@setfilename ../info/org
@settitle Org Mode Manual
-@set VERSION 3.08
-@set DATE April 2005
+@set VERSION 4.26
+@set DATE April 2006
@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
-* Org Mode: (org). Outline-based notes management and organizer
+* Org Mode: (org). outline-based notes management and organizer
@end direntry
@c Version and Contact Info
@c Macro definitions
-@c Subheadings inside a table. Need a difference between info and the rest.
+@c Subheadings inside a table.
@macro tsubheading{text}
@ifinfo
@subsubheading \text\
@copying
This manual is for Org-mode (version @value{VERSION}).
-Copyright @copyright{} 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation
+Copyright @copyright{} 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@menu
* Introduction:: Getting started
-* Document Structure:: A tree works like your brain
+* Document structure:: A tree works like your brain
* Tables:: Pure magic for quick formatting
* Hyperlinks:: Notes in context
* TODO items:: Every tree branch can be a TODO item
* Timestamps:: Assign date and time to items
-* Timeline and Agenda:: Use time-stamped items to produce an agenda
+* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
+* Agenda views:: Collecting information into views
* Exporting:: Sharing and publishing of notes
* Miscellaneous:: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
* Index:: The fast road to specific information
Introduction
* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
-* Installation and Activation:: How to install Org-mode
-* Feedback:: Bug reportes, ideas, patches etc.
+* Installation and activation:: How to install Org-mode
+* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
-Document Structure
+Document structure
* Outlines:: Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines:: How to typeset org-tree headlines
-* Visibility cycling:: Show ad hide, much simplified
+* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
+* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
+* Plain lists:: Editing hand-formatted lists
Tables
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
-* table.el:: Complex tables
+* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
+* Table calculations:: Compute a field from other fields
* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
+* table.el:: Complex tables
+
+Calculations in tables
+
+* Formula syntax:: How to write a formula
+* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for all fields in a column
+* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
+* Named-field formulas:: Formulas valid in single fields
+* Editing/debugging formulas:: Changing a stored formula
+* Appetizer:: Taste the power of calc
Hyperlinks
-* Links:: URL-like links to the world
+* Link format:: How links in Org-mode are formatted
+* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
+* External links:: URL-like links to the world
+* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
+* Search Options:: Linking to a specific location
* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes
+Internal links
+
+* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
+* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links
+
TODO items
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
+* Progress logging:: Document your productivity
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
-Timeline and Agenda
+Tags
+
+* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
+* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
+* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
+
+Agenda views
+* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
+* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
+* Weekly/Daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
+* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
+* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
-* Agenda:: Your weekly planner
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
-* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
-Calendar/Diary integration
+The weekly/daily agenda
-* Diary to agenda:: Agenda incorporates the diary
-* Agenda to diary:: Diary incorporates the agenda
+* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
+* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
+* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
+* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
Exporting
-* Export commands:: Commands which export and display
-* HTML formatting:: Interpretation of the buffer content
-* Export options:: How to influence exports
-* Comment lines:: Lines which will not be exported
+* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
+* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
+* XML export:: Exporting to XML
+* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
+* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file
+
+Text interpretation by the exporter
+
+* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
+* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
+* Export options:: How to influence the export settings
Miscellaneous
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
-* Tips and Tricks:: An author-imposed FAQ, sort of
+* Summary of in-buffer settings:: Using special lines to set options
+* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
+* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
+* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
+* FAQ:: Frequently asked questions
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
-* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
+* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more
@end detailmenu
@end menu
-@node Introduction, Document Structure, Top, Top
+@node Introduction, Document structure, Top, Top
@chapter Introduction
@cindex introduction
@menu
* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
-* Installation and Activation:: How to install Org-mode
-* Feedback:: Bug reportes, ideas, patches etc.
+* Installation and activation:: How to install Org-mode
+* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
@end menu
-@node Summary, Installation and Activation, Introduction, Introduction
+@node Summary, Installation and activation, Introduction, Introduction
@section Summary
@cindex summary
table editor. Org-mode supports ToDo items, deadlines, time stamps,
and scheduling. It dynamically compiles entries into an agenda that
utilizes and smoothly integrates much of the Emacs calendar and diary.
-Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails, usenet
+Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails, Usenet
messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects. For
printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode file can be exported as a
-structured ASCII file, or as HTML.
+structured ASCII file, as HTML, or (todo and agenda items only) as an
+iCalendar file.
-Org-mode keeps simple things simple. Not every outline branch needs
-to be an action item, not every action item needs to have priority or
-scheduling information associated with it. Org-mode can be used on
-different levels and in different ways, for example
+Org-mode keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should
+feel like a simple, easy to use outliner. Complexity is not imposed,
+but a large amount of functionality is available when you need it.
+Org-mode can be used on different levels and in different ways, for
+example:
@example
@r{@bullet{} as an outline extension with visibility cycling and structure editing}
-@r{@bullet{} as an ASCII system and table editor to take structured notes}
+@r{@bullet{} as an ASCII system and table editor for taking structured notes}
+@r{@bullet{} as an ASCII table editor with spreadsheet-like capabilities}
@r{@bullet{} as a simple hypertext system, with HTML export}
@r{@bullet{} as a TODO list editor}
@r{@bullet{} as a full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling}
@page
-@node Installation and Activation, Feedback, Summary, Introduction
+@node Installation and activation, Feedback, Summary, Introduction
@section Installation and Activation
@cindex installation
@cindex autoload
@cindex global keybindings
@cindex keybindings, global
-The instructions below assume that you have downloaded Org-mode from
-the web. If Org-mode is part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs
-package, you only need to add to @file{.emacs} the last three Lisp
-lines below - all the rest will be taken care of automatically.
+If Org-mode is part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs package,
+you only need to copy the following lines to your @file{.emacs} file.
+The last two lines define @emph{global} keys for the commands
+@command{org-store-link} and @command{org-agenda} - please
+choose suitable keys yourself.
-Byte-compile @file{org.el} and put it on your load path. If you'd
-like to use the Info documentation, copy the file @file{org} into the
-directory containing info files and run the command @code{install-info
-org}.
+@lisp
+;; The following lines are always needed. Choose your own keys.
+(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org$" . org-mode))
+(define-key global-map "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
+(define-key global-map "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
+@end lisp
-Then copy the following lines into @file{.emacs}. The last two lines
-define @emph{global} keys for the commands @command{org-store-link}
-and @command{org-agenda} - please choose suitable keys yourself.
+If you have downloaded Org-mode from the Web, you must byte-compile
+@file{org.el} and put it on your load path. In addition to the Emacs
+Lisp lines above, you also need to add the following lines to
+@file{.emacs}:
@lisp
;; These lines only if org-mode is not part of the X/Emacs distribution.
(autoload 'org-store-link "org" "Store a link to the current location" t)
(autoload 'orgtbl-mode "org" "Org tables as a minor mode" t)
(autoload 'turn-on-orgtbl "org" "Org tables as a minor mode")
-
-;; The following lines are always needed. Choose your own keys.
-(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.org$" . org-mode))
-(define-key global-map "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
-(define-key global-map "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
@end lisp
@cindex org-mode, turning on
-@noindent
-This will put all files with extension @samp{.org} into Org-mode. As
-an alternative, make the first line of a file look like this:
+With this setup, all files with extension @samp{.org} will be put into
+Org-mode. As an alternative, make the first line of a file look like
+this:
@example
MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*-
@noindent which will select Org-mode for this buffer no matter what
the file's name is. See also the variable
-@code{org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file'}.
+@code{org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file}.
-@node Feedback, , Installation and Activation, Introduction
+@node Feedback, , Installation and activation, Introduction
@section Feedback
@cindex feedback
@cindex bug reports
For bug reports, please provide as much information as possible,
including the version information of Emacs (@kbd{C-h v emacs-version
-@key{RET}}) and Org-mode (@kbd{M-x org-version}), as well as the
-Org-mode related setup in @file{.emacs}. If an error occurs, a
+@key{RET}}) and Org-mode (@kbd{C-h v org-version @key{RET}}), as well as
+the Org-mode related setup in @file{.emacs}. If an error occurs, a
traceback can be very useful. Often a small example file helps, along
with clear information about:
+
@enumerate
@item What exactly did you do?
@item What did you expect to happen?
@item What happened instead?
@end enumerate
-@noindent Thanks for helping to improve this mode.
+@noindent Thank you for helping to improve this mode.
-
-@node Document Structure, Tables, Introduction, Top
+@node Document structure, Tables, Introduction, Top
@chapter Document Structure
@cindex document structure
@cindex structure of document
@menu
* Outlines:: Org-mode is based on outline-mode
* Headlines:: How to typeset org-tree headlines
-* Visibility cycling:: Show ad hide, much simplified
+* Visibility cycling:: Show and hide, much simplified
* Motion:: Jumping to other headlines
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
+* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
+* Plain lists:: Editing hand-formatted lists
@end menu
-@node Outlines, Headlines, Document Structure, Document Structure
+@node Outlines, Headlines, Document structure, Document structure
@section Outlines
@cindex outlines
@cindex outline-mode
single command @command{org-cycle}, which is bound to the @key{TAB}
key.
-@node Headlines, Visibility cycling, Outlines, Document Structure
+@node Headlines, Visibility cycling, Outlines, Document structure
@section Headlines
@cindex headlines
@cindex outline tree
-Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The Headlines in
-Org-mode start with one or more stars, for example
+Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in
+Org-mode start with one or more stars, on the left margin. For
+example:
@example
* Top level headline
* Another top level headline
@end example
-@node Visibility cycling, Motion, Headlines, Document Structure
+@noindent Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an
+outline that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline
+starters. @ref{Clean view} describes a setup to realize this.
+
+@node Visibility cycling, Motion, Headlines, Document structure
@section Visibility cycling
+@cindex cycling, visibility
@cindex visibility cycling
@cindex trees, visibility
+@cindex show hidden text
+@cindex hide text
Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer.
Org-mode uses a single command bound to the @key{TAB} key to change
@kindex @key{TAB}
@item @key{TAB}
Rotate current subtree between the states
+
@example
,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --.
'-----------------------------------'
@end example
+
At the beginning of the buffer (or when called with @kbd{C-u}), this does
the same as the command @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} below.
@kindex S-@key{TAB}
@item S-@key{TAB}
Rotate the entire buffer between the states
+
@example
,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --.
'--------------------------------------'
@end example
+
Note that inside tables, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} jumps to the previous field.
@cindex show all, command
Show all.
@end table
-When Emacs firsts visits a Org-mode file, the global state is set to
+When Emacs first visits an Org-mode file, the global state is set to
OVERVIEW, i.e. only the top level headlines are visible. This can be
configured through the variable @code{org-startup-folded}, or on a
per-file basis by adding one of the following lines anywhere in the
buffer:
@example
-#+STARTUP: fold
-#+STARTUP: nofold
+#+STARTUP: overview
#+STARTUP: content
+#+STARTUP: showall
@end example
-@node Motion, Structure editing, Visibility cycling, Document Structure
+@node Motion, Structure editing, Visibility cycling, Document structure
@section Motion
@cindex motion, between headlines
@cindex jumping, to headlines
+@cindex headline navigation
The following commands jump to other headlines in the buffer.
@table @kbd
visible.
@end table
-@node Structure editing, Sparse trees, Motion, Document Structure
+@node Structure editing, Archiving, Motion, Document structure
@section Structure editing
@cindex structure editing
@cindex headline, promotion and demotion
@cindex promotion, of subtrees
@cindex demotion, of subtrees
@cindex subtree, cut and paste
-@cindex pasting, subtrees
-@cindex cutting, subtrees
-@cindex copying, subtrees
+@cindex pasting, of subtrees
+@cindex cutting, of subtrees
+@cindex copying, of subtrees
+@cindex subtrees, cut and paste
@table @kbd
@kindex M-@key{RET}
@item M-@key{RET}
-Insert new heading with same level as current
+Insert new heading with same level as current. If the cursor is in a
+plain list item, a new item is created (@pxref{Plain lists}). To force
+creation of a new headline, use a prefix arg, or first press @key{RET}
+to get to the beginning of the next line. When this command is used in
+the middle of a line, the line is split and the rest of the line becomes
+the new headline. If the command is used at the beginning of a
+headline, the new headline is created before the current line. It at
+the beginning of any other line, the content of that line is made the
+new heading.
@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
@item M-S-@key{RET}
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading.
@kindex M-@key{left}
@item M-@key{left}
-Promote current heading by one level
+Promote current heading by one level.
@kindex M-@key{right}
@item M-@key{right}
-Demote current heading by one level
+Demote current heading by one level.
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
@item M-S-@key{left}
-Promote the current subtree by one level
+Promote the current subtree by one level.
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
@item M-S-@key{right}
-Demote the current subtree by one level
+Demote the current subtree by one level.
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
@item M-S-@key{up}
-Move subtree up (swap with previous subtree of same level)
+Move subtree up (swap with previous subtree of same
+level).
@kindex M-S-@key{down}
@item M-S-@key{down}
-Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level)
-@kindex C-c C-h C-w
-@item C-c C-h C-w
+Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level).
+@kindex C-c C-x C-w
+@kindex C-c C-x C-k
+@item C-c C-x C-w
+@itemx C-c C-x C-k
Kill subtree, i.e. remove it from buffer but save in kill ring.
-@kindex C-c C-h M-w
-@item C-c C-h M-w
+@kindex C-c C-x M-w
+@item C-c C-x M-w
Copy subtree to kill ring.
-@kindex C-c C-h C-y
-@item C-c C-h C-y
+@kindex C-c C-x C-y
+@item C-c C-x C-y
Yank subtree from kill ring. This does modify the level of the subtree to
make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position. The yank
level can also be specified with a prefix arg, or by yanking after a
inside a table (@pxref{Tables}), the Meta-Cursor keys have different
functionality.
-@node Sparse trees, , Structure editing, Document Structure
+@node Archiving, Sparse trees, Structure editing, Document structure
+@section Archiving
+@cindex archiving
+@cindex filing subtrees
+
+When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want
+to move the tree to an archive place, either in the same file under a
+special top-level heading, or even to a different file.
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c $
+@item @kbd{C-c $}
+Archive the subtree starting at the cursor position to the location
+given by @code{org-archive-location}.
+@end table
+
+@cindex archive locations
+The default archive is a file in the same directory as the current
+file, with the name derived by appending @file{_archive} to the
+current file name. For information and examples on how to change
+this, see the documentation string of the variable
+@code{org-archive-location}. If you are also using the Org-mode
+agenda, archiving to a different file is a good way to keep archived
+trees from contributing agenda items.
+
+@node Sparse trees, Plain lists, Archiving, Document structure
@section Sparse trees
@cindex sparse trees
@cindex trees, sparse
@emph{sparse trees} for selected information in an outline tree. A
sparse tree means that the entire document is folded as much as
possible, but the selected information is made visible along with the
-headline structure above it. Just try it out and you will see
+headline structure above it@footnote{See also the variables
+@code{org-show-hierarchy-above} and
+@code{org-show-following-heading}.}. Just try it out and you will see
immediately how it works.
Org-mode contains several commands creating such trees. The most
match is in the body of an entry, headline and body are made visible.
In order to provide minimal context, also the full hierarchy of
headlines above the match is shown, as well as the headline following
-the match.
+the match. Each match is also highlighted, the highlights disappear
+when the buffer is changed with an editing command.
@end table
+@noindent
+For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can
+use the variable @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} to define fast
+keyboard access to specific sparse trees. These commands will then be
+accessible through the agenda dispatcher (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
+For example:
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
+ '(("f" occur-tree "FIXME")))
+@end lisp
-Other commands are using this feature as well. For example @kbd{C-c
+@noindent will define the key @kbd{C-c a f} as a shortcut for creating
+a sparse tree matching the string @samp{FIXME}.
+
+Other commands are using sparse trees as well. For example @kbd{C-c
C-v} creates a sparse TODO tree (@pxref{TODO basics}).
@kindex C-c C-x v
@cindex visible text, printing
To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command
@code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces} which does not print invisible parts
-of the document @footnote{this does not work under XEmacs, because
-XEmacs uses selective display for outlining, not text properties}.
+of the document @footnote{This does not work under XEmacs, because
+XEmacs uses selective display for outlining, not text properties.}.
Or you can use the command @kbd{C-c C-x v} to copy the visible part of
-the document to another file (extension @file{.txt}) which then can be
+the document to another file (extension @file{.txt}) which can then be
printed in any desired way.
-@node Tables, Hyperlinks, Document Structure, Top
+
+@node Plain lists, , Sparse trees, Document structure
+@section Plain lists
+@cindex plain lists
+@cindex lists, plain
+@cindex lists, ordered
+@cindex ordered lists
+
+Headlines define both the structure of the Org-mode file, and also lists
+(for example, TODO items (@pxref{TODO items}) should be created using
+headline levels). However, when taking notes, the plain text is
+sometimes easier to read with hand-formatted lists. Org-mode supports
+editing such lists, and the HTML exporter (@pxref{Exporting}) does
+parse and format them.
+
+Org-mode knows ordered and unordered lists. Unordered list items start
+with @samp{-}, @samp{+}, or @samp{*}@footnote{When using @samp{*} as a
+bullet, lines must be indented or they will be seen as top-level
+headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading stars to get a clean
+outline view, plain list items starting with a star are visually
+indistinguishable from true headlines. In short: even though @samp{*}
+is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain list items} as
+bullets. Ordered list items start with @samp{1.} or @samp{1)}. Items
+belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the first
+line. In particular, if an ordered list reaches number @samp{10.}, then
+the 2--digit numbers must be written left-aligned with the other numbers
+in the list. Indentation also determines the end of a list item. It
+ends before the next line that is indented like the bullet/number, or
+less. For example:
+
+@example
+@group
+** Lord of the Rings
+My favorite scenes are (in this order)
+1. Eowyns fight with the witch king
+ + this was already my favorite scene in the book
+ + I really like Miranda Otto.
+2. The attack of the Rohirrim
+3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas
+ - on DVD only
+ He makes a really funny face when it happens.
+But in the end, not individual scenes matter but the film as a whole.
+@end group
+@end example
+
+Org-mode supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands
+to correctly deal with them. Furthermore, the following commands act
+on items when the cursor is in the first line of an item (the line
+with the bullet or number).
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex @key{TAB}
+@item @key{TAB}
+Items can be folded just like headline levels if you set the variable
+@code{org-cycle-include-plain-lists}. The level of an item is then
+given by the indentation of the bullet/number. However, items are
+always subordinate to real headlines, the hierarchies remain
+completely separated.
+@kindex M-@key{RET}
+@item M-@key{RET}
+Insert new item at current level. With prefix arg, force a new heading
+(@pxref{Structure editing}). If this command is used in the middle of a
+line, the line is @emph{split} and the rest of the line becomes the new
+item. If this command is executed in the @emph{whitespace before a bullet or
+number}, the new item is created @emph{before} the current item. If the
+command is executed in the white space before the text that is part of
+an item but does not contain the bullet, a bullet is added to the
+current line.
+@kindex M-S-@key{up}
+@kindex M-S-@key{down}
+@item M-S-@key{up}
+@itemx M-S-@key{down}
+Move the item including subitems up/down (swap with previous/next item
+of same indentation). If the list is ordered, renumbering is
+automatic.
+@kindex M-S-@key{left}
+@kindex M-S-@key{right}
+@item M-S-@key{left}
+@itemx M-S-@key{right}
+Decrease/increase the indentation of the item, including subitems.
+Initially, the item tree is selected based on current indentation.
+When these commands are executed several times in direct succession,
+the initially selected region is used, even if the new indentation
+would imply a different hierarchy. To use the new hierarchy, break
+the command chain with a cursor motion or so.
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@item C-c C-c
+Renumber the ordered list at the cursor.
+@end table
+
+@node Tables, Hyperlinks, Document structure, Top
@chapter Tables
@cindex tables
+@cindex editing tables
-For taking notes, tables are an essential tool because they allow
-immediate and clear structuring of data. Org-mode has a very fast and
-intuitive table editor built-in. More complex tables can be created
-with the Emacs table.el package.
+Org-mode has a very fast and intuitive table editor built-in.
+Spreadsheet-like calculations are supported in connection with the
+Emacs @file{calc} package.
@menu
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
-* table.el:: Complex tables
+* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
+* Table calculations:: Compute a field from other fields
* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
+* table.el:: Complex tables
@end menu
-@node Built-in table editor, table.el, Tables, Tables
+@node Built-in table editor, Narrow columns, Tables, Tables
@section The built-in table editor
@cindex table editor, builtin
@end example
A table is re-aligned automatically each time you press @key{TAB} or
-@key{RET} inside the table. @key{TAB} also moves to the next field
-(@key{RET} to the next row) and creates new table rows at the end of the
-table or before horizontal lines. The indentation of the table is set
-by the first line. Any line starting with @samp{|-} is considered as a
-horizontal separator line and will be expanded on the next re-align to
-span the whole table width. So, to create the above table, you would
-only type
+@key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} inside the table. @key{TAB} also moves to
+the next field (@key{RET} to the next row) and creates new table rows
+at the end of the table or before horizontal lines. The indentation
+of the table is set by the first line. Any line starting with
+@samp{|-} is considered as a horizontal separator line and will be
+expanded on the next re-align to span the whole table width. So, to
+create the above table, you would only type
@example
|Name|Phone|Age
@noindent and then press @key{TAB} to align the table and start filling in
fields.
+When typing text into a field, Org-mode treats @key{DEL},
+@key{Backspace}, and all character keys in a special way, so that
+inserting and deleting avoids shifting other fields. Also, when
+typing @emph{immediately after the cursor was moved into a new field
+with @kbd{@key{TAB}}, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} or @kbd{@key{RET}}}, the
+field is automatically made blank. If this behavior is too
+unpredictable for you, configure the variables
+@code{org-enable-table-editor} and @code{org-table-auto-blank-field}.
+
@table @kbd
@tsubheading{Creation and conversion}
-@kindex C-c C-c
-@item C-c C-c
-Recognize @file{table.el} table. Works when the cursor is in a
-table.el table
-
-@kindex C-c C-c
-@item C-c C-c
-Convert region to table. Works when the cursor is not in an existing
-table, and when there is a region defined. If every line contains at
-least one TAB character, the function assumes that the material is tab
-separated. If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields. You
-can use a prefix argument to indicate how many consecutive spaces are
-at least required to indicate a field separator (default: just one).
-
-@item M-x org-table-create
-Creates an empty Org-mode table. However, it is much easier to just
-start typing, like @kbd{|Name|Phone|Age @key{RET} |- @key{TAB}}
+@kindex C-c |
+@item C-c |
+Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at least one
+TAB character, the function assumes that the material is tab separated.
+If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields. You can use a prefix
+argument to indicate the minimum number of consecutive spaces required
+to identify a field separator (default: just one).@*
+If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org-mode
+table. However, it's easier to just start typing, like
+@kbd{|Name|Phone|Age @key{RET} |- @key{TAB}}.
@tsubheading{Re-aligning and field motion}
@kindex C-c C-c
@kindex S-@key{TAB}
@item S-@key{TAB}
-Move to previous field.
+Re-align, move to previous field.
@kindex @key{RET}
@item @key{RET}
@kindex M-@key{right}
@item M-@key{left}
@itemx M-@key{right}
-Move the current column left/right
+Move the current column left/right.
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
@item M-S-@key{left}
@kindex M-@key{down}
@item M-@key{up}
@itemx M-@key{down}
-Move the current row up/down
+Move the current row up/down.
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
@item M-S-@key{up}
@kindex C-c -
@item C-c -
-Insert a horizontal line below current row. With prefix arg, line is
-created above the current line.
+Insert a horizontal line below current row. With prefix arg, the line
+is created above the current line.
+
+@kindex C-c ^
+@item C-c ^
+Sort the table lines in the region. Point and mark must be in the first
+and last line to be included, and must be in the column that should be
+used for sorting. The command prompts for numerical versus
+alphanumerical sorting.
@tsubheading{Regions}
-@kindex C-c C-h M-w
-@item C-c C-h M-w
-Copy an rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard. Point
+@kindex C-c C-x M-w
+@item C-c C-x M-w
+Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard. Point
and mark determine edge fields of the rectangle. The process ignores
horizontal separator lines.
-@kindex C-c C-h C-w
-@item C-c C-h C-w
-Copy an rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and
-blank all fields in the rectangle.
-@kindex C-c C-h C-y
-@item C-c C-h C-y
+@kindex C-c C-x C-w
+@item C-c C-x C-w
+Copy a rectangular region from a table to a special clipboard, and
+blank all fields in the rectangle. So this is the ``cut'' operation.
+@kindex C-c C-x C-y
+@item C-c C-x C-y
Paste a rectangular region into a table.
The upper right corner ends up in the current field. All involved fields
will be overwritten. If the rectangle does not fit into the present table,
is no region, the current field is split at the cursor position and the
text fragment to the right of the cursor is prepended to the field one
line down. If there is no region, but you specify a prefix ARG, the
-current field gets blank, and the content is appended to the field
+current field is made blank, and the content is appended to the field
above.
@tsubheading{Calculations}
+@cindex formula, in tables
+@cindex calculations, in tables
+@kindex C-c =
+@item C-c =
+Install a new formula for the current column and replace current field
+with the result of the formula.
+
+@kindex C-u C-c =
+@item C-u C-c =
+Install a new formula for the current field, which must be a named
+field. Evaluate the formula and replace the field content with the
+result.
+
+@kindex C-c '
+@item C-c '
+Edit all formulas associated with the current table in a separate
+buffer.
+
+@kindex C-c *
+@item C-c *
+Recalculate the current row by applying the stored formulas from left
+to right. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, recalculate the
+entire table, starting with the first non-header line (i.e. below the
+first horizontal separator line). For details, see @ref{Table calculations}.
+
+@kindex C-#
+@item C-#
+Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states
+@samp{}, @samp{#}, @samp{*}, @samp{!}, @samp{$}. For the meaning of
+these marks see @ref{Advanced features}. When there is an active
+region, change all marks in the region.
+
@kindex C-c ?
@item C-c ?
Which table column is the cursor in? Displays number >0 in echo
-area.
+area.
@cindex region, active
@cindex active region
@kindex C-c +
@item C-c +
Sum the numbers in the current column, or in the rectangle defined by
-the active region. The result is displayed in the echo area and can
+the active region. The result is shown in the echo area and can
be inserted with @kbd{C-y}.
-@kindex S-@key{RET}
-@item S-@key{RET}
+@kindex S-@key{RET}
+@item S-@key{RET}
When current field is empty, copy from first non-empty field above.
When not empty, copy current field down to next row and move cursor
along with it. Depending on the variable
@code{org-table-copy-increment}, integer field values will be
-incremented during copy.
-
-@cindex formula, in tables
-@cindex calculations, in tables
-@kindex C-c =
-@item C-c =
-Replace current field with the result of a formula. Requires the
-Emacs calc package. The formula can access the current field with
-@samp{$}, and the other fields in the current row
-with @samp{$1}, @samp{$2},... For details see the documentation of the
-command @command{org-table-eval-formula}.
+incremented during copy. This key is also used by CUA-mode
+(@pxref{Interaction}).
@tsubheading{Miscellaneous}
-@kindex C-c |
-@item C-c |
-Toggle the visibility of vertical lines in tables. The lines are
-still there, only made invisible with a text property. Any @samp{|}
-added by hand will become invisible on the next align.
-Typographically it is good style to have no vertical lines in tables.
+@kindex C-c `
+@item C-c `
+Edit the current field in a separate window. This is useful for fields
+that are not fully visible (@pxref{Narrow columns}). When called with a
+@kbd{C-u} prefix, just make the full field visible, so that it can be
+edited in place.
+
+@kindex C-c @key{TAB}
+@item C-c @key{TAB}
+This is an alias for @kbd{C-u C-c `} to make the current field fully
+visible.
@item M-x org-table-import
Import a file as a table. The table should be TAB- or whitespace
-separated. Useful for example to import an Excel table or data from a
+separated. Useful, for example, to import an Excel table or data from a
database, because these programs generally can write TAB-separated text
files. This command works by inserting the file into the buffer and
then converting the region to a table. Any prefix argument is passed on
to the converter, which uses it to determine the separator.
@item M-x org-table-export
-Export the table as a TAB-separated file. Useful for data exchange with
-for example Excel or database programs.
+Export the table as a TAB-separated file. Useful for data exchange with,
+for example, Excel or database programs.
@end table
-If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets into your
-way in lines which you would like to start with @samp{|}, you can turn
+If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets in your
+way on lines which you would like to start with @samp{|}, you can turn
it off with
+
@lisp
(setq org-enable-table-editor nil)
@end lisp
+
@noindent The only table command which then still works is
@kbd{C-c C-c} to do a manual re-align.
-@node table.el, orgtbl-mode, Built-in table editor, Tables
-@section The @file{table.el} package
-@kindex C-c C-c
-@cindex table editor, table.el
-@cindex @file{table.el}
+@node Narrow columns, Table calculations, Built-in table editor, Tables
+@section Narrow columns
+@cindex narrow columns in tables
-More complex ASCII tables (with automatic line wrapping, column- and
-row-spanning, and alignment) can be created using the Emacs table
-package by Takaaki Ota (@uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/table}).
-When @key{TAB} or @kbd{C-c C-c} is pressed in such a table, Org-mode
-will call @command{table-recognize-table} and move the cursor into the
-table. Inside a table, the keymap of Org-mode is inactive. In order
-to execute org-related commands, leave the table.
+The width of columns is automatically determined by the table editor.
+Sometimes a single field or a few fields need to carry more text,
+leading to inconveniently wide columns. To limit@footnote{This feature
+does not work on XEmacs.} the width of a column, one field anywhere in
+the column may contain just the string @samp{<N>} where @samp{N} is an
+integer specifying the width of the column in characters. The next
+re-align will then set the width of this column to no more than this
+value.
-@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c #
-@item C-c #
-Insert a table.el table. If there is already a table at point, this
-command converts it between the table.el format and the Org-mode
-format. See the documentation string of the command
-@code{org-convert-table} for the restrictions under which this is
-possible.
+@example
+|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
+| | | | | <6> |
+| 1 | one | | 1 | one |
+| 2 | two | ----\ | 2 | two |
+| 3 | This is a long chunk of text | ----/ | 3 | This=> |
+| 4 | four | | 4 | four |
+|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Fields that are wider become clipped and end in the string @samp{=>}.
+Note that the full text is still in the buffer, it is only invisible.
+To see the full text, hold the mouse over the field - a tooltip window
+will show the full content. To edit such a field, use the command
+@kbd{C-c `} (that is @kbd{C-c} followed by the backquote). This will
+open a new window with the full field. Edit it and finish with @kbd{C-c
+C-c}.
+
+When visiting a file containing a table with narrowed columns, the
+necessary character hiding has not yet happened, and the table needs to
+be aligned before it looks nice. Setting the option
+@code{org-startup-align-all-tables} will realign all tables in a file
+upon visiting, but also slow down startup. You can also set this option
+on a per-file basis with:
+
+@example
+#+STARTUP: align
+#+STARTUP: noalign
+@end example
+
+@node Table calculations, orgtbl-mode, Narrow columns, Tables
+@section Calculations in tables
+@cindex calculations, in tables
+@cindex spreadsheet capabilities
+@cindex @file{calc} package
+
+The table editor makes use of the Emacs @file{calc} package to
+implement spreadsheet-like capabilities. Org-mode has two levels of
+complexity for table calculations. On the basic level, tables do only
+horizontal computations, so a field can be computed from other fields
+@emph{in the same row}, and Org-mode assumes that there is only one
+formula for each column. This is very efficient to work with and
+enough for many tasks. On the complex level, columns and individual
+fields can be named for easier referencing in formulas, individual
+named fields can have their own formula associated with them, and
+recalculation can be automated.
+
+@menu
+* Formula syntax:: How to write a formula
+* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for all fields in a column
+* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
+* Named-field formulas:: Formulas valid in single fields
+* Editing/debugging formulas:: Changing a stored formula
+* Appetizer:: Taste the power of calc
+@end menu
+
+@node Formula syntax, Column formulas, Table calculations, Table calculations
+@subsection Formula syntax
+@cindex formula syntax
+@cindex syntax, of formulas
+
+A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs
+@file{calc} package. Note that @file{calc} has the slightly
+non-standard convention that @samp{/} has lower precedence than
+@samp{*}, so that @samp{a/b*c} is interpreted as @samp{a/(b*c)}. Before
+evaluation by @code{calc-eval} (@pxref{Calling Calc from Your
+Programs,calc-eval,Calling calc from Your Lisp Programs,calc,GNU Emacs
+Calc Manual}), variable substitution takes place:
+
+@example
+ $ @r{refers to the current field}
+ $3 @r{refers to the field in column 3 of the current row}
+ $3..$7 @r{a vector of the fields in columns 3-7 of current row}
+ $P1..$P3 @r{vector of column range, using column names}
+ &2 @r{second data field above the current, in same column}
+ &5-2 @r{vector from fifth to second field above current}
+ &III-II @r{vector of fields between 2nd and 3rd hline above}
+ &III @r{vector of fields between third hline above and current field}
+ $name @r{a named field, parameter or constant}
+@end example
+
+@cindex vectors, in table calculations
+The range vectors can be directly fed into the calc vector functions
+like @samp{vmean} and @samp{vsum}.
+
+@cindex name, of column or field
+@cindex constants, in calculations
+@samp{$name} is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or
+constant. Constants are defined globally through the variable
+@code{org-table-formula-constants}. If you have the
+@file{constants.el} package, it will also be used to resolve
+constants, including natural constants like @samp{$h} for Planck's
+constant, and units like @samp{$km} for kilometers. Column names and
+parameters can be specified in special table lines. These are
+described below, see @ref{Advanced features}.
+
+@cindex format specifier
+@cindex mode, for @file{calc}
+A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon. This
+string consists of flags to influence calc's modes@footnote{By
+default, Org-mode uses the standard calc modes (precision 12, angular
+units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off). However, the display
+format has been changed to @code{(float 5)} to keep tables compact.
+The default settings can be configured using the variable
+@code{org-calc-default-modes}.} during execution, e.g. @samp{p20} to
+switch the internal precision to 20 digits, @samp{n3}, @samp{s3},
+@samp{e2} or @samp{f4} to switch to normal, scientific, engineering,
+or fixed display format, respectively, and @samp{D}, @samp{R}, @samp{F},
+and @samp{S} to turn on degrees, radians, fraction and symbolic modes,
+respectively. In addition, you may provide a @code{printf} format
+specifier to reformat the final result. A few examples:
+
+@example
+ $1+$2 @r{Sum of first and second field}
+ $1+$2;%.2f @r{Same, format result to two decimals}
+ exp($2)+exp($1) @r{Math functions can be used}
+ $;%.1f @r{Reformat current cell to 1 decimal}
+ ($3-32)*5/9 @r{Degrees F -> C conversion}
+ $c/$1/$cm @r{Hz -> cm conversion, using @file{constants.el}}
+ tan($1);Dp3s1 @r{Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1}
+ sin($1);Dp3%.1e @r{Same, but use printf specifier for display}
+ vmean($2..$7) @r{Compute column range mean, using vector function}
+ vsum(&III) @r{Sum numbers from 3rd hline above, up to here}
+ taylor($3,x=7,2) @r{taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree}
+@end example
+
+@node Column formulas, Advanced features, Formula syntax, Table calculations
+@subsection Column formulas
+@cindex column formula
+@cindex formula, for table column
+
+To apply a formula to a field, type it directly into the field,
+preceded by an equal sign, like @samp{=$1+$2}. When you press
+@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the
+field, the formula will be stored as the formula for the current
+column, evaluated and the current field replaced with the result. If
+the field contains only @samp{=}, the previously stored formula for
+this column is used.
+
+For each column, Org-mode will remember the most recently used
+formula. The information is stored in a special line starting with
+@samp{#+TBLFM} directly below the table. When adding/deleting/moving
+columns with the appropriate commands, the stored equations will be
+modified accordingly. When a column used in a calculation is removed,
+references to this column become invalid and will cause an error upon
+applying the equation.
+
+Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
+command @kbd{C-c =}. It prompts for a formula (with default taken
+from the @samp{#+TBLFM:} line) and applies it to the current field. A
+numerical prefix (e.g. @kbd{C-5 C-c =}) will apply it to that many
+subsequent fields in the current column.
+
+@cindex recomputing table fields
+To recompute all the fields in a line, use the command @kbd{C-c *}.
+It re-applies all stored equations to the current row, from left to
+right. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix, this will be done to every line in
+the table, so use this command it you want to make sure the entire
+table is up-to-date. @kbd{C-u C-c C-c} is another way to update the
+entire table. Global updating does not touch the line(s) above the
+first horizontal separator line, assuming that this is the table
+header.
+
+@node Advanced features, Named-field formulas, Column formulas, Table calculations
+@subsection Advanced features
+
+If you want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically,
+or if you want to be able to assign a formula to an individual field
+(instead of an entire column) you need to reserve the first column of
+the table for special marking characters. Here is an example of a
+table that collects exam results of students and makes use of these
+features:
+
+@example
+@group
+|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
+| | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note |
+|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
+| ! | | P1 | P2 | P3 | Tot | |
+| # | Maximum | 10 | 15 | 25 | 50 | 10.0 |
+| ^ | | m1 | m2 | m3 | mt | |
+|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
+| # | Peter | 10 | 8 | 23 | 41 | 8.2 |
+| # | Sara | 6 | 14 | 19 | 39 | 7.8 |
+| # | Sam | 2 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 1.8 |
+|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
+| | Average | | | | 29.7 | |
+| ^ | | | | | at | |
+| $ | max=50 | | | | | |
+|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
+#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(&II);%.1f
+@end group
+@end example
+
+@noindent @b{Important}: Please note that for these special tables,
+recalculating the table with @kbd{C-u C-c *} will only affect rows
+which are marked @samp{#} or @samp{*}, and named fields. The column
+formulas are not applied in rows with empty first field.
+
+@cindex marking characters, tables
+The marking characters have the following meaning:
+@table @samp
+@item !
+The fields in this line define names for the columns, so that you may
+refer to a column as @samp{$Tot} instead of @samp{$6}.
+@item ^
+This row defines names for the fields @emph{above} the row. With such
+a definition, any formula in the table may use @samp{$m1} to refer to
+the value @samp{10}. Also, named fields can have their own formula
+associated with them.
+@item _
+Similar to @samp{^}, but defines names for the fields in the row
+@emph{below}.
+@item $
+Fields in this row can define @emph{parameters} for formulas. For
+example, if a field in a @samp{$} row contains @samp{max=50}, then
+formulas in this table can refer to the value 50 using @samp{$max}.
+Parameters work exactly like constants, only that they can be defined on
+a per-table basis. Changing a parameter and then recalculating the
+table can be useful.
+@item #
+Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when pressing
+@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} in this row. Also, this row
+is selected for a global recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}. Unmarked
+lines will be left alone by this command.
+@item *
+Selects this line for global recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}, but
+not for automatic recalculation. Use this when automatic
+recalculation slows down editing too much.
+@item
+Unmarked lines are exempt from recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}.
+All lines that should be recalculated should be marked with @samp{#}
+or @samp{*}.
@end table
-@node orgtbl-mode, , table.el, Tables
+@node Named-field formulas, Editing/debugging formulas, Advanced features, Table calculations
+@subsection Named-field formulas
+@cindex named field formula
+@cindex formula, for named table field
+
+A named field can have its own formula associated with it. In the
+example above, this is used for the @samp{at} field that contains
+the average result of the students. To enter a formula for a named
+field, just type it into the buffer, preceded by @samp{:=}. Or use
+@kbd{C-u C-c =}. This equation will be stored below the table like
+@samp{$name=...}. Any recalculation in the table (even if only
+requested for the current line) will also update all named field
+formulas.
+
+@node Editing/debugging formulas, Appetizer, Named-field formulas, Table calculations
+@subsection Editing and debugging formulas
+@cindex formula editing
+@cindex editing, of table formulas
+
+To edit a column or field formula, use the commands @kbd{C-c
+=} and @kbd{C-u C-c =}, respectively. The currently active expression
+is then presented as default in the minibuffer, where it may be edited.
+
+Note that making a table field blank does not remove the formula
+associated with the field - during the next recalculation the field
+will be filled again. To remove a formula from a field, you have to
+give an empty reply when prompted for the formula, or to edit the
+@samp{#+TBLFM} line.
+
+@kindex C-c C-c
+You may edit the @samp{#+TBLFM} directly and re-apply
+the changed equations with @kbd{C-c C-c} in that line, or with the
+normal recalculation commands in the table.
+
+@kindex C-c '
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@kindex C-c C-q
+@kindex C-c ?
+In particular for large tables with many formulas, it is convenient to
+use the command @kbd{C-c '} to edit the formulas of the current table
+in a separate buffer. That buffer will show the formulas one per
+line, and you are free to edit, add and remove formulas. Press
+@kbd{C-c ?} on a @samp{$...} expression to get information about its
+interpretation. Exiting the buffer with @kbd{C-c C-c} only stores the
+modified formulas below the table. Exiting with @kbd{C-u C-c C-c}
+also applies them to the entire table. @kbd{C-c C-q} exits without
+installing the changes.
+
+When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content
+becomes the string @samp{#ERROR}. If you would like see what is going
+on during variable substitution and calculation in order to find a
+bug, turn on formula debugging in the menu and repeat the calculation,
+for example by pressing @kbd{C-c = @key{RET}} in a field.
+Detailed information will be displayed.
+
+@node Appetizer, , Editing/debugging formulas, Table calculations
+@subsection Appetizer
+
+Finally, just to wet your appetite on what can be done with the fantastic
+@file{calc} package, here is a table that computes the Taylor series
+for a couple of functions (homework: try that with Excel :-)
+
+@example
+@group
+|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
+| | Func | n | x | Result |
+|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
+| # | exp(x) | 1 | x | 1 + x |
+| # | exp(x) | 2 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 |
+| # | exp(x) | 3 | x | 1 + x + x^2 / 2 + x^3 / 6 |
+| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=0 | x*(0.5 / 0) + x^2 (2 - 0.25 / 0) / 2 |
+| # | x^2+sqrt(x) | 2 | x=1 | 2 + 2.5 x - 2.5 + 0.875 (x - 1)^2 |
+| * | tan(x) | 3 | x | 0.0175 x + 1.77e-6 x^3 |
+|---+-------------+---+-----+--------------------------------------|
+#+TBLFM: $5=taylor($2,$4,$3);n3
+@end group
+@end example
+
+@node orgtbl-mode, table.el, Table calculations, Tables
@section The Orgtbl minor mode
@cindex orgtbl-mode
-@cindex Minor mode for tables
+@cindex minor mode for tables
If you like the intuitive way the Org-mode table editor works, you
might want to use it also in other modes like text-mode or mail-mode.
The minor mode Orgtbl-mode makes this possible. You can always toggle
the mode with @kbd{M-x orgtbl-mode}. To turn it on by default, for
example in mail mode, use
+
@lisp
(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl)
@end lisp
+@node table.el, , orgtbl-mode, Tables
+@section The @file{table.el} package
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@cindex table editor, @file{table.el}
+@cindex @file{table.el}
+
+Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and
+row-spanning, and alignment can be created using the Emacs table
+package by Takaaki Ota (@uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/table},
+and also part of Emacs 22).
+When @key{TAB} or @kbd{C-c C-c} is pressed in such a table, Org-mode
+will call @command{table-recognize-table} and move the cursor into the
+table. Inside a table, the keymap of Org-mode is inactive. In order
+to execute Org-mode-related commands, leave the table.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@item C-c C-c
+Recognize @file{table.el} table. Works when the cursor is in a
+table.el table.
+
+@kindex C-c ~
+@item C-c ~
+Insert a table.el table. If there is already a table at point, this
+command converts it between the table.el format and the Org-mode
+format. See the documentation string of the command
+@code{org-convert-table} for the restrictions under which this is
+possible.
+@end table
+
@node Hyperlinks, TODO items, Tables, Top
@chapter Hyperlinks
@cindex hyperlinks
-Just like HMTL, Org-mode provides links to other files, usenet
-articles, emails and much more.
+Just like HMTL, Org-mode provides links inside a file, and external
+links to other files, Usenet articles, emails and much more.
@menu
-* Links:: URL-like links to the world
+* Link format:: How links in Org-mode are formatted
+* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
+* External links:: URL-like links to the world
+* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
+* Search Options:: Linking to a specific location
* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes
@end menu
-@node Links, Remember, Hyperlinks, Hyperlinks
-@section Links
-@cindex links
+@node Link format, Internal links, Hyperlinks, Hyperlinks
+@section Link format
+@cindex link format
+@cindex format, of links
+
+Org-mode will recognize plain URL-like links and activate them as
+clickable links. However, the general link format looks like this:
+
+@example
+[[link][description]] @r{or alternatively} [[link]]
+@end example
+
+Once a link in the buffer is complete (all brackets present), Org-mode
+will change the display so that @samp{description} is displayed instead
+of @samp{[[link][description]]} and @samp{link} is displayed instead of
+@samp{[[link]]}. Links will be highlighted in the face @code{org-link},
+which by default is an underlined face. You can directly edit the
+visible part of a link. Note that this can be either the @samp{link}
+part (if there is not description) or the @samp{description} part. To
+edit also the invisible @samp{link} part, use @kbd{C-c C-l} with the
+cursor on the link.
+
+If you place the cursor at the beginning or just behind the end of the
+displayed text and press @key{BACKSPACE}, you will remove the
+(invisible) bracket at that location. This makes the link incomplete
+and the internals are again displayed as plain text. Inserting the
+missing bracket does hide the link internals again. To show the
+internal structure of all links, use the menu entry
+@code{Org->Hyperlinks->Literal links}.
+
+@node Internal links, External links, Link format, Hyperlinks
+@section Internal links
+@cindex internal links
+@cindex links, internal
+@cindex CamelCase links
+
+If the link does not look like a URL, it is considered to be internal in
+the current file. Links such as @samp{[[My Target]]} or @samp{[[My
+Target][Find my target]]} lead to a text search in the current file.
+The link can be followed with @kbd{C-c C-o} when the cursor is on the
+link, or with a mouse click (@pxref{Handling links}). The preferred
+match for such a link is a dedicated target: The same string in double
+angular brackets. Targets may be located anywhere, often it is
+convenient to put them into a comment line, for example
+
+@example
+# <<My Target>>
+@end example
+
+@noindent In HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), such targets will become
+named anchors for direct access through @samp{http} links.
+
+If no dedicated target exists, Org-mode will search for the words in the
+link. In the above example the search would be for @samp{my target}.
+Links starting with a star like @samp{*My Target} restrict the search to
+headlines. When searching, Org-mode will first try an exact match, but
+then move on to more and more lenient searches. For example, the link
+@samp{[[*My Targets]]} will find any of the following:
+
+@example
+** My targets
+** TODO my targets are bright
+** my 20 targets are
+@end example
+
+To insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion can be used.
+Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into the buffer and
+press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. All headlines in the current buffer will be
+offered as completions. @xref{Handling links}, for more commands
+creating links.
+
+Following a link pushes a mark onto Org-mode's own mark ring. You can
+return to the previous position with @kbd{C-c &}. Using this command
+several times in direct succession goes back to positions recorded
+earlier.
+
+@menu
+* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
+* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links
+@end menu
+
+@node Radio targets, CamelCase links, Internal links, Internal links
+@subsection Radio targets
+
+You can configure Org-mode to link any occurrences of certain target
+names in normal text. So without explicitly creating a link, the text
+connects to the target radioing its position. Radio targets are
+enclosed by triple angular brackets. For example, a target
+@samp{<<<My Target>>>} causes each occurrence of @samp{my target} in
+normal text to become activated as a link. The Org-mode file is
+scanned automatically for radio targets only when the file is first
+loaded into Emacs. To update the target list during editing, press
+@kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor on or at a target.
+
+@node CamelCase links, , Radio targets, Internal links
+@subsection CamelCase words as links
+@cindex completion, of CamelCase links
+@cindex CamelCase links, completion of
+
+Org-mode also supports CamelCase words as links. This feature is not
+turned on by default because of the inconsistencies this system suffers
+from. To activate CamelCase words as links, you need to customize
+the option @code{org-activate-links}. A CamelCase word then leads to a
+text search such that @samp{CamelCaseLink} is equivalent to
+@samp{[[camel case link]]}.
+
+@node External links, Handling links, Internal links, Hyperlinks
+@section External links
+@cindex links, external
+@cindex external links
+@cindex links, external
@cindex GNUS links
@cindex BBDB links
+@cindex URL links
+@cindex file links
@cindex VM links
@cindex RMAIL links
@cindex WANDERLUST links
+@cindex MH-E links
@cindex USENET links
@cindex SHELL links
-Org-mode supports links to files, websites, usenet and email messages;
-and BBDB database entries. Links are just plain-text URL-like locators.
-The following list shows examples for each link type.
+Org-mode supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages;
+and BBDB database entries. External links are URL-like locators. The
+following list shows examples for each link type.
@example
http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik @r{on the web}
file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg @r{file, absolute path}
file:papers/last.pdf @r{file, relative path}
-file:~/code/main.c:255 @r{file, with line number}
news:comp.emacs @r{Usenet link}
mailto:adent@@galaxy.net @r{Mail link}
vm:folder @r{VM folder link}
vm://myself@@some.where.org/folder#id @r{VM on remote machine}
wl:folder @r{WANDERLUST folder link}
wl:folder#id @r{WANDERLUST message link}
+mhe:folder @r{MH-E folder link}
+mhe:folder#id @r{MH-E message link}
rmail:folder @r{RMAIL folder link}
rmail:folder#id @r{RMAIL message link}
gnus:group @r{GNUS group link}
shell:ls *.org @r{A shell command}
@end example
-A link may contain space characters and is terminated by the end of
-the line or, in tables, by the end of the table field. Therefore,
-outside of tables there can be only one link per line (but see the
-variable @code{org-allow-space-in-links}).
+A link should be enclosed in double brackets and may contain a
+descriptive text to be displayed instead of the url (@pxref{Link
+format}), for example:
+
+@example
+[[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/][GNU Emacs]]
+@end example
+
+@cindex angular brackets, around links
+@cindex plain text external links
+Org-mode also finds external links in the normal text and activates them
+as links. If spaces must be part of the link (for example in
+@samp{bbdb:Richard Stallman}) or to remove ambiguities about the end of
+the link, enclose them in angular brackets.
+
+@node Handling links, Search Options, External links, Hyperlinks
+@section Handling links
+
+Org-mode provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to
+insert it into an org-mode file, and to follow the link.
-@cindex storing links
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c l
+@cindex storing links
@item C-c l
Store a link to the current location. This is a @emph{global} command
which can be used in any buffer to create a link. The link will be
-stored for later insertion into an Org-mode buffer (see below). For VM,
-RMAIL, WANDERLUST, GNUS and BBDB buffers, the link will point to the
-current article/entry. For W3 and W3M buffer, the link goes to the
-current URL. For any other files, the link will just point to the file.
-The key binding @kbd{C-c l} is only a suggestion - see
-@ref{Installation and Activation}.
+stored for later insertion into an Org-mode buffer (see below). For
+Org-mode files, if there is a @samp{<<target>>} at the cursor, the link
+points to the target. Otherwise it points to the current headline. For
+VM, RMAIL, WANDERLUST, MH-E, GNUS and BBDB buffers, the link will
+indicate to the current article/entry. For W3 and W3M buffers, the link
+goes to the current URL. For any other files, the link will point to
+the file, with a search string (@pxref{Search Options}) pointing to the
+contents of the current line. If there is an active region, the
+selected words will form the basis of the search string. The key
+binding @kbd{C-c l} is only a suggestion - see @ref{Installation and
+activation}.
@kindex C-c C-l
+@cindex link completion
+@cindex completion, of links
+@cindex inserting links
@item C-c C-l
-Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the
-buffer. You can just type a link, using one of the link type prefixes
-mentioned in the examples above. Through completion, all links stored
-during the current session can be accessed. When called with prefix
-arg, you can use file name completion to enter a file link. Note that
-you don't have to use this command to insert a link. Links in
+Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the buffer.
+You can just type a link, using text for an internal link, or one of the
+link type prefixes mentioned in the examples above. Through completion,
+all links stored during the current session can be accessed. The link
+will be inserted into the buffer, along with a descriptive text. Note
+that you don't have to use this command to insert a link. Links in
Org-mode are plain text, and you can type or paste them straight into
-the buffer.
-
-@cindex inserting links
+the buffer. By using this command, the links are automatically enclosed
+in double brackets, and you will be asked for the optional descriptive
+text.
+
+@kindex C-u C-c C-l
+@cindex file name completion
+@cindex completion, of file names
+@item C-u C-c C-l
+When @kbd{C-c C-l} is called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, a link to
+a file will be inserted and you may use file name completion to select
+the name of the file. The path to the file is inserted relative to the
+directory of the current org file, if the linked file is in the current
+directory or in a subdirectory of it, or if the path is written relative
+to the current directory using @samp{../}. Otherwise an absolute path
+is used, if possible with @samp{~/} for your home directory. You can
+force an absolute path with two @kbd{C-u} prefixes.
+
+@item C-c C-l @r{with cursor on existing link}
+When the cursor is on an existing link, @kbd{C-c C-l} allows to edit the
+link and description parts of the link.
+
+@cindex following links
@kindex C-c C-o
@item C-c C-o
Open link at point. This will launch a web browser for URLs (using
-@command{browse-url-at-point}), run vm/gnus/bbdb for the corresponding
-links, execute the command in a shell link, visit text files with
-Emacs and select a suitable application for non-text files.
-Classification of files is based on file extension only. See option
-@code{org-file-apps}. If there is no link at point, the current
-subtree will be searched for one. If you want to override the default
-application and visit the file with Emacs, use a @kbd{C-u} prefix.
-If the cursor is on a time stamp, compiles the agenda for that date.
-
-@strong{IMPORTANT}: Be careful not to use any dangerous commands in a
-shell link.
+@command{browse-url-at-point}), run vm/mh-e/wanderlust/rmail/gnus/bbdb
+for the corresponding links, and execute the command in a shell link.
+When the cursor is on an internal link, this commands runs the
+corresponding search. When the cursor is on a TAGS list in a headline,
+it creates the corresponding TAGS view. If the cursor is on a time
+stamp, it compiles the agenda for that date. Furthermore, it will visit
+text files in @samp{file:} links with Emacs and select a suitable
+application for non-text files. Classification of files is based on
+file extension only. See option @code{org-file-apps}. If you want to
+override the default application and visit the file with Emacs, use a
+@kbd{C-u} prefix.
@kindex mouse-2
+@kindex mouse-1
@item mouse-2
-On links, @kbd{mouse-2} will open the link just like @kbd{C-c C-o} would.
+@itemx mouse-1
+On links, @kbd{mouse-2} will open the link just like @kbd{C-c C-o}
+would. Under Emacs 22, also @kbd{mouse-1} will follow a link.
@kindex mouse-3
@item mouse-3
Like @kbd{mouse-2}, but force file links to be opened with Emacs.
+
+@cindex mark ring
+@kindex C-c %
+@item C-c %
+Push the current position onto the mark ring, to be able to return
+easily. Commands following an internal link do this automatically.
+
+@cindex links, returning to
+@kindex C-c &
+@item C-c &
+Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the
+commands following internal links, and by @kbd{C-c %}. Using this
+command several times in direct succession moves through a ring of
+previously recorded positions.
+@end table
+
+
+@node Search Options, Remember, Handling links, Hyperlinks
+@section Search options in file links
+@cindex search option in file links
+@cindex file links, searching
+
+File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a
+particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a
+line number or a search option after a double@footnote{For backward
+compatibility, line numbers can also follow a single colon.} colon.
+For example:
+
+@example
+[[file:~/code/main.c::255]]
+[[file:~/xx.org::My Target]]
+[[file:~/xx.org::*My Target]]
+[[file:~/xx.org::/regexp/]]
+@end example
+
+@noindent Here is what these options do.
+
+@table @code
+@item 255
+Jump to line 255.
+@item My Target
+Search for a link target @samp{<<My Target>>}, or do a text search for
+@samp{my target}, similar to the search in internal links, see
+@ref{Internal links}. In HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), such a file
+link will become an html reference to the corresponding named anchor in
+the linked file.
+@item *My Target
+In an Org-mode file, restrict search to headlines.
+@item /regexp/
+Do a regular expression search for @code{regexp}. This uses the Emacs
+command @code{occur} to list all matches in a separate window. If the
+target file is in Org-mode, @code{org-occur} is used to create a
+sparse tree with the matches.
+@c If the target file is a directory,
+@c @code{grep} will be used to search all files in the directory.
@end table
-@node Remember, , Links, Hyperlinks
+As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used
+to search the current file. For example, @code{<file:::find me>} does
+a search for @samp{find me} in the current file, just like
+@samp{[[find me]]} would.
+
+@node Remember, , Search Options, Hyperlinks
@section Remember
@cindex @file{remember.el}
store quick notes with little interruption of your work flow. See
@uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RememberMode} for more
information. The notes produced by @emph{Remember} can be stored in
-different ways, and Org-mode files are a good target.
-Org-mode allows to file away notes either to a default file, or
-directly to the correct location in your Org-mode outline tree. The
-following customization will tell @emph{Remember} to use org files as
-target, and to create annotations compatible with Org-mode links.
+different ways, and Org-mode files are a good target. Org-mode allows
+to file away notes either to a default file, or directly to the
+correct location in your Org-mode outline tree. The following
+customization@footnote{The three autoload forms are only necessary if
+@file{org.el} is not part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs
+package.} will tell @emph{Remember} to use org files as target, and to
+create annotations compatible with Org-mode links.
-@c FIXME: The autoload will not be necessary when Org-mode is part of Emacs
@example
-(autoload 'org-remember-annotation "org")
-(autoload 'org-remember-handler "org")
(setq org-directory "~/path/to/my/orgfiles/")
(setq org-default-notes-file "~/.notes")
+(autoload 'org-remember-annotation "org")
+(autoload 'org-remember-apply-template "org")
+(autoload 'org-remember-handler "org")
(setq remember-annotation-functions '(org-remember-annotation))
(setq remember-handler-functions '(org-remember-handler))
+(add-hook 'remember-mode-hook 'org-remember-apply-template)
+@end example
+
+@cindex templates, for remember
+In combination with Org-mode, you can use templates to generate
+different types of remember notes. For example, if you would like to
+use one template to create general TODO entries, and another one for
+journal entries, you could use:
+
+@example
+(setq org-remember-templates
+ '((?t "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a" "~/org/TODO.org")
+ (?j "* %U %?\n\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org")))
+@end example
+
+@noindent In these entries, the character specifies how to select the
+template, the first string specifies the template, and the (optional)
+second string specifies a default file (overruling
+@code{org-default-notes-file}) as a target for this note.
+
+When you call @kbd{M-x remember} to remember something, org will prompt
+for a key to select the template and then prepare the buffer like
+@example
+* TODO
+ <file:link to where you called remember>
+@end example
+
+@noindent or
+
+@example
+* [2006-03-21 Tue 15:37]
+
+ <file:link to where you called remember>
@end example
-When you compose a note with remember, you have to press @kbd{C-c C-c}
-to exit remember-mode and to file away the note. The handler first
-prompts for a target file - if you press @key{RET}, the value of
+@noindent See the variable @code{org-remember-templates} for more details.
+
+When you are finished composing a note with remember, you have to press
+@kbd{C-c C-c} to file the note away. The handler first prompts for a
+target file - if you press @key{RET}, the value of
@code{org-default-notes-file} is used. Then the command offers the
headings tree of the selected file. You can either immediately press
-@key{RET} to get the note appended to the file. Or you can use
-vertical cursor motion (@key{up} and @key{down}) and visibility
-cycling (@key{TAB}) to find a better place. Pressing @key{RET} or
-@key{left} or @key{right} leads to the following result.
+@key{RET} to get the note appended to the file. Or you can use vertical
+cursor motion (@key{up} and @key{down}) and visibility cycling
+(@key{TAB}) to find a better place. Pressing @key{RET} or @key{left} or
+@key{right} leads to the following result.
@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.1 0.7
@item @b{Cursor position} @tab @b{Key} @tab @b{Note gets inserted}
@item on headline @tab @key{RET} @tab as sublevel of the heading at cursor
@item @tab @key{left} @tab as same level, before current heading
@item @tab @key{right} @tab as same level, after current heading
-@item not on headline @tab @key{RET}
+@item not on headline @tab @key{RET}
@tab at cursor position, level taken from context.
Or use prefix arg to specify level manually.
@end multitable
-So the fastest way to store the note is to press @kbd{C-c C-c @key{RET}
-@key{RET}} to append it to the default file. But with little extra
-effort, you can push it directly to the correct location.
+So a fast way to store the note is to press @kbd{C-c C-c @key{RET}
+@key{RET}} to append it to the default file. Even shorter would be
+@kbd{C-u C-c C-c}, which does the same without even showing the tree.
+But with little extra effort, you can push it directly to the correct
+location.
Before inserting the text into a tree, the function ensures that the
text has a headline, i.e. a first line that starts with a @samp{*}.
non-nil, the entire text is also indented so that it starts in the
same column as the headline (after the asterisks).
+
@node TODO items, Timestamps, Hyperlinks, Top
@chapter TODO items
@cindex TODO items
@menu
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
+* Progress logging:: Document your productivity
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
@end menu
-@node TODO basics, TODO extensions, TODO items, TODO items
+@node TODO basics, Progress logging, TODO items, TODO items
@section Basic TODO functionality
Any headline can become a TODO item by starting it with the word TODO,
-for example
+for example:
@example
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-t
+@cindex cycling, of TODO states
@item C-c C-t
Rotate the TODO state of the current item between
+
@example
,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --.
'--------------------------------'
@end example
+
The same rotation can also be done ``remotely'' from the timeline and
agenda buffers with the @kbd{t} command key (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
@kindex C-c C-v
@item C-c C-v
View TODO items in a @emph{sparse tree} (@pxref{Sparse trees}). Folds
the entire buffer, but shows all TODO items and the headings hierarchy
-above them. With prefix arg, show also the DONE entries.
-@item C-u C-c a
-A @kbd{C-u} argument to the @code{org-agenda command} (@pxref{Agenda})
-collects all unfinished TODO items into a single place.
+above them. With prefix arg, show also the DONE entries. With
+numerical prefix N, show the tree for the Nth keyword in the variable
+@code{org-todo-keywords}.
+@kindex C-c a t
+@item C-c a t
+Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
+agenda files (@pxref{Agenda views}) into a single buffer. The buffer is in
+@code{agenda-mode}, so there are commands to examine and manipulate
+the TODO entries directly from that buffer (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
+@xref{Global TODO list}, for more information.
+@c @item @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo}
+@c If you would like to have all your TODO items listed as part of your
+@c agenda, customize the variable @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo}.
@end table
-@node TODO extensions, Priorities, TODO basics, TODO items
+@node Progress logging, TODO extensions, TODO basics, TODO items
+@section Progress Logging
+@cindex progress logging
+@cindex logging, of progress
+If you want to keep track of @emph{when} a certain TODO item was
+finished, turn on logging with
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-log-done t)
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent
+Then each time you turn a TODO entry into DONE using either @kbd{C-c
+C-t} in the Org-mode buffer or @kbd{t} in the agenda buffer, a line
+@samp{CLOSED: [timestamp]} will be inserted just after the headline.
+If you turn the entry back into a TODO item again through further
+state cycling, that line will be removed again. In the timeline
+(@pxref{Timeline}) and in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}),
+you can then use the @kbd{L} key to display the TODO items closed on
+each day, giving you an overview of what has been done on a day.
+
+@node TODO extensions, Priorities, Progress logging, TODO items
@section Extended use of TODO keywords
@cindex extended TODO keywords
-The default implementation of TODO entries is just two states: TODO
-and DONE. You can, however, use the TODO feature for more
-complicated things by configuring the variables
-@code{org-todo-keywords} and @code{org-todo-interpretation}. Using
-special setup, you can even use TODO keywords in different ways in
-different org files.
+The default implementation of TODO entries is just two states: TODO and
+DONE. You can, however, use the TODO feature for more complicated
+things by configuring the variables @code{org-todo-keywords} and
+@code{org-todo-interpretation}. Using special setup, you can even use
+TODO keywords in different ways in different org files.
+
+Note that @i{tags} are another way to classify headlines in general and
+TODO items in particular (@pxref{Tags}).
@menu
* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
@cindex workflow states as TODO keywords
You can use TODO keywords to indicate different states in the process
-of working on an item, for example
+of working on an item, for example:
@lisp
(setq org-todo-keywords '("TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "DONE")
org-todo-interpretation 'sequence)
@end lisp
+@cindex completion, of TODO keywords
+Changing these variables becomes only effective in a new Emacs session.
With this setup, the command @kbd{C-c C-t} will cycle an entry from
-TODO to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally too DONE. You may also
+TODO to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally to DONE. You may also
use a prefix argument to quickly select a specific state. For example
@kbd{C-3 C-c C-t} will change the state immediately to VERIFY.
If you define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion (see
The second possibility is to use TODO keywords to indicate different
types of action items. For example, you might want to indicate that
-items are for ``work'' or ``home''. Or, when you work with several
-people on a single project, you might want to assign action items
-directly to persons, by using their names as TODO keywords. This
-would be set up like this:
+items are for ``work'' or ``home''. If you are into David Allen's
+@emph{Getting Things DONE}, you might want to use todo types
+@samp{NEXTACTION}, @samp{WAITING}, @samp{MAYBE}. Or, when you work
+with several people on a single project, you might want to assign
+action items directly to persons, by using their names as TODO
+keywords. This would be set up like this:
@lisp
(setq org-todo-keywords '("Fred" "Sara" "Lucy" "Mike" "DONE")
In this case, different keywords do not indicate a sequence, but
rather different types. So it is normally not useful to change from
-one type to another. Therefore, in this case the the behavior of the
+one type to another. Therefore, in this case the behavior of the
command @kbd{C-c C-t} is changed slightly@footnote{This is also true
-for the @kbd{t} command in the timeline and agenda buffers}. When
+for the @kbd{t} command in the timeline and agenda buffers.}. When
used several times in succession, it will still cycle through all
-names. But when when you return to the item after some time and
-execute @kbd{C-c C-t} again, it will switch from each name directly to
-DONE. Use prefix arguments or completion to quickly select a specific
-name.
+names. But when you return to the item after some time and execute
+@kbd{C-c C-t} again, it will switch from each name directly to DONE.
+Use prefix arguments or completion to quickly select a specific name.
+You can also review the items of a specific TODO type in a sparse tree
+by using a numeric prefix to @kbd{C-c C-v}. For example, to see all
+things Lucy has to do, you would use @kbd{C-3 C-c C-v}. To collect
+Lucy's items from all agenda files into a single buffer, you
+would use the prefix arg as well when creating the global todo list:
+@kbd{C-3 C-c t}.
@node Per file keywords, , TODO types, TODO extensions
@subsection Setting up TODO keywords for individual files
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike DONE
@end example
-@cindex Completing option keywords
+@cindex Completion, of option keywords
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
@noindent To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type
@samp{#+} into the buffer and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion.
changing one of these lines, use @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still
in the line to make the changes known to Org-mode@footnote{Org-mode
parses these lines only when Org-mode is activated after visiting a
-file. @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in a line starting with @samp{#-}
+file. @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in a line starting with @samp{#+}
is simply restarting Org-mode, making sure that these changes will be
-respected.}.
+respected.}.
If you want to use very many keywords, for example when working with a
large group of people, you may split the names over several lines:
With its standard setup, Org-mode supports priorities @samp{A},
@samp{B}, and @samp{C}. @samp{A} is the highest priority. An entry
without a cookie is treated as priority @samp{B}. Priorities make a
-difference only in the agenda (@pxref{Agenda}).
+difference only in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}).
@table @kbd
@kindex @kbd{C-c ,}
@itemx S-@key{down}
Increase/decrease priority of current item. Note that these keys are
also used to modify time stamps (@pxref{Creating timestamps}).
+Furthermore, these keys are also used by CUA-mode
+(@pxref{Interaction}).
@end table
-
-
-@node Timestamps, Timeline and Agenda, TODO items, Top
+@node Timestamps, Tags, TODO items, Top
@chapter Timestamps
Items can be labeled with timestamps to make them useful for project
@node Time stamps, Creating timestamps, Timestamps, Timestamps
@section Time stamps, deadlines and scheduling
@cindex time stamps
+@cindex ranges, time
+@cindex date stamps
@cindex deadlines
@cindex scheduling
A time stamp is a specification of a date (possibly with time) in a
special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>} or @samp{<2003-09-16
Tue 09:39>}. A time stamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body
-of an org-tree entry. Its presence allows to show entries on specific
-dates in the agenda (@pxref{Agenda}). We distinguish:
+of an org-tree entry. Its presence allows entries to be shown on specific
+dates in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}). We distinguish:
@table @var
@cindex timestamp
@item TIMESTAMP
-A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item. In the
-timeline and agenda displays, the headline of the entry will be shown
-exactly on that date.
+A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is just
+like writing down an appointment in a paper agenda, or like writing down
+an event in a diary, when you want to take not of when something
+happened. In the timeline and agenda displays, the headline of an entry
+associated with a plain time stamp will be shown exactly on that date.
@item TIMERANGE
@cindex timerange
<2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu>
@end example
+@item SCHEDULED
+@cindex SCHEDULED keyword
+If a time stamp is preceded by the word @samp{SCHEDULED:}, it means you
+are planning to start working on that task on the given date. So this is
+not about recording an event, but about planning your work. The
+headline will be listed under the given date. In addition, a reminder
+that the scheduled date has passed will be present in the compilation
+for @emph{today}, until the entry is marked DONE. I.e., the task will
+automatically be forwarded until completed.
+
+@example
+*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve.
+ SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat>
+@end example
+
@item DEADLINE
-@cindex deadline
+@cindex DEADLINE keyword
If a time stamp is preceded by the word @samp{DEADLINE:}, the task
(most likely a TODO item) is supposed to be finished on that date, and
-it will be listed then. In addition, the compilation for the
-@emph{current day} will carry a warning about the approaching or
-missed deadline, starting @code{org-deadline-warning-days} before the
-due date, and continuing until the entry is marked DONE. An example:
+it will be listed then. In addition, the compilation for @emph{today}
+will carry a warning about the approaching or missed deadline,
+starting @code{org-deadline-warning-days} before the due date, and
+continuing until the entry is marked DONE. An example:
@example
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
- The editor in charge is bbdb:Ford Prefect
+ The editor in charge is <bbdb:Ford Prefect>
DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>
@end example
-
-@item SCHEDULED
-@cindex scheduled
-If a time stamp is preceded by the word @samp{SCHEDULED:}, it means
-you are planning to start working on that task on the given date. The
-headline will be listed under the given date. In addition, a reminder
-that the scheduled date has passed will be present in the compilation
-for the @emph{current day}, until the entry is marked DONE. I.e., the
-task will automatically be forwarded.
@end table
@node Creating timestamps, , Time stamps, Timestamps
@section Creating timestamps
@cindex creating timestamps
+@cindex timestamps, creating
For Org-mode to recognize time stamps, they need to be in the specific
format. All commands listed below produce time stamps in the correct
@kindex C-u C-c .
@item C-u C-c .
Like @kbd{C-c .}, but use the alternative format which contains date
-and time.
+and time. The default time can be rounded to multiples of 5 minutes,
+see the option @code{org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes}.
+
+@kindex C-c !
+@item C-c !
+Like @kbd{C-c .}, but insert an inactive time stamp not triggering the
+agenda.
@kindex C-c <
@item C-c <
@kindex C-c C-o
@item C-c C-o
Access the agenda for the date given by the time stamp at point
-(@pxref{Agenda}).
+(@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}).
@kindex C-c C-d
@item C-c C-d
@kindex S-@key{right}
@item S-@key{left}
@itemx S-@key{right}
-Change date at cursor by one day.
+Change date at cursor by one day. These key bindings conflict with
+CUA-mode (@pxref{Interaction}).
@kindex S-@key{up}
@kindex S-@key{down}
@itemx S-@key{down}
Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp. The cursor can be on
a year, month, day, hour or minute. Note that if the cursor is not at
-a time stamp, these same keys modify the priority of an item
-(@pxref{Priorities}).
+a time stamp, these same keys modify the priority of an item.
+(@pxref{Priorities}). The key bindings also conflict with CUA-mode
+(@pxref{Interaction}).
+
@kindex C-c C-y
@cindex evaluate time range
@cindex date, reading in minibuffer
@cindex time, reading in minibuffer
@cindex calendar, for selecting date
-When org prompts for a date/time, the function reading your input will
-replace anything you choose not to specify with the current date and
-time. For details, see the documentation string of
+When Org-mode prompts for a date/time, the function reading your input
+will replace anything you choose not to specify with the current date
+and time. For details, see the documentation string of
@command{org-read-date}. Also, a calender will pop up to allow
selecting a date. The calendar can be fully controlled from the
minibuffer, and a date can be selected with the following commands:
Choose date in calendar (only if nothing typed into minibuffer).
@end table
-@node Timeline and Agenda, Exporting, Timestamps, Top
-@chapter Timeline and Agenda
-@cindex agenda
-
-We have already described three commands to filter important
-information in an org file into a sparse tree (@pxref{Sparse trees}):
+@node Tags, Agenda views, Timestamps, Top
+@chapter Tags
+@cindex tags
+@cindex headline tagging
+@cindex matching, tags
+@cindex sparse tree, tag based
-@cindex sparse trees
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-The TODO tree, (@kbd{C-c C-v}), see @ref{TODO items}.
-@item
-The occur tree @kbd{C-c /}, see @ref{TODO items}.
-@item
-Checking upcoming deadlines with @kbd{C-c C-w}, see @ref{Creating
-timestamps}.
-@end itemize
-@noindent
+If you wish to implement a system to cross-correlate information, an
+excellent way is to assign @i{tags} to headline. Org-mode has
+extensive support for using tags.
-Instead of using the sparse trees, Org-mode can also collect and
-time-sort the important items into a separate buffer, which we call
-the @emph{timeline} of the org file. It can also collect information
-from a @emph{list of files} and in this way provide an @emph{agenda}
-which covers all of your current projects, action items and
-appointments.
+Every headline can contain a list of tags, at the end of the headline.
+Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, @samp{_}, and
+@samp{@@}. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon; like
+@samp{:WORK:}. Several tags can be specified like @samp{:WORK:URGENT:}.
@menu
-* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
-* Agenda:: Your weekly planner
-* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
-* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
+* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
+* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
+* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
@end menu
-@node Timeline, Agenda, Timeline and Agenda, Timeline and Agenda
-@section Timeline for a single file
-@cindex single file summary
-@cindex agenda, for single file
-@cindex timeline, single file
-@cindex time-sorted view
+@node Tag inheritance, Setting tags, Tags, Tags
+@section Tag inheritance
+@cindex inheritance, of tags
+
+@i{Tags} make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If a
+heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
+well. For example, in the list
+
+@example
+* Meeting with the French group :WORK:
+** Summary by Frank :BOSS:NOTES:
+*** TODO Prepare slides for him :ACTION:
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+the final heading will have the tags @samp{:WORK:}, @samp{:BOSS:},
+@samp{:NOTES:}, and @samp{:ACTION:}. When executing tag searches and
+Org-mode finds that a certain headline matches the search criterion, it
+will not check any sublevel headline, assuming that these likely also
+match, and that the list of matches can become very long. However, this
+may not be what you want, and you can influence inheritance and
+searching using the variables @code{org-use-tag-inheritance} and
+@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}.
+
+@node Setting tags, Tag searches, Tag inheritance, Tags
+@section Setting tags
+@cindex setting tags
-The timeline shows all time-stamped items in a single Org-mode file,
-in @emph{time-sorted view}. The main purpose of this command is to
-give an overview over events in a project.
+@kindex M-@key{TAB}
+As Org-mode deals with plain text files, tags can simply be typed into
+the buffer. After a colon, @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} offers completion on all
+tags being used in the current buffer. There is also a special command
+for inserting tags:
@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-r
-@item C-c C-r
-Show a time-sorted view of the org file, with all time-stamped items
-of today or later. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, past dates
-will be included as well. When called with two @kbd{C-u C-u}
-prefixes, all unfinished TODO entries (scheduled or not) are also
-listed under the current date.
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@item C-c C-c
+@cindex completion, of tags
+Enter new tags for the current headline. The minibuffer will prompt for
+a list of tags and offer completion with respect to all other tags used
+in the current buffer. Several tags, separated by colons, may be
+specified at the prompt. After pressing @key{RET}, the tags will be
+inserted and aligned to @code{org-tags-column}. When called with a
+@kbd{C-u} prefix, all tags in the current buffer will be aligned to that
+column, just to make things look nice. TAGS are automatically realigned
+after promotion, demotion, and TODO state changes (@pxref{TODO basics}).
@end table
-@noindent
-The timeline is shown in a temporary buffer @file{*Org Agenda*}. The
-commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in @ref{Agenda
-commands}.
+@node Tag searches, , Setting tags, Tags
+@section Tag searches
+@cindex tag searches
-@node Agenda, Agenda commands, Timeline, Timeline and Agenda
-@section Agenda
-@cindex agenda
+Once a tags system has been set up, it can be used to collect related
+information into special lists.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c \
+@item C-c \
+Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search.
+@kindex C-c a m
+@item C-c a m
+Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files.
+@xref{Matching headline tags}.
+@kindex C-c a M
+@item C-c a M
+Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check
+only TODO items and force checking subitems (see variable
+@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}).
+@end table
+
+A @i{tags} search string can use Boolean operators @samp{&} for AND and
+@samp{|} for OR. @samp{&} binds more strongly than @samp{|}.
+Parenthesis are currently not implemented. A tag may also be preceded
+by @samp{-}, to select against it, and @samp{+} is syntactic sugar for
+positive selection. The AND operator @samp{&} is optional when @samp{+}
+or @samp{-} is present. For example, @samp{+WORK-BOSS} would select all
+headlines that are tagged @samp{:WORK:}, but discard those also tagged
+@samp{:BOSS:}. The search string @samp{WORK|LAPTOP} selects all lines
+tagged @samp{:WORK:} or @samp{:LAPTOP:}. The string
+@samp{WORK|LAPTOP&NIGHT} requires that the @samp{:LAPTOP:} lines are
+also tagged @samp{NIGHT}.
+
+@node Agenda views, Exporting, Tags, Top
+@chapter Agenda Views
+@cindex agenda views
+
+Due to the way Org-mode works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and
+tagged headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of
+files. To get an overview over open action items, or over events that
+are important for a particular date, this information must be collected,
+sorted and displayed in an organized way.
+
+Org-mode can select items based on various criteria, and display them
+in a separate buffer. Three different views are provided:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+an @emph{agenda} that is like a calendar and shows information
+for specific dates
+@item
+a @emph{TODO list} that covers all unfinished
+action items, and
+@item
+a @emph{tags view} that shows information based on
+the tags associated with headlines in the outline tree.
+@end itemize
+
+@noindent
+The extracted information is displayed in a special @emph{agenda
+buffer}. This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the
+corresponding locations in the original Org-mode files, and even to
+edit these files remotely.
+
+@menu
+* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
+* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
+* Weekly/Daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
+* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
+* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
+* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
+* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
+@end menu
-An agenda can be compiled from one or more org files. The main
-purpose of this command is to act like a planner, in order to show you
-what tasks are up for the current week, similar to a paper agenda.
+@node Agenda files, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda views, Agenda views
+@section Agenda files
-The Org-mode files to be processed in order to generate the agenda are
-listed in the variable @code{org-agenda-files}. You can customize
-this variable, but the easiest way to maintain it is through the
-following commands
+The information to be shown is collected from all @emph{agenda files},
+the files listed in the variable @code{org-agenda-files}@footnote{If the
+value of that variable is not a list, but a single file name, then the
+list of agenda files will be maintained in that external file.}. Thus even
+if you only work with a single Org-mode file, this file should be put
+into that list@footnote{When using the dispatcher pressing @kbd{1}
+before selecting a command will actually limit the command to the
+current file, and ignore @code{org-agenda-files} until the next
+dispatcher command.}. You can customize @code{org-agenda-files}, but
+the easiest way to maintain it is through the following commands
@cindex files, adding to agenda list
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c [
@item C-c [
-Add current file to the list of agenda files
+Add current file to the list of agenda files. The file is added to
+the front of the list. If it was already in the list, it is moved to
+the front. With prefix arg, file is added/moved to the end.
@kindex C-c ]
@item C-c ]
Remove current file from the list of agenda files.
+@kindex C-,
+@item C-,
+Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other.
@end table
+
@noindent
-The Org menu contains the list of all files and can be used to quickly
-visit any of them.
+The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used
+to visit any of them.
+
+@node Agenda dispatcher, Weekly/Daily agenda, Agenda files, Agenda views
+@section The agenda dispatcher
+@cindex agenda dispatcher
+@cindex dispatching agenda commands
+@cindex custom agenda commands
+@cindex agenda commands, custom
+The views are created through a dispatcher that should be bound to a
+global key, for example @kbd{C-c a} (@pxref{Installation and
+activation}). In the following we will assume that @kbd{C-c a} is
+indeed how the dispatcher is accessed and list keyboard access to
+commands accordingly. After pressing @kbd{C-c a}, an additional
+letter is required to execute a command. The dispatcher offers the
+following default commands:
+@table @kbd
+@item a
+Create the calendar-like agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}).
+@item t / T
+Create a list of all TODO items (@pxref{Global TODO list}).
+@item m / M
+Create a list of headlines matching a TAGS expression (@pxref{Matching
+headline tags}).
+@end table
-The global command @command{org-agenda} compiles the agenda from all
-listed files.
+You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through
+the dispatcher, just like the default commands. Custom commands are
+global searches for tags and specific TODO keywords, or a variety of
+sparse tree creating commands (@pxref{Sparse trees}). As sparse trees
+are only defined for a single org-mode file, these latter commands act
+on the current buffer instead of the list of agenda files.
+
+@kindex C-c a C
+Custom commands are configured in the variable
+@code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. You can customize this variable,
+for example by pressing @kbd{C-c a C}. You can also directly set it
+with Emacs Lisp in @file{.emacs}. For example:
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
+ '(("w" todo "WAITING")
+ ("u" tags "+BOSS-URGENT")
+ ("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT")
+ ("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")))
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent will define @kbd{C-c a w} as a global search for
+TODO entries with @samp{WAITING} as the TODO keyword, @kbd{C-c a u} as a
+global tags search for headlines marked @samp{:BOSS:} but not
+@samp{:URGENT:}, @kbd{C-c a U} to do the same search but only in the
+current buffer and display the result as a sparse tree, and @kbd{C-c a
+f} to create a sparse tree with all entries containing the word
+@samp{FIXME}. For more information, look at the documentation string
+of the variable @code{org-agenda-custom-commands}.
+
+@node Weekly/Daily agenda, Global TODO list, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda views
+@section The weekly/daily agenda
+@cindex agenda
+
+The purpose of the weekly/daily @emph{agenda} is to act like a page of
+a paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day.
@table @kbd
@cindex org-agenda, command
-@kindex C-c a
-@item C-c a
+@kindex C-c a a
+@item C-c a a
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of org files. The
agenda shows the entries for each day. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix (or
when the variable @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo} is @code{t}), all
-unfinished TODO items (also those without a date) are also listed at
+unfinished TODO items (including those without a date) are also listed at
the beginning of the buffer, before the first date.@*
-The key binding @kbd{C-c a} is only a suggestion - see
-@ref{Installation and Activation}.
@end table
-The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in
-@ref{Agenda commands}.
+Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you can
+change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer.
+The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in @ref{Agenda
+commands}.
+@menu
+* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
+* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
+* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
+* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
+@end menu
+
+@node Categories, Time-of-day specifications, Weekly/Daily agenda, Weekly/Daily agenda
@subsection Categories
@cindex category
In the agenda buffer, each entry is preceded by a @emph{category},
which is derived from the file name. The category can also be set
with a special line anywhere in the buffer, looking like this:
+
@example
-#+CATEGORY: Cheops
+#+CATEGORY: Thesis
@end example
-@noindent
-After changing this line, press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in
-the line, to make the changes known to org-mode. Otherwise, the
-change will only be active the next time you visit this file with
-Emacs.
-The display in the agenda buffer looks best if the category is not
-longer than 10 characters.
+If there are several such lines in a file, each specifies the category
+for the text below it (but the first category also applies to any text
+before the first CATEGORY line). The display in the agenda buffer looks
+best if the category is not longer than 10 characters.
+
+@node Time-of-day specifications, Calendar/Diary integration, Categories, Weekly/Daily agenda
+@subsection Time-of-Day Specifications
+
+Org-mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The
+time can be part of the time stamp that triggered inclusion into the
+agenda, for example as in @w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00>}}. Time
+ranges can be specified with two time stamps, like
+@c
+@w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15>}}.
+
+In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range) may also appear as
+plain text (like @samp{12:45} or a @samp{8:30-1pm}. If the agenda
+integrates the Emacs diary (@pxref{Calendar/Diary integration}), time
+specifications in diary entries are recognized as well.
+
+For agenda display, Org-mode extracts the time and displays it in a
+standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in
+the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this:
+
+@example
+ 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
+ 12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
+ 19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
+ 20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
+@end example
+
+If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the
+timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like
+
+@example
+ 8:00...... ------------------
+ 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
+ 10:00...... ------------------
+ 12:00...... ------------------
+ 12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
+ 14:00...... ------------------
+ 16:00...... ------------------
+ 18:00...... ------------------
+ 19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
+ 20:00...... ------------------
+ 20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
+@end example
+
+The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable
+@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid}, and can be configured with
+@code{org-agenda-time-grid}.
+
+
+@node Calendar/Diary integration, Sorting of agenda items, Time-of-day specifications, Weekly/Daily agenda
+@subsection Calendar/Diary integration
+@cindex calendar integration
+@cindex diary integration
+
+Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold. The
+calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different
+countries and cultures. The diary allows you to keep track of
+anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments
+(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to
+Org-mode. It can be very useful to combine output from Org-mode with
+the diary.
+
+In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org-mode's
+agenda, you only need to customize the variable
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-agenda-include-diary t)
+@end lisp
+@noindent After that, everything will happen automatically. All diary
+entries including holidays, anniversaries etc will be included in the
+agenda buffer created by Org-mode. @key{SPC}, @key{TAB}, and
+@key{RET} can be used from the agenda buffer to jump to the diary
+file in order to edit existing diary entries. The @kbd{i} command to
+insert new entries for the current date works in the agenda buffer, as
+well as the commands @kbd{S}, @kbd{M}, and @kbd{C} to display
+Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to convert to other
+calendars, respectively. @kbd{c} can be used to switch back and forth
+between calendar and agenda.
+
+@node Sorting of agenda items, , Calendar/Diary integration, Weekly/Daily agenda
@subsection Sorting of agenda items
@cindex sorting, of agenda items
@cindex priorities, of agenda items
categories, in the sequence given by @code{org-agenda-files}. Within
each category, items are sorted by priority (@pxref{Priorities}).
-A time-of-day specification looks like @samp{12:45} or @samp{3pm} and
-must appear in the headline. For example, a timestamp in a headline
-that contains not only a date but also a time will trigger this
-mechanism. Specifications of a time in diary entries are recognized
-as well, so the schedule will be mixed from diary entries and Org-mode
-files.
-
The priority is a numerical quantity composed of the base priority
(2000 for priority @samp{A}, 1000 for @samp{B}, and 0 for @samp{C}),
plus additional increments for overdue scheduled or deadline items.
Sorting can be customized using the variable
@code{org-agenda-sorting-strategy}.
-@node Agenda commands, Calendar/Diary integration, Agenda, Timeline and Agenda
+
+@node Global TODO list, Matching headline tags, Weekly/Daily agenda, Agenda views
+@section The global TODO list
+@cindex global TODO list
+@cindex TODO list, global
+
+The global TODO list contains all unfinished TODO items, formatted and
+collected into a single place.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c a t
+@item C-c a t
+Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
+agenda files (@pxref{Agenda views}) into a single buffer. The buffer is in
+@code{agenda-mode}, so there are commands to examine and manipulate
+the TODO entries directly from that buffer (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
+@xref{Global TODO list}, for more information.
+@kindex C-c a T
+@item C-c a T
+Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword. You can
+also do this by specifying a prefix argument to @kbd{C-c a t}. With a
+@kbd{C-u} prefix you are prompted for a keyword. With a numeric
+prefix, the Nth keyword in @code{org-todo-keywords} is selected.
+@kindex r
+The @kbd{r} key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you can give
+a prefix argument to this command to change the selected TODO keyword,
+for example @kbd{3 r}. If you often need a search for a specific
+keyword, define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
+@end table
+
+Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of a
+TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the
+TODO list are described in @ref{Agenda commands}.
+
+@node Matching headline tags, Timeline, Global TODO list, Agenda views
+@section Matching headline tags
+@cindex matching, of tags
+@cindex tags view
+
+If headlines in the agenda files are marked with @emph{tags}
+(@pxref{Tags}), you can select headlines based on the tags that apply
+to them and collect them into an agenda buffer.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c a m
+@item C-c a m
+Produce a list of all headlines that match a given set of tags. The
+command prompts for a selection criterion, which is a boolean logic
+expression with tags, like @samp{+WORK+URGENT-WITHBOSS} or
+@samp{WORK|HOME} (@pxref{Tags}). If you often need a specific search,
+define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
+@kindex C-c a M
+@item C-c a M
+Like @kbd{C-c a m}, but only select headlines that are also TODO items
+and force checking subitems (see variable
+@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}.
+@end table
+
+The commands available in the tags list are described in @ref{Agenda
+commands}.
+
+@node Timeline, Agenda commands, Matching headline tags, Agenda views
+@section Timeline for a single file
+@cindex single file summary
+@cindex agenda, for single file
+@cindex timeline, single file
+@cindex time-sorted view
+
+The timeline is not really an agenda view, because it only summarizes
+items from a single Org-mode file. But it also uses the agenda buffer
+and provides similar commands, so we discuss it here. The timeline
+shows all time-stamped items in a single Org-mode file (or the
+selected part of it), in a @emph{time-sorted view}. The main purpose of
+this command is to give an overview over events in a project.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-r
+@item C-c C-r
+Show a time-sorted view of the org file, with all time-stamped items.
+When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, all unfinished TODO entries
+(scheduled or not) are also listed under the current date.
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+The commands available in the timeline buffer are listed in
+@ref{Agenda commands}.
+
+@node Agenda commands, , Timeline, Agenda views
@section Commands in the agenda buffer
+@cindex commands, in agenda buffer
Entries in the agenda buffer are linked back to the org file or diary
file where they originate. You are not allowed to edit the agenda
buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the
original entry location, and to edit the org-files ``remotely'' from
the agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once,
-and you don't risk that your agenda and note files diverge.
+removing the risk that your agenda and note files may diverge.
Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For
-the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line. Most
-commands are available for both timelines and the agenda. The
-exceptions are marked.
+the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line.
@table @kbd
@tsubheading{Motion}
@kindex mouse-3
@kindex @key{SPC}
@item mouse-3
-@itemx @key{SPC}
+@itemx @key{SPC}
Display the original location of the item in another window.
-@kindex l
-@item l
+@kindex L
+@item L
Display original location and recenter that window.
@kindex mouse-2
+@kindex mouse-1
@kindex @key{TAB}
@item mouse-2
+@itemx mouse-1
@itemx @key{TAB}
-Go to the original location of the item in another window.
+Go to the original location of the item in another window. Under Emacs
+22, @kbd{mouse-1} will also works for this.
@kindex @key{RET}
@itemx @key{RET}
@kindex f
@item f
-Toggle follow mode. In follow mode, as you move the cursor through
+Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move the cursor through
the agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding
location in the org file.
+@kindex l
+@item l
+Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that where marked DONE while
+logging was on (variable @code{org-log-done}) are shown in the agenda.
+
@tsubheading{Change display}
@kindex o
@item o
@kindex w
@item w
-Toggle between weekly and daily view.
+Switch to weekly view (7 days displayed together).
@kindex d
@item d
+Switch to daily view (just one day displayed).
+
+@kindex D
+@item D
Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See @ref{Calendar/Diary integration}.
+@kindex g
+@item g
+Toggle the time grid on and off. See also the variables
+@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid} and @code{org-agenda-time-grid}.
+
@kindex r
@item r
Recreate the agenda buffer, for example to reflect the changes
after modification of the time stamps of items with S-@key{left} and
-S-@key{right}.
+S-@key{right}. When the buffer is the global todo list, a prefix
+argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific TODO
+keyword.
@kindex @key{right}
@item @key{right}
Display the following @code{org-agenda-ndays} days. For example, if
the display covers a week, switch to the following week. With prefix
-arg, go forward that many times @code{org-agenda-ndays} days. Not
-available in timelines.
+arg, go forward that many times @code{org-agenda-ndays} days.
@kindex @key{left}
@item @key{left}
-Display the previous dates. Not available in timelines.
+Display the previous dates.
@kindex .
@item .
Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the
original org file.
+@kindex T
+@item T
+Show all tags associated with the current item. Because of
+inheritance, this may be more than the tags listed in the line itself.
+
+@kindex :
+@item :
+Set tags for the current headline.
+
@kindex ,
@item ,
Set the priority for the current item. Org-mode prompts for the
@kindex +
@kindex S-@key{up}
@item +
-@item S-@key{up}
+@itemx S-@key{up}
Increase the priority of the current item. The priority is changed in
the original buffer, but the agenda is not resorted. Use the @kbd{r}
key for this.
@kindex -
@kindex S-@key{down}
@item -
-@item S-@key{down}
+@itemx S-@key{down}
Decrease the priority of the current item.
@kindex S-@key{right}
the future. With prefix argument, change it by that many days. For
example, @kbd{3 6 5 S-@key{right}} will change it by a year. The
stamp is changed in the original org file, but the change is not
-directly reflected in the agenda buffer. Use the
+directly reflected in the agenda buffer. Use the
@kbd{r} key to update the buffer.
@kindex S-@key{left}
@kindex M
@item M
-Show the phases of the moon for three month around current date.
+Show the phases of the moon for the three months around current date.
@kindex S
@item S
@item H
Show holidays for three month around the cursor date.
+@kindex C-c C-x C-c
+@item C-c C-x C-c
+Export a single iCalendar file containing entries from all agenda files.
+
@tsubheading{Quit and Exit}
@kindex q
@item q
-Quit Agenda, remove the agenda buffer.
+Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer.
@kindex x
@cindex agenda files, removing buffers
@end table
-@node Calendar/Diary integration, , Agenda commands, Timeline and Agenda
-@section Calendar/Diary integration
-@cindex calendar integration
-@cindex diary integration
+@node Exporting, Miscellaneous, Agenda views, Top
+@chapter Exporting
+@cindex exporting
-Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold. The
-calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different
-countries and cultures. The diary allows to keep track of
-anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments
-(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to
-Org-mode. It can be very useful to combine output from Org-mode with
-the diary.
+Org-mode documents can be exported into a variety of other formats. For
+printing and sharing of notes, ASCII export produces a readable and
+simple version of an Org-mode file. HTML export allows to publish a
+notes file on the web, while the XML format provides a solid base for
+exchange with a broad range of other applications. To incorporate
+entries with associated times like deadlines or appointments into a
+desktop calendar program like iCal, Org-mode can also produce extracts
+in the iCalendar format. Currently Org-mode only supports export, not
+import of these different formats.
-The interaction between Org-mode and diary works both ways: You can
-list entries from the diary in the Org-mode agenda, from which many
-calendar and diary commands are directly accessible. Or you can
-display entries from the org agenda in the Emacs diary.
+When exporting, Org-mode uses special conventions to enrich the output
+produced. @xref{Text interpretation}, for more details.
@menu
-* Diary to agenda:: Agenda incorporates the diary
-* Agenda to diary:: Diary incorporates the agenda
+* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
+* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
+* XML export:: Exporting to XML
+* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
+* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file
@end menu
-@node Diary to agenda, Agenda to diary, Calendar/Diary integration, Calendar/Diary integration
-@subsection Including the diary into the agenda
-@cindex diary to agenda
+@node ASCII export, HTML export, Exporting, Exporting
+@section ASCII export
+@cindex ASCII export
-In order to include entries from the Emacs diary into Org-mode's
-agenda, you only need to customize the variable
+ASCII export produces an simple and very readable version of an Org-mode
+file.
+
+@cindex region, active
+@cindex active region
+@cindex transient-mark-mode
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x a
+@item C-c C-x a
+Export as ASCII file. If there is an active region, only the region
+will be exported. For an org file @file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file
+will be @file{myfile.txt}. The file will be overwritten without
+warning.
+@end table
+
+@cindex headline levels, for exporting
+In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
+headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
+will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to occur
+at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For example,
+
+@example
+@kbd{C-1 C-c C-x a org-export-as-ascii}
+@end example
-@lisp
-(setq org-agenda-include-diary t)
-@end lisp
@noindent
+creates only top level headlines and does the rest as items.
-@noindent After that, everything will happen automatically. All diary
-entries including holidays, anniversaries etc will be included in the
-agenda buffer created by Org-mode. @key{SPC}, @key{TAB}, and
-@key{RET} can be used from the agenda buffer to jump to the diary
-file, in order to edit existing diary entries. Also the @kbd{i}
-command to insert new entries for the current date works in the agenda
-buffer, as well as the commands @kbd{S}, @kbd{M}, and @kbd{C} to
-display Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to convert to
-other calendars, respectively. @kbd{c} can be used to switch back and
-forth between calendar and agenda.
-
-@node Agenda to diary, , Diary to agenda, Calendar/Diary integration
-@subsection Including the agenda into the diary
-
-If you prefer to use the Emacs diary as your main instrument and if
-you wish to include the Org-mode agenda into it, the following steps
-are necessary: Autoload the function @command{org-diary} as shown
-above under @ref{Installation and Activation}. You also need to use
-@emph{fancy diary display} by setting in @file{.emacs}:
+@node HTML export, XML export, ASCII export, Exporting
+@section HTML export
+@cindex HTML export
-@lisp
-(add-hook 'diary-display-hook 'fancy-diary-display)
-@end lisp
+Org-mode contains an HTML exporter with extensive HTML formatting, in
+ways similar to John Grubers @emph{markdown} language, but with
+additional support for tables.
-Then include the following line into your @file{~/diary} file, in
-order to get the entries from all files listed in the variable
-@code{org-agenda-files}:
+@cindex region, active
+@cindex active region
+@cindex transient-mark-mode
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x h
+@item C-c C-x h
+Export as HTML file @file{myfile.html}.
+@kindex C-c C-x b
+@item C-c C-x b
+Export as HTML file and open it with a browser.
+@end table
+
+@cindex headline levels, for exporting
+In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
+headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
+will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to occur
+at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For example,
@example
-&%%(org-diary)
+@kbd{C-2 C-c C-x b}
@end example
+
@noindent
-You may also select specific files with
+creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.
+
+If you want to include HTML tags which should be interpreted as such,
+mark them with a @samp{@@} like in @samp{@@<b>bold text@@</b>}.
+Plain @samp{<} and @samp{>} are always transformed to @samp{<} and
+@samp{>} in HTML export.
+
+You can also give style information for the exported file. The
+default specification can be configured through the option
+@code{org-export-html-style}. If you want to use a file-local style,
+you may use file variables, best wrapped into a COMMENT section at the
+end of the outline tree. For example:
@example
-&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/some/org-file.org
-&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/another/org-file.org
+* COMMENT HTML style specifications
+
+# Local Variables:
+# org-export-html-style: " <style type=\"text/css\">
+ p @{font-weight: normal; color: gray; @}
+ h1 @{color: black; @}
+ </style>"
+# End: ***
@end example
-If you now launch the calendar and press @kbd{d} to display a diary,
-the headlines of entries containing a timestamp, date range, schedule,
-or deadline referring to the selected date will be listed. Just like
-in Org-mode's agenda view, the diary for @emph{today} contains
-additional entries for overdue deadlines and scheduled items. See
-also the documentation of the @command{org-diary} function.
+Remember to execute @kbd{M-x normal-mode} after changing this to make
+the new style visible to Emacs. This command restarts org-mode for the
+current buffer and forces Emacs to re-evaluate the local variables
+section in the buffer.
-@node Exporting, Miscellaneous, Timeline and Agenda, Top
-@chapter Exporting
-@cindex exporting
-@cindex ASCII file
-@cindex HTML
+@c FIXME: More about header and footer styles
+@c FIXME: Talk about links and targets.
+@node XML export, iCalendar export, HTML export, Exporting
+@section XML export
+@cindex XML export
-@cindex headline levels, for exporting
-For printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode document can be
-exported as an ASCII file, or as HTML. In the exported version, the
-first 3 outline levels will become headlines, defining a general
-document structure. Additional levels will be exported as itemize
-lists. If you want that transition to occur at a different level,
-specify it with a prefix argument. For example,
+Org-mode contains an XML exporter that produces XOXO-style XML.
+Currently, this exporter only handles the general outline structure and
+does not interpret any additional Org-mode features.
-@example
-@kbd{M-1 M-x org-export-as-html}
-@end example
-@noindent
-creates only top level headlines and does the rest as items.
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x C-x
+@item C-c C-x C-x
+Export as XML file @file{myfile.xml}.
+@end table
+
+@node iCalendar export, Text interpretation, XML export, Exporting
+@section iCalendar export
+@cindex iCalendar export
+
+Some people like to use Org-mode for keeping track of projects, but
+still prefer a standard calendar application for anniversaries and
+appointments. In this case it can be useful to have deadlines and
+other time-stamped items in Org-mode files show up in the calendar
+application. Org-mode can export calendar information in the standard
+iCalendar format.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x i
+@item C-c C-x i
+Create iCalendar entries for the current file and store them in the same
+directory, using a file extension @file{.ics}.
+@kindex C-c C-x C-i
+@item C-c C-x C-i
+Like @kbd{C-c C-x i}, but do this for all files in
+@code{org-agenda-files}. For each of these files, a separate iCalendar
+file will be written.
+@kindex C-c C-x c
+@item C-c C-x c
+Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in
+@code{org-agenda-files} and write it to the file given by
+@code{org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file}.
+@end table
+
+How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the application
+you are using. For example, when using iCal under Apple MacOS X, you
+could create a new calendar @samp{OrgMode} (the default name for the
+calendar created by @kbd{C-c C-x c}, see the variables
+@code{org-icalendar-combined-name} and
+@code{org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file}). Then set Org-mode to
+overwrite the corresponding file
+@file{~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics}. You may even use AppleScript
+to make iCal re-read the calendar files each time a new version of
+@file{OrgMode.ics} is produced. Here is the setup needed for this:
+
+@cindex applescript, for calendar update
+@lisp
+(setq org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file
+ "~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics")
+(add-hook 'org-after-save-iCalendar-file-hook
+ (lambda ()
+ (shell-command
+ "osascript -e 'tell application \"iCal\" to reload calendars'")))
+@end lisp
+
+@node Text interpretation, , iCalendar export, Exporting
+@section Text interpretation by the exporter
+
+The exporter backends interpret additional structure in the Org-mode file
+in order to produce better output.
@menu
-* Export commands:: Commands which export and display
-* HTML formatting:: Interpretation of the buffer content
-* Export options:: How to influence exports
-* Comment lines:: Lines which will not be exported
+* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
+* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
+* Export options:: How to influence the export settings
@end menu
-@node Export commands, HTML formatting, Exporting, Exporting
-@section Export commands
+@node Comment lines, Enhancing text, Text interpretation, Text interpretation
+@subsection Comment lines
+@cindex comment lines
+@cindex exporting, not
+
+Lines starting with @samp{#} in column zero are treated as comments
+and will never be exported. Also entire subtrees starting with the
+word @samp{COMMENT} will never be exported. Finally, any text before
+the first headline will not be exported either.
-@cindex region, active
-@cindex active region
-@cindex transient-mark-mode
@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-x a
-@item C-c C-x a
-Export as ASCII file. If there is an active region, only the region
-will be exported. For an org file @file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file
-will be @file{myfile.txt}. The file will be overwritten without
-warning.
-@kindex C-c C-x h
-@item C-c C-x h
-Export as HTML file @file{myfile.html}.
-@kindex C-c C-x C-h
-@item C-c C-x C-h
-Export as HTML file and open it with a browser.
-@kindex C-c C-x t
-@item C-c C-x t
-Insert template with export options, see below.
-@kindex C-c :
-@item C-c :
-Toggle fixed-width for line or region, see below.
+@kindex C-c ;
+@item C-c ;
+Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry.
@end table
-@node HTML formatting, Export options, Export commands, Exporting
-@section HTML formatting
-Not all text is transferred literally to the exported HTML file. The
-exporter implements the following interpretation:
+
+@node Enhancing text, Export options, Comment lines, Text interpretation
+@subsection Enhancing text for export
+@cindex enhancing text
+@cindex richer text
+
+Some of the export backends of Org-mode allow for sophisticated text
+formatting, this is true in particular for the HTML backend. Org-mode
+has a number of typing conventions that allow to produce a richly
+formatted output.
+
@itemize @bullet
+
+@cindex hand-formatted lists
+@cindex lists, hand-formatted
+@item
+Plain lists @samp{-}, @samp{*} or @samp{+} as bullet, or with @samp{1.}
+or @samp{2)} as enumerator will be recognized and transformed if the
+backend supports lists. See @xref{Plain lists}.
+
@cindex underlined text
@cindex bold text
@cindex italic text
@item
Simple @TeX{}-like math constructs are interpreted:
+@cindex completion, of @TeX{} symbols
@itemize @minus
@item
@samp{10^22} and @samp{J_n} are super- and subscripts. You can quote
letters, and press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to see possible completions.
@end itemize
-@cindex tables, export to HTML
+@cindex tables, export
@item
-Tables are transformed into HTML tables.
+Tables are transformed into native tables under the exporter, if the
+export backend supports this. Data fields before the first horizontal
+separator line will be formatted as table header fields.
@cindex fixed width
@item
-Lines starting with @samp{:} are typeset in a fixed-width font, to
-allow quoting of computer code etc.
-
-@cindex HTML tags
-@item
-If you want to include HTML tags which should be interpreted as such,
-mark them with a @samp{@@} like in @samp{@@<b>bold text@@</b>}.
-Plain @samp{<} and @samp{>} are always transformed to @samp{<} and
-@samp{>} in HTML export.
+If a headline starts with the word @samp{QUOTE}, the text below the
+headline will be typeset as fixed-width, to allow quoting of computer
+codes etc. Lines starting with @samp{:} are also typeset in
+fixed-width font.
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c :
+@item C-c :
+Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
+@end table
@end itemize
If these conversions conflict with your habits of typing ASCII text,
-they can all be turned off with corresponding variables.
+they can all be turned off with corresponding variables (see the
+customization group @code{org-export-general}, and the following section
+which explains how to set export options with special lines in a
+buffer.
-@node Export options, Comment lines, HTML formatting, Exporting
-@section Export options
+@node Export options, , Enhancing text, Text interpretation
+@subsection Export options
@cindex options, for export
+@cindex completion, of option keywords
The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide
additional information. These lines may be put anywhere in the file.
The whole set of lines can be inserted into the buffer with @kbd{C-c
C-x t}. For individual lines, a good way to make sure the keyword is
-correct it to type @samp{#+} and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion
-(@pxref{Completion}).
+correct is to type @samp{#+} and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion
+(@pxref{Completion}).
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x t
+@item C-c C-x t
+Insert template with export options, see example below.
+@end table
@example
#+TITLE: the title to be shown (default is the buffer name)
#+TEXT: Several lines may be given.
#+OPTIONS: H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t *:nil TeX:t
@end example
+
@noindent
The OPTIONS line is a compact form to specify export settings. Here
-you can
+you can:
@cindex headline levels
@cindex section-numbers
@cindex table of contents
-@cindex linebreak-preservation
+@cindex linebreak preservation
@cindex quoted html tags
@cindex fixed-width sections
@cindex tables
TeX: @r{turn on/off @TeX{} macros}
@end example
-@node Comment lines, , Export options, Exporting
-@section Comment lines
-@cindex comment lines
-@cindex exporting, not
-
-Lines starting with @samp{#} in column zero are treated as comments
-and will never be exported. Also entire subtrees starting with the
-word @samp{COMMENT} will never be exported. Finally, any text before
-the first headline will not be exported either.
-
-@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c ;
-@item C-c ;
-Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry.
-@end table
-
@node Miscellaneous, Index, Exporting, Top
@chapter Miscellaneous
@menu
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
-* Tips and Tricks:: An author-imposed FAQ, sort of
+* Summary of in-buffer settings:: Using special lines to set options
+* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
+* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
+* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
+* FAQ:: Frequently asked questions
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
-* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
+* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more
@end menu
@node Completion, Customization, Miscellaneous, Miscellaneous
@section Completion
-@cindex complete @TeX{} symbols
-@cindex complete TODO keywords
-@cindex complete dictionary words
-@cindex complete option keywords
+@cindex completion, of @TeX{} symbols
+@cindex completion, of TODO keywords
+@cindex completion, of dictionary words
+@cindex completion, of option keywords
+@cindex completion, of CamelCase links
+@cindex completion, of tags
+@cindex @TeX{} symbol completion
+@cindex TODO keywords completion
+@cindex dictionary word completion
+@cindex option keyword completion
+@cindex CamelCase link completion
+@cindex tag completion
Org-mode supports in-buffer completion. This type of completion does
not make use of the minibuffer. You simply type a few letters into
@item
After @samp{\}, complete @TeX{} symbols supported by the exporter.
@item
+After @samp{*}, complete CamelCase versions of all headlines in the
+buffer.
+@item
+After @samp{:}, complete tags used elsewhere in the buffer.
+@item
After @samp{#+}, complete the special keywords like @samp{TYP_TODO} or
@samp{OPTIONS} which set file-specific options for Org-mode. When the
option keyword is already complete, pressing @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} again
@end itemize
@end table
-@node Customization, Tips and Tricks, Completion, Miscellaneous
+
+@node Customization, Summary of in-buffer settings, Completion, Miscellaneous
@section Customization
@cindex customization
@cindex options, for customization
@cindex variables, for customization
-There is a large number of variables which can be used to customize
+There are more than 100 variables that can be used to customize
Org-mode. For the sake of compactness of the manual, we are not
-describing the variables here. For an overview of customization
-variables, use @kbd{M-x org-customize}. Or select @code{Browse Org
-Group} from the @code{Org->Customization} menu.
+describing the variables here. A structured overview of customization
+variables is available with @kbd{M-x org-customize}. Or select
+@code{Browse Org Group} from the @code{Org->Customization} menu. Many
+settings can also be activated on a per-file basis, by putting special
+lines into the buffer (@pxref{Summary of in-buffer settings}).
+
+@node Summary of in-buffer settings, The very busy C-c C-c key, Customization, Miscellaneous
+@section Summary of in-buffer settings
+@cindex in-buffer settings
+@cindex special keywords
+
+Org-mode uses special lines in the buffer to define settings on a
+per-file basis. These lines start with a @samp{#+} followed by a
+keyword, a colon, and then individual words defining a setting. Several
+settings words con be in the same line, but you can also have multiple
+lines for the keyword. While these settings are described throughout
+the manual, here is a summary. After changing any of those lines in the
+buffer, press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the line to
+activate the changes immediately. Otherwise they become effective only
+when the file is visited again in a new Emacs session.
-@node Tips and Tricks, Interaction, Customization, Miscellaneous
-@section Tips and Tricks
+@table @kbd
+@item #+STARTUP:
+This line sets options to be used at startup of org-mode, when an
+Org-mode file is being visited. The first set of options deals with the
+initial visibility of the outline tree. The corresponding variable for
+global default settings is @code{org-startup-folded}, with a default
+value @code{t}, which means @code{overview}.
+@example
+overview @r{top-level headlines only}
+content @r{all headlines}
+showall @r{no folding at all, show everything}
+@end example
+Then there are options for aligning tables upon visiting a file. This
+is useful in files containing narrowed table columns. The corresponding
+variable is @code{org-startup-align-all-tables}, with a default value
+@code{nil}.
+@example
+align @r{align all tables}
+noalign @r{don't align tables on startup}
+@end example
+Here are the options for hiding leading stars in outline headings. The
+corresponding variables are @code{org-hide-leading-stars} and
+@code{org-odd-levels-only}, both with a default setting @code{nil}
+(meaning @code{showstars} and @code{oddeven}).
+@example
+hidestars @r{make all but one of the stars starting a headline invisible.}
+showstars @r{show all stars starting a headline}
+odd @r{allow only odd outline levels (1,3,...)}
+oddeven @r{allow all outline levels}
+@end example
+@item #+SEQ_TODO: #+TYP_TODO:
+These lines that the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the
+current file. The corresponding variables are @code{org-todo-keywords}
+and @code{org-todo-interpretation}.
+@item #+CATEGORY:
+This line sets the category for the agenda file. The category applies
+for all subsequent lines until the next @samp{#+CATEGORY} line, or the
+end of the file.
+@item #+TBLFM:
+This line contains the formulas for the table directly above the line.
+@item #+TITLE:, #+AUTHOR:, #+EMAIL:, #+LANGUAGE:, #+TEXT:, #+OPTIONS:
+These lines provide setting for exporting files. For more details see
+@ref{Export options}.
+@end table
-@itemize @bullet
-@cindex README files
+@node The very busy C-c C-c key, Clean view, Summary of in-buffer settings, Miscellaneous
+@section The very busy C-c C-c key
+@kindex C-c C-c
+
+The key @kbd{C-c C-c} has many purposes in org-mode, which are all
+mentioned scattered throughout this manual. One specific function of
+this key is to add @emph{tags} to a headline (@pxref{Tags}). In many
+other circumstances it means something like @emph{Hey Org-mode, look
+here and update according to what you see here}. Here is a summary what
+this means in different contexts.
+
+@itemize @minus
+@c @item
+@c If the cursor is in a headline, prompt for tags and insert them
+@c into the current line, aligned to `org-tags-column'. When called
+@c with prefix arg, realign all tags in the current buffer.
+@item
+If the cursor is in one of the special #+KEYWORD lines, this
+triggers scanning the buffer for these lines and updating the
+information.
+@item
+If the cursor is inside a table, realign the table. This command
+works even if the automatic table editor has been turned off.
+@item
+If the cursor is on a #+TBLFM line, re-apply the formulas to
+the entire table.
+@item
+If the cursor is inside a table created by the @file{table.el} package,
+activate that table.
@item
-I find Org-mode very useful for the many @file{README} files I have
-scattered through my directories. So I turn on @file{org-mode} for
-all @file{README} files with
+If the current buffer is a remember buffer, close note and file it.
+with a prefix argument, file it without further interaction to the default
+location.
+@item
+If the cursor is on a <<<target>>>, update radio targets and corresponding
+links in this buffer.
+@item
+If the cursor is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the
+ordered list.
+@end itemize
+
+@node Clean view, TTY keys, The very busy C-c C-c key, Miscellaneous
+@section A cleaner outline view
+@cindex hiding leading stars
+@cindex clean outline view
+
+Some people find it noisy and distracting that the Org-mode headlines
+are starting with a potentially large number of stars. For example
+the tree from @ref{Headlines}:
@example
-(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("README$" . org-mode))
+* Top level headline
+** Second level
+*** 3rd level
+ some text
+*** 3rd level
+ more text
+* Another top level headline
@end example
-@ignore
-@cindex files, adding automatically
-@item
-If you would like to add all org files you ever create to the list of
-agenda files@footnote{Think twice. Do you @emph{really} want this?},
-you could do so with
+@noindent
+Unfortunately this is deeply ingrained into the code of Org-mode and
+cannot be easily changed. You can, however, modify the display in such
+a way that all leading stars become invisible and the outline more easy
+to read. To do this, customize the variable
+@code{org-hide-leading-stars} like this:
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-hide-leading-stars t)
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent
+or change this on a per-file basis with one of the lines (anywhere in
+the buffer)
+
+@example
+#+STARTUP: showstars
+#+STARTUP: hidestars
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in a @samp{STARTUP} line to activate
+the modifications.
+
+With stars hidden, the tree becomes:
+
+@example
+* Top level headline
+ * Second level
+ * 3rd level
+ some text
+ * 3rd level
+ more text
+* Another top level headline
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Note that the leading stars are not truly replaced by whitespace, they
+are only fontified with the face @code{org-hide} that uses the
+background color as font color. If are are not using either white or
+black background, you may have to customize this face to get the wanted
+effect. Another possibility is to set this font such that the extra
+stars are @i{almost} invisible, for example using the color
+@code{grey90} on a white background.
+
+Things become cleaner still if you skip all the even levels and use only
+odd levels 1, 3, 5..., effectively adding two stars to go from one
+outline level to the next:
+
+@example
+* Top level headline
+ * Second level
+ * 3rd level
+ some text
+ * 3rd level
+ more text
+* Another top level headline
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+In order to make the structure editing and export commands handle this
+convention correctly, use
@lisp
-(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'org-add-file)
+(setq org-odd-levels-only t)
@end lisp
-If you would like to add only a selection, for example everything
-except the @file{README} files, this could be achieved in the
-following way:
+@noindent
+or set this on a per-file basis with one of the following lines (don't
+forget to press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in the startup line to
+activate changes immediately).
+
+@example
+#+STARTUP: odd
+#+STARTUP: oddeven
+@end example
+
+You can convert an Org-mode file from single-star-per-level to the
+double-star-per-level convention with @kbd{M-x org-convert-to-odd-levels
+RET} in that file. The reverse operation is @kbd{M-x
+org-convert-to-oddeven-levels}.
+
+@node TTY keys, FAQ, Clean view, Miscellaneous
+@section Using org-mode on a tty
+@cindex tty keybindings
+
+Org-mode uses a number of keys that are not accessible on a tty. This
+applies to most special keys like cursor keys, @key{TAB} and
+@key{RET}, when these are combined with modifier keys like @key{Meta}
+and/or @key{Shift}. Org-mode uses these bindings because it needs to
+provide keys for a large number of commands, and because these keys
+appeared particularly easy to remember. In order to still be able to
+access the core functionality of Org-mode on a tty, alternative
+bindings are provided. Here is a complete list of these bindings,
+which are obviously more cumbersome to use. Note that sometimes a
+work-around can be better. For example changing a time stamp is
+really only fun with @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} keys. On a tty you would
+rather use @kbd{C-c .} to re-insert the timestamp.
+
+@multitable @columnfractions 0.15 0.2 0.2
+@item @b{Default} @tab @b{Alternative 1} @tab @b{Alternative 2}
+@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} @tab @kbd{C-u @key{TAB}} @tab
+@item @kbd{M-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x l} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{left}}
+@item @kbd{M-S-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x L} @tab
+@item @kbd{M-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x r} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{right}}
+@item @kbd{M-S-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x R} @tab
+@item @kbd{M-@key{up}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x u} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{up}}
+@item @kbd{M-S-@key{up}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x U} @tab
+@item @kbd{M-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x d} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{down}}
+@item @kbd{M-S-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x D} @tab
+@item @kbd{S-@key{RET}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x c} @tab
+@item @kbd{M-@key{RET}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x m} @tab @kbd{@key{Esc} @key{RET}}
+@item @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x M} @tab
+@item @kbd{S-@key{left}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{left}} @tab
+@item @kbd{S-@key{right}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{right}} @tab
+@item @kbd{S-@key{up}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{up}} @tab
+@item @kbd{S-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{down}} @tab
+@end multitable
+
+@node FAQ, Interaction, TTY keys, Miscellaneous
+@section Frequently asked questions
+@cindex FAQ
+
+@enumerate
+
+@cindex allout.el, conflict with
+@cindex @code{keymapp nil} error
+@item @b{When I try to use Org-mode, I always get
+@code{(wrong-type-argument keymapp nil)}}.@*
+This is a conflict with an outdated version of the @file{allout.el}
+package which pretends to be also the standard outline-mode but is not.
+This happens with older versions of @file{allout.el}, for example the
+one distributed with Emacs 21. Upgrade to Emacs 22 and this problem
+will disappear. If for some reason you cannot do this, make sure that
+org.el is loaded @emph{before} @file{allout.el}, for example by putting
+@code{(require 'org)} early enough into your @file{.emacs} file.
+
+@item @b{Org-mode seems to be a useful default mode for the various
+@file{README} files I have scattered through my directories. How do I
+turn it on for all @file{README} files?}
+@c @*
+
+@example
+(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("README$" . org-mode))
+@end example
+
+@item @b{Some of my links stopped working after I upgraded to a version
+4.20 or later. Why is this, and how can I fix it?}@*
+@c
+These must be links in plain text, containing white space, such as
+@samp{bbdb:Richard Stallman}. You need to protect these links by
+putting double brackets around them, like @samp{[[bbdb:Richard
+Stallman]]}.
+
+@item @b{I see that Org-mode now creates links using the double bracket
+convention that hides the link part and the brackets, only showing the
+description part. How can I convert my old links to this new format?}@*
+@c
+Execute once in each Org-mode file: @kbd{M-x org-upgrade-old-links}.
+This replaces angular brackets with the new link format.
+
+@item @b{I don't care if you find the new bracket links great, I am
+attached to the old style using angular brackets and no hiding of the
+link text. Please give them back to me, don't tell me it is not
+possible!}@*
+@c
+Would I let you down like that? If you must, you can do this
@lisp
-(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
- (lambda ()
- (or (string-match "README\\'" (buffer-file-name))
- (org-add-file))))
+(setq org-link-style 'plain
+ org-link-format "<%s>")
@end lisp
-@end ignore
+@item @b{When I am executing shell links I always get a
+confirmation prompt and need to type @kbd{yes @key{RET}}, thats 4 key
+presses! Can I get rid of this?}@*
+@c
+@cindex shell links, confirmation
+@cindex dangerous commands
+The confirmation is there to protect you from unwantingly execute
+potentially dangerous commands. For example, imagine a link
+@samp{[[shell:rm -rf ~/*][Google Search]]}. In an Org-mode buffer, this
+command would look like @samp{Google Search}, but really it would remove
+your home directory. If you wish, you can make it easier to respond to
+the query by setting @code{org-confirm-shell-links} to @code{y-or-n-p}.
+Then a single @kbd{y} keypress will be enough to confirm shell links.
+It is also possible to turn off this check entirely, but I do not
+recommend to do this. Be warned.
+
+@item @b{All these stars are driving me mad, I just find the Emacs
+outlines unreadable. Can't you just put white space and a single star as a
+starter for headlines?}@*
+@c
+See @ref{Clean view}.
+
+@item @b{I would like to have two windows on the same Org-mode
+file, but with different outline visibility. Is that possible?}@*
+@c
@cindex @code{make-indirect-buffer}
@cindex indirect buffers
-@item
-It can be useful to have two different windows showing the same
-Org-mode file. However, a problem here is that changes to the
-visibility in one window immediately affect the other window. On
-Emacs (not on XEmacs because it uses the old outline-mode) a way out
-is the use of @emph{indirect buffers}, which visit the same file, but
-have separate settings, also for outline visibility. See the
-documentation on the command @code{make-indirect-buffer}.
-
-@cindex URL, paste into buffer
-@item
-Paste URLs into Org-mode whenever this seems useful. For example, if
-you are writing notes about a paper which is available on the web, put
-the corresponding URL there and a direct look at the paper is only a
-mouse click away. If you have a local copy of the paper, use a
-file:path link.
-
-@cindex headline levels, for export
-@item
+In GNU Emacs, you may use @emph{indirect buffers} which do exactly this.
+See the documentation on the command @code{make-indirect-buffer}. In
+XEmacs, this is currently not possible because of the different outline
+implementation.
+
+@item @b{When I export my TODO list, every TODO item becomes a
+separate section. How do I enforce these items to be exported as an
+itemized list?}@*
+@c
If you plan to use ASCII or HTML export, make sure things you want to
be exported as item lists are level 4 at least, even if that does mean
-there is a level jump. For example
+there is a level jump. For example:
@example
* Todays top priorities
+OPTIONS: H:2; ...
@end example
+@item @b{I would like to export only a subtree of my file to HTML.
+How?}@*
+@c
@cindex exporting a subtree
-@item
If you want to export a subtree, mark the subtree as region and then
export. Marking can be done with @kbd{C-c @@ C-x C-x}, for example.
-@cindex table, empty template
-@item
-To insert an empty table template, just type @samp{|-} and use
-@key{TAB}.
+@item @b{Org-mode takes over the S-cursor keys. I also want to use
+CUA-mode, is there a way to fix this conflict?}@*
+Yes, see @ref{Interaction}.
+
+@item @b{One of my table columns has started to fill up with
+@samp{#ERROR}. What is going on?}@*
+@c
+Org-mode tried to compute the column from other fields using a
+formula stored in the @samp{#+TBLFM:} line just below the table, and
+the evaluation of the formula fails. Fix the fields used in the
+formula, or fix the formula, or remove it!
+
+@item @b{When I am in the last column of a table and just above a
+horizontal line in the table, pressing TAB creates a new table line
+@i{before} the horizontal line. How can I quickly move to the line
+@i{below} the horizontal line instead?}@*
+@c
+Press @key{down} (to get on the separator line) and then @key{TAB}.
+Or configure the variable @code{org-table-tab-jumps-over-hlines}.
+
+@item @b{How can I change the indentation of an entire table without
+fixing every line by hand?}@*
+@c
+@cindex indentation, of tables
+The indentation of a table is set by the first line. So just fix the
+indentation of the first line and realign with @key{TAB}.
+
+@item @b{Is it possible to include entries from org-mode files into my
+emacs diary?}@*
+@c
+Since the org-mode agenda is much more powerful and can contain the
+diary (@pxref{Calendar/Diary integration}), you should think twice
+before deciding to do this. Integrating Org-mode information into the
+diary is, however, possible. The following steps are necessary:
+Autoload the function @command{org-diary} as shown above under
+@ref{Installation and activation}. You also need to use @emph{fancy
+diary display} by setting in @file{.emacs}:
-@item
-In a table, to add a new column at the end, just type some text
-anywhere after the final @samp{|}. Upon the next re-align, a new
-column will be created.
+@lisp
+(add-hook 'diary-display-hook 'fancy-diary-display)
+@end lisp
-@item
-In tables, @key{TAB} creates new rows before horizontal separator lines. If
-the cursor is at @samp{Age} in the following table,
+Then include the following line into your @file{~/diary} file, in
+order to get the entries from all files listed in the variable
+@code{org-agenda-files}:
@example
-| Name | Phone | Age |
-|-------+-------+-----|
-| | | |
+&%%(org-diary)
@end example
+@noindent
+You may also select specific files with
-the next @key{TAB} would create a second header line. If you want
-instead to go to the first empty field below the horizontal line,
-press @key{down} (to get on the separator line) and then @key{TAB}.
+@example
+&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/some/org-file.org
+&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/another/org-file.org
+@end example
-@cindex indentation, of tables
-@item
-To change the indentation of a table, just change the first line and
-realign with @key{TAB}.
+If you now launch the calendar and press @kbd{d} to display a diary, the
+headlines of entries containing a timestamp, date range, schedule, or
+deadline referring to the selected date will be listed. Just like in
+Org-mode's agenda view, the diary for @emph{today} contains additional
+entries for overdue deadlines and scheduled items. See also the
+documentation of the @command{org-diary} function. Under XEmacs, it is
+not possible to jump back from the diary to the org, this works only in
+the agenda buffer.
-@end itemize
+@end enumerate
-@node Interaction, Acknowledgments, Tips and Tricks, Miscellaneous
+@node Interaction, Bugs, FAQ, Miscellaneous
@section Interaction with other packages
@cindex packages, interaction with other
-@cindex @file{planner.el}
-@cindex @file{remember.el}
-@cindex @file{table.el}
-@file{Org.el} can cooperate with the following packages:
+Org-mode can cooperate with the following packages:
@table @asis
+@cindex @file{org-mouse.el}
+@item @file{org-mouse.el} by Piotr Zielinski
+This package implements extended mouse functionality for Org-mode. It
+allows you to cycle visibility and to edit the document structure with
+the mouse. Best of all, it provides a context-sensitive menu on
+@key{mouse-3} that changes depending on the context of a mouse-click.
+Use a search engine to find this package on the web.
+@cindex @file{table.el}
+@item @file{table.el} by Takaaki Ota
+Org mode cooperates with table.el, see @ref{table.el}. @file{table.el}
+is part of Emacs 22.
+@cindex @file{calc.el}
+@item @file{calc.el} by Dave Gillespie
+Org-mode uses the calc package for implementing spreadsheet
+functionality in its tables (@pxref{Table calculations}). Org-modes
+checks for the availability of calc by looking for the function
+@code{calc-eval} which should be autoloaded in your setup if calc has
+been installed properly. As of Emacs 22, calc is part of the Emacs
+distribution. Another possibility for interaction between the two
+packages is using calc for embedded calculations. @xref{Embedded Mode,
+, Embedded Mode, calc, GNU Emacs Calc Manual}.
+@cindex @file{constants.el}
+@item @file{constants.el} by Carsten Dominik
+In a table formula (@pxref{Table calculations}), it is possible to use
+names for natural constants or units. Instead of defining your own
+constants in the variable @code{org-table-formula-constants}, install
+the @file{constants} package which defines a large number of constants
+and units, and lets you use unit prefixes like @samp{M} for
+@samp{Mega} etc. You will need version 2.0 of this package, available
+at @url{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools}. Org-mode checks for
+the function @code{constants-get}, which has to be autoloaded in your
+setup. See the installation instructions in the file
+@file{constants.el}.
@cindex @file{remember.el}
+@cindex @file{CUA.el}
+@item @file{CUA.el} by Kim. F. Storm
+Keybindings in Org-mode conflict with the @kbd{S-<cursor>} keys
+used by CUA-mode (as well as pc-select-mode and s-region-mode) to
+select and extend the region. If you want to use one of these
+packages along with Org-mode, configure the variable
+@code{org-CUA-compatible}. When set, Org-mode will move the following
+keybindings in org-mode files, and in the agenda buffer (but not
+during date selection).
+
+@example
+S-UP -> M-p S-DOWN -> M-n
+S-LEFT -> M-- S-RIGHT -> M-+
+S-RET -> C-S-RET
+@end example
+
+Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. If you want
+to have other replacement keys, look at the variable
+@code{org-disputed-keys}.
@item @file{remember.el} by John Wiegley
Org mode cooperates with remember, see @ref{Remember}.
-@cindex @file{plannner.el}
-@item @file{planner.el} by John Wiegley
-Planner is another tool to plan work and keep track of tasks. Planner
-uses a multi-file approach with project pages and day pages. Is based
-on Emacs-Wiki. It can be useful to display the agenda entries
-resulting from org files in day-pages of the planner. This can be
-done through the diary of the calendar: Integrate org files into the
-diary as described above, and then turn on the diary support of
-planner.
-@cindex @file{table.el}
-@item @file{table.el} by Takaaki Ota
-Org mode cooperates with table.el, see @ref{table.el}.
+@file{Remember.el} is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.
@end table
-@page @c FIXME
+@node Bugs, Acknowledgments, Interaction, Miscellaneous
+@section Bugs
+@cindex bugs
+
+Here is a list of things that should work differently, but which I
+have found too hard to fix.
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+If a table field starts with a link, and if the corresponding table
+column is narrowed (@pxref{Narrow columns}) to a width too small to
+display the link, the field would look entirely empty even though it is
+not. To prevent this, Org-mode throws an error. The work-around is to
+make the column wide enough to fit the link, or to add some text (at
+least 2 characters) before the link in the same field.
+@item
+Narrowing table columns does not work on XEmacs, because the
+@code{format} function does not transport text properties.
+@item
+Text in an entry protected with the @samp{QUOTE} keyword should not
+autowrap.
+@item
+When the application called by @kbd{C-c C-o} to open a file link fails
+(for example because the application does not exits or refuses to open
+the file), it does so silently. No error message is displayed.
+@item
+Plain list items should be able to hold a TODO item. Unfortunately this
+has so many technical problems that I will only consider this change for
+the next major release (5.0).
+@item
+The remote-editing commands in the agenda buffer cannot be undone with
+@code{undo} called from within the agenda buffer. But you can go to
+the corresponding buffer (using @key{TAB} or @key{RET} and execute
+@code{undo} there.
+@item
+Recalculating a table line applies the formulas from left to right.
+If a formula uses @emph{calculated} fields further down the row,
+multiple recalculation may be needed to get all fields consistent.
+@item
+You can only make a single word boldface or italic. To emphasize
+several words in a row, each must have the emphasize markers, like in
+@samp{*three* *bold* *words*}.
+@item
+The exporters work well, but could be made more efficient.
+@end itemize
-@node Acknowledgments, Bugs, Interaction, Miscellaneous
+@node Acknowledgments, , Bugs, Miscellaneous
@section Acknowledgments
@cindex acknowledgments
+@cindex thanks
Org-mode was written by Carsten Dominik, who still maintains it at the
Org-mode homepage @uref{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/}.
-The following people have helped the development along with ideas,
-suggestions and patches.
+The following people (in alphabetic order) have helped the development
+along with ideas, suggestions and patches. Many thanks to all of you,
+Org-mode would not be what it is without your input.
@itemize @bullet
@item
-Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas and suggestions, a patch
-introducing Windows NT/2000 support, and quality control.
+Thomas Baumann contributed the code for links to the MH-E email system.
+@item
+Alex Bochannek provided a patch for rounding time stamps.
+@item
+Charles Caves' suggestion sparked the implementation of templates for
+Remember.
+@item
+Pavel Chalmoviansky influenced the agenda treatment of items with
+specified time.
+@item
+Sacha Chua suggested to copy some linking code from Planner.
+@item
+Kees Dullemond inspired the use of narrowed tabled columns.
+@item
+Christian Egli converted the documentation into TeXInfo format, patched
+CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, and inspired the agenda.
+@item
+Nic Ferrier contributed mailcap and XML support.
+@item
+Kai Grossjohann pointed out key-binding conflicts caused by Org-mode.
+@item
+Stefan Monnier provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler happy.
+@item
+Tim O'Callaghan suggested in-file links, search options for
+general file links, and TAGS.
+@item
+Oliver Oppitz suggested multi-state TODO items.
+@item
+Scott Otterson sparked the introduction of descriptive text for links,
+among other things.
+@item
+Pete Phillips helped the development of the TAGS feature.
+@item
+Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and quality
+control.
@item
Kevin Rogers contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts.
@item
-Juergen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents
-in HTML output, and other export improvements.
+Frank Ruell solved the mystery of the @code{keymapp nil} bug, a conflict
+with @file{allout.el}.
@item
-Christian Egli converted the documentation into TeXInfo format. He
-also showed me his plans for a multifile summary for Org-mode. Some of
-his ideas have found their way into the agenda.
+Philip Rooke created the Org-mode reference card and provided lots of feedback.
@item
-Philip Rooke created the Org-mode reference card. He also helped with
-beta testing and contributed a number of very useful ideas.
+Christian Schlauer proposed angular brackets around links, among other
+things.
@item
Linking to VM/BBDB/GNUS was inspired by Tom Shannon's
@file{organizer-mode.el}.
@item
-Scheduling TODO items was inspired by John Wiegley's @file{planner.el}.
+J@"urgen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents
+in HTML output.
+@item
+Chris Wallace provided a patch implementing the @samp{QUOTE} keyword.
@item
-Sacha Chua, the current maintainer of Planner suggested to take some
-linking code from Planner, which I did (for RMAIL and Wanderlust).
+David Wainberg suggested archiving, and improvements to the linking
+system.
@item
-Oliver Oppitz sent several useful suggestions.
+John Wiegley wrote @file{emacs-wiki.el} and @file{planner.el}. The
+development of Org-mode was fully independent, and both systems are
+really different beasts in their basic ideas and implementation details.
+However, I have later looked at John's code and learned from his
+implementation of (i) links where the link itself is hidden and only a
+description is shown, and (ii) popping up a calendar to select a date.
@item
Carsten Wimmer suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in linking
to GNUS.
@item
-Stefan Monnier provided a patch with lots of little fixes to keep the
-Emacs-Lisp compiler happy.
-@end itemize
-
-@node Bugs, , Acknowledgments, Miscellaneous
-@section Bugs
-@cindex bugs
-
-Here is a list of things which should work differently, but which I
-have found too hard to fix.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-When the application called by @kbd{C-c C-o} to open a file link fails
-(for example because the application does not exits or refuses to open
-the file), it does so silently. No error message is displayed.
-@item
-Under XEmacs, if Org-mode entries are included into the diary, it is
-not possible to jump back from the diary to the org file. Apparently,
-the text properties are lost when the fancy-diary-display is used.
-However, from Org-mode's timeline and agenda buffers (created with
-@kbd{C-c C-r} and @kbd{C-c a}), things do work correctly.
-@item
-Linux should also have a default viewer application, using mailcap.
-Maybe we can use GNUS or VM mime code? Or dired's guessing commands?
-Any hints (or even patches) are appreciated.
-@item
-When you write @samp{x = a /b/ c}, b will be exported in italics.
-@item
-The exporters work well, but could be made more efficient.
+Roland Winkler requested additional keybindings to make Org-mode
+work on a tty.
+@item
+Piotr Zielinski wrote @file{org-mouse.el} and showed how to follow links
+with mouse-1.
@end itemize
-
+
@node Index, Key Index, Miscellaneous, Top
@chapter Index
@bye
-
@ignore
arch-tag: 7893d1fe-cc57-4d13-b5e5-f494a1bcc7ac
@end ignore