alt-is-meta} to a @code{nil} value.
+
+@vindex w32-capslock-is-shiftlock
+ By default, the @key{CapsLock} key only affects normal character
+keys (it converts lower-case characters to their upper-case
+variants). However, if you set the variable
+@code{w32-capslock-is-shiftlock} to a non-@code{nil} value, the
+@key{CapsLock} key will affect non-character keys as well, as if you
+pressed the @key{Shift} key while typing the non-character key.
+
+@vindex w32-enable-caps-lock
+ If the variable @code{w32-enable-caps-lock} is set to a @code{nil}
+value, the @key{CapsLock} key produces the symbol @code{capslock}
+instead of the shifted version of they keys. The default value is
+@code{t}.
+
+@vindex w32-enable-num-lock
+@cindex keypad keys (MS-Windows)
+ Similarly, if @code{w32-enable-num-lock} is @code{nil}, the
+@key{NumLock} key will produce the symbol @code{kp-numlock}. The
+default is @code{t}, which causes @key{NumLock} to work as expected:
+toggle the meaning of the keys on the numeric keypad.
+@end ifnottex
+
+@vindex w32-apps-modifier
+ The variable @code{w32-apps-modifier} controls the effect of the
+@key{Apps} key (usually located between the right @key{Alt} and the
+right @key{Ctrl} keys). Its value can be one of the symbols
+@code{hyper}, @code{super}, @code{meta}, @code{alt}, @code{control},
+or @code{shift} for the respective modifier, or @code{nil} to appear
+as the key @code{apps}. The default is @code{nil}.
+
+@vindex w32-lwindow-modifier
+@vindex w32-rwindow-modifier
+@vindex w32-scroll-lock-modifier
+ The variable @code{w32-lwindow-modifier} determines the effect of
+the left Windows key (usually labeled with @key{start} and the Windows
+logo). If its value is @code{nil} (the default), the key will produce
+the symbol @code{lwindow}. Setting it to one of the symbols
+@code{hyper}, @code{super}, @code{meta}, @code{alt}, @code{control},
+or @code{shift} will produce the respective modifier. A similar
+variable @code{w32-rwindow-modifier} controls the effect of the right
+Windows key, and @code{w32-scroll-lock-modifier} does the same for the
+@key{ScrLock} key. If these variables are set to @code{nil}, the
+right Windows key produces the symbol @code{rwindow} and @key{ScrLock}
+produces the symbol @code{scroll}.
+
+@vindex w32-pass-alt-to-system
+@cindex Windows system menu
+@cindex @code{Alt} key invokes menu (Windows)
+ Emacs compiled as a native Windows application normally turns off
+the Windows feature that tapping the @key{ALT} key invokes the Windows
+menu. The reason is that the @key{ALT} serves as @key{META} in Emacs.
+When using Emacs, users often press the @key{META} key temporarily and
+then change their minds; if this has the effect of bringing up the
+Windows menu, it alters the meaning of subsequent commands. Many
+users find this frustrating.
+
+ You can re-enable Windows' default handling of tapping the @key{ALT}
+key by setting @code{w32-pass-alt-to-system} to a non-@code{nil}
+value.
+
+@ifnottex
+@vindex w32-pass-lwindow-to-system
+@vindex w32-pass-rwindow-to-system
+ The variables @code{w32-pass-lwindow-to-system} and
+@code{w32-pass-rwindow-to-system} determine whether the respective
+keys are passed to Windows or swallowed by Emacs. If the value is
+@code{nil}, the respective key is silently swallowed by Emacs,
+otherwise it is passed to Windows. The default is @code{t} for both
+of these variables. Passing each of these keys to Windows produces
+its normal effect: for example, @kbd{@key{Lwindow}} opens the
+@code{Start} menu, etc.@footnote{
+Some combinations of the ``Windows'' keys with other keys are caught
+by Windows at low level in a way that Emacs currently cannot prevent.
+For example, @kbd{@key{Lwindow} r} always pops up the Windows
+@samp{Run} dialog. Customizing the value of
+@code{w32-phantom-key-code} might help in some cases, though.}
+
+@vindex w32-recognize-altgr
+@kindex AltGr @r{(MS-Windows)}
+@cindex AltGr key (MS-Windows)
+ The variable @code{w32-recognize-altgr} controls whether the
+@key{AltGr} key (if it exists on your keyboard), or its equivalent,
+the combination of the right @key{Alt} and left @key{Ctrl} keys
+pressed together, is recognized as the @key{AltGr} key. The default
+is @code{t}, which means these keys produce @code{AltGr}; setting it
+to @code{nil} causes @key{AltGr} or the equivalent key combination to
+be interpreted as the combination of @key{CTRL} and @key{META}
+modifiers.
+@end ifnottex
+
+@node Windows Mouse
+@section Mouse Usage on MS-Windows
+@cindex mouse, and MS-Windows
+
+ This section describes the Windows-specific variables related to
+mouse.
+
+@vindex w32-mouse-button-tolerance
+@cindex simulation of middle mouse button
+ The variable @code{w32-mouse-button-tolerance} specifies the
+time interval, in milliseconds, for faking middle mouse button press
+on 2-button mice. If both mouse buttons are depressed within this
+time interval, Emacs generates a middle mouse button click event
+instead of a double click on one of the buttons.
+
+@vindex w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system
+ If the variable @code{w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system} is
+non-@code{nil}, Emacs passes the fourth and fifth mouse buttons to
+Windows.
+
+@vindex w32-swap-mouse-buttons
+ The variable @code{w32-swap-mouse-buttons} controls which of the 3
+mouse buttons generates the @kbd{mouse-2} events. When it is
+@code{nil} (the default), the middle button generates @kbd{mouse-2}
+and the right button generates @kbd{mouse-3} events. If this variable
+is non-@code{nil}, the roles of these two buttons are reversed.
+
@node Windows Processes
@section Subprocesses on Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K/XP
@cindex subprocesses on MS-Windows
@code{Shutdown}. That usually works, although it may take a few minutes
to do its job.
+@vindex w32-quote-process-args
+ The variable @code{w32-quote-process-args} controls how Emacs quotes
+the process arguments. Non-@code{nil} means quote with the @code{"}
+character. If the value is a character, use that character to escape
+any quote characters that appear; otherwise chose a suitable escape
+character based on the type of the program.
+
+@ifnottex
+@findex w32-shell-execute
+ The function @code{w32-shell-execute} can be useful for writing
+customized commands that run MS-Windows applications registered to
+handle a certain standard Windows operation for a specific type of
+document or file. This function is a wrapper around the Windows
+@code{ShellExecute} API. See the MS-Windows API documentation for
+more details.
+@end ifnottex
+
@node Windows Printing
@section Printing and MS-Windows
files, each one in the directory of the buffer from which the printing
was done.
+ If the value of @code{printer-name} is correct, but printing does
+not produce the hardcopy on your printer, it is possible that your
+printer does not support printing plain text (some cheap printers omit
+this functionality). In that case, try the PostScript print commands,
+described below.
+
@findex print-buffer @r{(MS-DOS)}
@findex print-region @r{(MS-DOS)}
@vindex lpr-headers-switches @r{(MS-DOS)}
(This assumes that Ghostscript is installed in the
@file{D:/gs6.01} directory.)
-@node Windows System Menu
-@section Using the System Menu on Windows
-@cindex @code{Alt} key invokes menu (Windows)
-
-Emacs compiled as a native Windows application normally turns off the
-Windows feature that tapping the @key{ALT} key invokes the Windows
-menu. The reason is that the @key{ALT} serves as @key{META} in Emacs.
-When using Emacs, users often press the @key{META} key temporarily and
-then change their minds; if this has the effect of bringing up the
-Windows menu, it alters the meaning of subsequent commands. Many
-users find this frustrating.
-
-@vindex w32-pass-alt-to-system
-You can re-enable Windows' default handling of tapping the @key{ALT} key
-by setting @code{w32-pass-alt-to-system} to a non-@code{nil} value.
+@node Windows Misc
+@section Miscellaneous Windows-specific features
+
+ This section describes miscellaneous Windows-specific features.
+
+@vindex w32-use-visible-system-caret
+@cindex screen reader software, MS-Windows
+ The variable @code{w32-use-visible-system-caret} is a flag that
+determines whether to make the system caret visible. The default is
+@code{nil}, which means Emacs draws its own cursor to indicate the
+position of point. A non-@code{nil} value means Emacs will indicate
+point location by the system caret; this facilitates use of screen
+reader software. When this variable is non-@code{nil}, other
+variables affecting the cursor display have no effect.
+
+@iftex
+@inforef{Windows Misc, , emacs}, for information about additional
+Windows-specific variables in this category.
+@end iftex
+
+@ifnottex
+@vindex w32-grab-focus-on-raise
+@cindex frame focus policy, MS-Windows
+ The variable @code{w32-grab-focus-on-raise}, if set to a
+non-@code{nil} value causes a frame to grab focus when it is raised.
+The default is @code{t}, which fits well with the Windows default
+click-to-focus policy.
+
+@vindex w32-list-proportional-fonts
+ The variable @code{w32-list-proportional-fonts} controls whether
+proportional fonts are included in the font selection dialog. If its
+value is non-@code{nil}, these fonts will be included. The default is
+@code{nil}.
+@end ifnottex
+
+@ifnottex
+@include msdog-xtra.texi
+@end ifnottex
@ignore
arch-tag: f39d2590-5dcc-4318-88d9-0eb73ca10fa2