\input texinfo
-@setchapternewpage odd
-@settitle GNU Emacs Manual
@setfilename ../info/emacs
-@synindex pg cp
+@settitle GNU Emacs Manual
@c The edition number appears in several places in this file
@set EDITION Fourteenth
-@set EMACSVER 21.0.103
+@set EMACSVER 21.3.50
-@ifnottex
+@copying
This is the @value{EDITION} edition of the @cite{GNU Emacs Manual},
updated for Emacs version @value{EMACSVER}.
-@dircategory Emacs
-@direntry
-* Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor.
-@end direntry
-
-Published by the Free Software Foundation
-59 Temple Place, Suite 330
-Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-
-Copyright (C) 1985, 1986,1987,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001
- Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
+1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
-@end ifnottex
+@end quotation
+@end copying
+
+@dircategory Emacs
+@direntry
+* Emacs: (emacs). The extensible self-documenting text editor.
+@end direntry
@c in general, keep the following line commented out, unless doing a
@c copy of this manual that will be published. the manual should go
@c onto the distribution in the full, 8.5 x 11" size.
-@smallbook
+@c @smallbook
+
+@setchapternewpage odd
+@defcodeindex op
+@synindex pg cp
@iftex
@kbdinputstyle code
@shorttitlepage GNU Emacs Manual
@end iftex
+
@titlepage
@sp 6
@center @titlefont{GNU Emacs Manual}
@center Richard Stallman
@page
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
- Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@sp 2
-@value{EDITION} Edition @*
-Updated for Emacs Version @value{EMACSVER}, @*
-August 2000
+@insertcopying
-ISBN 1-882114-06-X
-@sp 1
+@sp 2
+ISBN 1-882114-06-X @*
Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
59 Temple Place, Suite 330 @*
Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-@sp 1
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
-any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
-Invariant Sections being ``The GNU Manifesto'', ``Distribution'' and
-``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
-Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
-license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
-License.''
-
-(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
-this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
-Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
@sp 2
Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.
display editor. This Info file describes how to edit with Emacs and
some of how to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version
@value{EMACSVER}.
-For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{,Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
+
+@ifinfo
+If you never before used the Info documentation system, type @kbd{h},
+and Emacs will take you to a programmed instruction sequence for the
+Info commands.
+@end ifinfo
+
+For information on extending Emacs, see @ref{Top, Emacs Lisp,, elisp, The
Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
@end ifnottex
* Command Index:: An item for each command name.
* Variable Index:: An item for each documented variable.
* Concept Index:: An item for each concept.
+@c This is last because @ifnottex leaves an empty line.
+@ifnottex
+* Option Index:: An item for every command-line option.
+@end ifnottex
Important General Concepts
* Screen:: How to interpret what you see on the screen.
* Text:: Commands and modes for editing English.
* Programs:: Commands and modes for editing programs.
* Building:: Compiling, running and debugging programs.
+* Maintaining:: Features for maintaining large programs.
* Abbrevs:: How to define text abbreviations to reduce
the number of characters you must type.
* Picture:: Editing pictures made up of characters
* Dissociated Press:: Dissociating text for fun.
* Amusements:: Various games and hacks.
* Customization:: Modifying the behavior of Emacs.
+* X Resources:: X resources for customizing Emacs.
Recovery from Problems
* Quitting:: Quitting and aborting.
* Select Buffer:: Creating a new buffer or reselecting an old one.
* List Buffers:: Getting a list of buffers that exist.
-* Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onlyness; copying text.
+* Misc Buffer:: Renaming; changing read-onliness; copying text.
* Kill Buffer:: Killing buffers you no longer need.
* Several Buffers:: How to go through the list of all buffers
and operate variously on several of them.
* Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
* Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer.
* Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
-* Trailing Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
+* Useless Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
* Tooltips:: Showing "tooltips", AKA "ballon help" for active text.
* Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
* Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
International Character Set Support
-* International Intro:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
+* International Chars:: Basic concepts of multibyte characters.
* Enabling Multibyte:: Controlling whether to use multibyte characters.
* Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use.
* Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
Editing Programs
* Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs.
-* Lists:: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
-* List Commands:: The commands for working with list and sexps.
-* Defuns:: Each program is made up of separate functions.
- There are editing commands to operate on them.
+* Defuns:: Commands to operate on major top-level parts
+ of a program.
* Program Indent:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting.
-* Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
* Comments:: Inserting, killing, and aligning comments.
-* Balanced Editing:: Inserting two matching parentheses at once, etc.
-* Symbol Completion:: Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
+* Parentheses:: Commands that operate on parentheses.
* Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call.
-* Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
-* Tags:: Go directly to any function in your program in one
- command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
-* Emerge:: A convenient way of merging two versions of a program.
-* C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C and Java modes.
-* Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features.
-* Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features.
+* Hideshow:: Displaying blocks selectively.
+* Symbol Completion:: Completion on symbol names of your program or language.
+* Glasses:: Making identifiersLikeThis more readable.
+* Misc for Programs:: Other Emacs features useful for editing programs.
+* C Modes:: Special commands of C, C++, Objective-C,
+ Java, and Pike modes.
+* Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features.
+* Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features.
+
+Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns
+
+* Left Margin Paren:: An open-paren or similar opening delimiter
+ starts a defun if it is at the left margin.
+* Moving by Defuns:: Commands to move over or mark a major definition.
+* Imenu:: Making buffer indexes as menus.
+* Which Function:: Which Function mode shows which function you are in.
Indentation for Programs
* Basic Indent:: Indenting a single line.
-* Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
+* Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once.
* Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented.
-* C Indent:: Choosing an indentation style for C code.
+* C Indent:: Extra features for indenting C and related modes.
+* Custom C Indent:: Controlling indentation style for C and related modes.
-Tags Tables
+Commands for Editing with Parentheses
-* Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
-* Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}.
-* Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table.
-* Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
-* Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
-* List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
+* Expressions:: Expressions with balanced parentheses.
+* Moving by Parens:: Commands for moving up, down and across
+ in the structure of parentheses.
+* Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open.
-Merging Files with Emerge
+Manipulating Comments
-* Overview of Emerge:: How to start Emerge. Basic concepts.
-* Submodes of Emerge:: Fast mode vs. Edit mode.
- Skip Prefers mode and Auto Advance mode.
-* State of Difference:: You do the merge by specifying state A or B
- for each difference.
-* Merge Commands:: Commands for selecting a difference,
- changing states of differences, etc.
-* Exiting Emerge:: What to do when you've finished the merge.
-* Combining in Emerge:: How to keep both alternatives for a difference.
-* Fine Points of Emerge:: Misc.
+* Comment Commands:: Inserting, killing, and indenting comments.
+* Multi-Line Comments:: Commands for adding and editing multi-line comments.
+* Options for Comments::Customizing the comment features.
+
+Documentation Lookup
+
+* Info Lookup:: Looking up library functions and commands
+ in Info files.
+* Man Page:: Looking up man pages of library functions and commands.
+* Lisp Doc:: Looking up Emacs Lisp functions, etc.
+
+C and Related Modes
+
+* Motion in C:: Commands to move by C statements, etc.
+* Electric C:: Colon and other chars can automatically reindent.
+* Hungry Delete:: A more powerful DEL command.
+* Other C Commands:: Filling comments, viewing expansion of macros,
+ and other neat features.
+* Comments in C:: Options for customizing comment style.
+
+Fortran Mode
+
+* Motion: Fortran Motion. Moving point by statements or subprograms.
+* Indent: Fortran Indent. Indentation commands for Fortran.
+* Comments: Fortran Comments. Inserting and aligning comments.
+* Autofill: Fortran Autofill. Auto fill minor mode for Fortran.
+* Columns: Fortran Columns. Measuring columns for valid Fortran.
+* Abbrev: Fortran Abbrev. Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords.
Compiling and Testing Programs
* Commands of GUD:: Key bindings for common commands.
* GUD Customization:: Defining your own commands for GUD.
+Maintaining Programs
+
+* Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program.
+@ignore
+* Authors:: Maintaining the Emacs @file{AUTHORS} file.
+@end ignore
+* Tags:: Go direct to any function in your program in one
+ command. Tags remembers which file it is in.
+* Emerge:: A convenient way of merging two versions of a program.
+
+Tags Tables
+
+* Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files.
+* Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with @code{etags}.
+* Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table.
+* Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag.
+* Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing.
+* List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file.
+
+Merging Files with Emerge
+
+* Overview of Emerge:: How to start Emerge. Basic concepts.
+* Submodes of Emerge:: Fast mode vs. Edit mode.
+ Skip Prefers mode and Auto Advance mode.
+* State of Difference:: You do the merge by specifying state A or B
+ for each difference.
+* Merge Commands:: Commands for selecting a difference,
+ changing states of differences, etc.
+* Exiting Emerge:: What to do when you've finished the merge.
+* Combining in Emerge:: How to keep both alternatives for a difference.
+* Fine Points of Emerge:: Misc.
+
Abbrevs
* Abbrev Concepts:: Fundamentals of defined abbrevs.
Dired, the Directory Editor
* Dired Enter:: How to invoke Dired.
-* Dired Commands:: Commands in the Dired buffer.
+* Dired Navigation:: How to move in the Dired buffer.
* Dired Deletion:: Deleting files with Dired.
* Flagging Many Files:: Flagging files based on their names.
* Dired Visiting:: Other file operations through Dired.
Dealing with Emacs Trouble
-* DEL Gets Help:: What to do if @key{DEL} doesn't delete.
+* DEL Does Not Delete:: What to do if @key{DEL} doesn't delete.
* Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
* Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen.
* Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text.
* Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments.
* Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
* Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
-
* Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login.
* Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
-* Colors X:: Choosing colors, under X.
+* Colors:: Choosing display colors.
* Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X.
* Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X.
* Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title.
* Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
-* Resources X:: Advanced use of classes and resources, under X.
+
+X Resources
+
+* Resources:: Using X resources with Emacs (in general).
+* Table of Resources:: Table of specific X resources that affect Emacs.
+* Face Resources:: X resources for customizing faces.
* Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus.
* LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
Glynn Clements, Andrew Csillag, Doug Cutting, Michael DeCorte, Gary
Delp, Matthieu Devin, Eri Ding, Carsten Dominik, Scott Draves, Viktor
Dukhovni, John Eaton, Rolf Ebert, Stephen Eglen, Torbj@"orn Einarsson,
-Tsugumoto Enami, Hans Henrik Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi,
-Frederick Farnback, Fred Fish, Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Noah Friedman,
+Tsugutomo Enami, Hans Henrik Eriksen, Michael Ernst, Ata Etemadi,
+Frederick Farnbach, Fred Fish, Karl Fogel, Gary Foster, Noah Friedman,
Keith Gabryelski, Kevin Gallagher, Kevin Gallo, Howard Gayle, Stephen
Gildea, David Gillespie, Bob Glickstein, Boris Goldowsky, Michelangelo
Grigni, Michael Gschwind, Henry Guillaume, Doug Gwyn, Ken'ichi Handa,
each other, any of which can be redefined in the middle of an editing
session. Almost any part of Emacs can be replaced without making a
separate copy of all of Emacs. Most of the editing commands of Emacs
-are written in Lisp already; the few exceptions could have been written
+are written in Lisp; the few exceptions could have been written
in Lisp but are written in C for efficiency. Although only a programmer
can write an extension, anybody can use it afterward. If you want to
learn Emacs Lisp programming, we recommend the @cite{Introduction to
@include text.texi
@include programs.texi
@include building.texi
+@include maintaining.texi
@include abbrevs.texi
@include picture.texi
@include sending.texi
@include custom.texi
@include trouble.texi
@include cmdargs.texi
+@include xresources.texi
@include anti.texi
@include macos.texi
@include ack.texi
@end ifinfo
+@c The Option Index is produced only in the on-line version,
+@c because the index entries related to command-line options
+@c tend to point to the same pages and all begin with a dash.
+@c This, and the need to keep the node links consistent, are
+@c the reasons for the funky @iftex/@ifnottex dance below.
+@c The Option Index is _not_ before Key Index, because that
+@c would require changes in the glossary.texi's @node line.
+@c It is not after Concept Index for similar reasons.
+
+@iftex
@node Key Index, Command Index, Glossary, Top
@unnumbered Key (Character) Index
@printindex ky
+@end iftex
+
+@ifnottex
+@node Key Index, Option Index, Glossary, Top
+@unnumbered Key (Character) Index
+@printindex ky
+@node Option Index, Command Index, Key Index, Top
+@unnumbered Command-Line Options Index
+@printindex op
+
+@node Command Index, Variable Index, Option Index, Top
+@unnumbered Command and Function Index
+@printindex fn
+@end ifnottex
+
+@iftex
@node Command Index, Variable Index, Key Index, Top
@unnumbered Command and Function Index
@printindex fn
+@end iftex
@node Variable Index, Concept Index, Command Index, Top
@unnumbered Variable Index