@c -*-texinfo-*-
@c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1990-1995, 1998-1999, 2001-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1990-1995, 1998-1999, 2001-2013 Free Software
+@c Foundation, Inc.
@c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions.
@node Modes
@chapter Major and Minor Modes
hook, but you must write the function to follow the hook's calling
convention.
- By convention, abnormal hook names end in @samp{-functions} or
-@samp{-hooks}. If the variable's name ends in @samp{-function}, then
-its value is just a single function, not a list of functions.
+ By convention, abnormal hook names end in @samp{-functions}. If the
+variable's name ends in @samp{-function}, then its value is just a single
+function, not a list of functions.
@menu
* Running Hooks:: How to run a hook.
should not be applied to the containing tar file. Similarly, a tiff
image file might just happen to contain a first line that seems to
match the @w{@samp{-*-}} pattern. For these reasons, both these file
-extensions are members of the list @var{inhibit-local-variables-regexps}.
+extensions are members of the list @code{inhibit-local-variables-regexps}.
Add patterns to this list to prevent Emacs searching them for local
variables of any kind (not just mode specifiers).
Apart from Fundamental mode, there are three major modes that other
major modes commonly derive from: Text mode, Prog mode, and Special
-mode. While Text mode is useful in its own right (e.g. for editing
+mode. While Text mode is useful in its own right (e.g., for editing
files ending in @file{.txt}), Prog mode and Special mode exist mainly to
let other modes derive from them.
As far as possible, new major modes should be derived, either directly
or indirectly, from one of these three modes. One reason is that this
allows users to customize a single mode hook
-(e.g. @code{prog-mode-hook}) for an entire family of relevant modes
-(e.g. all programming language modes).
+(e.g., @code{prog-mode-hook}) for an entire family of relevant modes
+(e.g., all programming language modes).
@deffn Command text-mode
Text mode is a major mode for editing human languages. It defines the
of @code{special} (@pxref{Major Mode Conventions}).
Special mode sets the buffer to read-only. Its keymap defines several
-common bindings, including @kbd{q} for @code{quit-window}, @kbd{z} for
-@code{kill-this-buffer}, and @kbd{g} for @code{revert-buffer}
-(@pxref{Reverting}).
+common bindings, including @kbd{q} for @code{quit-window} and @kbd{g}
+for @code{revert-buffer} (@pxref{Reverting}).
An example of a major mode derived from Special mode is Buffer Menu
mode, which is used by the @file{*Buffer List*} buffer. @xref{List
@cindex Tabulated List mode
Tabulated List mode is a major mode for displaying tabulated data,
-i.e.@: data consisting of @dfn{entries}, each entry occupying one row of
+i.e., data consisting of @dfn{entries}, each entry occupying one row of
text with its contents divided into columns. Tabulated List mode
provides facilities for pretty-printing rows and columns, and sorting
the rows according to the values in each column. It is derived from
line.
The derived mode should also define a @dfn{listing command}. This,
-not the mode command, is what the user calls (e.g.@: @kbd{M-x
+not the mode command, is what the user calls (e.g., @kbd{M-x
list-processes}). The listing command should create or switch to a
buffer, turn on the derived mode, specify the tabulated data, and
finally call @code{tabulated-list-print} to populate the buffer.
@smallexample
@group
-(defun lisp-mode-variables (&optional lisp-syntax keywords-case-insensitive)
- (when lisp-syntax
+(defun lisp-mode-variables (&optional syntax keywords-case-insensitive)
+ (when syntax
(set-syntax-table lisp-mode-syntax-table))
(setq local-abbrev-table lisp-mode-abbrev-table)
@dots{}
Entry to this mode calls the value of `lisp-mode-hook'
if that value is non-nil."
(lisp-mode-variables nil t)
- (set (make-local-variable 'find-tag-default-function) 'lisp-find-tag-default)
- (make-local-variable 'comment-start-skip)
- (setq comment-start-skip
+ (set (make-local-variable 'find-tag-default-function)
+ 'lisp-find-tag-default)
+ (set (make-local-variable 'comment-start-skip)
"\\(\\(^\\|[^\\\\\n]\\)\\(\\\\\\\\\\)*\\)\\(;+\\|#|\\) *")
(setq imenu-case-fold-search t))
@end group
@cindex mode variable
Define a variable whose name ends in @samp{-mode}. We call this the
@dfn{mode variable}. The minor mode command should set this variable.
-The value will be @code{nil} is the mode is disabled, and non-@code{nil}
+The value will be @code{nil} if the mode is disabled, and non-@code{nil}
if the mode is enabled. The variable should be buffer-local if the
minor mode is buffer-local.
The mode command should accept one optional argument. If called
interactively with no prefix argument, it should toggle the mode
-(i.e.@: enable if it is disabled, and disable if it is enabled). If
+(i.e., enable if it is disabled, and disable if it is enabled). If
called interactively with a prefix argument, it should enable the mode
if the argument is positive and disable it otherwise.
-If the mode command is called from Lisp (i.e.@: non-interactively), it
+If the mode command is called from Lisp (i.e., non-interactively), it
should enable the mode if the argument is omitted or @code{nil}; it
should toggle the mode if the argument is the symbol @code{toggle};
otherwise it should treat the argument in the same way as for an
defined, and any @var{init-value} argument is unused. @var{place}
can be a different named variable (which you must define yourself), or
anything that can be used with the @code{setf} function
-(@pxref{Generalized Variables,,, cl, Common Lisp Extensions}).
+(@pxref{Generalized Variables}).
@var{place} can also be a cons @code{(@var{get} . @var{set})},
where @var{get} is an expression that returns the current state,
and @var{set} is a function of one argument (a state) that sets it.
@subsection @code{%}-Constructs in the Mode Line
Strings used as mode line constructs can use certain
-@code{%}-constructs to substitute various kinds of data. Here is a
-list of the defined @code{%}-constructs, and what they mean. In any
-construct except @samp{%%}, you can add a decimal integer after the
-@samp{%} to specify a minimum field width. If the width is less, the
-field is padded with spaces to the right.
+@code{%}-constructs to substitute various kinds of data. The
+following is a list of the defined @code{%}-constructs, and what they
+mean.
+
+ In any construct except @samp{%%}, you can add a decimal integer
+after the @samp{%} to specify a minimum field width. If the width is
+less, the field is padded to that width. Purely numeric constructs
+(@samp{c}, @samp{i}, @samp{I}, and @samp{l}) are padded by inserting
+spaces to the left, and others are padded by inserting spaces to the
+right.
@table @code
@item %b
@item font-lock-comment-delimiter-face
@vindex font-lock-comment-delimiter-face
-for comments delimiters, like @samp{/*} and @samp{*/} in C. On most
+for comments delimiters, like @samp{/*} and @samp{*/} in C@. On most
terminals, this inherits from @code{font-lock-comment-face}.
@item font-lock-type-face
This variable is semi-obsolete; we usually recommend setting
@code{syntax-begin-function} instead. One of its uses is to tune the
-behavior of syntactic fontification, e.g.@: to ensure that different
+behavior of syntactic fontification, e.g., to ensure that different
kinds of strings or comments are highlighted differently.
The specified function is called with no arguments. It should leave
@item
A token can be an @code{opener} (something similar to an open-paren),
a @code{closer} (like a close-paren), or @code{neither} of the two
-(e.g. an infix operator, or an inner token like @code{"else"}).
+(e.g., an infix operator, or an inner token like @code{"else"}).
@end itemize
Precedence conflicts can be resolved via @var{resolvers}, which
restructure the grammar. Do not despair: while the parser cannot be
made more clever, you can make the lexer as smart as you want. So, the
solution is then to look at the tokens involved in the conflict and to
-split one of those tokens into 2 (or more) different tokens. E.g. if
+split one of those tokens into 2 (or more) different tokens. E.g., if
the grammar needs to distinguish between two incompatible uses of the
token @code{"begin"}, make the lexer return different tokens (say
@code{"begin-fun"} and @code{"begin-plain"}) depending on which kind of
By @emph{separator}, we mean here a token whose sole purpose is to
separate various elements within some enclosing syntactic construct, and
-which does not have any semantic significance in itself (i.e. it would
+which does not have any semantic significance in itself (i.e., it would
typically not exist as a node in an abstract syntax tree).
Such a token is expected to have an associative syntax and be closely
Here @var{desktop-buffer-misc} is the value returned by the function
optionally bound to @code{desktop-save-buffer}.
@end defvar
-