(msdos-color-values): Add defvar.

[gnu-emacs] / man / mule.texi

diff --git a/man/mule.texi b/man/mule.texi
index be71bd644028cd7d8a46b62d03e5b4a1e05c4faf..fa5e1246f251555749e4a07576da7b0f68c8e250 100644 (file)
--- a/man/mule.texi
+++ b/man/mule.texi
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.
 @c This is part of the Emacs manual.

-@c Copyright (C) 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+@c   2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
 @node International, Major Modes, Frames, Top
 @chapter International Character Set Support
 @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
 @node International, Major Modes, Frames, Top
 @chapter International Character Set Support


@@ -35,11 +36,12 @@
 @cindex Dutch
 @cindex Spanish
   Emacs supports a wide variety of international character sets,
 @cindex Dutch
 @cindex Spanish
   Emacs supports a wide variety of international character sets,

-including European variants of the Latin alphabet, as well as Chinese,
-Cyrillic, Devanagari (Hindi and Marathi), Ethiopic, Greek, Hebrew, IPA,
-Japanese, Korean, Lao, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese scripts.  These features
-have been merged from the modified version of Emacs known as MULE (for
-``MULti-lingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs'')
+including European and Vietnamese variants of the Latin alphabet, as
+well as Cyrillic, Devanagari (for Hindi and Marathi), Ethiopic, Greek,
+Han (for Chinese and Japanese), Hangul (for Korean), Hebrew, IPA,
+Kannada, Lao, Malayalam, Tamil, Thai, Tibetan, and Vietnamese scripts.
+These features have been merged from the modified version of Emacs
+known as MULE (for ``MULti-lingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs'')

 
   Emacs also supports various encodings of these characters used by
 other internationalized software, such as word processors and mailers.
 
   Emacs also supports various encodings of these characters used by
 other internationalized software, such as word processors and mailers.


@@ -69,8 +71,7 @@ describes possible problems and explains how to solve them.
 You can insert non-@acronym{ASCII} characters or search for them.  To do that,
 you can specify an input method (@pxref{Select Input Method}) suitable
 for your language, or use the default input method set up when you set
 You can insert non-@acronym{ASCII} characters or search for them.  To do that,
 you can specify an input method (@pxref{Select Input Method}) suitable
 for your language, or use the default input method set up when you set

-your language environment.  (Emacs input methods are part of the Leim
-package, which must be installed for you to be able to use them.)  If
+your language environment.  If

 your keyboard can produce non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, you can select an
 appropriate keyboard coding system (@pxref{Specify Coding}), and Emacs
 will accept those characters.  Latin-1 characters can also be input by
 your keyboard can produce non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, you can select an
 appropriate keyboard coding system (@pxref{Specify Coding}), and Emacs
 will accept those characters.  Latin-1 characters can also be input by


@@ -97,9 +98,8 @@ correctly; see @ref{Language Environments, locales}.
                               that cover the whole spectrum of characters.
 * Defining Fontsets::       Defining a new fontset.
 * Undisplayable Characters:: When characters don't display.
                               that cover the whole spectrum of characters.
 * Defining Fontsets::       Defining a new fontset.
 * Undisplayable Characters:: When characters don't display.

-* Single-Byte Character Support::
-                            You can pick one European character set
-                            to use without multibyte characters.
+* Single-Byte Character Support:: You can pick one European character set
+                              to use without multibyte characters.

 * Charsets::                How Emacs groups its internal character codes.
 @end menu
 
 * Charsets::                How Emacs groups its internal character codes.
 @end menu
 


@@ -241,13 +241,19 @@ the Emacs session.  The supported language environments include:
 @cindex Euro sign
 @cindex UTF-8
 @quotation
 @cindex Euro sign
 @cindex UTF-8
 @quotation

-Chinese-BIG5, Chinese-CNS, Chinese-GB, Cyrillic-ALT, Cyrillic-ISO,
-Cyrillic-KOI8, Czech, Devanagari, Dutch, English, Ethiopic, German,
-Greek, Hebrew, IPA, Japanese, Korean, Lao, Latin-1, Latin-2, Latin-3,
-Latin-4, Latin-5, Latin-8 (Celtic), Latin-9 (updated Latin-1, with the
-Euro sign), Polish, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Thai, Tibetan,
-Turkish, UTF-8 (for a setup which prefers Unicode characters and files
-encoded in UTF-8), and Vietnamese.
+Belarusian, Brazilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese-BIG5,
+Chinese-CNS, Chinese-EUC-TW, Chinese-GB, Croatian, Cyrillic-ALT,
+Cyrillic-ISO, Cyrillic-KOI8, Czech, Devanagari, Dutch, English,
+Ethiopic, French, Georgian, German, Greek, Hebrew, IPA, Italian,
+Japanese, Kannada, Korean, Lao, Latin-1, Latin-2, Latin-3,
+Latin-4, Latin-5, Latin-6, Latin-7, Latin-8 (Celtic),
+Latin-9 (updated Latin-1 with the Euro sign), Latvian,
+Lithuanian, Malayalam, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak,
+Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil, Thai, Tibetan,
+Turkish, UTF-8 (for a setup which prefers Unicode characters and
+files encoded in UTF-8), Ukrainian, Vietnamese, Welsh, and
+Windows-1255 (for a setup which prefers Cyrillic characters and
+files encoded in Windows-1255).

 @end quotation
 
 @cindex fonts for various scripts
 @end quotation
 
 @cindex fonts for various scripts


@@ -255,7 +261,7 @@ encoded in UTF-8), and Vietnamese.
   To display the script(s) used by your language environment on a
 graphical display, you need to have a suitable font.  If some of the
 characters appear as empty boxes, you should install the GNU Intlfonts
   To display the script(s) used by your language environment on a
 graphical display, you need to have a suitable font.  If some of the
 characters appear as empty boxes, you should install the GNU Intlfonts

-package, which includes fonts for all supported scripts.@footnote{If
+package, which includes fonts for most supported scripts.@footnote{If

 you run Emacs on X, you need to inform the X server about the location
 of the newly installed fonts with the following commands:
 
 you run Emacs on X, you need to inform the X server about the location
 of the newly installed fonts with the following commands:
 


@@ -428,6 +434,9 @@ is the command @kbd{C-\} (@code{toggle-input-method}) used twice.
 because it stops waiting for more characters to combine, and starts
 searching for what you have already entered.
 
 because it stops waiting for more characters to combine, and starts
 searching for what you have already entered.
 

+  To find out how to input the character after point using the current
+input method, type @kbd{C-u C-x =}.  @xref{Position Info}.
+

 @vindex input-method-verbose-flag
 @vindex input-method-highlight-flag
   The variables @code{input-method-highlight-flag} and
 @vindex input-method-verbose-flag
 @vindex input-method-highlight-flag
   The variables @code{input-method-highlight-flag} and


@@ -523,9 +532,11 @@ actual keyboard layout.  To specify which layout your keyboard has, use
 the command @kbd{M-x quail-set-keyboard-layout}.
 
 @findex quail-show-key
 the command @kbd{M-x quail-set-keyboard-layout}.
 
 @findex quail-show-key

-  You can use the command @kbd{M-x quail-show-key} to show what key
-(or key sequence) to type in order to input the character following
-point, using the selected keyboard layout.
+  You can use the command @kbd{M-x quail-show-key} to show what key (or
+key sequence) to type in order to input the character following point,
+using the selected keyboard layout.  The command @kbd{C-u C-x =} also
+shows that information in addition to the other information about the
+character.

 
 @findex list-input-methods
   To display a list of all the supported input methods, type @kbd{M-x
 
 @findex list-input-methods
   To display a list of all the supported input methods, type @kbd{M-x


@@ -582,12 +593,15 @@ coding systems @code{no-conversion}, @code{raw-text} and
 @cindex international files from DOS/Windows systems
   A special class of coding systems, collectively known as
 @dfn{codepages}, is designed to support text encoded by MS-Windows and
 @cindex international files from DOS/Windows systems
   A special class of coding systems, collectively known as
 @dfn{codepages}, is designed to support text encoded by MS-Windows and

-MS-DOS software.  To use any of these systems, you need to create it
-with @kbd{M-x codepage-setup}.  @xref{MS-DOS and MULE}.  After
-creating the coding system for the codepage, you can use it as any
-other coding system.  For example, to visit a file encoded in codepage
-850, type @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c cp850 @key{RET} C-x C-f @var{filename}
-@key{RET}}.
+MS-DOS software.  The names of these coding systems are
+@code{cp@var{nnnn}}, where @var{nnnn} is a 3- or 4-digit number of the
+codepage.  You can use these encodings just like any other coding
+system; for example, to visit a file encoded in codepage 850, type
+@kbd{C-x @key{RET} c cp850 @key{RET} C-x C-f @var{filename}
+@key{RET}}@footnote{
+In the MS-DOS port of Emacs, you need to create a @code{cp@var{nnn}}
+coding system with @kbd{M-x codepage-setup}, before you can use it.
+@xref{MS-DOS and MULE}.}.

 
   In addition to converting various representations of non-@acronym{ASCII}
 characters, a coding system can perform end-of-line conversion.  Emacs
 
   In addition to converting various representations of non-@acronym{ASCII}
 characters, a coding system can perform end-of-line conversion.  Emacs


@@ -734,7 +748,7 @@ example, to read and write all @samp{.txt} files using the coding system
 @code{china-iso-8bit}, you can execute this Lisp expression:
 
 @smallexample
 @code{china-iso-8bit}, you can execute this Lisp expression:
 
 @smallexample

-(modify-coding-system-alist 'file "\\.txt\\'" 'china-iso-8bit)
+(modify-coding-system-alist 'file "\\.txt\\'" 'chinese-iso-8bit)

 @end smallexample
 
 @noindent
 @end smallexample
 
 @noindent


@@ -808,7 +822,7 @@ pattern, are decoded correctly.  One of the builtin
 
   If Emacs recognizes the encoding of a file incorrectly, you can
 reread the file using the correct coding system by typing @kbd{C-x
 
   If Emacs recognizes the encoding of a file incorrectly, you can
 reread the file using the correct coding system by typing @kbd{C-x

-@key{RET} c @var{coding-system} @key{RET} M-x revert-buffer
+@key{RET} r @var{coding-system}

 @key{RET}}.  To see what coding system Emacs actually used to decode
 the file, look at the coding system mnemonic letter near the left edge
 of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}), or type @kbd{C-h C @key{RET}}.
 @key{RET}}.  To see what coding system Emacs actually used to decode
 the file, look at the coding system mnemonic letter near the left edge
 of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}), or type @kbd{C-h C @key{RET}}.


@@ -928,6 +942,9 @@ files.
 @item C-x @key{RET} X @var{coding} @key{RET}
 Use coding system @var{coding} for transferring @emph{one}
 selection---the next one---to or from the window system.
 @item C-x @key{RET} X @var{coding} @key{RET}
 Use coding system @var{coding} for transferring @emph{one}
 selection---the next one---to or from the window system.

+
+@item M-x recode-region
+Convert the region from a previous coding system to a new one.

 @end table
 
 @kindex C-x RET f
 @end table
 
 @kindex C-x RET f


@@ -1056,6 +1073,12 @@ corresponding buffer.
   The default for translation of process input and output depends on the
 current language environment.
 
   The default for translation of process input and output depends on the
 current language environment.
 

+@findex recode-region
+  If a piece of text has already been inserted into a buffer using the
+wrong coding system, you can decode it again using @kbd{M-x
+recode-region}.  This prompts you for the old coding system and the
+desired coding system, and acts on the text in the region.
+

 @vindex file-name-coding-system
 @cindex file names with non-@acronym{ASCII} characters
 @findex set-file-name-coding-system
 @vindex file-name-coding-system
 @cindex file names with non-@acronym{ASCII} characters
 @findex set-file-name-coding-system


@@ -1084,6 +1107,12 @@ these buffers under the visited file name, saving may use the wrong file
 name, or it may get an error.  If such a problem happens, use @kbd{C-x
 C-w} to specify a new file name for that buffer.
 
 name, or it may get an error.  If such a problem happens, use @kbd{C-x
 C-w} to specify a new file name for that buffer.
 

+@findex recode-file-name
+  If a mistake occurs when encoding a file name, use the command
+@kbd{M-x recode-file-name} to change the file name's coding
+system.  This prompts for an existing file name, its old coding
+system, and the coding system to which you wish to convert.
+

 @vindex locale-coding-system
 @cindex decoding non-@acronym{ASCII} keyboard input on X
   The variable @code{locale-coding-system} specifies a coding system
 @vindex locale-coding-system
 @cindex decoding non-@acronym{ASCII} keyboard input on X
   The variable @code{locale-coding-system} specifies a coding system


@@ -1333,62 +1362,52 @@ inclusive) are displayed as octal escapes.  You can change this for
 non-standard ``extended'' versions of ISO-8859 character sets by using the
 function @code{standard-display-8bit} in the @code{disp-table} library.
 
 non-standard ``extended'' versions of ISO-8859 character sets by using the
 function @code{standard-display-8bit} in the @code{disp-table} library.
 

-  There are several ways you can input single-byte non-@acronym{ASCII}
+  There are two ways to input single-byte non-@acronym{ASCII}

 characters:
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @cindex 8-bit input
 characters:
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @cindex 8-bit input

+@item
+You can use an input method for the selected language environment.
+@xref{Input Methods}.  When you use an input method in a unibyte buffer,
+the non-@acronym{ASCII} character you specify with it is converted to unibyte.
+

 @item
 If your keyboard can generate character codes 128 (decimal) and up,
 representing non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, you can type those character codes
 directly.
 
 @item
 If your keyboard can generate character codes 128 (decimal) and up,
 representing non-@acronym{ASCII} characters, you can type those character codes
 directly.
 

-On a windowing terminal, you should not need to do anything special to
-use these keys; they should simply work.  On a text-only terminal, you
+On a window system, you should not need to do anything special to use
+these keys; they should simply work.  On a text-only terminal, you

 should use the command @code{M-x set-keyboard-coding-system} or the
 should use the command @code{M-x set-keyboard-coding-system} or the

-variable @code{keyboard-coding-system} to specify which coding
-system your keyboard uses (@pxref{Specify Coding}).  Enabling this
-feature will probably require you to use @kbd{ESC} to type Meta
-characters; however, on a console terminal or in @code{xterm}, you can
-arrange for Meta to be converted to @kbd{ESC} and still be able type
-8-bit characters present directly on the keyboard or using
-@kbd{Compose} or @kbd{AltGr} keys.  @xref{User Input}.
-
-@item
-You can use an input method for the selected language environment.
-@xref{Input Methods}.  When you use an input method in a unibyte buffer,
-the non-@acronym{ASCII} character you specify with it is converted to unibyte.
+variable @code{keyboard-coding-system} to specify which coding system
+your keyboard uses (@pxref{Specify Coding}).  Enabling this feature
+will probably require you to use @kbd{ESC} to type Meta characters;
+however, on a console terminal or in @code{xterm}, you can arrange for
+Meta to be converted to @kbd{ESC} and still be able type 8-bit
+characters present directly on the keyboard or using @kbd{Compose} or
+@kbd{AltGr} keys.  @xref{User Input}.

 
 @kindex C-x 8
 @cindex @code{iso-transl} library
 @cindex compose character
 @cindex dead character
 @item
 
 @kindex C-x 8
 @cindex @code{iso-transl} library
 @cindex compose character
 @cindex dead character
 @item

-For Latin-1 only, you can use the
-key @kbd{C-x 8} as a ``compose character'' prefix for entry of
-non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin-1 printing characters.  @kbd{C-x 8} is good for
-insertion (in the minibuffer as well as other buffers), for searching,
-and in any other context where a key sequence is allowed.
+For Latin-1 only, you can use the key @kbd{C-x 8} as a ``compose
+character'' prefix for entry of non-@acronym{ASCII} Latin-1 printing
+characters.  @kbd{C-x 8} is good for insertion (in the minibuffer as
+well as other buffers), for searching, and in any other context where
+a key sequence is allowed.

 
 @kbd{C-x 8} works by loading the @code{iso-transl} library.  Once that
 
 @kbd{C-x 8} works by loading the @code{iso-transl} library.  Once that

-library is loaded, the @key{ALT} modifier key, if you have one, serves
-the same purpose as @kbd{C-x 8}; use @key{ALT} together with an accent
-character to modify the following letter.  In addition, if you have keys
-for the Latin-1 ``dead accent characters,'' they too are defined to
-compose with the following character, once @code{iso-transl} is loaded.
-Use @kbd{C-x 8 C-h} to list the available translations as mnemonic
-command names.
-
-@item
-@cindex @code{iso-acc} library
-@cindex ISO Accents mode
-@findex iso-accents-mode
-@cindex Latin-1, Latin-2 and Latin-3 input mode
-For Latin-1, Latin-2 and Latin-3, @kbd{M-x iso-accents-mode} enables
-a minor mode that works much like the @code{latin-1-prefix} input
-method, but does not depend on having the input methods installed.  This
-mode is buffer-local.  It can be customized for various languages with
-@kbd{M-x iso-accents-customize}.
+library is loaded, the @key{ALT} modifier key, if the keyboard has
+one, serves the same purpose as @kbd{C-x 8}: use @key{ALT} together
+with an accent character to modify the following letter.  In addition,
+if the keyboard has keys for the Latin-1 ``dead accent characters,''
+they too are defined to compose with the following character, once
+@code{iso-transl} is loaded.
+
+Use @kbd{C-x 8 C-h} to list all the available @kbd{C-x 8} translations.

 @end itemize
 
 @node Charsets
 @end itemize
 
 @node Charsets