\input texinfo
@c %**start of header
-@c @setfilename org
@setfilename ../info/org
@settitle Org Mode Manual
-@set VERSION 4.07
-@set DATE March 2006
+@set VERSION 4.67
+@set DATE February 2007
@dircategory Emacs
@direntry
-* Org Mode: (org). outline-based notes management and organizer
+* Org Mode: (org). Outline-based notes management and organizer
@end direntry
@c Version and Contact Info
@set MAINTAINERSITE @uref{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/,maintainers webpage}
+@set AUTHOR Carsten Dominik
@set MAINTAINER Carsten Dominik
-@set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{dominik@@science.uva.nl}
-@set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:dominik@@science.uva.nl,contact the maintainer}
+@set MAINTAINEREMAIL @email{dominik at science dot uva dot nl}
+@set MAINTAINERCONTACT @uref{mailto:dominik at science dot uva dot nl,contact the maintainer}
@c %**end of header
@finalout
@c Macro definitions
-@c Subheadings inside a table. Need a difference between info and the rest.
+@c Subheadings inside a table.
@macro tsubheading{text}
@ifinfo
@subsubheading \text\
@copying
This manual is for Org-mode (version @value{VERSION}).
-Copyright @copyright{} 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation
+Copyright @copyright{} 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@menu
* Introduction:: Getting started
-* Document Structure:: A tree works like your brain
+* Document structure:: A tree works like your brain
* Tables:: Pure magic for quick formatting
* Hyperlinks:: Notes in context
* TODO items:: Every tree branch can be a TODO item
* Timestamps:: Assign date and time to items
-* Agenda Views:: Collecting information into views
+* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
+* Agenda views:: Collecting information into views
+* Embedded LaTeX:: LaTeX fragments and formulas
* Exporting:: Sharing and publishing of notes
+* Publishing:: Create a web site of linked Org-mode files
* Miscellaneous:: All the rest which did not fit elsewhere
+* Extensions and Hacking:: It is possible to write add-on code
+* History and Acknowledgments:: How Org-mode came into being
* Index:: The fast road to specific information
* Key Index:: Key bindings and where they are described
Introduction
* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
-* Installation and Activation:: How to install Org-mode
+* Installation:: How to install a downloaded version of Org-mode
+* Activation:: How to activate Org-mode for certain buffers.
* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
Document Structure
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
-* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
-* Plain Lists:: Editing hand-formatted lists
+* Plain lists:: Additional structure within an entry
+
+Archiving
+
+* ARCHIVE tag:: Marking a tree as inactive
+* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file
Tables
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
-* Table calculations:: Compute a field from other fields
+* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
-* table.el:: Complex tables
+* The spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities.
-Calculations in tables
+The spreadsheet
-* Formula syntax:: How to write a formula
-* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for all fields in a column
+* References:: How to refer to another field or range
+* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff
+* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp
+* Field formulas:: Formulas valid for a single field
+* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column
+* Editing and debugging formulas:: Fixing formulas
+* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields
* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
-* Named-field formulas:: Formulas valid in single fields
-* Editing/debugging formulas:: Changing a stored formula
-* Appetizer:: Taste the power of calc
Hyperlinks
-* Internal Links:: Links to other places in the current file
-* External Links:: URL-like links to the world
-* Managing links:: Creating, inserting and following
-* Search Options:: Linking to a specific location
+* Link format:: How links in Org-mode are formatted
+* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
+* External links:: URL-like links to the world
+* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
+* Link abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links
+* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
+* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes
-Internal Links
+Internal links
* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
-* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links
+
+Remember
+
+* Setting up remember:: Some code for .emacs to get things going
+* Remember templates:: Define the outline of different note types
+* Storing notes:: Directly get the note to where it belongs
TODO items
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
-* Progress Logging:: Document your productivity
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
+* Breaking down tasks:: Splitting a task into managable pieces
+* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists
Extended use of TODO keywords
* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
+* Custom time format:: If you cannot work with the ISO format
+* Repeating items:: Deadlines that come back again and again
+* Progress logging:: Documenting when what work was done.
+
+Creating timestamps
+
+* The date/time prompt:: How org-mode helps you entering date and time
+
+Progress Logging
+
+* Closing items:: When was this entry marked DONE?
+* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change?
+* Clocking work time:: When exactly did you work on this item?
+
+Tags
+
+* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
+* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
+* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
Agenda Views
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
-* Weekly/Daily Agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
+* Built-in agenda views:: What is available out of the box?
+* Presentation and sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display
+* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
+* Custom agenda views:: Defining special searches and views
+
+The built-in agenda views
+
+* Weekly/Daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
-* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
+* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review
-The weekly/daily agenda
+Presentation and sorting
* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
-* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
+Custom agenda views
+
+* Storing searches:: Type once, use often
+* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer
+* Setting Options:: Changing the rules
+* Batch processing:: Agenda views from the command line
+
+Embedded LaTeX
+
+* Math symbols:: TeX macros for symbols and Greek letters
+* Subscripts and Superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text
+* LaTeX fragments:: Complex formulas made easy
+* Processing LaTeX fragments:: Previewing LaTeX processing
+* CDLaTeX mode:: Speed up entering of formulas
+
Exporting
-* ASCII export:: Export as a structured ASCII file
-* HTML export:: Export as an HTML file
-* iCalendar export:: Create calendar entries.
+* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
+* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
+* XOXO export:: Exporting to XOXO
+* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
+* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file
HTML export
-* HTML formatting:: Interpretation of the buffer content
-* Export options:: How to influence exports
-* Comment lines:: Lines which will not be exported
+* Export commands:: How to invode HTML export
+* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org-mode
+* Links:: How hyperlinks get transferred to HTML
+* Images:: To inline or not to inline?
+* CSS support:: Style specifications
+
+Text interpretation by the exporter
+
+* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
+* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
+* Export options:: How to influence the export settings
+
+Publishing
+
+* Configuration:: Defining projects
+* Sample configuration:: Example projects
+* Triggering publication:: Publication commands
+
+Configuration
+
+* Project alist:: The central configuration variable
+* Sources and destinations:: From here to there
+* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project?
+* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing
+* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML export
+* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing?
+* Project page index:: Publishing a list of project files
+
+Sample configuration
+
+* Simple example:: One-component publishing
+* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example
Miscellaneous
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
+* In-buffer settings:: Overview of the #+KEYWORDS
+* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
-* FAQ:: Frequently asked questions
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
-* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more
+
+Interaction with other packages
+
+* Cooperation:: Packages Org-mode cooperates with
+* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts
+
+Extensions, Hooks and Hacking
+
+* Extensions:: Existing 3rd-part extensions
+* Tables in arbitrary syntax:: Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs
+* Dynamic blocks:: Automatically filled blocks
+* Special agenda views:: Customized views
+
+Tables in arbitrary syntax
+
+* Radio tables:: Sending and receiving
+* A LaTeX example:: Step by step, almost a tutorial
+* Translator functions:: Copy and modify
@end detailmenu
@end menu
-@node Introduction, Document Structure, Top, Top
+@node Introduction, Document structure, Top, Top
@chapter Introduction
@cindex introduction
@menu
* Summary:: Brief summary of what Org-mode does
-* Installation and Activation:: How to install Org-mode
+* Installation:: How to install a downloaded version of Org-mode
+* Activation:: How to activate Org-mode for certain buffers.
* Feedback:: Bug reports, ideas, patches etc.
@end menu
-@node Summary, Installation and Activation, Introduction, Introduction
+@node Summary, Installation, Introduction, Introduction
@section Summary
@cindex summary
project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
Org-mode develops organizational tasks around NOTES files that contain
-information about projects as plain text. Org-mode is implemented on
-top of outline-mode, which makes it possible to keep the content of
-large files well structured. Visibility cycling and structure editing
-help to work with the tree. Tables are easily created with a built-in
-table editor. Org-mode supports ToDo items, deadlines, time stamps,
-and scheduling. It dynamically compiles entries into an agenda that
-utilizes and smoothly integrates much of the Emacs calendar and diary.
-Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails, Usenet
-messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects. For
-printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode file can be exported as a
+lists or information about projects as plain text. Org-mode is
+implemented on top of outline-mode, which makes it possible to keep the
+content of large files well structured. Visibility cycling and
+structure editing help to work with the tree. Tables are easily created
+with a built-in table editor. Org-mode supports ToDo items, deadlines,
+time stamps, and scheduling. It dynamically compiles entries into an
+agenda that utilizes and smoothly integrates much of the Emacs calendar
+and diary. Plain text URL-like links connect to websites, emails,
+Usenet messages, BBDB entries, and any files related to the projects.
+For printing and sharing of notes, an Org-mode file can be exported as a
structured ASCII file, as HTML, or (todo and agenda items only) as an
-iCalendar file.
+iCalendar file. It can also serve as a publishing tool for a set of
+linked webpages.
+
+An important design aspect that distinguishes Org-mode from for example
+Planner/Muse is that it encourages to store every piece of information
+only once. In Planner, you have project pages, day pages and possibly
+other files, duplicating some information such as tasks. In Org-mode,
+you only have notes files. In your notes you mark entries as tasks,
+label them with tags and timestamps. All necessary lists like a
+schedule for the day, the agenda for a meeting, tasks lists selected by
+tags etc are created dynamically when you need them.
Org-mode keeps simple things simple. When first fired up, it should
-feel like a simple but easy to use outliner. Complexity is not
-imposed, but a large amount of functionality is available when you
-need it. Org-mode can be used on different levels and in different
-ways, for example
+feel like a straightforward, easy to use outliner. Complexity is not
+imposed, but a large amount of functionality is available when you need
+it. Org-mode can be used on different levels and in different ways, for
+example as:
@example
-@r{@bullet{} as an outline extension with visibility cycling and structure editing}
-@r{@bullet{} as an ASCII system and table editor for taking structured notes}
-@r{@bullet{} as an ASCII table editor with spreadsheet-like capabilities}
-@r{@bullet{} as a simple hypertext system, with HTML export}
-@r{@bullet{} as a TODO list editor}
-@r{@bullet{} as a full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling}
+@r{@bullet{} outline extension with visibility cycling and structure editing}
+@r{@bullet{} ASCII system and table editor for taking structured notes}
+@r{@bullet{} ASCII table editor with spreadsheet-like capabilities}
+@r{@bullet{} TODO list editor}
+@r{@bullet{} full agenda and planner with deadlines and work scheduling}
+@r{@bullet{} environment to implement David Allen's GTD system}
+@r{@bullet{} simple hypertext system, with HTML export}
+@r{@bullet{} publishing tool to create a set of interlinked webpages}
@end example
-The Org-mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
-activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
+Org-mode's automatic, context sensitive table editor with spreadsheet
+capabilities can be integrated into any major mode by activating the
+minor Orgtbl-mode. Using a translation step, it can be used to maintain
+tables in arbitray file types, for example in LaTeX.
+@cindex FAQ
There is a website for Org-mode which provides links to the newest
-version of Org-mode, as well as additional information, screen shots
-and example files. This page is located at
+version of Org-mode, as well as additional information, frequently asked
+questions (FAQ), links to tutorials etc. This page is located at
@uref{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/}.
@page
-@node Installation and Activation, Feedback, Summary, Introduction
-@section Installation and Activation
+
+@node Installation, Activation, Summary, Introduction
+@section Installation
@cindex installation
+@cindex XEmacs
+
+@b{Important:} @i{If Org-mode is part of the Emacs distribution or an
+XEmacs package, please skip this section and go directly to
+@ref{Activation}.}
+
+If you have downloaded Org-mode from the Web, you must take the
+following steps to install it: Go into the Org-mode distribution
+directory and edit the top section of the file @file{Makefile}. You
+must set the name of the Emacs binary (likely either @file{emacs} or
+@file{xemacs}), and the paths to the directories where local Lisp and
+Info files are kept. If you don't have access to the system-wide
+directories, create your own two directories for these files, enter them
+into the Makefile, and make sure Emacs finds the Lisp files by adding
+the following line to @file{.emacs}:
+
+@example
+(setq load-path (cons "~/path/to/lispdir" load-path))
+@end example
+
+@b{XEmacs users now need to install the file @file{noutline.el} from
+the @file{xemacs} subdirectory of the Org-mode distribution. Use the
+command:}
+
+@example
+@b{make install-noutline}
+@end example
+
+@noindent Now byte-compile and install the Lisp files with the shell
+commands:
+
+@example
+make
+make install
+@end example
+
+@noindent If you want to install the info documentation, use this command:
+
+@example
+make install-info
+@end example
+
+@noindent Then add to @file{.emacs}:
+
+@lisp
+;; This line only if org-mode is not part of the X/Emacs distribution.
+(require 'org-install)
+@end lisp
+
+@node Activation, Feedback, Installation, Introduction
+@section Activation
+@cindex activation
@cindex autoload
@cindex global keybindings
@cindex keybindings, global
-If Org-mode is part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs package,
-you only need to copy the following lines to your @file{.emacs} file.
-The last two lines define @emph{global} keys for the commands
-@command{org-store-link} and @command{org-agenda} - please
-choose suitable keys yourself.
+@iftex
+@b{Important:} @i{If you use copy-and-paste to copy lisp code from the
+PDF documentation to your .emacs file, the single quote character comes
+out incorrectly and the code will not work. You need to fix the single
+quotes by hand, or copy from Info documentation.}
+@end iftex
+
+Add the following lines to your @file{.emacs} file. The last two lines
+define @emph{global} keys for the commands @command{org-store-link} and
+@command{org-agenda} - please choose suitable keys yourself.
@lisp
;; The following lines are always needed. Choose your own keys.
(define-key global-map "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
@end lisp
-If you have downloaded Org-mode from the Web, you must byte-compile
-@file{org.el} and put it on your load path. In addition to the Emacs
-Lisp lines above, you also need to add the following lines to
-@file{.emacs}:
-
+Furthermore, you must activate @code{font-lock-mode} in org-mode
+buffers, because significant functionality depends on font-locking being
+active. You can do this with either one of the following two lines
+(XEmacs user must use the second option):
@lisp
-;; These lines only if org-mode is not part of the X/Emacs distribution.
-(autoload 'org-mode "org" "Org mode" t)
-(autoload 'org-diary "org" "Diary entries from Org mode")
-(autoload 'org-agenda "org" "Multi-file agenda from Org mode" t)
-(autoload 'org-store-link "org" "Store a link to the current location" t)
-(autoload 'orgtbl-mode "org" "Org tables as a minor mode" t)
-(autoload 'turn-on-orgtbl "org" "Org tables as a minor mode")
+(global-font-lock-mode 1) ; for all buffers
+(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock) ; org-mode buffers only
@end lisp
@cindex org-mode, turning on
-With this setup, all files with extension @samp{.org} will be put into
-Org-mode. As an alternative, make the first line of a file look like
-this:
+With this setup, all files with extension @samp{.org} will be put
+into Org-mode. As an alternative, make the first line of a file look
+like this:
@example
MY PROJECTS -*- mode: org; -*-
@noindent which will select Org-mode for this buffer no matter what
the file's name is. See also the variable
-@code{org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file'}.
+@code{org-insert-mode-line-in-empty-file}.
-@node Feedback, , Installation and Activation, Introduction
+@node Feedback, , Activation, Introduction
@section Feedback
@cindex feedback
@cindex bug reports
@cindex author
If you find problems with Org-mode, or if you have questions, remarks,
-or ideas about it, please contact the maintainer Carsten Dominik at
+or ideas about it, please contact the maintainer @value{MAINTAINER} at
@value{MAINTAINEREMAIL}.
For bug reports, please provide as much information as possible,
including the version information of Emacs (@kbd{C-h v emacs-version
-@key{RET}}) and Org-mode (@kbd{M-x org-version}), as well as the
-Org-mode related setup in @file{.emacs}. If an error occurs, a
-traceback can be very useful. Often a small example file helps, along
-with clear information about:
+@key{RET}}) and Org-mode (@kbd{C-h v org-version @key{RET}}), as well as
+the Org-mode related setup in @file{.emacs}. If an error occurs, a
+backtrace can be very useful (see below on how to create one). Often a
+small example file helps, along with clear information about:
+
@enumerate
@item What exactly did you do?
@item What did you expect to happen?
@item What happened instead?
@end enumerate
-@noindent Thanks for helping to improve this mode.
+@noindent Thank you for helping to improve this mode.
+
+@subsubheading How to create a useful backtrace
+
+@cindex backtrace of an error
+If working with Org-mode produces an error with a message you don't
+understand, you may have hit a bug. The best way to report this is by
+providing, in addition to what was mentioned above, a @emph{Backtrace}.
+This is information from the built-in debugger about where and how the
+error occurred. Here is how to produce a useful backtrace:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+Start a fresh Emacs or XEmacs, and make sure that it will load the
+original Lisp code in @file{org.el} instead of the compiled version in
+@file{org.elc}. The backtrace contains much more information if it is
+produced with uncompiled code. To do this, either rename @file{org.elc}
+to something else before starting Emacs, or ask Emacs explicitly to load
+@file{org.el} by using the command line
+@example
+emacs -l /path/to/org.el
+@end example
+@item
+Go to the @code{Options} menu and select @code{Enter Debugger on Error}
+(XEmacs has this option in the @code{Troubleshooting} sub-menu).
+@item
+Do whatever you have to do to hit the error. Don't forget to
+document the steps you take.
+@item
+When you hit the error, a @file{*Backtrace*} buffer will appear on the
+screen. Save this buffer to a file (for example using @kbd{C-x C-w}) and
+attach it to your bug report.
+@end enumerate
-@node Document Structure, Tables, Introduction, Top
+@node Document structure, Tables, Introduction, Top
@chapter Document Structure
@cindex document structure
@cindex structure of document
* Structure editing:: Changing sequence and level of headlines
* Archiving:: Move done task trees to a different place
* Sparse trees:: Matches embedded in context
-* Tags:: Tagging headlines and matching sets of tags
-* Plain Lists:: Editing hand-formatted lists
+* Plain lists:: Additional structure within an entry
@end menu
-@node Outlines, Headlines, Document Structure, Document Structure
+@node Outlines, Headlines, Document structure, Document structure
@section Outlines
@cindex outlines
@cindex outline-mode
single command @command{org-cycle}, which is bound to the @key{TAB}
key.
-@node Headlines, Visibility cycling, Outlines, Document Structure
+@node Headlines, Visibility cycling, Outlines, Document structure
@section Headlines
@cindex headlines
@cindex outline tree
-Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The Headlines in
+Headlines define the structure of an outline tree. The headlines in
Org-mode start with one or more stars, on the left margin. For
-example
+example:
@example
* Top level headline
more text
* Another top level headline
@end example
+
@noindent Some people find the many stars too noisy and would prefer an
outline that has whitespace followed by a single star as headline
starters. @ref{Clean view} describes a setup to realize this.
-@node Visibility cycling, Motion, Headlines, Document Structure
+@node Visibility cycling, Motion, Headlines, Document structure
@section Visibility cycling
@cindex cycling, visibility
@cindex visibility cycling
@cindex hide text
Outlines make it possible to hide parts of the text in the buffer.
-Org-mode uses a single command bound to the @key{TAB} key to change
-the visibility in the buffer.
+Org-mode uses just two commands, bound to @key{TAB} and
+@kbd{S-@key{TAB}} to change the visibility in the buffer.
@cindex subtree visibility states
+@cindex subtree cycling
@cindex folded, subtree visibility state
@cindex children, subtree visibility state
@cindex subtree, subtree visibility state
@table @kbd
@kindex @key{TAB}
@item @key{TAB}
-Rotate current subtree between the states
+@emph{Subtree cycling}: Rotate current subtree between the states
+
@example
,-> FOLDED -> CHILDREN -> SUBTREE --.
'-----------------------------------'
@end example
-At the beginning of the buffer (or when called with @kbd{C-u}), this does
-the same as the command @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} below.
+
+The cursor must be on a headline for this to work@footnote{see, however,
+the option @code{org-cycle-emulate-tab}.}. When the cursor is at the
+beginning of the buffer and the first line is not a headline, then
+@key{TAB} actually runs global cycling (see below)@footnote{see the
+option @code{org-cycle-global-at-bob}.}. Also when called with a prefix
+argument (@kbd{C-u @key{TAB}}), global cycling is invoked.
@cindex global visibility states
+@cindex global cycling
@cindex overview, global visibility state
@cindex contents, global visibility state
@cindex show all, global visibility state
@kindex S-@key{TAB}
@item S-@key{TAB}
-Rotate the entire buffer between the states
+@itemx C-u @key{TAB}
+@emph{Global cycling}: Rotate the entire buffer between the states
+
@example
,-> OVERVIEW -> CONTENTS -> SHOW ALL --.
'--------------------------------------'
@end example
+
+When @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} is called with a numerical prefix N, the CONTENTS
+view up to headlines of level N will be shown.
Note that inside tables, @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} jumps to the previous field.
@cindex show all, command
@kindex C-c C-a
@item C-c C-a
Show all.
+@kindex C-c C-r
+@item C-c C-r
+Reveal context around point, showing the current entry, the following
+heading and the hierarchy above. Useful for working near a location
+exposed by a sparse tree command (@pxref{Sparse trees}) or an agenda
+command (@pxref{Agenda commands}). With prefix arg show, on each
+level, all sibling headings.
+@kindex C-c C-x b
+@item C-c C-x b
+Show the current subtree in an indirect buffer@footnote{The indirect
+buffer (@pxref{Indirect Buffers,Indirect Buffers,Indirect
+Buffers,emacs,GNU Emacs Manual}) will contain the entire buffer, but
+will be narrowed to the current tree. Editing the indirect buffer will
+also change the original buffer, but without affecting visibility in
+that buffer.}. With numerical prefix ARG, go up to this level and then
+take that tree. If ARG is negative, go up that many levels. With
+@kbd{C-u} prefix, do not remove the previously used indirect buffer.
@end table
When Emacs first visits an Org-mode file, the global state is set to
buffer:
@example
-#+STARTUP: fold
-#+STARTUP: nofold
+#+STARTUP: overview
#+STARTUP: content
+#+STARTUP: showall
@end example
-@node Motion, Structure editing, Visibility cycling, Document Structure
+@node Motion, Structure editing, Visibility cycling, Document structure
@section Motion
@cindex motion, between headlines
@cindex jumping, to headlines
visible.
@end table
-@node Structure editing, Archiving, Motion, Document Structure
+@node Structure editing, Archiving, Motion, Document structure
@section Structure editing
@cindex structure editing
@cindex headline, promotion and demotion
@kindex M-@key{RET}
@item M-@key{RET}
Insert new heading with same level as current. If the cursor is in a
-plain list item, a new item is created. To force creation of a new
-headline, use a prefix arg, or first press @key{RET} to get to the
-beginning of the next line.
+plain list item, a new item is created (@pxref{Plain lists}). To force
+creation of a new headline, use a prefix arg, or first press @key{RET}
+to get to the beginning of the next line. When this command is used in
+the middle of a line, the line is split and the rest of the line becomes
+the new headline. If the command is used at the beginning of a
+headline, the new headline is created before the current line. If at
+the beginning of any other line, the content of that line is made the
+new heading. If the command is used at the end of a folded subtree
+(i.e. behind the ellipses at the end of a headline), then a headline
+like the current one will be inserted after the end of the subtree.
@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
@item M-S-@key{RET}
Insert new TODO entry with same level as current heading.
@kindex M-@key{left}
@item M-@key{left}
-Promote current heading by one level
+Promote current heading by one level.
@kindex M-@key{right}
@item M-@key{right}
-Demote current heading by one level
+Demote current heading by one level.
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
@item M-S-@key{left}
-Promote the current subtree by one level
+Promote the current subtree by one level.
@kindex M-S-@key{right}
@item M-S-@key{right}
-Demote the current subtree by one level
+Demote the current subtree by one level.
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
@item M-S-@key{up}
Move subtree up (swap with previous subtree of same
-level)
+level).
@kindex M-S-@key{down}
@item M-S-@key{down}
-Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level)
+Move subtree down (swap with next subtree of same level).
@kindex C-c C-x C-w
@kindex C-c C-x C-k
@item C-c C-x C-w
make sure the tree fits in nicely at the yank position. The yank
level can also be specified with a prefix arg, or by yanking after a
headline marker like @samp{****}.
+@kindex C-c ^
+@item C-c ^
+Sort same-level entries. When there is an active region, all entries in
+the region will be sorted. Otherwise the children of the current
+headline are sorted. The command prompts for the sorting method, which
+can be alphabetically, numerically, by time (using the first time stamp
+in each entry), and each of these in reverse order. With a @kbd{C-u}
+prefix, sorting will be case-sensitive. With two @kbd{C-u C-u}
+prefixes, duplicate entries will also be removed.
@end table
@cindex region, active
inside a table (@pxref{Tables}), the Meta-Cursor keys have different
functionality.
-@node Archiving, Sparse trees, Structure editing, Document Structure
+@node Archiving, Sparse trees, Structure editing, Document structure
@section Archiving
@cindex archiving
-@cindex filing subtrees
When a project represented by a (sub)tree is finished, you may want
-to move the tree to an archive place, either in the same file under a
-special top-level heading, or even to a different file.
+to move the tree out of the way and to stop it from contributing to the
+agenda. Org-mode knows two ways of archiving. You can mark a tree with
+the ARCHIVE tag, or you can move an entire (sub)tree to a different
+location.
+
+@menu
+* ARCHIVE tag:: Marking a tree as inactive
+* Moving subtrees:: Moving a tree to an archive file
+@end menu
+
+@node ARCHIVE tag, Moving subtrees, Archiving, Archiving
+@subsection The ARCHIVE tag
+@cindex internal archiving
+
+A headline that is marked with the ARCHIVE tag (@pxref{Tags}) stays at
+its location in the outline tree, but behaves in the following way:
+@itemize @minus
+@item
+It does not open when you attempt to do so with a visibility cycling
+command (@pxref{Visibility cycling}). You can force cycling archived
+subtrees with @kbd{C-@key{TAB}}, or by setting the option
+@code{org-cycle-open-archived-trees}. Also normal outline commands like
+@code{show-all} will open archived subtrees.
+@item
+During sparse tree construction (@pxref{Sparse trees}), matches in
+archived subtrees are not exposed, unless you configure the option
+@code{org-sparse-tree-open-archived-trees}.
+@item
+During agenda view construction (@pxref{Agenda views}), the content of
+archived trees is ignored unless you configure the option
+@code{org-agenda-skip-archived-trees}.
+@item
+Archived trees are not exported (@pxref{Exporting}), only the headline
+is. Configure the details using the variable
+@code{org-export-with-archived-trees}.
+@end itemize
+
+The following commands help managing the ARCHIVE tag:
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x C-a
+@item C-c C-x C-a
+Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline. When the tag is set,
+the headline changes to a shadowish face, and the subtree below it is
+hidden.
+@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-a
+@item C-u C-c C-x C-a
+Check if any direct children of the current headline should be archived.
+To do this, each subtree is checked for open TODO entries. If none are
+found, the command offers to set the ARCHIVE tag for the child. If the
+cursor is @emph{not} on a headline when this command is invoked, the
+level 1 trees will be checked.
+@kindex C-@kbd{TAB}
+@item C-@kbd{TAB}
+Cycle a tree even if it is tagged with ARCHIVE.
+@end table
+
+@node Moving subtrees, , ARCHIVE tag, Archiving
+@subsection Moving subtrees
+@cindex external archiving
+
+Once an entire project is finished, you may want to move it to a
+different location, either in the current file, or even in a different
+file, the archive file.
+
@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c $
-@item @kbd{C-c $}
+@kindex C-c C-x C-s
+@item C-c C-x C-s
Archive the subtree starting at the cursor position to the location
given by @code{org-archive-location}.
+@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-s
+@item C-u C-c C-x C-s
+Check if any direct children of the current headline could be moved to
+the archive. To do this, each subtree is checked for open TODO entries.
+If none are found, the command offers to move it to the archive
+location. If the cursor is @emph{not} on a headline when this command
+is invoked, the level 1 trees will be checked.
@end table
@cindex archive locations
-The default archive is a file in the same directory as the current
-file, with the name derived by appending @file{_archive} to the
-current file name. For information and examples on how to change
-this, see the documentation string of the variable
-@code{org-archive-location}. If you are also using the Org-mode
-agenda, archiving to a different file is a good way to keep archived
-trees from contributing agenda items.
-
-@node Sparse trees, Tags, Archiving, Document Structure
+The default archive location is a file in the same directory as the
+current file, with the name derived by appending @file{_archive} to the
+current file name. For information and examples on how to change this,
+see the documentation string of the variable
+@code{org-archive-location}. There is also an in-buffer option for
+setting this variable, for example
+
+@example
+#+ARCHIVE: %s_done::
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+You may have several such lines in the buffer, they will then be valid
+for the entries following the line (the first will also apply to any
+text before it).
+
+@node Sparse trees, Plain lists, Archiving, Document structure
@section Sparse trees
@cindex sparse trees
@cindex trees, sparse
sparse tree means that the entire document is folded as much as
possible, but the selected information is made visible along with the
headline structure above it@footnote{See also the variables
-@code{org-show-hierarchy-above} and
-@code{org-show-following-heading}.}. Just try it out and you will see
-immediately how it works.
+@code{org-show-hierarchy-above}, @code{org-show-following-heading}, and
+@code{org-show-siblings} for detailed control on how much context is
+shown around each match.}. Just try it out and you will see immediately
+how it works.
Org-mode contains several commands creating such trees. The most
basic one is @command{org-occur}:
match is in the body of an entry, headline and body are made visible.
In order to provide minimal context, also the full hierarchy of
headlines above the match is shown, as well as the headline following
-the match. Each match is also highlighted, the highlights disappear
-when the buffer is changed with an editing command.
+the match. Each match is also highlighted; the highlights disappear
+when the buffer is changes an editing command, or by pressing @kbd{C-c
+C-c}. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, previous highlights
+are kept, so several calls to this command can be stacked.
@end table
@noindent
For frequently used sparse trees of specific search strings, you can
use the variable @code{org-agenda-custom-commands} to define fast
keyboard access to specific sparse trees. These commands will then be
accessible through the agenda dispatcher (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
-For example
+For example:
+
@lisp
(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
'(("f" occur-tree "FIXME")))
@end lisp
+
@noindent will define the key @kbd{C-c a f} as a shortcut for creating
a sparse tree matching the string @samp{FIXME}.
-Other commands are using sparse trees as well. For example @kbd{C-c
+Other commands use sparse trees as well. For example @kbd{C-c
C-v} creates a sparse TODO tree (@pxref{TODO basics}).
-@kindex C-c C-x v
+@kindex C-c C-e v
@cindex printing sparse trees
@cindex visible text, printing
To print a sparse tree, you can use the Emacs command
@code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces} which does not print invisible parts
of the document @footnote{This does not work under XEmacs, because
-XEmacs uses selective display for outlining, not text properties}.
-Or you can use the command @kbd{C-c C-x v} to copy the visible part of
-the document to another file (extension @file{.txt}) which then can be
-printed in any desired way.
-
-@node Tags, Plain Lists, Sparse trees, Document Structure
-@section Tags
-@cindex tags
-@cindex headline tagging
-@cindex matching, tags
-@cindex sparse tree, tag based
-
-If you wish to implement a tag system to cross-correlate information,
-this can be done as well in Org-mode. Every headline can contain a
-list of tags, at the end of the headline. Tags are normal words
-containing letters, numbers, @samp{_}, and @samp{@@}. Tags must be
-preceded and followed by a single colon; like @samp{:WORK:}. Several
-tags can be specified like @samp{:WORK:URGENT:}.
-
-@cindex inheritance, of tags
-Tags make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If a
-heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
-well. For example, in the list
-
-@example
-* Meeting with the French group :WORK:
-** Summary by Frank :BOSS:NOTES:
-*** TODO Prepare slides for him :ACTION:
-@end example
-@noindent
-the final heading will have the tags @samp{:WORK:}, @samp{:BOSS:},
-@samp{:NOTES:}, and @samp{:ACTION:}. When executing tag searches and
-Org-mode finds that a certain headline matches the search criterion,
-it will not check any sublevel headline, assuming that these likely
-also match, and that the list of matches can become very long. You
-can influence inheritance and searching using the variables
-@code{org-use-tag-inheritance} and
-@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}.
-
-@kindex M-@key{TAB}
-Tags can simply be typed into the buffer. After a colon,
-@kbd{M-@key{TAB}} offers completion on all tags being used in the
-current buffer. There are also special commands for inserting tags,
-and for executing searches based on tags.
-
-@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-c
-@item C-c C-c
-@cindex completion, of tags
-Enter new tags for the current headline. The minibuffer will prompt
-for a list of tags and offer completion with respect to all other tags
-used in the current buffer. Several tags, separated by colons, may be
-specified at the prompt. After pressing @key{RET}, the tags will
-be inserted and aligned to @code{org-tags-column}. When called with a
-@kbd{C-u} prefix, align all tags in the current buffer to that column,
-just to make things look nice. TAGS are automatically realigned after
-promotion, demotion, and TODO state changes (@pxref{TODO basics}).
-@kindex C-c \
-@item C-c \
-Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search.
-@kindex C-c a m
-@item C-c a m
-Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files.
-@xref{Matching headline tags}.
-@kindex C-c a M
-@item C-c a M
-Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check
-only TODO items and force checking subitems (see variable
-@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}).
-@end table
+XEmacs uses selective display for outlining, not text properties.}.
+Or you can use the command @kbd{C-c C-e v} to export only the visible
+part of the document and print the resulting file.
-A tags search string can use Boolean operators @samp{&} for AND and
-@samp{|} for OR. @samp{&} binds more strongly than
-@samp{|}. Parenthesis are currently no implemented. A tag may also be
-preceded by @samp{-}, to select against it, and @samp{+} is syntactic
-sugar for positive selection. The AND operator @samp{&} is optional
-when @samp{+} or @samp{-} is present. For example, @samp{+WORK-BOSS}
-would select all headlines that are tagged @samp{:WORK:}, but discard
-those also tagged @samp{:BOSS:}. The search string @samp{WORK|LAPTOP}
-selects all lines tagged @samp{:WORK:} or @samp{:LAPTOP:}. The string
-@samp{WORK|LAPTOP&NIGHT} requires that the @samp{:LAPTOP:} lines are
-also tagged @samp{NIGHT}.
-
-@node Plain Lists, , Tags, Document Structure
-@section Plain Lists
+@node Plain lists, , Sparse trees, Document structure
+@section Plain lists
@cindex plain lists
@cindex lists, plain
@cindex lists, ordered
@cindex ordered lists
-Headlines define the structure of the Org-mode file, and also lists
-(for example TODO items (@pxref{TODO items}) should be created using
-headline levels. However, when taking notes, the plain text is
-sometimes easier to read with hand-formatted lists. Org-mode supports
-editing such lists, and the HTML exporter (@pxref{Exporting}) does
-parse and format them.
+Within an entry of the outline tree, hand-formatted lists can provide
+additional structure. They also provide a way to create lists of
+checkboxes (@pxref{Checkboxes}). Org-mode supports editing such lists,
+and the HTML exporter (@pxref{Exporting}) does parse and format them.
Org-mode knows ordered and unordered lists. Unordered list items start
with @samp{-}, @samp{+}, or @samp{*}@footnote{When using @samp{*} as a
bullet, lines must be indented or they will be seen as top-level
headlines. Also, when you are hiding leading stars to get a clean
outline view, plain list items starting with a star are visually
-indistinguishable from true headlines. In short: Even though @samp{*}
-is supported, it may be better to not use it for plain list items} as
+indistinguishable from true headlines. In short: even though @samp{*}
+is supported, it may be better not to use it for plain list items} as
bullets. Ordered list items start with @samp{1.} or @samp{1)}. Items
belonging to the same list must have the same indentation on the first
-line. In particular, if an ordered list reaches number @samp{10.}, also
+line. In particular, if an ordered list reaches number @samp{10.}, then
the 2--digit numbers must be written left-aligned with the other numbers
in the list. Indentation also determines the end of a list item. It
ends before the next line that is indented like the bullet/number, or
less. For example:
@example
+@group
** Lord of the Rings
-My favorite scenes are (in this order)
-1. Eowyns fight with the witch king
- + this was already my favorite scene in the book
- + I really like Miranda Otto.
-2. The attack of the Rohirrim
-3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas
- - on DVD only
- He makes a really funny face when it happens.
+ My favorite scenes are (in this order)
+ 1. The attack of the Rohirrim
+ 2. Eowyns fight with the witch king
+ + this was already my favorite scene in the book
+ + I really like Miranda Otto.
+ 3. Peter Jackson being shot by Legolas
+ - on DVD only
+ He makes a really funny face when it happens.
+ But in the end, not individual scenes matter but the film as a whole.
+@end group
+@end example
+
+Org-mode supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands to
+deal with them correctly@footnote{Org-mode only changes the filling
+settings for Emacs. For XEmacs, you should use Kyle E. Jones'
+@file{filladapt.el}. To turn this on, put into @file{.emacs}:
+@example
+(require 'filladapt)
@end example
+}.
-Org-mode supports these lists by tuning filling and wrapping commands
-to correctly deal with them. Furthermore, the following commands act
-on items when the cursor is in the first line of an item (the line
-with the bullet or number).
+The following commands act on items when the cursor is in the first line
+of an item (the line with the bullet or number).
@table @kbd
@kindex @key{TAB}
@item @key{TAB}
Items can be folded just like headline levels if you set the variable
@code{org-cycle-include-plain-lists}. The level of an item is then
-given by the indentation of the bullet/number. However, items are
-always subordinate to real headlines, the hierarchies remain
+given by the indentation of the bullet/number. Items are always
+subordinate to real headlines, however; the hierarchies remain
completely separated.
@kindex M-@key{RET}
@item M-@key{RET}
-Insert new item at current level. With prefix arg, for a new heading.
+Insert new item at current level. With prefix arg, force a new heading
+(@pxref{Structure editing}). If this command is used in the middle of a
+line, the line is @emph{split} and the rest of the line becomes the new
+item. If this command is executed in the @emph{whitespace before a bullet or
+number}, the new item is created @emph{before} the current item. If the
+command is executed in the white space before the text that is part of
+an item but does not contain the bullet, a bullet is added to the
+current line.
+@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
+@item M-S-@key{RET}
+Insert a new item with a checkbox (@pxref{Checkboxes}).
+@kindex S-@key{up}
+@kindex S-@key{down}
+@item S-@key{up}
+@itemx S-@key{down}
+Jump to the previous/next item in the current list.
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
@kindex M-S-@key{down}
@item M-S-@key{up}
the command chain with a cursor motion or so.
@kindex C-c C-c
@item C-c C-c
-Renumber the ordered list at the cursor.
+If there is a checkbox (@pxref{Checkboxes}) in the item line, toggle the
+state of the checkbox. Otherwise, if this is an ordered list, renumber
+the ordered list at the cursor.
@end table
-@node Tables, Hyperlinks, Document Structure, Top
+@node Tables, Hyperlinks, Document structure, Top
@chapter Tables
@cindex tables
@cindex editing tables
@menu
* Built-in table editor:: Simple tables
-* Table calculations:: Compute a field from other fields
+* Narrow columns:: Stop wasting space in tables
* orgtbl-mode:: The table editor as minor mode
-* table.el:: Complex tables
+* The spreadsheet:: The table editor has spreadsheet capabilities.
@end menu
-@node Built-in table editor, Table calculations, Tables, Tables
+@node Built-in table editor, Narrow columns, Tables, Tables
@section The built-in table editor
-@cindex table editor, builtin
+@cindex table editor, built-in
Org-mode makes it easy to format tables in plain ASCII. Any line with
@samp{|} as the first non-white character is considered part of a
create the above table, you would only type
@example
-|Name|Phone|Age
+|Name|Phone|Age|
|-
@end example
+
@noindent and then press @key{TAB} to align the table and start filling in
fields.
@table @kbd
@tsubheading{Creation and conversion}
-@item M-x org-table-create
-Creates an empty Org-mode table. However, it is much easier to just
-start typing, like @kbd{|Name|Phone|Age @key{RET} |- @key{TAB}}
-
-@kindex C-c C-c
-@item C-c C-c
-Convert region to table. Works when the cursor is not in an existing
-table, and when there is a region defined. If every line contains at
-least one TAB character, the function assumes that the material is tab
-separated. If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields. You
-can use a prefix argument to indicate how many consecutive spaces are
-at least required to indicate a field separator (default: just one).
+@kindex C-c |
+@item C-c |
+Convert the active region to table. If every line contains at least one
+TAB character, the function assumes that the material is tab separated.
+If not, lines are split at whitespace into fields. You can use a prefix
+argument to indicate the minimum number of consecutive spaces required
+to identify a field separator (default: just one).@*
+If there is no active region, this command creates an empty Org-mode
+table. But it's easier just to start typing, like
+@kbd{|Name|Phone|Age @key{RET} |- @key{TAB}}.
@tsubheading{Re-aligning and field motion}
@kindex C-c C-c
@kindex M-@key{right}
@item M-@key{left}
@itemx M-@key{right}
-Move the current column left/right
+Move the current column left/right.
@kindex M-S-@key{left}
@item M-S-@key{left}
@kindex M-@key{down}
@item M-@key{up}
@itemx M-@key{down}
-Move the current row up/down
+Move the current row up/down.
@kindex M-S-@key{up}
@item M-S-@key{up}
@kindex C-c ^
@item C-c ^
-Sort the table lines in the region. Point and mark must be in the first
-and last line to be included, and must be in the column that should be
-used for sorting. The command prompts for numerical versus
-alphanumerical sorting.
+Sort the table lines in the region. The position of point indicates the
+column to be used for sorting, and the range of lines is the range
+between the nearest horizontal separator lines, or the entire table. If
+point is before the first column, you will be prompted for the sorting
+column. If there is an active region, the mark specifies the first line
+and the sorting column, while point should be in the last line to be
+included into the sorting. The command prompts for the sorting type
+(alphabetically, numerically, or by time). When called with a prefix
+argument, alphabetic sorting will be case-sensitive.
@tsubheading{Regions}
@kindex C-c C-x M-w
is no region, the current field is split at the cursor position and the
text fragment to the right of the cursor is prepended to the field one
line down. If there is no region, but you specify a prefix ARG, the
-current field gets blank, and the content is appended to the field
+current field is made blank, and the content is appended to the field
above.
@tsubheading{Calculations}
@cindex formula, in tables
@cindex calculations, in tables
-@kindex C-c =
-@item C-c =
-Install a new formula for the current column and replace current field
-with the result of the formula.
-
-@kindex C-u C-c =
-@item C-u C-c =
-Install a new formula for the current field, which must be a named
-field. Evaluate the formula and replace the field content with the
-result.
-
-@kindex C-c '
-@item C-c '
-Edit all formulas associated with the current table in a separate
-buffer.
-
-@kindex C-c *
-@item C-c *
-Recalculate the current row by applying the stored formulas from left
-to right. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, recalculate the
-entire table, starting with the first non-header line (i.e. below the
-first horizontal separator line). For details, see @ref{Table calculations}.
-
-@kindex C-#
-@item C-#
-Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states
-@samp{}, @samp{#}, @samp{*}, @samp{!}, @samp{$}. For the meaning of
-these marks see @ref{Advanced features}. When there is an active
-region, change all marks in the region.
-
-@kindex C-c ?
-@item C-c ?
-Which table column is the cursor in? Displays number >0 in echo
-area.
@cindex region, active
@cindex active region
along with it. Depending on the variable
@code{org-table-copy-increment}, integer field values will be
incremented during copy. This key is also used by CUA-mode
-(@pxref{Interaction}).
+(@pxref{Cooperation}).
@tsubheading{Miscellaneous}
-@kindex C-c |
-@item C-c |
-Toggle the visibility of vertical lines in tables. The lines are
-still there, only made invisible with a text property. Any @samp{|}
-added by hand will become invisible on the next align.
+@kindex C-c `
+@item C-c `
+Edit the current field in a separate window. This is useful for fields
+that are not fully visible (@pxref{Narrow columns}). When called with a
+@kbd{C-u} prefix, just make the full field visible, so that it can be
+edited in place.
+
+@kindex C-c @key{TAB}
+@item C-c @key{TAB}
+This is an alias for @kbd{C-u C-c `} to make the current field fully
+visible.
@item M-x org-table-import
Import a file as a table. The table should be TAB- or whitespace
-separated. Useful for example to import an Excel table or data from a
+separated. Useful, for example, to import an Excel table or data from a
database, because these programs generally can write TAB-separated text
files. This command works by inserting the file into the buffer and
then converting the region to a table. Any prefix argument is passed on
to the converter, which uses it to determine the separator.
@item M-x org-table-export
-Export the table as a TAB-separated file. Useful for data exchange with
-for example Excel or database programs.
+Export the table as a TAB-separated file. Useful for data exchange with,
+for example, Excel or database programs.
@end table
-If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets into your
-way in lines which you would like to start with @samp{|}, you can turn
+If you don't like the automatic table editor because it gets in your
+way on lines which you would like to start with @samp{|}, you can turn
it off with
+
@lisp
(setq org-enable-table-editor nil)
@end lisp
-@noindent The only table command which then still works is
+
+@noindent Then the only table command that still works is
@kbd{C-c C-c} to do a manual re-align.
-@node Table calculations, orgtbl-mode, Built-in table editor, Tables
-@section Calculations in tables
+@node Narrow columns, orgtbl-mode, Built-in table editor, Tables
+@section Narrow columns
+@cindex narrow columns in tables
+
+The width of columns is automatically determined by the table editor.
+Sometimes a single field or a few fields need to carry more text,
+leading to inconveniently wide columns. To limit@footnote{This feature
+does not work on XEmacs.} the width of a column, one field anywhere in
+the column may contain just the string @samp{<N>} where @samp{N} is an
+integer specifying the width of the column in characters. The next
+re-align will then set the width of this column to no more than this
+value.
+
+@example
+@group
+|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
+| | | | | <6> |
+| 1 | one | | 1 | one |
+| 2 | two | ----\ | 2 | two |
+| 3 | This is a long chunk of text | ----/ | 3 | This=> |
+| 4 | four | | 4 | four |
+|---+------------------------------| |---+--------|
+@end group
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Fields that are wider become clipped and end in the string @samp{=>}.
+Note that the full text is still in the buffer, it is only invisible.
+To see the full text, hold the mouse over the field - a tooltip window
+will show the full content. To edit such a field, use the command
+@kbd{C-c `} (that is @kbd{C-c} followed by the backquote). This will
+open a new window with the full field. Edit it and finish with @kbd{C-c
+C-c}.
+
+When visiting a file containing a table with narrowed columns, the
+necessary character hiding has not yet happened, and the table needs to
+be aligned before it looks nice. Setting the option
+@code{org-startup-align-all-tables} will realign all tables in a file
+upon visiting, but also slow down startup. You can also set this option
+on a per-file basis with:
+
+@example
+#+STARTUP: align
+#+STARTUP: noalign
+@end example
+
+@node orgtbl-mode, The spreadsheet, Narrow columns, Tables
+@section The Orgtbl minor mode
+@cindex orgtbl-mode
+@cindex minor mode for tables
+
+If you like the intuitive way the Org-mode table editor works, you
+might also want to use it in other modes like text-mode or mail-mode.
+The minor mode Orgtbl-mode makes this possible. You can always toggle
+the mode with @kbd{M-x orgtbl-mode}. To turn it on by default, for
+example in mail mode, use
+
+@lisp
+(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl)
+@end lisp
+
+Furthermore, with some special setup, it is possible to maintain tables
+in arbitrary syntax with Orgtbl-mode. For example, it is possible to
+construct LaTeX tables with the underlying ease and power of
+Orgtbl-mode, including spreadsheet capabulities. For details, see
+@ref{Tables in arbitrary syntax}.
+
+@node The spreadsheet, , orgtbl-mode, Tables
+@section The spreadsheet
@cindex calculations, in tables
@cindex spreadsheet capabilities
@cindex @file{calc} package
-The table editor makes use of the Emacs @file{calc} package to
-implement spreadsheet-like capabilities. Org-mode has two levels of
-complexity for table calculations. On the basic level, tables do only
-horizontal computations, so a field can be computed from other fields
-@emph{in the same row}, and Org-mode assumes that there is only one
-formula for each column. This is very efficient to work with and
-enough for many tasks. On the complex level, columns and individual
-fields can be named for easier referencing in formulas, individual
-named fields can have their own formula associated with them, and
-recalculation can be automated.
-
+The table editor makes use of the Emacs @file{calc} package to implement
+spreadsheet-like capabilities. It can also evaluate Emacs Lisp forms to
+derive fields from other fields.
@menu
-* Formula syntax:: How to write a formula
-* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for all fields in a column
+* References:: How to refer to another field or range
+* Formula syntax for Calc:: Using Calc to compute stuff
+* Formula syntax for Lisp:: Writing formulas in Emacs Lisp
+* Field formulas:: Formulas valid for a single field
+* Column formulas:: Formulas valid for an entire column
+* Editing and debugging formulas:: Fixing formulas
+* Updating the table:: Recomputing all dependent fields
* Advanced features:: Field names, parameters and automatic recalc
-* Named-field formulas:: Formulas valid in single fields
-* Editing/debugging formulas:: Changing a stored formula
-* Appetizer:: Taste the power of calc
@end menu
-@node Formula syntax, Column formulas, Table calculations, Table calculations
-@subsection Formula syntax
-@cindex formula syntax
-@cindex syntax, of formulas
+@node References, Formula syntax for Calc, The spreadsheet, The spreadsheet
+@subsection References
+@cindex references
-A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs
-@file{calc} package. Note that @file{calc} has the slightly
-non-standard conversion that @samp{/} has lower precedence than
-@samp{*}, so that @samp{a/b*c} is interpreted as @samp{a/(b*c)}. Before
-evaluation by @code{calc-eval} (@pxref{Calling Calc from Your Lisp
-Programs,calc-eval,Calling calc from Your Lisp Programs,calc,GNU Emacs
-Calc Manual}), variable substitution takes place:
+To compute fields in the table from other fields, formulas must
+reference other fields or ranges. In Org-mode, fields can be referenced
+by name, by absolute coordinates, and by relative coordinates. To find
+out what the coordinates of a field are, press @kbd{C-c ?} in that
+field.
+@subsubheading Field references
+@cindex field references
+@cindex references, to fields
+
+Formulas can reference the value of another field with the operator
@example
- $ @r{refers to the current field}
- $3 @r{refers to the field in column 3 of the current row}
- $3..$7 @r{a vector of the fields in columns 3-7 of current row}
- $P1..$P3 @r{vector of column range, using column names}
- &2 @r{second data field above the current, in same column}
- &5-2 @r{vector from fifth to second field above current}
- &III-II @r{vector of fields between 2nd and 3rd hline above}
- &III @r{vector of fields between third hline above and current field}
- $name @r{a named field, parameter or constant}
+@@row$column
@end example
-@cindex vectors, in table calculations
-The range vectors can be directly fed into the calc vector functions
-like @samp{vmean} and @samp{vsum}.
+Column references can be absolute like @samp{1}, @samp{2},...@samp{N},
+or relative to the current column like @samp{+1} or @samp{-2}.
+
+The row specification only counts data lines and ignores horizontal
+separator lines (hlines). You can use absolute row numbers
+@samp{1}...@samp{N}, and row numbers relative to the current row like
+@samp{+3} or @samp{-1}. Or specify the row relative to one of the
+hlines: @samp{I} refers to the first hline, @samp{II} to the second etc.
+@samp{-I} refers to the first such line above the current line,
+@samp{+I} to the first such line below the current line. You can also
+write @samp{III+2} which is the second data line after the third hline
+in the table. Relative row numbers like @samp{-3} will not cross hlines
+if the current line is too close to the hline. Instead, the value
+directly at the hline is used.
+
+@samp{0} refers to the current row and column. Also, if you omit
+either the column or the row part of the reference, the current
+row/column is implied.
+
+Org-mode's references with @emph{positive} numbers correspond to fixed
+references in other spreadsheet programs. For example, @code{@@3$28}
+corresponds to @code{$AB$3}. Org-mode's references with @emph{negative}
+numbers behave similar to non-fixed references in other spreadsheet
+programs, because when the same formula is used in several fields,
+different fields are referenced each time.
+
+Here are a few examples:
+
+@example
+@@2$3 @r{2nd row, 3rd column}
+$5 @r{column 5 in the current row}
+@@2 @r{current column, row 2}
+@@-1$-3 @r{the field one row up, three columns to the left}
+@@-I$2 @r{field just under hline above current row, column 2}
+@end example
+
+@subsubheading Range references
+@cindex range references
+@cindex references, to ranges
+
+You may reference a rectangular range of fields by specifying two field
+references connected by two dots @samp{..}. If both fields are in the
+current row, you may simply use @samp{$2..$7}, but if at least one field
+is in a different row, you need to use the general @code{@@row$column}
+format at least for the first field (i.e the reference must start with
+@samp{@@} in order to be interpreted correctly). Examples:
+
+@example
+$1..$3 @r{First three fields in the current row.}
+$P..$Q @r{Range, using column names (see under Advanced)}
+@@2$1..@@4$3 @r{6 fields between these two fields.}
+@@-1$-2..@@-1 @r{3 numbers from the column to the left, 2 up to current row}
+@end example
+@noindent Range references return a vector of values that can be fed
+into Calc vector functions. Empty fields in ranges are normally
+suppressed, so that the vector contains only the non-empty fields (but
+see the @samp{E} mode switch below). If there are no non-empty fields,
+@samp{[0]} is returned to avoid syntax errors in formulas.
+
+@subsubheading Named references
+@cindex named references
+@cindex references, named
@cindex name, of column or field
@cindex constants, in calculations
+
@samp{$name} is interpreted as the name of a column, parameter or
constant. Constants are defined globally through the variable
@code{org-table-formula-constants}. If you have the
@file{constants.el} package, it will also be used to resolve
constants, including natural constants like @samp{$h} for Planck's
-constant, units like @samp{$km} for kilometers. Column names and
+constant, and units like @samp{$km} for kilometers. Column names and
parameters can be specified in special table lines. These are
described below, see @ref{Advanced features}.
+@node Formula syntax for Calc, Formula syntax for Lisp, References, The spreadsheet
+@subsection Formula syntax for Calc
+@cindex formula syntax, Calc
+@cindex syntax, of formulas
+
+A formula can be any algebraic expression understood by the Emacs
+@file{Calc} package. Note that @file{calc} has the slightly
+non-standard convention that @samp{/} has lower precedence than
+@samp{*}, so that @samp{a/b*c} is interpreted as @samp{a/(b*c)}. Before
+evaluation by @code{calc-eval} (@pxref{Calling Calc from
+Your Programs,calc-eval,Calling calc from Your Lisp Programs,calc,GNU
+Emacs Calc Manual}),
+variable substitution takes place according to the rules described above.
+@cindex vectors, in table calculations
+The range vectors can be directly fed into the calc vector functions
+like @samp{vmean} and @samp{vsum}.
+
@cindex format specifier
@cindex mode, for @file{calc}
A formula can contain an optional mode string after a semicolon. This
-string consists of flags to influence calc's modes@footnote{By
-default, Org-mode uses the standard calc modes (precision 12, angular
-units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off). However, the display
-format has been changed to @code{(float 5)} to keep tables compact.
-The default settings can be configured using the variable
-@code{org-calc-default-modes}.} during execution, e.g. @samp{p20} to
-switch the internal precision to 20 digits, @samp{n3}, @samp{s3},
-@samp{e2} or @samp{f4} to switch to normal, scientific, engineering,
-or fix display format, respectively, and @samp{D}, @samp{R}, @samp{F},
-and @samp{S} to turn on degrees, radians, fraction and symbolic modes,
-respectively. In addition, you may provide a @code{printf} format
-specifier to reformat the final result. A few examples:
-@example
- $1+$2 @r{Sum of first and second field}
- $1+$2;%.2f @r{Same, format result to two decimals}
- exp($2)+exp($1) @r{Math functions can be used}
- $;%.1f @r{Reformat current cell to 1 decimal}
- ($3-32)*5/9 @r{Degrees F -> C conversion}
- $c/$1/$cm @r{Hz -> cm conversion, using @file{constants.el}}
- tan($1);Dp3s1 @r{Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1}
- sin($1);Dp3%.1e @r{Same, but use printf specifier for display}
- vmean($2..$7) @r{Compute column range mean, using vector function}
- vsum(&III) @r{Sum numbers from 3rd hline above to here}
- taylor($3,x=7,2) @r{taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree}
-@end example
-
-@node Column formulas, Advanced features, Formula syntax, Table calculations
-@subsection Column formulas
-@cindex column formula
-@cindex formula, for table column
-
-To apply a formula to a field, type it directly into the field,
-preceded by an equal sign, like @samp{=$1+$2}. When you press
-@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the
-field, the formula will be stored as the formula for the current
-column, evaluated and the current field replaced with the result. If
-the field contains only @samp{=}, the previously stored formula for
-this column is used.
-
-For each column, Org-mode will remember the most recently used
-formula. The information is stored in a special line starting with
-@samp{#+TBLFM} directly below the table. When adding/deleting/moving
-columns with the appropriate commands, the stored equations will be
-modified accordingly. When a column used in a calculation is removed,
-references to this column become invalid and will cause an error upon
-applying the equation.
+string consists of flags to influence Calc and other modes during
+execution. By default, Org-mode uses the standard calc modes (precision
+12, angular units degrees, fraction and symbolic modes off. The display
+format, however, has been changed to @code{(float 5)} to keep tables
+compact. The default settings can be configured using the variable
+@code{org-calc-default-modes}.
-Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
-command @kbd{C-c =}. It prompts for a formula (with default taken
-from the @samp{#+TBLFM:} line) and applies it to the current field. A
-numerical prefix (e.g. @kbd{C-5 C-c =}) will apply it to that many
-subsequent fields in the current column.
+@example
+p20 @r{switch the internal precision to 20 digits}
+n3 s3 e2 f4 @r{normal, scientific, engineering, or fixed display format}
+D R @r{angle modes: degrees, radians}
+F S @r{fraction and symbolic modes}
+N @r{interpret all fields as numbers, use 0 for non-numbers}
+T @r{force text interpretation}
+E @r{keep empty fields in ranges}
+@end example
-@cindex recomputing table fields
-To recompute all the fields in a line, use the command @kbd{C-c *}.
-It re-applies all stored equations to the current row, from left to
-right. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix, this will be done to every line in
-the table, so use this command it you want to make sure the entire
-table is up-to-date. @kbd{C-u C-c C-c} is another way to update the
-entire table. Global updating does not touch the line(s) above the
-first horizontal separator line, assuming that this is the table
-header.
-
-@node Advanced features, Named-field formulas, Column formulas, Table calculations
-@subsection Advanced features
+@noindent
+In addition, you may provide a @code{printf} format specifier to
+reformat the final result. A few examples:
-If you want want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically,
-or if you want to be able to assign a formula to an individual field
-(instead of an entire column) you need to reserve the first column of
-the table for special marking characters. Here is an example of a
-table that collects exam results of students and makes use of these
-features:
@example
-@group
+$1+$2 @r{Sum of first and second field}
+$1+$2;%.2f @r{Same, format result to two decimals}
+exp($2)+exp($1) @r{Math functions can be used}
+$;%.1f @r{Reformat current cell to 1 decimal}
+($3-32)*5/9 @r{Degrees F -> C conversion}
+$c/$1/$cm @r{Hz -> cm conversion, using @file{constants.el}}
+tan($1);Dp3s1 @r{Compute in degrees, precision 3, display SCI 1}
+sin($1);Dp3%.1e @r{Same, but use printf specifier for display}
+vmean($2..$7) @r{Compute column range mean, using vector function}
+vmean($2..$7);EN @r{Same, but treat empty fields as 0}
+taylor($3,x=7,2) @r{taylor series of $3, at x=7, second degree}
+@end example
+
+@node Formula syntax for Lisp, Field formulas, Formula syntax for Calc, The spreadsheet
+@subsection Emacs Lisp forms as formulas
+@cindex Lisp forms, as table formulas
+
+It is also possible to write a formula in Emacs Lisp; this can be useful
+for string manipulation and control structures. If a formula starts
+with a single quote followed by an opening parenthesis, then it is
+evaluated as a lisp form. The evaluation should return either a string
+or a number. Just as with @file{calc} formulas, you can specify modes
+and a printf format after a semicolon. A reference will be replaced
+with a string (in double quotes) containing the field. If you provide
+the @samp{N} mode switch, all referenced elements will be numbers.
+Ranges are inserted as space-separated fields, so you can embed them in
+list or vector syntax. A few examples, note how the @samp{N} mode is
+used when we do computations in lisp.
+
+@example
+@r{Swap the first two characters of the content of column 1}
+ '(concat (substring $1 1 2) (substring $1 0 1) (substring $1 2))
+@r{Add columns 1 and 2, equivalent to the Calc's @code{$1+$2}}
+ '(+ $1 $2);N
+@r{Compute the sum of columns 1-4, like Calc's @code{vsum($1..$4)}}
+ '(apply '+ '($1..$4));N
+@end example
+
+@node Field formulas, Column formulas, Formula syntax for Lisp, The spreadsheet
+@subsection Field formulas
+@cindex field formula
+@cindex formula, for individual table field
+
+To assign a formula to a particular field, type it directly into the
+field, preceded by @samp{:=}, for example @samp{:=$1+$2}. When you
+press @key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in
+the field, the formula will be stored as the formula for this field,
+evaluated, and the current field replaced with the result.
+
+Formulas are stored in a special line starting with @samp{#+TBLFM:}
+directly below the table. If you typed the equation in the 4th field of
+the 3rd data line in the table, the formula will look like
+@samp{@@3$2=$1+$2}. When inserting/deleting/swapping column and rows
+with the appropriate commands, @i{absolute references} (but not relative
+ones) in stored formulas are modified in order to
+still reference the same field. Of cause this is not true if you edit
+the table structure with normal editing commands - then you must go and
+fix equations yourself.
+
+Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
+following command
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-u C-c =
+@item C-u C-c =
+Install a new formula for the current field. The command prompts for a
+formula, with default taken from the @samp{#+TBLFM:} line, applies
+it to the current field and stores it.
+@end table
+
+@node Column formulas, Editing and debugging formulas, Field formulas, The spreadsheet
+@subsection Column formulas
+@cindex column formula
+@cindex formula, for table column
+
+Often in a table, the same formula should be used for all fields in a
+particular column. Instead of having to copy the formula to all fields
+in that column, org-mode allows to assign a single formula to an entire
+column.
+
+To assign a formula to a column, type it directly into any field in the
+column, preceded by an equal sign, like @samp{=$1+$2}. When you press
+@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the
+field, the formula will be stored as the formula for the current column,
+evaluated and the current field replaced with the result. If the field
+contains only @samp{=}, the previously stored formula for this column is
+used. For each column, Org-mode will only remember the most recently
+used formula. In the @samp{TBLFM:} line, column formulas will look like
+@samp{$4=$1+$2}.
+
+Instead of typing an equation into the field, you may also use the
+following command:
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c =
+@item C-c =
+Install a new formula for the current column and replace current field
+with the result of the formula. The command prompts for a formula, with
+default taken from the @samp{#+TBLFM} line, applies it to the current
+field and stores it. With a numerical prefix (e.g. @kbd{C-5 C-c =})
+will apply it to that many consecutive fields in the current column.
+@end table
+
+
+@node Editing and debugging formulas, Updating the table, Column formulas, The spreadsheet
+@subsection Editing and Debugging formulas
+@cindex formula editing
+@cindex editing, of table formulas
+
+You can edit individual formulas in the minibuffer or directly in the
+field. Org-mode can also prepare a special buffer with all active
+formulas of a table.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c =
+@kindex C-u C-c =
+@item C-c =
+@itemx C-u C-c =
+Edit the formula associated with the current column/field in the
+minibuffer. See @ref{Column formulas} and @ref{Field formulas}.
+@kindex C-u C-u C-c =
+@item C-u C-u C-c =
+Re-insert the active formula (either a
+field formula, or a column formula) into the current field, so that you
+can edit it directly in the field. The advantage over editing in the
+minibuffer is that you can use the command @kbd{C-c ?}.
+@kindex C-c ?
+@item C-c ?
+While editing a formula in a table field, highlight the field(s)
+referenced by the reference at the cursor position in the formula.
+@kindex C-c '
+@item C-c '
+Edit all formulas for the current table in a special buffer, where the
+formulas will be displayed one per line.
+While inside the special buffer, Org-mode will automatically highlight
+any field or range reference at the cursor position. You may edit,
+remove and add formulas, and use the following commands:
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@item C-c C-c
+Exit the buffer and store the modified formulas. With @kbd{C-u} prefix,
+also apply the new formulas to the entire table.
+@kindex C-c C-q
+@item C-c C-q
+Exit the buffer without installing changes.
+@kindex @key{TAB}
+@item @key{TAB}
+Pretty-print or indent lisp formula at point. When in a line containing
+a lisp formula, format the formula according to Emacs Lisp rules.
+Another @key{TAB} collapses the formula back again. In the open
+formula, @key{TAB} re-indents just like in Emacs-lisp-mode.
+@kindex M-@key{TAB}
+@item M-@key{TAB}
+Complete Lisp symbols, just like in Emacs-lisp-mode.
+@kindex S-@key{up}
+@kindex S-@key{down}
+@item S-@key{up}/@key{down}
+Move the reference line in the Org-mode buffer up and down. This is
+important for highlighting the references of column formulas for
+different rows.
+@kindex M-@key{up}
+@kindex M-@key{down}
+@item M-@key{up}/@key{down}
+Scroll the window displaying the table.
+@end table
+@kindex C-c @}
+@item C-c @}
+Toggle the display of row and column numbers for a table, using
+overlays. These are uptated each time the table is aligned, you can
+force it with @kbd{C-c C-c}.
+@kindex C-c @{
+@item C-c @{
+Toggle the formula debugger on and off. See below.
+@end table
+
+Making a table field blank does not remove the formula associated with
+the field, because that is stored in a different line (the @samp{TBLFM}
+line) - during the next recalculation the field will be filled again.
+To remove a formula from a field, you have to give an empty reply when
+prompted for the formula, or to edit the @samp{#+TBLFM} line.
+
+@kindex C-c C-c
+You may edit the @samp{#+TBLFM} directly and re-apply the changed
+equations with @kbd{C-c C-c} in that line, or with the normal
+recalculation commands in the table.
+
+@subsubheading Debugging formulas
+@cindex formula debugging
+@cindex debugging, of table formulas
+When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content
+becomes the string @samp{#ERROR}. If you would like see what is going
+on during variable substitution and calculation in order to find a bug,
+turn on formula debugging in the @code{Tbl} menu and repeat the
+calculation, for example by pressing @kbd{C-c = @key{RET}} in a field.
+Detailed information will be displayed.
+
+@node Updating the table, Advanced features, Editing and debugging formulas, The spreadsheet
+@subsection Updating the Table
+@cindex recomputing table fields
+@cindex updating, table
+
+Recalculation of a table is normally not automatic, but needs to be
+triggered by a command. See @ref{Advanced features} for a way to make
+recalculation at least semi-automatically.
+
+In order to recalculate a line of a table or the entire table, use the
+following commands:
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c *
+@item C-c *
+Recalculate the current row by first applying the stored column formulas
+from left to right, and all field formulas in the current row.
+
+@kindex C-u C-c *
+@item C-u C-c *
+@kindex C-u C-c C-c
+@itemx C-u C-c C-c
+Recompute the entire table, line by line. Any lines before the first
+hline are left alone, assuming that these are part of the table header.
+
+@kindex C-u C-u C-c *
+@item C-u C-u C-c *
+Iterate the table by recomputing it until no further changes occur.
+This may be necessary if some computed fields use the value of other
+fields that are computed @i{later} in the calculation sequence.
+@end table
+
+
+@node Advanced features, , Updating the table, The spreadsheet
+@subsection Advanced features
+
+If you want the recalculation of fields to happen automatically, or if
+you want to be able to assign @i{names} to fields and columns, you need
+to reserve the first column of the table for special marking characters.
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-#
+@item C-#
+Rotate the calculation mark in first column through the states @samp{},
+@samp{#}, @samp{*}, @samp{!}, @samp{$}. The meaning of these characters
+is discussed below. When there is an active region, change all marks in
+the region.
+@end table
+
+Here is an example of a table that collects exam results of students and
+makes use of these features:
+
+@example
+@group
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| | Student | Prob 1 | Prob 2 | Prob 3 | Total | Note |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
| ^ | | | | | at | |
| $ | max=50 | | | | | |
|---+---------+--------+--------+--------+-------+------|
-#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(&II);%.1f
+#+TBLFM: $6=vsum($P1..$P3)::$7=10*$Tot/$max;%.1f::$at=vmean(@@-II..@@-I);%.1f
@end group
@end example
@noindent @b{Important}: Please note that for these special tables,
-recalculating the table with @kbd{C-u C-c *} does only affect rows
-which are marked @samp{#} or @samp{*}, and named fields. The column
-formulas are not applied in rows with empty first field.
+recalculating the table with @kbd{C-u C-c *} will only affect rows that
+are marked @samp{#} or @samp{*}, and fields that have a formula assigned
+to the field itself. The column formulas are not applied in rows with
+empty first field.
@cindex marking characters, tables
The marking characters have the following meaning:
@item ^
This row defines names for the fields @emph{above} the row. With such
a definition, any formula in the table may use @samp{$m1} to refer to
-the value @samp{10}. Also, named fields can have their own formula
-associated with them.
+the value @samp{10}. Also, if you assign a formula to a names field, it
+will be stored as @samp{$name=...}.
@item _
Similar to @samp{^}, but defines names for the fields in the row
-@emph{below}.
+@emph{below}.
@item $
Fields in this row can define @emph{parameters} for formulas. For
example, if a field in a @samp{$} row contains @samp{max=50}, then
formulas in this table can refer to the value 50 using @samp{$max}.
Parameters work exactly like constants, only that they can be defined on
-a per-table basis. Changing a parameter and then recalculating the
-table can be useful.
+a per-table basis.
@item #
Fields in this row are automatically recalculated when pressing
@key{TAB} or @key{RET} or @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} in this row. Also, this row
Selects this line for global recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}, but
not for automatic recalculation. Use this when automatic
recalculation slows down editing too much.
-@item
-Unmarked lines are exempted from recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}.
+@item
+Unmarked lines are exempt from recalculation with @kbd{C-u C-c *}.
All lines that should be recalculated should be marked with @samp{#}
or @samp{*}.
+@item /
+Do not export this line. Useful for lines that contain the narrowing
+@samp{<N>} markers.
@end table
-@node Named-field formulas, Editing/debugging formulas, Advanced features, Table calculations
-@subsection Named-field formulas
-@cindex named field formula
-@cindex formula, for named table field
-
-A named field can have its own formula associated with it. In the
-example above, this is used for the @samp{at} field that contains
-the average result of the students. To enter a formula for a named
-field, just type it onto the buffer, preceded by @samp{:=}. Or use
-@kbd{C-u C-c =}. This equation will be stored below the table like
-@samp{$name=...}. Any recalculation in the table (even if only
-requested for the current line) will also update all named field
-formulas.
-
-@node Editing/debugging formulas, Appetizer, Named-field formulas, Table calculations
-@subsection Editing and debugging formulas
-@cindex formula editing
-@cindex editing, of table formulas
-
-To edit a column or field formula, you can use the commands @kbd{C-c
-=} and @kbd{C-u C-c =}, respectively. The currently active expression
-is then presented as default in the minibuffer, were it may be edited.
-
-Note that making a table field blank does not remove the formula
-associated with the field - during the next recalculation the field
-will be filled again. To remove a formula from a field, you have to
-give an empty reply when prompted for the formula, or to edit the
-@samp{#+TBLFM} line.
-
-@kindex C-c C-c
-You may edit the @samp{#+TBLFM} directly and re-apply
-the changed equations with @kbd{C-c C-c} in that line, or with the
-normal recalculation commands in the table.
-
-@kindex C-c '
-@kindex C-c C-c
-@kindex C-c C-q
-@kindex C-c ?
-In particular for large tables with many formulas, it is convenient to
-use the command @kbd{C-c '} to edit the formulas of the current table
-in a separate buffer. That buffer will show the formulas one per
-line, and you are free to edit, add and remove formulas. Press
-@kbd{C-c ?} on a @samp{$...} expression to get information about its
-interpretation. Exiting the buffer with @kbd{C-c C-c} only stores the
-modified formulas below the table. Exiting with @kbd{C-u C-c C-c}
-also applies them to the entire table. @kbd{C-c C-q} exits without
-installing the changes.
-
-When the evaluation of a formula leads to an error, the field content
-becomes the string @samp{#ERROR}. If you would like see what is going
-on during variable substitution and calculation in order to find a
-bug, turn on formula debugging in the menu and repeat the calculation
-by pressing, for example by pressing @kbd{C-c = @key{RET}} in a field.
-Detailed information will be displayed.
-
-@node Appetizer, , Editing/debugging formulas, Table calculations
-@subsection Appetizer
-
-Finally, just to wet your appetite on what can be done with the fantastic
-@file{calc} package, here is a table that computes the Taylor series
-for a couple of functions (homework: try that with Excel :-)
+Finally, just to whet your appetite on what can be done with the
+fantastic @file{calc} package, here is a table that computes the Taylor
+series of degree @code{n} at location @code{x} for a couple of functions
+(homework: try that with Excel :-)
@example
@group
@end group
@end example
-@node orgtbl-mode, table.el, Table calculations, Tables
-@section The Orgtbl minor mode
-@cindex orgtbl-mode
-@cindex minor mode for tables
-
-If you like the intuitive way the Org-mode table editor works, you
-might want to use it also in other modes like text-mode or mail-mode.
-The minor mode Orgtbl-mode makes this possible. You can always toggle
-the mode with @kbd{M-x orgtbl-mode}. To turn it on by default, for
-example in mail mode, use
-@lisp
-(add-hook 'mail-mode-hook 'turn-on-orgtbl)
-@end lisp
-
-@node table.el, , orgtbl-mode, Tables
-@section The @file{table.el} package
-@kindex C-c C-c
-@cindex table editor, @file{table.el}
-@cindex @file{table.el}
-
-Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and
-row-spanning, and alignment can be created using the Emacs table
-package by Takaaki Ota (@uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/table},
-and also part of Emacs 22).
-When @key{TAB} or @kbd{C-c C-c} is pressed in such a table, Org-mode
-will call @command{table-recognize-table} and move the cursor into the
-table. Inside a table, the keymap of Org-mode is inactive. In order
-to execute Org-mode-related commands, leave the table.
-
-@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-c
-@item C-c C-c
-Recognize @file{table.el} table. Works when the cursor is in a
-table.el table.
-
-@kindex C-c ~
-@item C-c ~
-Insert a table.el table. If there is already a table at point, this
-command converts it between the table.el format and the Org-mode
-format. See the documentation string of the command
-@code{org-convert-table} for the restrictions under which this is
-possible.
-@end table
-
@node Hyperlinks, TODO items, Tables, Top
@chapter Hyperlinks
@cindex hyperlinks
-Just like HMTL, Org-mode provides links inside a file, and external
-links to other files, Usenet articles, emails and much more.
+Just like HTML, Org-mode provides links inside a file, and external
+links to other files, Usenet articles, emails, and much more.
@menu
-* Internal Links:: Links to other places in the current file
-* External Links:: URL-like links to the world
-* Managing links:: Creating, inserting and following
-* Search Options:: Linking to a specific location
+* Link format:: How links in Org-mode are formatted
+* Internal links:: Links to other places in the current file
+* External links:: URL-like links to the world
+* Handling links:: Creating, inserting and following
+* Link abbreviations:: Shortcuts for writing complex links
+* Search options:: Linking to a specific location
+* Custom searches:: When the default search is not enough
* Remember:: Org-trees store quick notes
@end menu
-@node Internal Links, External Links, Hyperlinks, Hyperlinks
-@section Internal Links
+@node Link format, Internal links, Hyperlinks, Hyperlinks
+@section Link format
+@cindex link format
+@cindex format, of links
+
+Org-mode will recognize plain URL-like links and activate them as
+clickable links. The general link format, however, looks like this:
+
+@example
+[[link][description]] @r{or alternatively} [[link]]
+@end example
+
+Once a link in the buffer is complete (all brackets present), Org-mode
+will change the display so that @samp{description} is displayed instead
+of @samp{[[link][description]]} and @samp{link} is displayed instead of
+@samp{[[link]]}. Links will be highlighted in the face @code{org-link},
+which by default is an underlined face. You can directly edit the
+visible part of a link. Note that this can be either the @samp{link}
+part (if there is no description) or the @samp{description} part. To
+edit also the invisible @samp{link} part, use @kbd{C-c C-l} with the
+cursor on the link.
+
+If you place the cursor at the beginning or just behind the end of the
+displayed text and press @key{BACKSPACE}, you will remove the
+(invisible) bracket at that location. This makes the link incomplete
+and the internals are again displayed as plain text. Inserting the
+missing bracket hides the link internals again. To show the
+internal structure of all links, use the menu entry
+@code{Org->Hyperlinks->Literal links}.
+
+@node Internal links, External links, Link format, Hyperlinks
+@section Internal links
@cindex internal links
@cindex links, internal
-@cindex CamelCase links
+@cindex targets, for links
+
+If the link does not look like a URL, it is considered to be internal in
+the current file. Links such as @samp{[[My Target]]} or @samp{[[My
+Target][Find my target]]} lead to a text search in the current file.
+The link can be followed with @kbd{C-c C-o} when the cursor is on the
+link, or with a mouse click (@pxref{Handling links}). The preferred
+match for such a link is a dedicated target: the same string in double
+angular brackets. Targets may be located anywhere; sometimes it is
+convenient to put them into a comment line. For example
-Strings inside double brackets like @samp{[[My Target]]} are links
-that lead to a text search in the current file. The link can be
-followed with @kbd{C-c C-o} or with a mouse click (@pxref{Managing
-links}). The preferred match for such a link is a dedicated target:
-The same string in double angular brackets. Targets may be located
-anywhere, often it is convenient to put them into a comment line, for
-example
@example
# <<My Target>>
@end example
-If no dedicated target exists, Org-mode will search for the words in
-the link, in the above example for @samp{my target}. Links starting
-with a star like @samp{*My Target} restrict the search to headlines.
-When searching, Org-mode will first try an exact match, but then move
-on to more and more lenient searches. For example, the link
-@samp{[[*My Targets]]} will find any of the following
+@noindent In HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), such targets will become
+named anchors for direct access through @samp{http} links@footnote{Note
+that text before the first headline will never be exported, so the first
+such target must be after the first headline.}.
+
+If no dedicated target exists, Org-mode will search for the words in the
+link. In the above example the search would be for @samp{my target}.
+Links starting with a star like @samp{*My Target} restrict the search to
+headlines. When searching, Org-mode will first try an exact match, but
+then move on to more and more lenient searches. For example, the link
+@samp{[[*My Targets]]} will find any of the following:
+
@example
** My targets
** TODO my targets are bright
** my 20 targets are
@end example
-It is therefore often not necessary to set a dedicated target. To
-insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion can be used.
-Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into the buffer
-and press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. All headlines in the current buffer will
-be offered as completions. @xref{Managing links}, for more commands
+
+To insert a link targeting a headline, in-buffer completion can be used.
+Just type a star followed by a few optional letters into the buffer and
+press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}}. All headlines in the current buffer will be
+offered as completions. @xref{Handling links}, for more commands
creating links.
Following a link pushes a mark onto Org-mode's own mark ring. You can
@menu
* Radio targets:: Make targets trigger links in plain text.
-* CamelCase links:: Activating CamelCase words as links
@end menu
-@node Radio targets, CamelCase links, Internal Links, Internal Links
+@node Radio targets, , Internal links, Internal links
@subsection Radio targets
+@cindex radio targets
+@cindex targets, radio
+@cindex links, radio targets
You can configure Org-mode to link any occurrences of certain target
names in normal text. So without explicitly creating a link, the text
loaded into Emacs. To update the target list during editing, press
@kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor on or at a target.
-@node CamelCase links, , Radio targets, Internal Links
-@subsection CamelCase words as links
-@cindex completion, of CamelCase links
-@cindex CamelCase links, completion of
-
-As an alternative to @samp{[[...]]} links, Org-mode also supports
-CamelCase words as links. This feature is not turned on by default
-because of the occasional inconsistencies this system suffers from.
-To activate CamelCase words as links, and to make headline completion
-offer CamelCase version of headlines, the following customization is
-needed:
-@lisp
-(setq org-activate-camels t
- org-file-link-context-use-camel-case t)
-@end lisp
-
-@node External Links, Managing links, Internal Links, Hyperlinks
-@section External Links
+@node External links, Handling links, Internal links, Hyperlinks
+@section External links
@cindex links, external
@cindex external links
@cindex links, external
@cindex MH-E links
@cindex USENET links
@cindex SHELL links
+@cindex Info links
+@cindex elisp links
+
+Org-mode supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages,
+and BBDB database entries. External links are URL-like locators. They
+start with a short identifying string followed by a colon. There can be
+no space after the colon. The following list shows examples for each
+link type.
+
+@example
+http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik @r{on the web}
+file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg @r{file, absolute path}
+file:papers/last.pdf @r{file, relative path}
+news:comp.emacs @r{Usenet link}
+mailto:adent@@galaxy.net @r{Mail link}
+vm:folder @r{VM folder link}
+vm:folder#id @r{VM message link}
+vm://myself@@some.where.org/folder#id @r{VM on remote machine}
+wl:folder @r{WANDERLUST folder link}
+wl:folder#id @r{WANDERLUST message link}
+mhe:folder @r{MH-E folder link}
+mhe:folder#id @r{MH-E message link}
+rmail:folder @r{RMAIL folder link}
+rmail:folder#id @r{RMAIL message link}
+gnus:group @r{GNUS group link}
+gnus:group#id @r{GNUS article link}
+bbdb:Richard Stallman @r{BBDB link}
+shell:ls *.org @r{A shell command}
+elisp:(find-file-other-frame "Elisp.org") @r{An elisp form to evaluate}
+@end example
+
+A link should be enclosed in double brackets and may contain a
+descriptive text to be displayed instead of the url (@pxref{Link
+format}), for example:
-Org-mode supports links to files, websites, Usenet and email messages;
-and BBDB database entries. Links are just plain-text URL-like
-locators, optionally enclosed by angular brackets. The following list
-shows examples for each link type.
-
-@example
-<http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik> @r{on the web}
-<file:/home/dominik/images/jupiter.jpg> @r{file, absolute path}
-<file:papers/last.pdf> @r{file, relative path}
-<news:comp.emacs> @r{Usenet link}
-<mailto:adent@@galaxy.net> @r{Mail link}
-<vm:folder> @r{VM folder link}
-<vm:folder#id> @r{VM message link}
-<vm://myself@@some.where.org/folder#id> @r{VM on remote machine}
-<wl:folder> @r{WANDERLUST folder link}
-<wl:folder#id> @r{WANDERLUST message link}
-<mhe:folder> @r{MH-E folder link}
-<mhe:folder#id> @r{MH-E message link}
-<rmail:folder> @r{RMAIL folder link}
-<rmail:folder#id> @r{RMAIL message link}
-<gnus:group> @r{GNUS group link}
-<gnus:group#id> @r{GNUS article link}
-<bbdb:Richard Stallman> @r{BBDB link}
-<shell:ls *.org>@footnote{Note that @samp{<} and @samp{>} cannot be part of a link, and therefore of a shell command. If you need redirection, use @@@{ and @@@} instead.} @r{A shell command}
-@end example
-
-A link may contain space characters and is terminated by @samp{>} or by
-the end of a line. In tables, the end of a table field also terminates
-a link. Angle brackets around a link are not required, but are
-recommended to avoid problems with punctuation and other text following
-the link. See also the variable @code{org-allow-space-in-links}.
-
-
-@node Managing links, Search Options, External Links, Hyperlinks
-@section Managing links
+@example
+[[http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/][GNU Emacs]]
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+If the description is a file name or URL that points to an image, HTML
+export (@pxref{HTML export}) will inline the image as a clickable
+button. If there is no description at all and the link points to an
+image,
+that image will be inlined into the exported HTML file.
+
+@cindex angular brackets, around links
+@cindex plain text external links
+Org-mode also finds external links in the normal text and activates them
+as links. If spaces must be part of the link (for example in
+@samp{bbdb:Richard Stallman}), or if you need to remove ambiguities
+about the end of the link, enclose them in angular brackets.
+
+@node Handling links, Link abbreviations, External links, Hyperlinks
+@section Handling links
+@cindex links, handling
Org-mode provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to
insert it into an org-mode file, and to follow the link.
Store a link to the current location. This is a @emph{global} command
which can be used in any buffer to create a link. The link will be
stored for later insertion into an Org-mode buffer (see below). For
-VM, RMAIL, WANDERLUST, GNUS and BBDB buffers, the link will point to
-the current article/entry. For W3 and W3M buffer, the link goes to
-the current URL. For Org-mode files, the current headline is
-targeted. For any other files, the link will point to the file, with
-a search string (@pxref{Search Options}) pointing to the
+Org-mode files, if there is a @samp{<<target>>} at the cursor, the link
+points to the target. Otherwise it points to the current headline. For
+VM, RMAIL, WANDERLUST, MH-E, GNUS and BBDB buffers, the link will
+indicate the current article/entry. For W3 and W3M buffers, the link
+goes to the current URL. For any other files, the link will point to
+the file, with a search string (@pxref{Search options}) pointing to the
contents of the current line. If there is an active region, the
-selected words will form the basis of the search string. The key
-binding @kbd{C-c l} is only a suggestion - see @ref{Installation and
-Activation}.
+selected words will form the basis of the search string. If the
+automatically created link is not working correctly or accurately
+enough, you can write custom functions to select the search string and
+to do the search for particular file types - see @ref{Custom searches}.
+The key binding @kbd{C-c l} is only a suggestion - see @ref{Installation}.
@kindex C-c C-l
@cindex link completion
-@cindex file name completion
@cindex completion, of links
-@cindex completion, of file names
@cindex inserting links
@item C-c C-l
-Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the
-buffer. You can just type a link, using one of the link type prefixes
-mentioned in the examples above. Through completion, all links stored
-during the current session can be accessed. When called with prefix
-arg, you can use file name completion to enter a file link. The link
-will be formatted as given in the variable @code{org-link-format} and
-inserted into the buffer. Note that you don't have to use this
-command to insert a link. Links in Org-mode are plain text, and you
-can type or paste them straight into the buffer.
+Insert a link. This prompts for a link to be inserted into the buffer.
+You can just type a link, using text for an internal link, or one of the
+link type prefixes mentioned in the examples above. All links stored
+during the current session are part of the history for this prompt, so
+you can access them with @key{up} and @key{down}, or with
+completion@footnote{After insertion of a stored link, the link will be
+removed from the list of stored links. To keep it in the list later
+use, use a triple @kbd{C-u} prefix to @kbd{C-c C-l}, or configure the
+option @code{org-keep-stored-link-after-insertion}.}. The link will be
+inserted into the buffer, along with a descriptive text. If some text
+was selected when this command is called, the selected text becomes the
+default description.@* Note that you don't have to use this command to
+insert a link. Links in Org-mode are plain text, and you can type or
+paste them straight into the buffer. By using this command, the links
+are automatically enclosed in double brackets, and you will be asked for
+the optional descriptive text.
+
+@c If the link is a @samp{file:} link and
+@c the linked file is located in the same directory as the current file or
+@c a subdirectory of it, the path of the file will be inserted relative to
+@c the current directory.
+
+@kindex C-u C-c C-l
+@cindex file name completion
+@cindex completion, of file names
+@item C-u C-c C-l
+When @kbd{C-c C-l} is called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix argument, a link to
+a file will be inserted and you may use file name completion to select
+the name of the file. The path to the file is inserted relative to the
+directory of the current org file, if the linked file is in the current
+directory or in a subdirectory of it, or if the path is written relative
+to the current directory using @samp{../}. Otherwise an absolute path
+is used, if possible with @samp{~/} for your home directory. You can
+force an absolute path with two @kbd{C-u} prefixes.
+
+@item C-c C-l @r{with cursor on existing link}
+When the cursor is on an existing link, @kbd{C-c C-l} allows you to edit the
+link and description parts of the link.
@cindex following links
@kindex C-c C-o
@item C-c C-o
Open link at point. This will launch a web browser for URLs (using
-@command{browse-url-at-point}), run vm/gnus/bbdb for the corresponding
-links, and execute the command in a shell link. When the cursor is on
-a CamelCase link, this commands runs the corresponding search. When
-the cursor is on a TAGS list in a headline, it creates the
-corresponding TAGS view. Furthermore, it will visit text files in
-@samp{file:} links with Emacs and select a suitable application for
-non-text files. Classification of files is based on file extension
-only. See option @code{org-file-apps}. If there is no link at point,
-the current subtree will be searched for one. If you want to override
-the default application and visit the file with Emacs, use a @kbd{C-u}
-prefix. If the cursor is on a time stamp, compiles the agenda for
-that date.
-
-@strong{IMPORTANT}: Be careful not to use any dangerous commands in a
-shell link.
+@command{browse-url-at-point}), run vm/mh-e/wanderlust/rmail/gnus/bbdb
+for the corresponding links, and execute the command in a shell link.
+When the cursor is on an internal link, this commands runs the
+corresponding search. When the cursor is on a TAG list in a headline,
+it creates the corresponding TAGS view. If the cursor is on a time
+stamp, it compiles the agenda for that date. Furthermore, it will visit
+text and remote files in @samp{file:} links with Emacs and select a
+suitable application for local non-text files. Classification of files
+is based on file extension only. See option @code{org-file-apps}. If
+you want to override the default application and visit the file with
+Emacs, use a @kbd{C-u} prefix.
@kindex mouse-2
@kindex mouse-1
@item mouse-2
@itemx mouse-1
-On links, @kbd{mouse-2} will open the link just like @kbd{C-c C-o}
+On links, @kbd{mouse-2} will open the link just as @kbd{C-c C-o}
would. Under Emacs 22, also @kbd{mouse-1} will follow a link.
@kindex mouse-3
@item mouse-3
-Like @kbd{mouse-2}, but force file links to be opened with Emacs.
+Like @kbd{mouse-2}, but force file links to be opened with Emacs, and
+internal links to be displayed in another window@footnote{See the
+variable @code{org-display-internal-link-with-indirect-buffer}}.
@cindex mark ring
@kindex C-c %
commands following internal links, and by @kbd{C-c %}. Using this
command several times in direct succession moves through a ring of
previously recorded positions.
+
+@kindex C-c C-x C-n
+@kindex C-c C-x C-p
+@cindex links, finding next/previous
+@item C-c C-x C-n
+@itemx C-c C-x C-p
+Move forward/backward to the next link in the buffer. At the limit of
+the buffer, the search fails once, and then wraps around. The key
+bindings for this are really too long, you might want to bind this also
+to @kbd{C-n} and @kbd{C-p}
+@lisp
+(add-hook 'org-load-hook
+ (lambda ()
+ (define-key 'org-mode-map "\C-n" 'org-next-link)
+ (define-key 'org-mode-map "\C-p" 'org-previous-link)))
+@end lisp
@end table
+@node Link abbreviations, Search options, Handling links, Hyperlinks
+@section Link abbreviations
+@cindex link abbreviations
+@cindex abbreviation, links
+
+Long URLs can be cumbersome to type, and often many similar links are
+needed in a document. For this you can use link abbreviations. An
+abbreviated link looks like this
+
+@example
+[[linkword:tag][description]]
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+where the tag is optional. Such abbreviations are resolved according to
+the information in the variable @code{org-link-abbrev-alist} that
+relates the linkwords to replacement text. Here is an example:
+
+@lisp
+@group
+(setq org-link-abbrev-alist
+ '(("bugzilla" . "http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=")
+ ("google" . "http://www.google.com/search?q=")
+ ("ads" . "http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/
+ nph-abs_connect?author=%s&db_key=AST")))
+@end group
+@end lisp
+
+If the replacement text contains the string @samp{%s}, it will be
+replaced with the tag. Otherwise the tag will be appended to the string
+in order to create the link. You may also specify a function that will
+be called with the tag as the only argument to create the link.
+
+With the above setting, you could link to a specific bug with
+@code{[[bugzilla:129]]}, search the web for @samp{OrgMode} with
+@code{[[google:OrgMode]]} and find out what the Org-mode author is
+doing besides Emacs hacking with @code{[[ads:Dominik,C]]}.
-@node Search Options, Remember, Managing links, Hyperlinks
+If you need special abbreviations just for a single Org-mode buffer, you
+can define them in the file with
+
+@example
+#+LINK: bugzilla http://10.1.2.9/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=
+#+LINK: google http://www.google.com/search?q=%s
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+In-buffer completion @pxref{Completion} can be used after @samp{[} to
+complete link abbreviations.
+
+@node Search options, Custom searches, Link abbreviations, Hyperlinks
@section Search options in file links
@cindex search option in file links
@cindex file links, searching
File links can contain additional information to make Emacs jump to a
particular location in the file when following a link. This can be a
line number or a search option after a double@footnote{For backward
-compatibility, line numbers can also follow a single colon.} colon.
-For example:
+compatibility, line numbers can also follow a single colon.} colon. For
+example, when the command @kbd{C-c l} creates a link (@pxref{Handling
+links}) to a file, it encodes the words in the current line as a search
+string that can be used to find this line back later when following the
+link with @kbd{C-c C-o}.
+
+Here is the syntax of the different ways to attach a search to a file
+link, together with an explanation:
+
@example
-<file:~/code/main.c::255>
-<file:~/xx.org::My Target>
-<file:~/xx.org::*My Target>
-<file:~/xx.org::/regexp/>
+[[file:~/code/main.c::255]]
+[[file:~/xx.org::My Target]]
+[[file:~/xx.org::*My Target]]
+[[file:~/xx.org::/regexp/]]
@end example
-@noindent Here is what these options do.
@table @code
@item 255
@item My Target
Search for a link target @samp{<<My Target>>}, or do a text search for
@samp{my target}, similar to the search in internal links, see
-@ref{Internal Links}.
+@ref{Internal links}. In HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), such a file
+link will become an HTML reference to the corresponding named anchor in
+the linked file.
@item *My Target
In an Org-mode file, restrict search to headlines.
@item /regexp/
@end table
As a degenerate case, a file link with an empty file name can be used
-to search the current file. For example, @code{<file:::find me>} does
-a search for @samp{find me} in the current file, just like
+to search the current file. For example, @code{[[file:::find me]]} does
+a search for @samp{find me} in the current file, just as
@samp{[[find me]]} would.
-@node Remember, , Search Options, Hyperlinks
+@node Custom searches, Remember, Search options, Hyperlinks
+@section Custom Searches
+@cindex custom search strings
+@cindex search strings, custom
+
+The default mechanism for creating search strings and for doing the
+actual search related to a file link may not work correctly in all
+cases. For example, BibTeX database files have many entries like
+@samp{year="1993"} which would not result in good search strings,
+because the only unique identification for a BibTeX entry is the
+citation key.
+
+If you come across such a problem, you can write custom functions to set
+the right search string for a particular file type, and to do the search
+for the string in the file. Using @code{add-hook}, these functions need
+to be added to the hook variables
+@code{org-create-file-search-functions} and
+@code{org-execute-file-search-functions}. See the docstring for these
+variables for more information. Org-mode actually uses this mechanism
+for Bib@TeX{} database files, and you can use the corresponding code as
+an implementation example. Search for @samp{BibTeX links} in the source
+file.
+
+
+@node Remember, , Custom searches, Hyperlinks
@section Remember
@cindex @file{remember.el}
Another way to create org entries with links to other files is through
-the @emph{Remember} package by John Wiegley. @emph{Remember} lets you
-store quick notes with little interruption of your work flow. See
+the @i{remember} package by John Wiegley. @i{Remember} lets you store
+quick notes with little interruption of your work flow. See
@uref{http://www.emacswiki.org/cgi-bin/wiki/RememberMode} for more
-information. The notes produced by @emph{Remember} can be stored in
-different ways, and Org-mode files are a good target. Org-mode allows
-to file away notes either to a default file, or directly to the
-correct location in your Org-mode outline tree. The following
-customization@footnote{The two autoload forms are only necessary if
-@file{org.el} is not part of the Emacs distribution or an XEmacs
-package.} will tell @emph{Remember} to use org files as target, and to
-create annotations compatible with Org-mode links.
-
-@example
-(autoload 'org-remember-annotation "org")
-(autoload 'org-remember-handler "org")
+information. The notes produced by @i{Remember} can be stored in
+different ways, and Org-mode files are a good target. Org-mode
+significantly expands the possibilities of @i{remember}: You may define
+templates for different note types, and to associate target files and
+headlines with specific templates. It also allows you to select the
+location where a note should be stored interactively, on the fly.
+
+@menu
+* Setting up remember:: Some code for .emacs to get things going
+* Remember templates:: Define the outline of different note types
+* Storing notes:: Directly get the note to where it belongs
+@end menu
+
+@node Setting up remember, Remember templates, Remember, Remember
+@subsection Setting up remember
+
+The following customization will tell @i{remember} to use org files as
+target, and to create annotations compatible with Org-mode links.
+
+@example
(setq org-directory "~/path/to/my/orgfiles/")
(setq org-default-notes-file "~/.notes")
(setq remember-annotation-functions '(org-remember-annotation))
(setq remember-handler-functions '(org-remember-handler))
+(add-hook 'remember-mode-hook 'org-remember-apply-template)
+@end example
+
+@node Remember templates, Storing notes, Setting up remember, Remember
+@subsection Remember templates
+@cindex templates, for remember
+
+In combination with Org-mode, you can use templates to generate
+different types of @i{remember} notes. For example, if you would like
+to use one template to create general TODO entries, another one for
+journal entries, and a third one for collecting random ideas, you could
+use:
+
+@example
+(setq org-remember-templates
+ '((?t "* TODO %?\n %i\n %a" "~/org/TODO.org")
+ (?j "* %U %?\n\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org")
+ (?i "* %^@{Title@}\n %i\n %a" "~/org/JOURNAL.org" "New Ideas")))
+@end example
+
+@noindent In these entries, the character specifies how to select the
+template. The first string specifies the template. Two more (optional)
+strings give the file in which, and the headline under which the new
+note should be stored. The file defaults to
+@code{org-default-notes-file}, the heading to
+@code{org-remember-default-headline}. Both defaults help to get to the
+storing location quickly, but you can change the location interactively
+while storing the note.
+
+When you call @kbd{M-x remember} (or @kbd{M-x org-remember}) to remember
+something, org will prompt for a key to select the template (if you have
+more than one template) and then prepare the buffer like
+@example
+* TODO
+ [[file:link to where you called remember]]
+@end example
+
+@noindent or
+
+@example
+* [2006-03-21 Tue 15:37]
+
+ [[file:link to where you called remember]]
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+During expansion of the template, special @kbd{%}-escapes allow dynamic
+insertion of content:
+@example
+%^@{prompt@} @r{prompt the user for a string and replace this sequence with it.}
+%t @r{time stamp, date only}
+%T @r{time stamp with date and time}
+%u, %U @r{like the above, but inactive time stamps}
+%^t @r{like @code{%t}, but prompt for date. Similarly @code{%^T}, @code{%^u}, @code{%^U}}
+ @r{You may define a prompt like @code{%^@{Birthday@}t}}
+%n @r{user name (taken from @code{user-full-name})}
+%a @r{annotation, normally the link created with @code{org-store-link}}
+%i @r{initial content, the region when remember is called with C-u.}
+ @r{The entire text will be indented like @code{%i} itself.}
+%:keyword @r{specific information for certain link types, see below}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+For specific link types, the following keywords will be defined:
+
+@example
+Link type | Available keywords
+-------------------+----------------------------------------------
+bbdb | %:name %:company
+vm, wl, mh, rmail | %:type %:subject %:message-id
+ | %:from %:fromname %:fromaddress
+ | %:to %:toname %:toaddress
+ | %:fromto @r{(either "to NAME" or "from NAME")@footnote{This will always be the other, not the user. See the variable @code{org-from-is-user-regexp}.}}
+gnus | %:group, @r{for messages also all email fields}
+w3, w3m | %:url
+info | %:file %:node
+calendar | %:date"
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+If you would like to have the cursor in a specific position after the
+template has been expanded:
+
+@example
+%? @r{After completing the template, position cursor here.}
@end example
-When you compose a note with remember, you have to press @kbd{C-c C-c}
-to exit remember-mode and to file away the note. The handler first
-prompts for a target file - if you press @key{RET}, the value of
-@code{org-default-notes-file} is used. Then the command offers the
-headings tree of the selected file. You can either immediately press
-@key{RET} to get the note appended to the file. Or you can use
-vertical cursor motion (@key{up} and @key{down}) and visibility
-cycling (@key{TAB}) to find a better place. Pressing @key{RET} or
-@key{left} or @key{right} leads to the following result.
+@noindent
+If you change you mind about which template to use, call
+@code{org-remember} in the remember buffer. You may then select a new
+template that will be filled with the previoous context information.
+
+@node Storing notes, , Remember templates, Remember
+@subsection Storing notes
+
+When you are finished preparing a note with @i{remember}, you have to press
+@kbd{C-c C-c} to file the note away. The handler first prompts for a
+target file - if you press @key{RET}, the value specified for the
+template is used. Then the command offers the headings tree of the
+selected file, with the cursor position at the default headline (if you
+had specified one in the template). You can either immediately press
+@key{RET} to get the note placed there. Or you can use vertical cursor
+motion (@key{up} and @key{down}) and visibility cycling (@key{TAB}) to
+find a better place. Pressing @key{RET} or @key{left} or @key{right}
+then leads to the following result.
@multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.1 0.7
@item @b{Cursor position} @tab @b{Key} @tab @b{Note gets inserted}
Or use prefix arg to specify level manually.
@end multitable
-So a fast way to store the note is to press @kbd{C-c C-c @key{RET}
-@key{RET}} to append it to the default file. Even shorter would be
-@kbd{C-u C-c C-c}, which does the same without even showing the tree.
-But with little extra effort, you can push it directly to the correct
-location.
+So a fast way to store the note to its default location is to press
+@kbd{C-c C-c @key{RET} @key{RET}}. Even shorter would be @kbd{C-u C-c
+C-c}, which does the same without even asking for a file or showing the
+tree.
Before inserting the text into a tree, the function ensures that the
text has a headline, i.e. a first line that starts with a @samp{*}.
non-nil, the entire text is also indented so that it starts in the
same column as the headline (after the asterisks).
+
@node TODO items, Timestamps, Hyperlinks, Top
@chapter TODO items
@cindex TODO items
@menu
* TODO basics:: Marking and displaying TODO entries
-* Progress Logging:: Document your productivity
* TODO extensions:: Workflow and assignments
* Priorities:: Some things are more important than others
+* Breaking down tasks:: Splitting a task into managable pieces
+* Checkboxes:: Tick-off lists
@end menu
-@node TODO basics, Progress Logging, TODO items, TODO items
+@node TODO basics, TODO extensions, TODO items, TODO items
@section Basic TODO functionality
Any headline can become a TODO item by starting it with the word TODO,
-for example
+for example:
@example
*** TODO Write letter to Sam Fortune
@cindex cycling, of TODO states
@item C-c C-t
Rotate the TODO state of the current item between
+
@example
,-> (unmarked) -> TODO -> DONE --.
'--------------------------------'
@end example
+
The same rotation can also be done ``remotely'' from the timeline and
agenda buffers with the @kbd{t} command key (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
+@kindex S-@key{right}
+@kindex S-@key{left}
+@item S-@key{right}
+@itemx S-@key{left}
+Select the following/preceding TODO state, similar to cycling. Mostly
+useful if more than two TODO states are possible (@pxref{TODO extensions}).
@kindex C-c C-v
@cindex sparse tree, for TODO
@item C-c C-v
@kindex C-c a t
@item C-c a t
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
-agenda files (@pxref{Agenda Views}) into a single buffer. The buffer is in
+agenda files (@pxref{Agenda views}) into a single buffer. The buffer is in
@code{agenda-mode}, so there are commands to examine and manipulate
the TODO entries directly from that buffer (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
@xref{Global TODO list}, for more information.
-@item @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo}
-If you would like to have all your TODO items listed as part of your
-agenda, customize the variable @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo}.
+@c @item @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo}
+@c If you would like to have all your TODO items listed as part of your
+@c agenda, customize the variable @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo}.
@end table
-@node Progress Logging, TODO extensions, TODO basics, TODO items
-@section Progress Logging
-@cindex progress logging
-@cindex logging, of progress
-If you want to keep track of @emph{when} a certain TODO item was
-finished, turn on logging with
-@lisp
-(setq org-log-done t)
-@end lisp
-@noindent
-Then each time you turn a TODO entry into DONE using either @kbd{C-c
-C-t} in the Org-mode buffer or @kbd{t} in the agenda buffer, a line
-@samp{CLOSED: [timestamp]} will be inserted just after the headline.
-If you turn the entry back into a TODO item again through further
-state cycling, that line will be removed again. In the timeline
-(@pxref{Timeline}) and in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily Agenda}),
-you can then use the @kbd{L} key to display the TODO items closed on
-each day, giving you an overview of what has been done on a day.
-
-@node TODO extensions, Priorities, Progress Logging, TODO items
+
+@node TODO extensions, Priorities, TODO basics, TODO items
@section Extended use of TODO keywords
@cindex extended TODO keywords
-The default implementation of TODO entries is just two states: TODO
-and DONE. You can, however, use the TODO feature for more
-complicated things by configuring the variables
-@code{org-todo-keywords} and @code{org-todo-interpretation}. Using
-special setup, you can even use TODO keywords in different ways in
-different org files.
+The default implementation of TODO entries is just two states: TODO and
+DONE. You can, however, use the TODO feature for more complicated
+things by configuring the variables @code{org-todo-keywords} and
+@code{org-todo-interpretation}. Using special setup, you can even use
+TODO keywords in different ways in different org files.
+
+Note that @i{tags} are another way to classify headlines in general and
+TODO items in particular (@pxref{Tags}).
@menu
* Workflow states:: From TODO to DONE in steps
@cindex workflow states as TODO keywords
You can use TODO keywords to indicate different states in the process
-of working on an item, for example
+of working on an item, for example:
@lisp
(setq org-todo-keywords '("TODO" "FEEDBACK" "VERIFY" "DONE")
@end lisp
@cindex completion, of TODO keywords
-Changing these variables becomes only effective in a new Emacs session.
+Changing these variables only becomes effective in a new Emacs session.
With this setup, the command @kbd{C-c C-t} will cycle an entry from
TODO to FEEDBACK, then to VERIFY, and finally to DONE. You may also
use a prefix argument to quickly select a specific state. For example
@kbd{C-3 C-c C-t} will change the state immediately to VERIFY.
If you define many keywords, you can use in-buffer completion (see
-@ref{Completion}) to insert these words into the buffer.
+@ref{Completion}) to insert these words into the buffer. Changing a todo
+state can be logged with a timestamp, see @ref{Tracking TODO state
+changes} for more information.
@node TODO types, Per file keywords, Workflow states, TODO extensions
@subsection TODO keywords as types
You can also review the items of a specific TODO type in a sparse tree
by using a numeric prefix to @kbd{C-c C-v}. For example, to see all
things Lucy has to do, you would use @kbd{C-3 C-c C-v}. To collect
-collect Lucy's items from all agenda files into a single buffer, you
+Lucy's items from all agenda files into a single buffer, you
would use the prefix arg as well when creating the global todo list:
@kbd{C-3 C-c t}.
#+TYP_TODO: Fred Sara Lucy Mike DONE
@end example
-@cindex Completion, of option keywords
+@cindex completion, of option keywords
@kindex M-@key{TAB}
@noindent To make sure you are using the correct keyword, type
@samp{#+} into the buffer and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion.
@cindex DONE, final TODO keyword
Remember that the last keyword must always mean that the item is DONE
-(you may use a different word, though). Also note that in each file,
+(although you may use a different word). Also note that in each file,
only one of the two aspects of TODO keywords can be used. After
changing one of these lines, use @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still
in the line to make the changes known to Org-mode@footnote{Org-mode
parses these lines only when Org-mode is activated after visiting a
file. @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in a line starting with @samp{#+}
-is simply restarting Org-mode, making sure that these changes will be
-respected.}.
+is simply restarting Org-mode for the current buffer.}.
If you want to use very many keywords, for example when working with a
large group of people, you may split the names over several lines:
#+TYP_TODO: DONE
@end example
-@node Priorities, , TODO extensions, TODO items
+@node Priorities, Breaking down tasks, TODO extensions, TODO items
@section Priorities
@cindex priorities
With its standard setup, Org-mode supports priorities @samp{A},
@samp{B}, and @samp{C}. @samp{A} is the highest priority. An entry
without a cookie is treated as priority @samp{B}. Priorities make a
-difference only in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily Agenda}).
+difference only in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}).
@table @kbd
@kindex @kbd{C-c ,}
@item @kbd{C-c ,}
-Set the priority of the current item. The command prompts for a
+Set the priority of the current headline. The command prompts for a
priority character @samp{A}, @samp{B} or @samp{C}. When you press
@key{SPC} instead, the priority cookie is removed from the headline.
The priorities can also be changed ``remotely'' from the timeline and
@kindex S-@key{down}
@item S-@key{up}
@itemx S-@key{down}
-Increase/decrease priority of current item. Note that these keys are
-also used to modify time stamps (@pxref{Creating timestamps}).
-Furthermore, these keys are also used by CUA-mode
-(@pxref{Interaction}).
+Increase/decrease priority of current headline. Note that these keys
+are also used to modify time stamps (@pxref{Creating timestamps}).
+Furthermore, these keys are also used by CUA-mode (@pxref{Conflicts}).
@end table
-@node Timestamps, Agenda Views, TODO items, Top
-@chapter Timestamps
+@node Breaking down tasks, Checkboxes, Priorities, TODO items
+@section Breaking tasks down into subtasks
+@cindex tasks, breaking down
-Items can be labeled with timestamps to make them useful for project
-planning.
+It is often advisable to break down large tasks into smaller, managable
+subtasks. You can do this by creating an outline tree below a TODO
+item, with detailed subtasks on the tree@footnote{To keep subtasks out
+of the global TODO list, see the
+@code{org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels}.}. Another possibility is the use
+of checkboxes to identify (a hierarchy of) a large number of subtasks
+(@pxref{Checkboxes}).
-@menu
-* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
-* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
-@end menu
+@node Checkboxes, , Breaking down tasks, TODO items
+@section Checkboxes
+@cindex checkboxes
-@node Time stamps, Creating timestamps, Timestamps, Timestamps
+Every item in a plain list (@pxref{Plain lists}) can be made a checkbox
+by starting it with the string @samp{[ ]}. This feature is similar to
+TODO items (@pxref{TODO items}), but more lightweight. Checkboxes are
+not included into the global TODO list, so they are often great to split
+a task into a number of simple steps. Or you can use them in a shopping
+list. To toggle a checkbox, use @kbd{C-c C-c}, or try Piotr Zielinski's
+@file{org-mouse.el}. Here is an example of a checkbox list.
+
+@example
+* TODO Organize party [3/6]
+ - call people [1/3]
+ - [ ] Peter
+ - [X] Sarah
+ - [ ] Sam
+ - [X] order food
+ - [ ] think about what music to play
+ - [X] talk to the neighbors
+@end example
+
+@cindex statistics, for checkboxes
+@cindex checkbox statistics
+The @samp{[3/6]} and @samp{[1/3]} in the first and second line are
+cookies indicating how many checkboxes are present in this entry, and
+how many of them have been checked off. This can give you an idea on
+how many checkboxes remain, even without opening a folded entry. The
+cookies can be placed into a headline or into (the first line of) a
+plain list item. Each cookie covers all checkboxes structurally below
+that headline/item. You have to insert the cookie yourself by typing
+either @samp{[/]} or @samp{[%]}. In the first case you get an @samp{n
+out of m} result, in the second case you get information about the
+percentage of checkboxes checked (in the above example, this would be
+@samp{[50%]} and @samp{[33%], respectively}).
+
+@noindent The following commands work with checkboxes:
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@item C-c C-c
+Toggle checkbox at point.
+@kindex C-c C-x C-b
+@item C-c C-x C-b
+Toggle checkbox at point.
+@itemize @minus
+@item
+If there is an active region, toggle the first checkbox in the region
+and set all remaining boxes to the same status as the first. If you
+want to toggle all boxes in the region independently, use a prefix
+argument.
+@item
+If the cursor is in a headline, toggle checkboxes in the region between
+this headline and the next (so @emph{not} the entire subtree).
+@item
+If there is no active region, just toggle the checkbox at point.
+@end itemize
+@kindex M-S-@key{RET}
+@item M-S-@key{RET}
+Insert a new item with a checkbox.
+This works only if the cursor is already in a plain list item
+(@pxref{Plain lists}).
+@kindex C-c #
+@item C-c #
+Update the checkbox statistics in the current outline entry. When
+called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, update the entire file. Checkbox
+statistic cookies are updated automatically if you toggle checkboxes
+with @kbd{C-c C-c} and make new ones with @kbd{M-S-@key{RET}}. If you
+delete boxes or add/change them by hand, use this command to get things
+back into synch. Or simply toggle any checkbox twice with @kbd{C-c C-c}.
+@end table
+
+@node Timestamps, Tags, TODO items, Top
+@chapter Timestamps
+@cindex time stamps
+@cindex date stamps
+
+Items can be labeled with timestamps to make them useful for project
+planning.
+
+@menu
+* Time stamps:: Assigning a time to a tree entry
+* Creating timestamps:: Commands which insert timestamps
+* Custom time format:: If you cannot work with the ISO format
+* Repeating items:: Deadlines that come back again and again
+* Progress logging:: Documenting when what work was done.
+@end menu
+
+
+@node Time stamps, Creating timestamps, Timestamps, Timestamps
@section Time stamps, deadlines and scheduling
@cindex time stamps
@cindex ranges, time
@cindex scheduling
A time stamp is a specification of a date (possibly with time) in a
-special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>} or @samp{<2003-09-16
-Tue 09:39>}. A time stamp can appear anywhere in the headline or body
-of an org-tree entry. Its presence allows to show entries on specific
-dates in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily Agenda}). We distinguish:
+special format, either @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue>} or @samp{<2003-09-16 Tue
+09:39>}@footnote{This is the standard ISO date/time format. If you
+cannot get used to these, see @ref{Custom time format}}. A time stamp
+can appear anywhere in the headline or body of an org-tree entry. Its
+presence allows entries to be shown on specific dates in the agenda
+(@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}). We distinguish:
@table @var
+@item Plain time stamp
@cindex timestamp
-@item TIMESTAMP
-A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item. In the
-timeline and agenda displays, the headline of the entry will be shown
-exactly on that date.
+A simple time stamp just assigns a date/time to an item. This is just
+like writing down an appointment in a paper agenda, or like writing down
+an event in a diary, when you want to take note of when something
+happened. In the timeline and agenda displays, the headline of an entry
+associated with a plain time stamp will be shown exactly on that date.
+
+@example
+* Meet Peter at the movies <2006-11-01 Wed 19:15>
+@end example
+
+@item Inactive time stamp
+@cindex timestamp, inactive
+@cindex inactive timestamp
+Just like a plain time stamp, but with square brackets instead of
+angular ones. These time stamps are inactive in the sense that they do
+@emph{not} trigger an entry to show up in the agenda.
+
+@example
+* Gillian comes late for the fifth time [2006-11-01 Wed]
+@end example
-@item TIMERANGE
+@item Time stamp range
@cindex timerange
Two time stamps connected by @samp{--} denote a time range. The
headline will be shown on the first and last day of the range, and on
<2004-08-23 Mon>--<2004-08-26 Thu>
@end example
-@item DEADLINE
+@item Time stamp with SCHEDULED keyword
+@cindex SCHEDULED keyword
+If a time stamp is preceded by the word @samp{SCHEDULED:}, it means you
+are planning to start working on that task on the given date. So this is
+not about recording an event, but about planning your work. The
+headline will be listed under the given date@footnote{It will still be
+listed on that date after it has been marked DONE. If you don't like
+this, set the variable @code{org-agenda-skip-scheduled-if-done}.}. In
+addition, a reminder that the scheduled date has passed will be present
+in the compilation for @emph{today}, until the entry is marked DONE.
+I.e., the task will automatically be forwarded until completed.
+
+@example
+*** TODO Call Trillian for a date on New Years Eve.
+ SCHEDULED: <2004-12-25 Sat>
+@end example
+
+@item Time stamp with DEADLINE keyword
@cindex DEADLINE keyword
If a time stamp is preceded by the word @samp{DEADLINE:}, the task
(most likely a TODO item) is supposed to be finished on that date, and
@example
*** TODO write article about the Earth for the Guide
- The editor in charge is <bbdb:Ford Prefect>
+ The editor in charge is [[bbdb:Ford Prefect]]
DEADLINE: <2004-02-29 Sun>
@end example
-
-@item SCHEDULED
-@cindex SCHEDULED keyword
-If a time stamp is preceded by the word @samp{SCHEDULED:}, it means
-you are planning to start working on that task on the given date. The
-headline will be listed under the given date. In addition, a reminder
-that the scheduled date has passed will be present in the compilation
-for @emph{today}, until the entry is marked DONE. I.e., the
-task will automatically be forwarded.
+@item Time stamp with CLOSED keyword
+@cindex CLOSED keyword
+When @code{org-log-done} is non-nil, Org-mode will automatically insert
+a special time stamp each time a TODO entry is marked done
+(@pxref{Progress logging}). This time stamp is enclosed in square
+brackets instead of angular brackets.
+
+@item Time range with CLOCK keyword
+@cindex CLOCK keyword
+When using the clock to time the work that is being done on specific
+items, time ranges preceded by the CLOCK keyword are inserted
+automatically into the file. The time stamps are enclosed in square
+brackets instead of angular brackets. @xref{Clocking work time}.
@end table
-@node Creating timestamps, , Time stamps, Timestamps
+@node Creating timestamps, Custom time format, Time stamps, Timestamps
@section Creating timestamps
@cindex creating timestamps
@cindex timestamps, creating
@kindex C-u C-c .
@item C-u C-c .
Like @kbd{C-c .}, but use the alternative format which contains date
-and time.
+and time. The default time can be rounded to multiples of 5 minutes,
+see the option @code{org-time-stamp-rounding-minutes}.
@kindex C-c !
@item C-c !
Like @kbd{C-c .}, but insert an inactive time stamp not triggering the
-agenda.
+agenda.
@kindex C-c <
@item C-c <
@kindex C-c C-o
@item C-c C-o
-Access the agenda for the date given by the time stamp at point
-(@pxref{Weekly/Daily Agenda}).
+Access the agenda for the date given by the time stamp or -range at
+point (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}).
@kindex C-c C-d
@item C-c C-d
-Insert @samp{DEADLINE} keyword along with a stamp.
+Insert @samp{DEADLINE} keyword along with a stamp. The insertion will
+happen in the line directly following the headline.
+@c FIXME Any CLOSED timestamp will be removed.????????
+
@kindex C-c C-w
@cindex sparse tree, for deadlines
@item C-c C-w
@kindex C-c C-s
@item C-c C-s
-Insert @samp{SCHEDULED} keyword along with a stamp.
+Insert @samp{SCHEDULED} keyword along with a stamp. The insertion will
+happen in the line directly following the headline. Any CLOSED
+timestamp will be removed.
@kindex S-@key{left}
@kindex S-@key{right}
@item S-@key{left}
@itemx S-@key{right}
Change date at cursor by one day. These key bindings conflict with
-CUA-mode (@pxref{Interaction}).
+CUA-mode (@pxref{Conflicts}).
@kindex S-@key{up}
@kindex S-@key{down}
@item S-@key{up}
@itemx S-@key{down}
-Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp. The cursor can be on
-a year, month, day, hour or minute. Note that if the cursor is not at
-a time stamp, these same keys modify the priority of an item.
-(@pxref{Priorities}). The key bindings also conflict with CUA-mode
-(@pxref{Interaction}).
+Change the item under the cursor in a timestamp. The cursor can be on a
+year, month, day, hour or minute. Note that if the cursor is in a
+headline and not at a time stamp, these same keys modify the priority of
+an item. (@pxref{Priorities}). The key bindings also conflict with
+CUA-mode (@pxref{Conflicts}).
@kindex C-c C-y
into the following column).
@end table
+
+@menu
+* The date/time prompt:: How org-mode helps you entering date and time
+@end menu
+
+@node The date/time prompt, , Creating timestamps, Creating timestamps
+@subsection The date/time prompt
@cindex date, reading in minibuffer
@cindex time, reading in minibuffer
+
+When Org-mode prompts for a date/time, the prompt suggests to enter an
+ISO date. But it will in fact accept any string containing some date
+and/or time information. You can, for example, use @kbd{C-y} to paste a
+(possibly multi-line) string copied from an email message. Org-mode
+will find whatever information is in there and will replace anything not
+specified with the current date and time. For example:
+
+@example
+ 3-2-5 --> 2003-02-05
+ feb 15 --> currentyear-02-15
+ sep 12 9 --> 2009-09-12
+ 12:45 --> today 12:45
+ 22 sept 0:34 --> currentyear-09-22 0:34
+ 12 --> currentyear-currentmonth-12
+ Fri --> nearest Friday (today or later)
+ +4 --> 4 days from now (if +N is the only thing given)
+@end example
+
+The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations. If
+you want to use unabbreviated names and/or other languages, configure
+the variables @code{parse-time-months} and @code{parse-time-weekdays}.
+
@cindex calendar, for selecting date
-When Org-mode prompts for a date/time, the function reading your input
-will replace anything you choose not to specify with the current date
-and time. For details, see the documentation string of
-@command{org-read-date}. Also, a calender will pop up to allow
-selecting a date. The calendar can be fully controlled from the
-minibuffer, and a date can be selected with the following commands:
+Parallel to the minibuffer prompt, a calendar is popped up@footnote{If
+you don't need/want the calendar, configure the variable
+@code{org-popup-calendar-for-date-prompt}.}. When you exit the date
+prompt, either by clicking on a date in the calendar, or by pressing
+@key{RET}, the date selected in the calendar will be combined with the
+information entered at the prompt. You can control the calendar fully
+from the minibuffer:
@table @kbd
@kindex <
One month back.
@kindex @key{RET}
@item @key{RET}
-Choose date in calendar (only if nothing typed into minibuffer).
+Choose date in calendar (only if nothing was typed into minibuffer).
+@end table
+
+@node Custom time format, Repeating items, Creating timestamps, Timestamps
+@section Custom time format
+@cindex custom date/time format
+@cindex time format, custom
+@cindex date format, custom
+
+Org-mode uses the standard ISO notation for dates and times as it is
+defined in ISO 8601. If you cannot get used to this and require another
+representation of date and time to keep you happy, you can get it by
+customizing the variables @code{org-display-custom-times} and
+@code{org-time-stamp-custom-formats}.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x C-t
+@item C-c C-x C-t
+Toggle the display of custom formats for dates and times.
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+Org-mode needs the default format for scanning, so the custom date/time
+format does not @emph{replace} the default format - instead it is put
+@emph{over} the default format using text properties. This has the
+following consequences:
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+You cannot place the cursor onto a time stamp anymore, only before or
+after.
+@item
+The @kbd{S-@key{up}/@key{down}} keys can no longer be used to adjust
+each component of a time stamp. If the cursor is at the beginning of
+the stamp, @kbd{S-@key{up}/@key{down}} will change the stamp by one day,
+just like @kbd{S-@key{left}/@key{right}}. At the end of the stamp, the
+time will be changed by one minute.
+@item
+When you delete a time stamp character-by-character, it will only
+disappear from the buffer after @emph{all} (invisible) characters
+belonging to the ISO timestamp have been removed.
+@item
+If the custom time stamp format is longer than the default and you are
+using dates in tables, table alignment will be messed up. If the custom
+format is shorter, things do work as expected.
+@end itemize
+
+@node Repeating items, Progress logging, Custom time format, Timestamps
+@section Repeating items
+@cindex TODO items, repeating
+@cindex deadlines, repeating
+@cindex scheduling, repeating
+
+Org-mode integrates with the Emacs calendar and diary to display cyclic
+appointments, anniversaries and other special entries in the agenda
+(@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}). However, it can be useful to have
+certain deadlines and scheduling items to auto-repeat. The advantage of
+a deadline or scheduled item is that the they produce warnings ahead of
+time and automatically forward themselves in the agenda until they are
+done. The abstract difference is therefore between cyclic
+@i{appointments} and cyclic @i{action items}. For appointments you
+should use the diary, for actions you can uses an org-mode deadline or
+scheduling time stamp together with a REPEAT cookie. For example:
+
+@example
+* TODO Replace batteries in smoke detector REPEAT(+18m)
+ SCHEDULED: <2007-01-01 Mon>
+
+* TODO Get dentist appointment REPEAT(+6m)
+ SCHEDULED: <2006-12-19 Tue>
+
+* TODO Tax report to IRS REPEAT(+1y)
+ DEADLINE: <2007-04-01 Sun>
+@end example
+
+Each time you try to mark one of these entries DONE using @kbd{C-c C-t},
+they will automatically switch back to the state TODO, and the
+deadline/scheduling will be shifted accordingly. The time units
+recognized by org-mode are year (y), month (m), week (w), and day (d).
+Org-mode will also prompt you for a note and record the fact that you
+have closed this item in a note under the headline.
+
+One unusual property of these repeating items is that only one instance
+of each exist at any given time. So if you look back or ahead in the
+agenda, you will not find past and future instances, only the current
+one will show up. Use a cyclic diary entry if you need all past and
+future instances to be visible in the agenda.
+
+@node Progress logging, , Repeating items, Timestamps
+@section Progress Logging
+@cindex progress logging
+@cindex logging, of progress
+
+Org-mode can automatically record a time stamp when you mark a TODO item
+as DONE, or even each time when you change the state of a TODO item.
+You can also measure precisely the time you spent on specific items in a
+project by starting and stopping a clock when you start and stop working
+on an aspect of a project.
+
+@menu
+* Closing items:: When was this entry marked DONE?
+* Tracking TODO state changes:: When did the status change?
+* Clocking work time:: When exactly did you work on this item?
+@end menu
+
+@node Closing items, Tracking TODO state changes, Progress logging, Progress logging
+@subsection Closing items
+
+If you want to keep track of @emph{when} a certain TODO item was
+finished, turn on logging with@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer
+setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: logdone}}
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-log-done t)
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent
+Then each time you turn a TODO entry into DONE using either @kbd{C-c
+C-t} in the Org-mode buffer or @kbd{t} in the agenda buffer, a line
+@samp{CLOSED: [timestamp]} will be inserted just after the headline. If
+you turn the entry back into a TODO item through further state cycling,
+that line will be removed again. In the timeline (@pxref{Timeline}) and
+in the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}), you can then use the
+@kbd{l} key to display the TODO items closed on each day, giving you an
+overview of what has been done on a day. If you want to record a note
+along with the timestamp, use@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer
+setting is: @code{#+STARTUP: lognotedone}}
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-log-done '(done))
+@end lisp
+
+@node Tracking TODO state changes, Clocking work time, Closing items, Progress logging
+@subsection Tracking TODO state changes
+
+When TODO keywords are used as workflow states (@pxref{Workflow
+states}), you might want to keep track of when a state change occurred,
+and you may even want to attach notes to that state change. With the
+setting
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-log-done '(state))
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent
+each state change will prompt you for a note that will be attached to
+the current headline. Very likely you do not want this verbose tracking
+all the time, so it is probably better to configure this behavior with
+in-buffer options. For example, if you are tracking purchases, put
+these into a separate file that starts with:
+
+@example
+#+SEQ_TODO: TODO ORDERED INVOICE PAYED RECEIVED SENT
+#+STARTUP: lognotestate
+@end example
+
+@node Clocking work time, , Tracking TODO state changes, Progress logging
+@subsection Clocking work time
+
+Org-mode allows you to clock the time you spent on specific tasks in a
+project. When you start working on an item, you can start the clock.
+When you stop working on that task, or when you mark the task done, the
+clock is stopped and the corresponding time interval is recorded. It
+also computes the total time spent on each subtree of a project.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x C-i
+@item C-c C-x C-i
+Start the clock on the current item (clock-in). This inserts the CLOCK
+keyword together with a timestamp.
+@kindex C-c C-x C-o
+@item C-c C-x C-o
+Stop the clock (clock-out). The inserts another timestamp at the same
+location where the clock was last started. It also directly computes
+the resulting time in inserts it after the time range as @samp{=>
+HH:MM}. See the variable @code{org-log-done} for the possibility to
+record an additional note together with the clock-out time
+stamp@footnote{The corresponding in-buffer setting is: @code{#+STARTUP:
+lognoteclock-out}}.
+@kindex C-c C-y
+@item C-c C-y
+Recompute the time interval after changing one of the time stamps. This
+is only necessary if you edit the time stamps directly. If you change
+them with @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} keys, the update is automatic.
+@kindex C-c C-t
+@item C-c C-t
+Changing the TODO state of an item to DONE automatically stops the clock
+if it is running in this same item.
+@kindex C-c C-x C-x
+@item C-c C-x C-x
+Cancel the current clock. This is useful if a clock was started by
+mistake, or if you ended up working on something else.
+@kindex C-c C-x C-d
+@item C-c C-x C-d
+Display time summaries for each subtree in the current buffer. This
+puts overlays at the end of each headline, showing the total time
+recorded under that heading, including the time of any subheadings. You
+can use visibility cycling to study the tree, but the overlays disappear
+when you change the buffer (see variable
+@code{org-remove-highlights-with-change}) or press @kbd{C-c C-c}.
+@kindex C-c C-x C-r
+@item C-c C-x C-r
+Insert a dynamic block (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}) containing a clock
+report as an org-mode table into the current file.
+@example
+#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :emphasize nil
+
+#+END: clocktable
+@end example
+@noindent
+If such a block already exists, its content is replaced by the new
+table. The @samp{BEGIN} line can specify options:
+@example
+:maxlevels @r{Maximum level depth to which times are listed in the table.}
+:emphasize @r{When @code{t}, emphasize level one and level two items}
+:block @r{The time block to consider. This block is specified relative}
+ @r{to the current time and may be any of these keywords:}
+ @r{@code{today}, @code{yesterday}, @code{thisweek}, @code{lastweek},}
+ @r{@code{thismonth}, @code{lastmonth}, @code{thisyear}, or @code{lastyear}}.
+:tstart @r{A time string specifying when to start considering times}
+:tend @r{A time string specifying when to stop considering times}
+@end example
+So to get a clock summary for the current day, you could write
+@example
+#+BEGIN: clocktable :maxlevel 2 :block today
+
+#+END: clocktable
+@end example
+and to use a specific time range you could write@footnote{Note that all
+parameters must be specified in a single line - the line is broken here
+only to fit it onto the manual.}
+@example
+#+BEGIN: clocktable :tstart "<2006-08-10 Thu 10:00>"
+ :tend "<2006-08-10 Thu 12:00>"
+
+#+END: clocktable
+@end example
+@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u
+@item C-u C-c C-x C-u
+Update all dynamic blocks (@pxref{Dynamic blocks}). This is useful if
+you have several clocktable blocks in a buffer.
+@end table
+
+The @kbd{l} key may be used in the timeline (@pxref{Timeline}) and in
+the agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}) to show which tasks have been
+worked on or closed during a day.
+
+@node Tags, Agenda views, Timestamps, Top
+@chapter Tags
+@cindex tags
+@cindex headline tagging
+@cindex matching, tags
+@cindex sparse tree, tag based
+
+If you wish to implement a system of labels and contexts for
+cross-correlating information, an excellent way is to assign @i{tags} to
+headlines. Org-mode has extensive support for using tags.
+
+Every headline can contain a list of tags, at the end of the headline.
+Tags are normal words containing letters, numbers, @samp{_}, and
+@samp{@@}. Tags must be preceded and followed by a single colon; like
+@samp{:WORK:}. Several tags can be specified like @samp{:WORK:URGENT:}.
+
+@menu
+* Tag inheritance:: Tags use the tree structure of the outline
+* Setting tags:: How to assign tags to a headline
+* Tag searches:: Searching for combinations of tags
+@end menu
+
+@node Tag inheritance, Setting tags, Tags, Tags
+@section Tag inheritance
+@cindex inheritance, of tags
+@cindex sublevels, inclusion into tags match
+
+@i{Tags} make use of the hierarchical structure of outline trees. If a
+heading has a certain tag, all subheadings will inherit the tag as
+well. For example, in the list
+
+@example
+* Meeting with the French group :WORK:
+** Summary by Frank :BOSS:NOTES:
+*** TODO Prepare slides for him :ACTION:
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+the final heading will have the tags @samp{:WORK:}, @samp{:BOSS:},
+@samp{:NOTES:}, and @samp{:ACTION:}. When executing tag searches and
+Org-mode finds that a certain headline matches the search criterion, it
+will not check any sublevel headline, assuming that these likely also
+match, and that the list of matches can become very long. This may
+not be what you want, however, and you can influence inheritance and
+searching using the variables @code{org-use-tag-inheritance} and
+@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}.
+
+@node Setting tags, Tag searches, Tag inheritance, Tags
+@section Setting tags
+@cindex setting tags
+@cindex tags, setting
+
+@kindex M-@key{TAB}
+Tags can simply be typed into the buffer at the end of a headline.
+After a colon, @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} offers completion on tags. There is
+also a special command for inserting tags:
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@item C-c C-c
+@cindex completion, of tags
+Enter new tags for the current headline. Org-mode will either offer
+completion or a special single-key interface for setting tags, see
+below. After pressing @key{RET}, the tags will be inserted and aligned
+to @code{org-tags-column}. When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, all
+tags in the current buffer will be aligned to that column, just to make
+things look nice. TAGS are automatically realigned after promotion,
+demotion, and TODO state changes (@pxref{TODO basics}).
+@end table
+
+Org will support tag insertion based on a @emph{list of tags}. By
+default this list is constructed dynamically, containing all tags
+currently used in the buffer. You may also globally specify a hard list
+of tags with the variable @code{org-tag-alist}. Finally you can set
+the default tags for a given file with lines like
+
+@example
+#+TAGS: @@WORK @@HOME @@TENNISCLUB
+#+TAGS: Laptop Car PC Sailboat
+@end example
+
+If you have globally defined your preferred set of tags using the
+variable @code{org-tag-alist}, but would like to use a dynamic tag list
+in a specific file: Just add an empty TAGS option line to that file:
+
+@example
+#+TAGS:
+@end example
+
+The default support method for entering tags is minibuffer completion.
+However, Org-mode also implements a much better method: @emph{fast tag
+selection}. This method allows to select and deselect tags with a
+single key per tag. To function efficiently, you should assign unique
+keys to most tags. This can be done globally with
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-tag-alist '(("@@WORK" . ?w) ("@@HOME" . ?h) ("Laptop" . ?l)))
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent or on a per-file basis with
+
+@example
+#+TAGS: @@WORK(w) @@HOME(h) @@TENNISCLUB(t) Laptop(l) PC(p)
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+You can also group together tags that are mutually exclusive. With
+curly braces@footnote{In @code{org-mode-alist} use
+@code{'(:startgroup)} and @code{'(:endgroup)}, respectively. Several
+groups are allowed.}
+
+@example
+#+TAGS: @{ @@WORK(w) @@HOME(h) @@TENNISCLUB(t) @} Laptop(l) PC(p)
+@end example
+
+@noindent you indicate that at most one of @samp{@@WORK}, @samp{@@HOME},
+and @samp{@@TENNISCLUB} should be selected.
+
+@noindent Don't forget to press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in one of
+these lines to activate any changes.
+
+If at least one tag has a selection key, pressing @kbd{C-c C-c} will
+automatically present you with a special interface, listing inherited
+tags, the tags of the current headline, and a list of all legal tags
+with corresponding keys@footnote{Keys will automatically be assigned to
+tags which have no configured keys.}. In this interface, you can use
+the following keys:
+
+@table @kbd
+@item a-z...
+Pressing keys assigned to tags will add or remove them from the list of
+tags in the current line. Selecting a tag in a group of mutually
+exclusive tags will turn off any other tags from that group.
+@kindex @key{TAB}
+@item @key{TAB}
+Enter a tag in the minibuffer, even if the tag is not in the predefined
+list. You will be able to complete on all tags present in the buffer.
+@kindex @key{SPC}
+@item @key{SPC}
+Clear all tags for this line.
+@kindex @key{RET}
+@item @key{RET}
+Accept the modified set.
+@item C-g
+Abort without installing changes.
+@item q
+If @kbd{q} is not assigned to a tag, it aborts like @kbd{C-g}.
+@item !
+Turn off groups of mutually exclusive tags. Use this to (as an
+exception) assign several tags from such a group.
+@item C-c
+Toggle auto-exit after the next change (see below).
+If you are using expert mode, the first @kbd{C-c} will display the
+selection window.
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+This method lets you assign tags to a headline with very few keys. With
+the above setup, you could clear the current tags and set @samp{@@HOME},
+@samp{Laptop} and @samp{PC} tags with just the following keys: @kbd{C-c
+C-c @key{SPC} h l p @key{RET}}. Switching from @samp{@@HOME} to
+@samp{@@WORK} would be done with @kbd{C-c C-c w @key{RET}} or
+alternatively with @kbd{C-c C-c C-c w}. Adding the non-predefined tag
+@samp{Sarah} could be done with @kbd{C-c C-c @key{TAB} S a r a h
+@key{RET} @key{RET}}.
+
+If you find that most of the time, you need only a single keypress to
+modify your list of tags, set the variable
+@code{org-fast-tag-selection-single-key}. Then you no longer have to
+press @key{RET} to exit fast tag selection - it will immediately exit
+after the first change. If you then occasionally need more keys, press
+@kbd{C-c} to turn off auto-exit for the current tag selection process
+(in effect: start selection with @kbd{C-c C-c C-c} instead of @kbd{C-c
+C-c}). If you set the variable to the value @code{expert}, the special
+window is not even shown for single-key tag selection, it comes up only
+when you press an extra @kbd{C-c}.
+
+@node Tag searches, , Setting tags, Tags
+@section Tag searches
+@cindex tag searches
+@cindex searching for tags
+
+Once a tags system has been set up, it can be used to collect related
+information into special lists.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c \
+@item C-c \
+Create a sparse tree with all headlines matching a tags search. With a
+@kbd{C-u} prefix argument, ignore headlines that are not a TODO line.
+@kindex C-c a m
+@item C-c a m
+Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files.
+@xref{Matching headline tags}.
+@kindex C-c a M
+@item C-c a M
+Create a global list of tag matches from all agenda files, but check
+only TODO items and force checking subitems (see variable
+@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}).
+@end table
+
+@cindex Boolean logic, for tag searches
+A @i{tags} search string can use Boolean operators @samp{&} for AND and
+@samp{|} for OR. @samp{&} binds more strongly than @samp{|}.
+Parenthesis are currently not implemented. A tag may also be preceded
+by @samp{-}, to select against it, and @samp{+} is syntactic sugar for
+positive selection. The AND operator @samp{&} is optional when @samp{+}
+or @samp{-} is present. Examples:
+
+@table @samp
+@item +WORK-BOSS
+Select headlines tagged @samp{:WORK:}, but discard those also tagged
+@samp{:BOSS:}.
+@item WORK|LAPTOP
+Selects lines tagged @samp{:WORK:} or @samp{:LAPTOP:}.
+@item WORK|LAPTOP&NIGHT
+Like before, but require the @samp{:LAPTOP:} lines to be tagged also
+@samp{NIGHT}.
+@end table
+
+@cindex TODO keyword matching, with tags search
+If you are using multi-state TODO keywords (@pxref{TODO extensions}), it
+can be useful to also match on the TODO keyword. This can be done by
+adding a condition after a slash to a tags match. The syntax is similar
+to the tag matches, but should be applied with consideration: For
+example, a positive selection on several TODO keywords can not
+meaningfully be combined with boolean AND. However, @emph{negative
+selection} combined with AND can be meaningful. To make sure that only
+lines are checked that actually have any TODO keyword, use @kbd{C-c a
+M}, or equivalently start the todo part after the slash with @samp{!}.
+Examples:
+
+@table @samp
+@item WORK/WAITING
+Select @samp{:WORK:}-tagged TODO lines with the specific TODO
+keyword @samp{WAITING}.
+@item WORK/!-WAITING-NEXT
+Select @samp{:WORK:}-tagged TODO lines that are neither @samp{WAITING}
+nor @samp{NEXT}
+@item WORK/+WAITING|+NEXT
+Select @samp{:WORK:}-tagged TODO lines that are either @samp{WAITING} or
+@samp{NEXT}.
@end table
-@node Agenda Views, Exporting, Timestamps, Top
+@cindex regular expressions, with tags search
+Any element of the tag/todo match can be a regular expression - in this
+case it must be enclosed in curly braces. For example,
+@samp{WORK+@{^BOSS.*@}} matches headlines that contain the tag
+@samp{WORK} and any tag @i{starting} with @samp{BOSS}.
+
+@cindex level, require for tags match
+You can also require a headline to be of a certain level, by writing
+instead of any TAG an expression like @samp{LEVEL=3}. For example, a
+search @samp{+LEVEL=3+BOSS/-DONE} lists all level three headlines that
+have the tag BOSS and are @emph{not} marked with the todo keyword DONE.
+
+@node Agenda views, Embedded LaTeX, Tags, Top
@chapter Agenda Views
@cindex agenda views
-Due to the way Org-mode works, TODO items and time-stamped items can
-be scattered throughout a file or even a number of files. To get an
-overview over open action items, or over events that are important for
-a particular date, this information must be collected, sorted and
-displayed in an organized way.
+Due to the way Org-mode works, TODO items, time-stamped items, and
+tagged headlines can be scattered throughout a file or even a number of
+files. To get an overview over open action items, or over events that
+are important for a particular date, this information must be collected,
+sorted and displayed in an organized way.
Org-mode can select items based on various criteria, and display them
-in a separate buffer. Three different views are provided:
+in a separate buffer. Six different view types are provided:
+
@itemize @bullet
@item
an @emph{agenda} that is like a calendar and shows information
-for specific dates
+for specific dates,
@item
a @emph{TODO list} that covers all unfinished
-action items, and
+action items,
+@item
+a @emph{tags view}, showings headlines based on
+the tags associated with them,
+@item
+a @emph{timeline view} that shows all events in a single Org-mode file,
+in time-sorted view,
+@item
+a @emph{stuck projects view} showing projects that currently don't move
+along, and
@item
-a @emph{tags view} that shows information based on
-the tags associated with headlines in the outline tree.
+@emph{custom views} that are special tag/keyword searches and
+combinations of different views.
@end itemize
+
@noindent
The extracted information is displayed in a special @emph{agenda
buffer}. This buffer is read-only, but provides commands to visit the
corresponding locations in the original Org-mode files, and even to
-edit these files remotely.
+edit these files remotely.
+
+Two variables control how the agenda buffer is displayed and whether the
+window configuration is restored when the agenda exits:
+@code{org-agenda-window-setup} and
+@code{org-agenda-restore-windows-after-quit}.
@menu
* Agenda files:: Files being searched for agenda information
* Agenda dispatcher:: Keyboard access to agenda views
-* Weekly/Daily Agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
-* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
-* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
-* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
+* Built-in agenda views:: What is available out of the box?
+* Presentation and sorting:: How agenda items are prepared for display
* Agenda commands:: Remote editing of org trees
+* Custom agenda views:: Defining special searches and views
@end menu
-@node Agenda files, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda Views, Agenda Views
+@node Agenda files, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda views, Agenda views
@section Agenda files
+@cindex agenda files
+@cindex files for agenda
The information to be shown is collected from all @emph{agenda files},
-the files listed in the variable @code{org-agenda-files}. Thus even
+the files listed in the variable @code{org-agenda-files}@footnote{If the
+value of that variable is not a list, but a single file name, then the
+list of agenda files will be maintained in that external file.}. Thus even
if you only work with a single Org-mode file, this file should be put
-into that list@footnote{When using the dispatcher pressing @kbd{1}
+into that list@footnote{When using the dispatcher, pressing @kbd{1}
before selecting a command will actually limit the command to the
current file, and ignore @code{org-agenda-files} until the next
dispatcher command.}. You can customize @code{org-agenda-files}, but
@item C-c ]
Remove current file from the list of agenda files.
@kindex C-,
+@kindex C-'
@item C-,
-Cycle through agenda file list.
+@itemx C-'
+Cycle through agenda file list, visiting one file after the other.
@end table
+
@noindent
The Org menu contains the current list of files and can be used
to visit any of them.
-@node Agenda dispatcher, Weekly/Daily Agenda, Agenda files, Agenda Views
+@node Agenda dispatcher, Built-in agenda views, Agenda files, Agenda views
@section The agenda dispatcher
@cindex agenda dispatcher
@cindex dispatching agenda commands
-@cindex custom agenda commands
-@cindex agenda commands, custom
The views are created through a dispatcher that should be bound to a
-global key, for example @kbd{C-c a} (@pxref{Installation and
-Activation}). In the following we will assume that @kbd{C-c a} is
-indeed how the dispatcher is accessed and list keyboard access to
-commands accordingly. After pressing @kbd{C-c a}, an additional
-letter is required to execute a command. The dispatcher offers the
-following default commands:
+global key, for example @kbd{C-c a} (@pxref{Installation}). In the
+following we will assume that @kbd{C-c a} is indeed how the dispatcher
+is accessed and list keyboard access to commands accordingly. After
+pressing @kbd{C-c a}, an additional letter is required to execute a
+command. The dispatcher offers the following default commands:
@table @kbd
@item a
-Create the calendar-like agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily Agenda}).
-@item t / T
+Create the calendar-like agenda (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}).
+@item t @r{/} T
Create a list of all TODO items (@pxref{Global TODO list}).
-@item m / M
-Create a list of headline matching a TAGS expression (@pxref{Matching
+@item m @r{/} M
+Create a list of headlines matching a TAGS expression (@pxref{Matching
headline tags}).
+@item L
+Create the timeline view for the current buffer (@pxref{Timeline}).
+@item # @r{/} !
+Create a list of stuck projects (@pxref{Stuck projects}).
+@item 1
+Restrict an agenda command to the current buffer. After pressing
+@kbd{1}, you still need to press the character selecting the command.
+@item 0
+If there is an active region, restrict the following agenda command to
+the region. Otherwise, restrict it to the current subtree. After
+pressing @kbd{0}, you still need to press the character selecting the
+command.
@end table
-You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through
-the dispatcher, just like the default commands. Custom commands are
-global searches for tags and specific TODO keywords, or a variety of
-sparse tree creating commands (@pxref{Sparse trees}). As sparse trees
-are only defined for a single org-mode file, these latter commands act
-on the current buffer instead of the list of agenda files.
+You can also define custom commands that will be accessible through the
+dispatcher, just like the default commands. This includes the
+possibility to create extended agenda buffers that contain several
+blocks together, for example the weekly agenda, the global TODO list and
+a number of special tags matches. @xref{Custom agenda views}.
-@kindex C-c a C
-Custom commands are configured in the variable
-@code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. You can customize this variable,
-for example by pressing @kbd{C-c a C}. You can also directly set it
-with Emacs Lisp in @file{.emacs}. For example:
-@lisp
-(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
- '(("w" todo "WAITING")
- ("u" tags "+BOSS-URGENT")
- ("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT")
- ("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")))
-@end lisp
-@noindent will define @kbd{C-c a w} as a global search for
-TODO entries with @samp{WAITING} as todo keyword, @kbd{C-c a u} as a
-global tags search for headlines marked @samp{:BOSS:} but not
-@samp{:URGENT:}, @kbd{C-c a U} to do the same search but only in the
-current buffer and display the result as a sparse tree, and @kbd{C-c a
-f} to create a sparse tree with all entries containing the word
-@samp{FIXME}. For more information, look at the documentation string
-of the variable @code{org-agenda-custom-commands}.
-
-@node Weekly/Daily Agenda, Global TODO list, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda Views
-@section The weekly/daily agenda
+@node Built-in agenda views, Presentation and sorting, Agenda dispatcher, Agenda views
+@section The built-in agenda views
+
+In this section we describe the built-in views.
+
+@menu
+* Weekly/Daily agenda:: The calendar page with current tasks
+* Global TODO list:: All unfinished action items
+* Matching headline tags:: Structured information with fine-tuned search
+* Timeline:: Time-sorted view for single file
+* Stuck projects:: Find projects you need to review
+@end menu
+
+@node Weekly/Daily agenda, Global TODO list, Built-in agenda views, Built-in agenda views
+@subsection The weekly/daily agenda
@cindex agenda
+@cindex weekly agenda
+@cindex daily agenda
-The purpose of the weekly/daily @emph{agenda} is to act like a page of
-a paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day.
+The purpose of the weekly/daily @emph{agenda} is to act like a page of a
+paper agenda, showing all the tasks for the current week or day.
@table @kbd
@cindex org-agenda, command
Compile an agenda for the current week from a list of org files. The
agenda shows the entries for each day. With a @kbd{C-u} prefix (or
when the variable @code{org-agenda-include-all-todo} is @code{t}), all
-unfinished TODO items (also those without a date) are also listed at
+unfinished TODO items (including those without a date) are also listed at
the beginning of the buffer, before the first date.@*
@end table
-Remote editing from the agenda buffer means for example that you can
+Remote editing from the agenda buffer means, for example, that you can
change the dates of deadlines and appointments from the agenda buffer.
The commands available in the Agenda buffer are listed in @ref{Agenda
commands}.
-@menu
-* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
-* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
-* Calendar/Diary integration:: Integrating Anniversaries and more
-* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
-@end menu
-
-@node Categories, Time-of-day specifications, Weekly/Daily Agenda, Weekly/Daily Agenda
-@subsection Categories
-
-@cindex category
-In the agenda buffer, each entry is preceded by a @emph{category},
-which is derived from the file name. The category can also be set
-with a special line anywhere in the buffer, looking like this:
-@example
-#+CATEGORY: Thesis
-@end example
-If there are several such lines in a file, each specifies the category
-for the text below it. The display in the agenda buffer looks best if
-the category is not longer than 10 characters.
-
-@node Time-of-day specifications, Calendar/Diary integration, Categories, Weekly/Daily Agenda
-@subsection Time-of-Day Specifications
-
-Org-mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The
-time can be part of the time stamp that triggered inclusion into the
-agenda, for example as in @w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00>}}. Time
-ranges can be specified with two time stamps, like
-@c
-@w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15>}}.
-
-In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range) may also appear as
-plain text (like @samp{12:45} or a @samp{8:30-1pm}. If the agenda
-integrates the Emacs diary (@pxref{Calendar/Diary integration}), time
-specifications in diary entries are recognized as well.
-
-For agenda display, Org-mode extracts the time and displays it in a
-standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in
-the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this:
-
-@example
- 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
- 12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
- 19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
- 20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
-@end example
-
-If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the
-timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like
-
-@example
- 8:00...... ------------------
- 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
- 10:00...... ------------------
- 12:00...... ------------------
- 12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
- 14:00...... ------------------
- 16:00...... ------------------
- 18:00...... ------------------
- 19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
- 20:00...... ------------------
- 20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
-@end example
-
-The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable
-@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid}, and can be configured with
-@code{org-agenda-time-grid}.
-
-
-@node Calendar/Diary integration, Sorting of agenda items, Time-of-day specifications, Weekly/Daily Agenda
-@subsection Calendar/Diary integration
+@subsubheading Calendar/Diary integration
@cindex calendar integration
@cindex diary integration
Emacs contains the calendar and diary by Edward M. Reingold. The
calendar displays a three-month calendar with holidays from different
-countries and cultures. The diary allows to keep track of
+countries and cultures. The diary allows you to keep track of
anniversaries, lunar phases, sunrise/set, recurrent appointments
(weekly, monthly) and more. In this way, it is quite complementary to
Org-mode. It can be very useful to combine output from Org-mode with
@lisp
(setq org-agenda-include-diary t)
@end lisp
-@noindent
@noindent After that, everything will happen automatically. All diary
entries including holidays, anniversaries etc will be included in the
agenda buffer created by Org-mode. @key{SPC}, @key{TAB}, and
@key{RET} can be used from the agenda buffer to jump to the diary
-file, in order to edit existing diary entries. The @kbd{i} command to
+file in order to edit existing diary entries. The @kbd{i} command to
insert new entries for the current date works in the agenda buffer, as
well as the commands @kbd{S}, @kbd{M}, and @kbd{C} to display
Sunrise/Sunset times, show lunar phases and to convert to other
calendars, respectively. @kbd{c} can be used to switch back and forth
between calendar and agenda.
-@node Sorting of agenda items, , Calendar/Diary integration, Weekly/Daily Agenda
-@subsection Sorting of agenda items
-@cindex sorting, of agenda items
-@cindex priorities, of agenda items
-The entries for each day are sorted. The default order is to first
-collect all items containing an explicit time-of-day specification.
-These entries will be shown at the beginning of the list, as a
-@emph{schedule} for the day. After that, items remain grouped in
-categories, in the sequence given by @code{org-agenda-files}. Within
-each category, items are sorted by priority (@pxref{Priorities}).
-
-The priority is a numerical quantity composed of the base priority
-(2000 for priority @samp{A}, 1000 for @samp{B}, and 0 for @samp{C}),
-plus additional increments for overdue scheduled or deadline items.
-
-Sorting can be customized using the variable
-@code{org-agenda-sorting-strategy}.
-
-@node Global TODO list, Matching headline tags, Weekly/Daily Agenda, Agenda Views
-@section The global TODO list
+@node Global TODO list, Matching headline tags, Weekly/Daily agenda, Built-in agenda views
+@subsection The global TODO list
@cindex global TODO list
@cindex TODO list, global
@kindex C-c a t
@item C-c a t
Show the global TODO list. This collects the TODO items from all
-agenda files (@pxref{Agenda Views}) into a single buffer. The buffer is in
+agenda files (@pxref{Agenda views}) into a single buffer. The buffer is in
@code{agenda-mode}, so there are commands to examine and manipulate
the TODO entries directly from that buffer (@pxref{Agenda commands}).
-@xref{Global TODO list}, for more information.
@kindex C-c a T
@item C-c a T
-Like the above, but allow to select a specific TODO keyword. You can
+@cindex TODO keyword matching
+Like the above, but allows selection of a specific TODO keyword. You can
also do this by specifying a prefix argument to @kbd{C-c a t}. With a
@kbd{C-u} prefix you are prompted for a keyword. With a numeric
prefix, the Nth keyword in @code{org-todo-keywords} is selected.
The @kbd{r} key in the agenda buffer regenerates it, and you can give
a prefix argument to this command to change the selected TODO keyword,
for example @kbd{3 r}. If you often need a search for a specific
-keyword, define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).
+keyword, define a custom command for it (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}).@*
+Matching specific TODO keywords can also be done as part of a tags
+search (@pxref{Tag searches}).
@end table
Remote editing of TODO items means that you can change the state of a
TODO entry with a single key press. The commands available in the
TODO list are described in @ref{Agenda commands}.
-@node Matching headline tags, Timeline, Global TODO list, Agenda Views
-@section Matching headline tags
+@cindex sublevels, inclusion into todo list
+Normally the global todo list simply shows all headlines with TODO
+keywords. This list can become very long. There are two ways to keep
+it more compact:
+@itemize @minus
+@item
+Some people view a TODO item that has been @emph{scheduled} for
+execution (@pxref{Time stamps}) as no longer @emph{open}. Configure the
+variable @code{org-agenda-todo-ignore-scheduled} to exclude scheduled
+items from the global TODO list.
+@item
+TODO items may have sublevels to break up the task into subtasks. In
+such cases it may be enough to list only the highest level TODO headline
+and omit the sublevels from the global list. Configure the variable
+@code{org-agenda-todo-list-sublevels} to get this behavior.
+@end itemize
+
+@node Matching headline tags, Timeline, Global TODO list, Built-in agenda views
+@subsection Matching headline tags
@cindex matching, of tags
@cindex tags view
@item C-c a M
Like @kbd{C-c a m}, but only select headlines that are also TODO items
and force checking subitems (see variable
-@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}.
+@code{org-tags-match-list-sublevels}). Matching specific todo keywords
+together with a tags match is also possible, see @ref{Tag searches}.
@end table
The commands available in the tags list are described in @ref{Agenda
commands}.
-@node Timeline, Agenda commands, Matching headline tags, Agenda Views
-@section Timeline for a single file
-@cindex single file summary
-@cindex agenda, for single file
+@node Timeline, Stuck projects, Matching headline tags, Built-in agenda views
+@subsection Timeline for a single file
@cindex timeline, single file
@cindex time-sorted view
-The timeline is not really an agenda view, because it only summarizes
-items from a single Org-mode file. But it also uses the agenda buffer
-and provides similar commands, so we discuss it here. The timeline
-shows all time-stamped items in a single Org-mode file (or the
-selected part of it), in @emph{time-sorted view}. The main purpose of
-this command is to give an overview over events in a project.
+The timeline summarizes all time-stamped items from a single Org-mode
+file in a @emph{time-sorted view}. The main purpose of this command is
+to give an overview over events in a project.
@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-r
-@item C-c C-r
+@kindex C-a a L
+@item C-c a L
Show a time-sorted view of the org file, with all time-stamped items.
When called with a @kbd{C-u} prefix, all unfinished TODO entries
(scheduled or not) are also listed under the current date.
@end table
-@noindent
+@noindent
The commands available in the timeline buffer are listed in
@ref{Agenda commands}.
-@node Agenda commands, , Timeline, Agenda Views
+
+@node Stuck projects, , Timeline, Built-in agenda views
+@subsection Stuck projects
+
+If you are following a system like David Allen's GTD to organize your
+work, one of the ``duties'' you have is a regular review to make sure
+that all projects move along. A @emph{stuck} project is a project that
+has no defined next actions, so it will never show up in the TODO lists
+Org-mode produces. During the review, you need to identify such
+projects and define next actions for them.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c a #
+@item C-c a #
+List projects that are stuck.
+@kindex C-c a !
+@item C-c a !
+Customize the variable @code{org-stuck-projects} to define what a stuck
+project is and how to find it.
+@end table
+
+You almost certainly will have to configure this view before it will
+work for you. The built-in default assumes that all your projects are
+level-2 headlines, and that a project is not stuck if it has at least
+one entry marked with a todo keyword TODO or NEXT or NEXTACTION.
+
+Lets assume that you, in your own way of using Org-mode, identify
+projects with a tag PROJECT, and that you use a todo keyword MAYBE to
+indicate a project that should not be considered yet. Lets further
+assume that the todo keyword DONE marks finished projects, and that NEXT
+and TODO indicate next actions. Finally, the tag @@SHOP indicates
+shopping and is a next action even without the NEXT tag. In this case
+you would start by identifying eligible projects with a tags/todo match
+@samp{+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE}, and then check for TODO, NEXT and @@SHOP in
+the subtree to identify projects that are not stuck. The correct
+customization for this is
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-stuck-projects
+ ("+PROJECT/-MAYBE-DONE" ("NEXT" "TODO") ("@@SHOP")))
+@end lisp
+
+
+@node Presentation and sorting, Agenda commands, Built-in agenda views, Agenda views
+@section Presentation and sorting
+@cindex presentation, of agenda items
+
+Before displaying items in an agenda view, Org-mode visually prepares
+the items and sorts them. Each item occupies a single line. The line
+starts with a @emph{prefix} that contains the @emph{category}
+(@pxref{Categories}) of the item and other important information. You can
+customize the prefix using the option @code{org-agenda-prefix-format}.
+The prefix is followed by a cleaned-up version of the outline headline
+associated with the item.
+
+@menu
+* Categories:: Not all tasks are equal
+* Time-of-day specifications:: How the agenda knows the time
+* Sorting of agenda items:: The order of things
+@end menu
+
+@node Categories, Time-of-day specifications, Presentation and sorting, Presentation and sorting
+@subsection Categories
+
+@cindex category
+The category is a broad label assigned to each agenda item. By default,
+the category is simply derived from the file name, but you can also
+specify it with a special line in the buffer, like this:
+
+@example
+#+CATEGORY: Thesis
+@end example
+
+If there are several such lines in a file, each specifies the category
+for the text below it (but the first category also applies to any text
+before the first CATEGORY line). The display in the agenda buffer looks
+best if the category is not longer than 10 characters.
+
+@node Time-of-day specifications, Sorting of agenda items, Categories, Presentation and sorting
+@subsection Time-of-Day Specifications
+@cindex time-of-day specification
+
+Org-mode checks each agenda item for a time-of-day specification. The
+time can be part of the time stamp that triggered inclusion into the
+agenda, for example as in @w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 19:00>}}. Time
+ranges can be specified with two time stamps, like
+@c
+@w{@samp{<2005-05-10 Tue 20:30>--<2005-05-10 Tue 22:15>}}.
+
+In the headline of the entry itself, a time(range) may also appear as
+plain text (like @samp{12:45} or a @samp{8:30-1pm}. If the agenda
+integrates the Emacs diary (@pxref{Weekly/Daily agenda}), time
+specifications in diary entries are recognized as well.
+
+For agenda display, Org-mode extracts the time and displays it in a
+standard 24 hour format as part of the prefix. The example times in
+the previous paragraphs would end up in the agenda like this:
+
+@example
+ 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
+ 12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
+ 19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
+ 20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
+@end example
+
+@cindex time grid
+If the agenda is in single-day mode, or for the display of today, the
+timed entries are embedded in a time grid, like
+
+@example
+ 8:00...... ------------------
+ 8:30-13:00 Arthur Dent lies in front of the bulldozer
+ 10:00...... ------------------
+ 12:00...... ------------------
+ 12:45...... Ford Prefect arrives and takes Arthur to the pub
+ 14:00...... ------------------
+ 16:00...... ------------------
+ 18:00...... ------------------
+ 19:00...... The Vogon reads his poem
+ 20:00...... ------------------
+ 20:30-22:15 Marwin escorts the Hitchhikers to the bridge
+@end example
+
+The time grid can be turned on and off with the variable
+@code{org-agenda-use-time-grid}, and can be configured with
+@code{org-agenda-time-grid}.
+
+@node Sorting of agenda items, , Time-of-day specifications, Presentation and sorting
+@subsection Sorting of agenda items
+@cindex sorting, of agenda items
+@cindex priorities, of agenda items
+Before being inserted into a view, the items are sorted. How this is
+done depends on the type of view.
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+For the daily/weekly agenda, the items for each day are sorted. The
+default order is to first collect all items containing an explicit
+time-of-day specification. These entries will be shown at the beginning
+of the list, as a @emph{schedule} for the day. After that, items remain
+grouped in categories, in the sequence given by @code{org-agenda-files}.
+Within each category, items are sorted by priority (@pxref{Priorities}),
+which is composed of the base priority (2000 for priority @samp{A}, 1000
+for @samp{B}, and 0 for @samp{C}), plus additional increments for
+overdue scheduled or deadline items.
+@item
+For the TODO list, items remain in the order of categories, but within
+each category, sorting takes place according to priority
+(@pxref{Priorities}).
+@item
+For tags matches, items are not sorted at all, but just appear in the
+sequence in which they are found in the agenda files.
+@end itemize
+
+Sorting can be customized using the variable
+@code{org-agenda-sorting-strategy}.
+
+
+@node Agenda commands, Custom agenda views, Presentation and sorting, Agenda views
@section Commands in the agenda buffer
@cindex commands, in agenda buffer
buffer itself, but commands are provided to show and jump to the
original entry location, and to edit the org-files ``remotely'' from
the agenda buffer. In this way, all information is stored only once,
-and you don't risk that your agenda and note files diverge.
+removing the risk that your agenda and note files may diverge.
Some commands can be executed with mouse clicks on agenda lines. For
the other commands, the cursor needs to be in the desired line.
@table @kbd
@tsubheading{Motion}
+@cindex motion commands in agenda
@kindex n
@item n
Next line (same as @key{up}).
@itemx mouse-1
@itemx @key{TAB}
Go to the original location of the item in another window. Under Emacs
-22, also @kbd{mouse-1} will works for this.
+22, @kbd{mouse-1} will also works for this.
@kindex @key{RET}
@itemx @key{RET}
@item f
Toggle Follow mode. In Follow mode, as you move the cursor through
the agenda buffer, the other window always shows the corresponding
-location in the org file.
+location in the org file. The initial setting for this mode in new
+agenda buffers can be set with the variable
+@code{org-agenda-start-with-follow-mode}.
+
+@kindex b
+@item b
+Display the entire subtree of the current item in an indirect buffer.
+With numerical prefix ARG, go up to this level and then take that tree.
+If ARG is negative, go up that many levels. With @kbd{C-u} prefix, do
+not remove the previously used indirect buffer.
@kindex l
@item l
Toggle Logbook mode. In Logbook mode, entries that where marked DONE while
-logging was on (variable @code{org-log-done}) are shown in the agenda.
+logging was on (variable @code{org-log-done}) are shown in the agenda,
+as are entries that have been clocked on that day.
@tsubheading{Change display}
+@cindex display changing, in agenda
@kindex o
@item o
Delete other windows.
@kindex w
@item w
-Switch to weekly view (7 days displayed together)
+Switch to weekly view (7 days displayed together).
@kindex d
@item d
-Switch to daily view (just one day displayed)
+Switch to daily view (just one day displayed).
@kindex D
@item D
-Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See @ref{Calendar/Diary integration}.
+Toggle the inclusion of diary entries. See @ref{Weekly/Daily agenda}.
@kindex g
@item g
argument is interpreted to create a selective list for a specific TODO
keyword.
+@kindex s
+@item s
+Save all Org-mode buffers in the current Emacs session.
+
@kindex @key{right}
@item @key{right}
Display the following @code{org-agenda-ndays} days. For example, if
Goto today.
@tsubheading{Remote editing}
+@cindex remote editing, from agenda
@item 0-9
Digit argument.
+@cindex undoing remote-editing events
+@cindex remote editing, undo
+@kindex C-_
+@item C-_
+Undo a change due to a remote editing command. The change is undone
+both in the agenda buffer and in the remote buffer.
+
@kindex t
@item t
Change the TODO state of the item, both in the agenda and in the
original org file.
+@kindex C-k
+@item C-k
+Delete the current agenda item along with the entire subtree belonging
+to it in the original Org-mode file. If the text to be deleted remotely
+is longer than one line, the kill needs to be confirmed by the user. See
+variable @code{org-agenda-confirm-kill}.
+
+@kindex $
+@item $
+Archive the subtree corresponding to the current headline.
+
@kindex T
@item T
-Show all tags assiciated with the current item. Because of
+Show all tags associated with the current item. Because of
inheritance, this may be more than the tags listed in the line itself.
@kindex :
@item :
Set tags for the current headline.
+@kindex a
+@item a
+Toggle the ARCHIVE tag for the current headline.
+
@kindex ,
@item ,
Set the priority for the current item. Org-mode prompts for the
is removed from the entry.
@kindex P
-@item p
+@item P
Display weighted priority of current item.
@kindex +
@itemx S-@key{down}
Decrease the priority of the current item.
+@kindex C-c C-s
+@item C-c C-s
+Schedule this item
+
+@kindex C-c C-d
+@item C-c C-d
+Set a deadline for this item.
+
@kindex S-@key{right}
@item S-@key{right}
Change the time stamp associated with the current line by one day into
The key @kbd{>} has been chosen, because it is the same as @kbd{S-.}
on my keyboard.
-@cindex diary entries, creating from agenda
-@kindex i
-@item i
-Insert a new entry into the diary. Prompts for the type of entry
-(day, weekly, monthly, yearly, anniversary, cyclic) and creates a new
-entry in the diary, just like @kbd{i d} etc. would do in the calendar.
-The date is taken from the cursor position.
+@kindex I
+@item I
+Start the clock on the current item. If a clock is running already, it
+is stopped first.
+@kindex O
+@item O
+Stop the previously started clock.
+@kindex X
+@item X
+Cancel the currently running clock.
@tsubheading{Calendar commands}
+@cindex calendar commands, from agenda
@kindex c
@item c
Open the Emacs calendar and move to the date at the agenda cursor.
When in the calendar, compute and show the Org-mode agenda for the
date at the cursor.
+@cindex diary entries, creating from agenda
+@kindex i
+@item i
+Insert a new entry into the diary. Prompts for the type of entry
+(day, weekly, monthly, yearly, anniversary, cyclic) and creates a new
+entry in the diary, just as @kbd{i d} etc. would do in the calendar.
+The date is taken from the cursor position.
+
@kindex M
@item M
-Show the phases of the moon for three month around current date.
+Show the phases of the moon for the three months around current date.
@kindex S
@item S
@item H
Show holidays for three month around the cursor date.
+@c FIXME: This should be a different key.
@kindex C-c C-x C-c
@item C-c C-x C-c
Export a single iCalendar file containing entries from all agenda files.
@tsubheading{Quit and Exit}
@kindex q
@item q
-Quit Agenda, remove the agenda buffer.
+Quit agenda, remove the agenda buffer.
@kindex x
@cindex agenda files, removing buffers
@end table
-@node Exporting, Miscellaneous, Agenda Views, Top
+
+@node Custom agenda views, , Agenda commands, Agenda views
+@section Custom agenda views
+@cindex custom agenda views
+@cindex agenda views, custom
+
+Custom agenda commands serve two purposes: to store and quickly access
+frequently used TODO and tags searches, and to create special composite
+agenda buffers. Custom agenda commands will be accessible through the
+dispatcher (@pxref{Agenda dispatcher}), just like the default commands.
+
+@menu
+* Storing searches:: Type once, use often
+* Block agenda:: All the stuff you need in a single buffer
+* Setting Options:: Changing the rules
+* Batch processing:: Agenda views from the command line
+@end menu
+
+@node Storing searches, Block agenda, Custom agenda views, Custom agenda views
+@subsection Storing searches
+
+The first application of custom searches is the definition of keyboard
+shortcuts for frequently used searches, either creating an agenda
+buffer, or a sparse tree (the latter covering of course only the current
+buffer).
+@kindex C-c a C
+Custom commands are configured in the variable
+@code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. You can customize this variable, for
+example by pressing @kbd{C-c a C}. You can also directly set it with
+Emacs Lisp in @file{.emacs}. The following example contains all valid
+search types:
+
+@lisp
+@group
+(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
+ '(("w" todo "WAITING")
+ ("W" todo-tree "WAITING")
+ ("u" tags "+BOSS-URGENT")
+ ("v" tags-todo "+BOSS-URGENT")
+ ("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT")
+ ("f" occur-tree "\\<FIXME\\>")))
+@end group
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent
+The initial single-character string in each entry defines the character
+you have to press after the dispatcher command @kbd{C-c a} in order to
+access the command. The second parameter is the search type, followed
+by the string or regular expression to be used for the matching. The
+example above will therefore define:
+
+@table @kbd
+@item C-c a w
+as a global search for TODO entries with @samp{WAITING} as the TODO
+keyword
+@item C-c a W
+as the same search, but only in the current buffer and displaying the
+results as a sparse tree
+@item C-c a u
+as a global tags search for headlines marked @samp{:BOSS:} but not
+@samp{:URGENT:}
+@item C-c a v
+as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but limiting the search to
+headlines that are also TODO items
+@item C-c a U
+as the same search as @kbd{C-c a u}, but only in the current buffer and
+displaying the result as a sparse tree
+@item C-c a f
+to create a sparse tree (again: current buffer only) with all entries
+containing the word @samp{FIXME}.
+@end table
+
+@node Block agenda, Setting Options, Storing searches, Custom agenda views
+@subsection Block agenda
+@cindex block agenda
+@cindex agenda, with block views
+
+Another possibility is the construction of agenda views that comprise
+the results of @emph{several} commands, each of which creates a block in
+the agenda buffer. The available commands include @code{agenda} for the
+daily or weekly agenda (as created with @kbd{C-c a a}), @code{alltodo}
+for the global todo list (as constructed with @kbd{C-c a t}), and the
+matching commands discussed above: @code{todo}, @code{tags}, and
+@code{tags-todo}. Here are two examples:
+
+@lisp
+@group
+(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
+ '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
+ ((agenda)
+ (tags-todo "HOME")
+ (tags "GARDEN")))
+ ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
+ ((agenda)
+ (tags-todo "WORK")
+ (tags "OFFICE")))))
+@end group
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent
+This will define @kbd{C-c a h} to create a multi-block view for stuff
+you need to attend to at home. The resulting agenda buffer will contain
+your agenda for the current week, all TODO items that carry the tag
+@samp{HOME}, and also all lines tagged with @samp{GARDEN}. Finally the
+command @kbd{C-c a o} provides a similar view for office tasks.
+
+
+@node Setting Options, Batch processing, Block agenda, Custom agenda views
+@subsection Setting Options for custom commands
+@cindex options, for custom agenda views
+
+Org-mode contains a number of variables regulating agenda construction
+and display. The global variables define the behavior for all agenda
+commands, including the custom commands. However, if you want to change
+some settings just for a single custom view, you can do so. Setting
+options requires inserting a list of variable names and values at the
+right spot in @code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. For example:
+
+@lisp
+@group
+(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
+ '(("w" todo "WAITING"
+ ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))
+ (org-agenda-prefix-format " Mixed: ")))
+ ("U" tags-tree "+BOSS-URGENT"
+ ((org-show-following-heading nil)
+ (org-show-hierarchy-above nil)))))
+@end group
+@end lisp
+
+@noindent
+Now the @kbd{C-c a w} command will sort the collected entries only by
+priority, and the prefix format is modified to just say @samp{ Mixed:}
+instead of giving the category of the entry. The sparse tags tree of
+@kbd{C-c a U} will now turn out ultra-compact, because neither the
+headline hierarchy above the match, nor the headline following the match
+will be shown.
+
+For command sets creating a block agenda,
+@code{org-agenda-custom-commands} has two separate spots for setting
+options. You can add options that should be valid for just a single
+command in the set, and options that should be valid for all commands in
+the set. The former are just added to the command entry, the latter
+must come after the list of command entries. Going back to the block
+agenda example (@pxref{Block agenda}), let's change the sorting strategy
+for the @kbd{C-c a h} commands to @code{priority-down}, but let's sort
+the results for GARDEN tags query in the opposite order,
+@code{priority-up}. This would look like this:
+
+@lisp
+@group
+(setq org-agenda-custom-commands
+ '(("h" "Agenda and Home-related tasks"
+ ((agenda)
+ (tags-todo "HOME")
+ (tags "GARDEN" ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-up)))))
+ ((org-agenda-sorting-strategy '(priority-down))))
+ ("o" "Agenda and Office-related tasks"
+ ((agenda)
+ (tags-todo "WORK")
+ (tags "OFFICE")))))
+@end group
+@end lisp
+
+As you see, the values and parenthesis setting is a little complex.
+When in doubt, use the customize interface to set this variable - it
+fully supports its structure. Just one caveat: When setting options in
+this interface, the @emph{values} are just lisp expressions. So if the
+value is a string, you need to add the double quotes around the value
+yourself.
+
+@node Batch processing, , Setting Options, Custom agenda views
+@subsection Creating agenda views in batch processing
+@cindex agenda, batch production
+
+If you want to print or otherwise reprocess agenda views, it can be
+useful to create an agenda from the command line. This is the purpose
+of the function @code{org-batch-agenda}. It takes as a parameter one of
+the strings that are the keys in @code{org-agenda-custom-commands}. For
+example, to directly print the current TODO list, you could use
+
+@example
+emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -eval '(org-batch-agenda "t")' | lpr
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+You may also modify parameters on the fly like this:
+
+@example
+emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs \
+ -eval '(org-batch-agenda "a" \
+ org-agenda-ndays 300 \
+ org-agenda-include-diary nil \
+ org-agenda-files (quote ("~/org/project.org")))' \
+ | lpr
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+which will produce a 300 day agenda, fully restricted to the Org file
+@file{~/org/projects.org}, not even including the diary.
+
+@node Embedded LaTeX, Exporting, Agenda views, Top
+@chapter Embedded LaTeX
+@cindex @TeX{} interpretation
+@cindex La@TeX{} interpretation
+
+Plain ASCII is normally sufficient for almost all note taking. One
+exception, however, are scientific notes which need to be able to
+contain mathematical symbols and the occasional formula.
+La@TeX{}@footnote{La@TeX{} is a macro system based on Donald E. Knuth's
+@TeX{} system. Many of the features described here as ``La@TeX{}'' are
+really from @TeX{}, but for simplicity I am blurring this distinction.}
+is widely used to typeset scientific documents. Org-mode supports
+embedding La@TeX{} code into its files, because many academics are used
+to read La@TeX{} source code, and because it can be readily processed
+into images for HTML production.
+
+It is not necessary to mark La@TeX{} macros and code in any special way.
+If you observe a few conventions, Org-mode knows how to find it and what
+to do with it.
+
+@menu
+* Math symbols:: TeX macros for symbols and Greek letters
+* Subscripts and Superscripts:: Simple syntax for raising/lowering text
+* LaTeX fragments:: Complex formulas made easy
+* Processing LaTeX fragments:: Previewing LaTeX processing
+* CDLaTeX mode:: Speed up entering of formulas
+@end menu
+
+@node Math symbols, Subscripts and Superscripts, Embedded LaTeX, Embedded LaTeX
+@section Math symbols
+@cindex math symbols
+@cindex TeX macros
+
+You can use La@TeX{} macros to insert special symbols like @samp{\alpha}
+to indicate the Greek letter, or @samp{\to} to indicate an arrow.
+Completion for these macros is available, just type @samp{\} and maybe a
+few letters, and press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to see possible completions.
+Unlike La@TeX{} code, Org-mode allows these macros to be present
+without surrounding math delimiters, for example:
+
+@example
+Angles are written as Greek letters \alpha, \beta and \gamma.
+@end example
+
+During HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), these symbols are translated
+into the proper syntax for HTML, for the above examples this is
+@samp{α} and @samp{→}, respectively.
+
+@node Subscripts and Superscripts, LaTeX fragments, Math symbols, Embedded LaTeX
+@section Subscripts and Superscripts
+@cindex subscript
+@cindex superscript
+
+Just like in La@TeX{}, @samp{^} and @samp{_} are used to indicate super-
+and subscripts. Again, these can be used without embedding them in
+math-mode delimiters. To increase the readability of ASCII text, it is
+not necessary (but OK) to surround multi-character sub- and superscripts
+with curly braces. For example
+
+@example
+The mass if the sun is M_sun = 1.989 x 10^30 kg. The radius of
+the sun is R_@{sun@} = 6.96 x 10^8 m.
+@end example
+
+To avoid interpretation as raised or lowered text, you can quote
+@samp{^} and @samp{_} with a backslash: @samp{\_} and @samp{\^}.
+
+During HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), subscript and superscripts
+are surrounded with @code{<sub>} and @code{<sup>} tags, respectively.
+
+@node LaTeX fragments, Processing LaTeX fragments, Subscripts and Superscripts, Embedded LaTeX
+@section LaTeX fragments
+@cindex LaTeX fragments
+
+With symbols, sub- and superscripts, HTML is pretty much at its end when
+it comes to representing mathematical formulas@footnote{Yes, there is
+MathML, but that is not yet fully supported by many browsers, and there
+is no decent converter for turning LaTeX of ASCII representations of
+formulas into MathML. So for the time being, converting formulas into
+images seems the way to go.}. More complex
+expressions need a dedicated formula processor. To this end, Org-mode
+can contain arbitrary La@TeX{} fragments. It provides commands to
+preview the typeset result of these fragments, and upon export to HTML,
+all fragments will be converted to images and inlined into the HTML
+document. For this to work you need to be on a system with a working
+La@TeX{} installation. You also need the @file{dvipng} program,
+available at @url{http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvipng/}.
+
+La@TeX{} fragments don't need any special marking at all. The following
+snippets will be identified as LaTeX source code:
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Environments of any kind. The only requirement is that the
+@code{\begin} statement appears on a new line, preceded by only
+whitespace.
+@item
+Text within the usual La@TeX{} math delimiters. To avoid conflicts with
+currency specifications, single @samp{$} characters are only recognized
+as math delimiters if the enclosed text contains at most two line breaks,
+is directly attached to the @samp{$} characters with no whitespace in
+between, and if the closing @samp{$} is followed by whitespace or
+punctuation. For the other delimiters, there is no such restriction, so
+when in doubt, use @samp{\(...\)} as inline math delimiters.
+@end itemize
+
+@noindent For example:
+
+@example
+\begin@{equation@} % arbitrary environments,
+x=\sqrt@{b@} % even tables, figures
+\end@{equation@} % etc
+
+If $a^2=b$ and \( b=2 \), then the solution must be
+either $$ a=+\sqrt@{2@} $$ or \[ a=-\sqrt@{2@} \].
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+If you need any of the delimiter ASCII sequences for other purposes, you
+can configure the option @code{org-format-latex-options} to deselect the
+ones you do not wish to have interpreted by the La@TeX{} converter.
+
+@node Processing LaTeX fragments, CDLaTeX mode, LaTeX fragments, Embedded LaTeX
+@section Processing LaTeX fragments
+@cindex LaTeX fragments, preview
+
+La@TeX{} fragments can be processed to produce a preview images of the
+typeset expressions:
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x C-l
+@item C-c C-x C-l
+Produce a preview image of the La@TeX{} fragment at point and overlay it
+over the source code. If there is no fragment at point, process all
+fragments in the current entry (between two headlines). When called
+with a prefix argument, process the entire subtree. When called with
+two prefix arguments, or when the cursor is before the first headline,
+process the entire buffer.
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@item C-c C-c
+Remove the overlay preview images.
+@end table
+
+During HTML export (@pxref{HTML export}), all La@TeX{} fragments are
+converted into images and inlined into the document if the following
+setting is active:
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments t)
+@end lisp
+
+@node CDLaTeX mode, , Processing LaTeX fragments, Embedded LaTeX
+@section Using CDLaTeX to enter math
+@cindex CDLaTeX
+
+CDLaTeX-mode is a minor mode that is normally used in combination with a
+major LaTeX mode like AUCTeX in order to speed-up insertion of
+environments and math templates. Inside Org-mode, you can make use of
+some of the features of cdlatex-mode. You need to install
+@file{cdlatex.el} and @file{texmathp.el} (the latter comes also with
+AUCTeX) from @url{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/cdlatex}.
+Don't turn cdlatex-mode itself under Org-mode, but use the light
+version @code{org-cdlatex-mode} that comes as part of Org-mode. Turn it
+on for the current buffer with @code{M-x org-cdlatex-mode}, or for all
+Org-mode files with
+
+@lisp
+(add-hook 'org-mode-hook 'turn-on-org-cdlatex)
+@end lisp
+
+When this mode is enabled, the following features are present (for more
+details see the documentation of cdlatex-mode):
+@itemize @bullet
+@kindex C-c @{
+@item
+Environment templates can be inserted with @kbd{C-c @{}.
+@item
+@kindex @key{TAB}
+The @key{TAB} key will do template expansion if the cursor is inside a
+LaTeX fragment@footnote{Org-mode has a method to test if the cursor is
+inside such a fragment, see the documentation of the function
+@code{org-inside-LaTeX-fragment-p}.}. For example, @key{TAB} will
+expand @code{fr} to @code{\frac@{@}@{@}} and position the cursor
+correctly inside the first brace. Another @key{TAB} will get you into
+the second brace. Even outside fragments, @key{TAB} will expand
+environment abbreviations at the beginning of a line. For example, if
+you write @samp{equ} at the beginning of a line and press @key{TAB},
+this abbreviation will be expanded to an @code{equation} environment.
+To get a list of all abbreviations, type @kbd{M-x cdlatex-command-help}.
+@item
+@kindex _
+@kindex ^
+Pressing @kbd{_} and @kbd{^} inside a LaTeX fragment will insert these
+characters together with a pair of braces. If you use @key{TAB} to move
+out of the braces, and if the braces surround only a single character or
+macro, they are removed again (depending on the variable
+@code{cdlatex-simplify-sub-super-scripts}).
+@item
+@kindex `
+Pressing the backquote @kbd{`} followed by a character inserts math
+macros, also outside LaTeX fragments. If you wait more than 1.5 seconds
+after the backquote, a help window will pop up.
+@item
+@kindex '
+Pressing the normal quote @kbd{'} followed by another character modifies
+the symbol before point with an accent or a font. If you wait more than
+1.5 seconds after the backquote, a help window will pop up. Character
+modification will work only inside La@TeX{} fragments, outside the quote
+is normal.
+@end itemize
+
+@node Exporting, Publishing, Embedded LaTeX, Top
@chapter Exporting
@cindex exporting
-For printing and sharing of notes, Org-mode documents can be exported
-as ASCII or HTML files. To incorporate entries with associated times
-like deadlines or appointments into a desktop calendar program like
-iCal, Org-mode can also produce extracts in the iCalendar format.
+Org-mode documents can be exported into a variety of other formats. For
+printing and sharing of notes, ASCII export produces a readable and
+simple version of an Org-mode file. HTML export allows you to publish a
+notes file on the web, while the XOXO format provides a solid base for
+exchange with a broad range of other applications. To incorporate
+entries with associated times like deadlines or appointments into a
+desktop calendar program like iCal, Org-mode can also produce extracts
+in the iCalendar format. Currently Org-mode only supports export, not
+import of these different formats.
+
+When exporting, Org-mode uses special conventions to enrich the output
+produced. @xref{Text interpretation}, for more details.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-e
+@item C-c C-e
+Dispatcher for export and publishing commands. Displays a help-window
+listing the additional key(s) needed to launch an export or publishing
+command.
+@end table
@menu
-* ASCII export:: Export as a structured ASCII file
-* HTML export:: Export as an HTML file
-* iCalendar export:: Create calendar entries.
+* ASCII export:: Exporting to plain ASCII
+* HTML export:: Exporting to HTML
+* XOXO export:: Exporting to XOXO
+* iCalendar export:: Exporting in iCalendar format
+* Text interpretation:: How the exporter looks at the file
@end menu
@node ASCII export, HTML export, Exporting, Exporting
@section ASCII export
@cindex ASCII export
+ASCII export produces a simple and very readable version of an Org-mode
+file.
+
@cindex region, active
@cindex active region
@cindex transient-mark-mode
@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-x a
-@item C-c C-x a
+@kindex C-c C-e a
+@item C-c C-e a
Export as ASCII file. If there is an active region, only the region
will be exported. For an org file @file{myfile.org}, the ASCII file
will be @file{myfile.txt}. The file will be overwritten without
warning.
+@kindex C-c C-e v a
+@item C-c C-e v a
+Export only the visible part of the document.
@end table
@cindex headline levels, for exporting
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
-will be exported as itemize lists. If you want that transition to occur
+will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to occur
at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For example,
+
@example
-@kbd{C-1 C-c C-x a org-export-as-ascii}
+@kbd{C-1 C-c C-e a}
@end example
-@noindent
-creates only top level headlines and does the rest as items. Lines
-starting with @samp{#} and subtrees starting with the word @samp{COMMENT}
-will not be exported.
-@node HTML export, iCalendar export, ASCII export, Exporting
+@noindent
+creates only top level headlines and does the rest as items. When
+headlines are converted to items, the indentation of the text following
+the headline is changed to fit nicely under the item. This is done with
+the assumption that the first bodyline indicates the base indentation of
+the body text. Any indentation larger than this is adjusted to preserve
+the layout relative to the first line. Should there be lines with less
+indentation than the first, these are left alone.
+
+@node HTML export, XOXO export, ASCII export, Exporting
@section HTML export
@cindex HTML export
-Org-mode contains an HTML exporter with extensive HTML formatting, in
-ways similar to John Grubers @emph{markdown} language, but with
-additional support for tables.
+Org-mode contains an HTML (XHTML 1.0 strict) exporter with extensive
+HTML formatting, in ways similar to John Grubers @emph{markdown}
+language, but with additional support for tables.
+
+@menu
+* Export commands:: How to invode HTML export
+* Quoting HTML tags:: Using direct HTML in Org-mode
+* Links:: How hyperlinks get transferred to HTML
+* Images:: To inline or not to inline?
+* CSS support:: Style specifications
+@end menu
+
+@node Export commands, Quoting HTML tags, HTML export, HTML export
+@subsection HTML export commands
@cindex region, active
@cindex active region
@cindex transient-mark-mode
@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-x h
-@item C-c C-x h
+@kindex C-c C-e h
+@item C-c C-e h
Export as HTML file @file{myfile.html}.
-@kindex C-c C-x b
-@item C-c C-x b
+@kindex C-c C-e b
+@item C-c C-e b
Export as HTML file and open it with a browser.
-@kindex C-c C-x t
-@item C-c C-x t
-Insert template with export options, see below.
-@kindex C-c :
-@item C-c :
-Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
+@kindex C-c C-e v h
+@kindex C-c C-e v b
+@item C-c C-e v h
+@item C-c C-e v b
+Export only the visible part of the document.
@end table
@cindex headline levels, for exporting
In the exported version, the first 3 outline levels will become
headlines, defining a general document structure. Additional levels
-will be exported as itemize lists. If you want that transition to occur
+will be exported as itemized lists. If you want that transition to occur
at a different level, specify it with a prefix argument. For example,
+
@example
-@kbd{C-2 C-c C-x b}
+@kbd{C-2 C-c C-e b}
@end example
+
@noindent
creates two levels of headings and does the rest as items.
+@node Quoting HTML tags, Links, Export commands, HTML export
+@subsection Quoting HTML tags
+
+Plain @samp{<} and @samp{>} are always transformed to @samp{<} and
+@samp{>} in HTML export. If you want to include simple HTML tags
+which should be interpreted as such, mark them with @samp{@@} as in
+@samp{@@<b>bold text@@</b>}. Note that this really works only for
+simple tags. For more extensive HTML that should be copied verbatim to
+the exported file use either
+
+@example
+#+HTML: Literal HTML code for export
+@end example
+
+@noindent or
+
+@example
+#+BEGIN_HTML
+All lines between these markers are exported literally
+#+END_HTML
+@end example
+
+
+@node Links, Images, Quoting HTML tags, HTML export
+@subsection Links
+
+@cindex links, in HTML export
+@cindex internal links, in HTML export
+@cindex external links, in HTML export
+Internal links (@pxref{Internal links}) will continue to work in HTML
+files only if they match a dedicated @samp{<<target>>}. Automatic links
+created by radio targets (@pxref{Radio targets}) will also work in the
+HTML file. Links to external files will still work if the HTML file is
+in the same directory as the Org-mode file. Links to other @file{.org}
+files will be translated into HTML links under the assumption that an
+HTML version also exists of the linked file. For information related to
+linking files while publishing them to a publishing directory see
+@ref{Publishing links}.
+
+@node Images, CSS support, Links, HTML export
+@subsection Images
+
+@cindex images, inline in HTML
+@cindex inlining images in HTML
+HTML export can inline images given as links in the Org-mode file, and
+it can make an image the clickable part of a link. By
+default@footnote{but see the variable
+@code{org-export-html-inline-images}}, images are inlined if a link does
+not have a description. So @samp{[[file:myimg.jpg]]} will be inlined,
+while @samp{[[file:myimg.jpg][the image]]} will just produce a link
+@samp{the image} that points to the image. If the description part
+itself is a @code{file:} link or a @code{http:} URL pointing to an
+image, this image will be inlined and activated so that clicking on the
+image will activate the link. For example, to include a thumbnail that
+will link to a high resolution version of the image, you could use:
+
+@example
+[[file:highres.jpg][file:thumb.jpg]]
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+and you could use @code{http} addresses just as well.
+
+@node CSS support, , Images, HTML export
+@subsection CSS support
+
+You can also give style information for the exported file. The HTML
+exporter assigns the following CSS classes to appropriate parts of the
+document - your style specifications may change these:
+@example
+.todo @r{TODO keywords}
+.done @r{the DONE keyword}
+.timestamp @r{time stamp}
+.timestamp-kwd @r{keyword associated with a time stamp, like SCHEDULED}
+.tag @r{tag in a headline}
+.target @r{target for links}
+@end example
+
+The default style specification can be configured through the option
+@code{org-export-html-style}. If you want to use a file-local style,
+you may use file variables, best wrapped into a COMMENT section at the
+end of the outline tree. For example@footnote{Under Emacs 21, the
+continuation lines for a variable value should have no @samp{#} at the
+start of the line.}:
+
+@example
+* COMMENT html style specifications
+
+# Local Variables:
+# org-export-html-style: " <style type=\"text/css\">
+# p @{font-weight: normal; color: gray; @}
+# h1 @{color: black; @}
+# </style>"
+# End:
+@end example
+
+Remember to execute @kbd{M-x normal-mode} after changing this to make
+the new style visible to Emacs. This command restarts org-mode for the
+current buffer and forces Emacs to re-evaluate the local variables
+section in the buffer.
+
+@c FIXME: More about header and footer styles
+@c FIXME: Talk about links and targets.
+
+@node XOXO export, iCalendar export, HTML export, Exporting
+@section XOXO export
+@cindex XOXO export
+
+Org-mode contains an exporter that produces XOXO-style output.
+Currently, this exporter only handles the general outline structure and
+does not interpret any additional Org-mode features.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-e x
+@item C-c C-e x
+Export as XOXO file @file{myfile.html}.
+@kindex C-c C-e v
+@item C-c C-e v x
+Export only the visible part of the document.
+@end table
+
+@node iCalendar export, Text interpretation, XOXO export, Exporting
+@section iCalendar export
+@cindex iCalendar export
+
+Some people like to use Org-mode for keeping track of projects, but
+still prefer a standard calendar application for anniversaries and
+appointments. In this case it can be useful to have deadlines and
+other time-stamped items in Org-mode files show up in the calendar
+application. Org-mode can export calendar information in the standard
+iCalendar format. If you also want to have TODO entries included in the
+export, configure the variable @code{org-icalendar-include-todo}.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-e i
+@item C-c C-e i
+Create iCalendar entries for the current file and store them in the same
+directory, using a file extension @file{.ics}.
+@kindex C-c C-e I
+@item C-c C-e I
+Like @kbd{C-c C-e i}, but do this for all files in
+@code{org-agenda-files}. For each of these files, a separate iCalendar
+file will be written.
+@kindex C-c C-e c
+@item C-c C-e c
+Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in
+@code{org-agenda-files} and write it to the file given by
+@code{org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file}.
+@end table
+
+How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the application
+you are using. The FAQ covers this issue.
+
+
+@node Text interpretation, , iCalendar export, Exporting
+@section Text interpretation by the exporter
+
+The exporter backends interpret additional structure in the Org-mode file
+in order to produce better output.
+
@menu
-* HTML formatting:: Interpretation of the buffer content
-* Export options:: How to influence exports
-* Comment lines:: Lines which will not be exported
+* Comment lines:: Some lines will not be exported
+* Enhancing text:: Subscripts, symbols and more
+* Export options:: How to influence the export settings
@end menu
-@node HTML formatting, Export options, HTML export, HTML export
-@subsection HTML formatting
+@node Comment lines, Enhancing text, Text interpretation, Text interpretation
+@subsection Comment lines
+@cindex comment lines
+@cindex exporting, not
+
+Lines starting with @samp{#} in column zero are treated as comments
+and will never be exported. Also entire subtrees starting with the
+word @samp{COMMENT} will never be exported. Finally, any text before
+the first headline will not be exported either.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c ;
+@item C-c ;
+Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry.
+@end table
+
+@node Enhancing text, Export options, Comment lines, Text interpretation
+@subsection Enhancing text for export
+@cindex enhancing text
+@cindex richer text
-Not all text is transferred literally to the exported HTML file. The
-exporter implements the following interpretation:
+Some of the export backends of Org-mode allow for sophisticated text
+formatting, this is true in particular for the HTML backend. Org-mode
+has a number of typing conventions that allow to produce a richly
+formatted output.
@itemize @bullet
@cindex hand-formatted lists
@cindex lists, hand-formatted
@item
-Hand-formatted lists with @samp{-}, @samp{*} or @samp{+} as
-bullet, or with @samp{1.} or @samp{2)} as enumerator will be recognized and
-transformed into HTML lists. See @xref{Plain Lists}.
+Plain lists @samp{-}, @samp{*} or @samp{+} as bullet, or with @samp{1.}
+or @samp{2)} as enumerator will be recognized and transformed if the
+backend supports lists. See @xref{Plain lists}.
@cindex underlined text
@cindex bold text
@cindex italic text
@item
-You can make words @b{*bold*}, @i{/italic/}, and _underlined_
+You can make words @b{*bold*}, @i{/italic/}, _underlined_,
+@code{=code=}, and @samp{+strikethrough+}.
-@cindex @TeX{} interpretation
+@cindex horizontal rules, in exported files
@item
-Simple @TeX{}-like math constructs are interpreted:
+A line consisting of only dashes, and at least 5 of them, will be
+exported as a horizontal line (@samp{<hr/>} in HTML).
-@cindex completion, of @TeX{} symbols
-@itemize @minus
-@item
-@samp{10^22} and @samp{J_n} are super- and subscripts. You can quote
-@samp{^} and @samp{_} with a backslash: @samp{\_} and @samp{\^}
+@cindex LaTeX fragments, export
+@cindex TeX macros, export
@item
-@samp{\alpha} indicates a Greek letter, @samp{\to} an arrow. You can
-use completion for these macros, just type @samp{\} and maybe a few
-letters, and press @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} to see possible completions.
-@end itemize
+Many @TeX{} macros and entire La@TeX{} fragments are converted into HTML
+entities or images (@pxref{Embedded LaTeX}).
-@cindex tables, export to HTML
+@cindex tables, export
@item
-Tables are transformed into HTML tables. Data fields before the first
-horizontal separator line will be formatted as table header fields.
+Tables are transformed into native tables under the exporter, if the
+export backend supports this. Data fields before the first horizontal
+separator line will be formatted as table header fields.
@cindex fixed width
@item
headline will be typeset as fixed-width, to allow quoting of computer
codes etc. Lines starting with @samp{:} are also typeset in
fixed-width font.
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c :
+@item C-c :
+Toggle fixed-width for entry (QUOTE) or region, see below.
+@end table
-@cindex HTML tags
-@item
-If you want to include HTML tags which should be interpreted as such,
-mark them with a @samp{@@} like in @samp{@@<b>bold text@@</b>}.
-Plain @samp{<} and @samp{>} are always transformed to @samp{<} and
-@samp{>} in HTML export.
+@cindex linebreak, forced
+@item
+A double backslash @emph{at the end of a line} enforces a line break at
+this position.
@end itemize
If these conversions conflict with your habits of typing ASCII text,
-they can all be turned off with corresponding variables.
+they can all be turned off with corresponding variables (see the
+customization group @code{org-export-general}, and the following section
+which explains how to set export options with special lines in a
+buffer.
-@node Export options, Comment lines, HTML formatting, HTML export
+
+@node Export options, , Enhancing text, Text interpretation
@subsection Export options
@cindex options, for export
The exporter recognizes special lines in the buffer which provide
additional information. These lines may be put anywhere in the file.
The whole set of lines can be inserted into the buffer with @kbd{C-c
-C-x t}. For individual lines, a good way to make sure the keyword is
+C-e t}. For individual lines, a good way to make sure the keyword is
correct is to type @samp{#+} and then use @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} completion
(@pxref{Completion}).
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-e t
+@item C-c C-e t
+Insert template with export options, see example below.
+@end table
+
@example
#+TITLE: the title to be shown (default is the buffer name)
#+AUTHOR: the author (default taken from @code{user-full-name})
#+LANGUAGE: language for HTML, e.g. @samp{en} (@code{org-export-default-language})
#+TEXT: Some descriptive text to be inserted at the beginning.
#+TEXT: Several lines may be given.
-#+OPTIONS: H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t *:nil TeX:t
+#+OPTIONS: H:2 num:t toc:t \n:nil @@:t ::t |:t ^:t *:nil TeX:t LaTeX:t
@end example
+
@noindent
The OPTIONS line is a compact form to specify export settings. Here
-you can
+you can:
@cindex headline levels
@cindex section-numbers
@cindex table of contents
@cindex linebreak preservation
-@cindex quoted html tags
+@cindex quoted HTML tags
@cindex fixed-width sections
@cindex tables
@cindex @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts
@cindex emphasized text
@cindex @TeX{} macros
+@cindex La@TeX{} fragments
@example
H: @r{set the number of headline levels for export}
num: @r{turn on/off section-numbers}
-toc: @r{turn on/off table of contents}
+toc: @r{turn on/off table of contents, or set level limit (integer)}
\n: @r{turn on/off linebreak-preservation}
-@@: @r{turn on/off quoted html tags}
+@@: @r{turn on/off quoted HTML tags}
:: @r{turn on/off fixed-width sections}
|: @r{turn on/off tables}
^: @r{turn on/off @TeX{}-like syntax for sub- and superscripts.}
*: @r{turn on/off emphasized text (bold, italic, underlined)}
-TeX: @r{turn on/off @TeX{} macros}
+TeX: @r{turn on/off simple @TeX{} macros in plain text}
+LaTeX: @r{turn on/off La@TeX{} fragments}
@end example
-You can also give style information for the exported file. The
-default specification can be configured through the option
-@code{org-export-html-style}. If you want to use a file-local style,
-you may use file variables, best wrapped into a COMMENT section at the
-end of the outline tree. For example:
+@node Publishing, Miscellaneous, Exporting, Top
+@chapter Publishing
+@cindex publishing
-@example
-* COMMENT HTML style specifications
+Org-mode includes@footnote{@file{org-publish.el} is not yet part of
+Emacs, so if you are using @file{org.el} as it comes with Emacs, you
+need to download this file separately. Also make sure org.el is at
+least version 4.27.} a publishing management system
+that allows you to configure automatic HTML conversion of
+@emph{projects} composed of interlinked org files. This system is
+called @emph{org-publish}. You can also configure org-publish to
+automatically upload your exported HTML pages and related attachments,
+such as images and source code files, to a web server. Org-publish turns
+org-mode into a web-site authoring tool.
-# Local Variables:
-# org-export-html-style: " <style type=\"text/css\">
- p @{font-weight: normal; color: gray; @}
- h1 @{color: black; @}
- </style>"
-# End: ***
-@end example
+Org-publish has been contributed to Org-mode by David O'Toole.
-Remember to execute @kbd{M-x normal-mode} after changing this to make
-the new style visible to Emacs.
+@menu
+* Configuration:: Defining projects
+* Sample configuration:: Example projects
+* Triggering publication:: Publication commands
+@end menu
-@node Comment lines, , Export options, HTML export
-@subsection Comment lines
-@cindex comment lines
-@cindex exporting, not
+@node Configuration, Sample configuration, Publishing, Publishing
+@section Configuration
-Lines starting with @samp{#} in column zero are treated as comments
-and will never be exported. Also entire subtrees starting with the
-word @samp{COMMENT} will never be exported. Finally, any text before
-the first headline will not be exported either. This applies also for
-ASCII export.
+Publishing needs significant configuration to specify files, destination
+and many other properties of a project.
-@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c ;
-@item C-c ;
-Toggle the COMMENT keyword at the beginning of an entry.
-@end table
+@menu
+* Project alist:: The central configuration variable
+* Sources and destinations:: From here to there
+* Selecting files:: What files are part of the project?
+* Publishing action:: Setting the function doing the publishing
+* Publishing options:: Tweaking HTML export
+* Publishing links:: Which links keep working after publishing?
+* Project page index:: Publishing a list of project files
+@end menu
-@node iCalendar export, , HTML export, Exporting
-@section iCalendar export
-@cindex iCalendar export
+@node Project alist, Sources and destinations, Configuration, Configuration
+@subsection The variable @code{org-publish-project-alist}
+@cindex org-publish-project-alist
+@cindex projects, for publishing
-Some people like to use Org-mode for keeping track of projects, but
-still prefer a standard calendar application for anniversaries and
-appointments. In this case it can be useful to have deadlines and
-other time-stamped items in Org-mode files show up in the calendar
-application. Org-mode can export calendar information in the standard
-iCalendar format.
+Org-publish is configured almost entirely through setting the value of
+one variable, called @code{org-publish-project-alist}.
+Each element of the list configures one project, and may be in one of
+the two following forms:
-@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-x i
-@item C-c C-x i
-Create iCalendar entries for the current file and store them in the same
-directory, using a file extension @file{.ics}.
-@kindex C-c C-x C-i
-@item C-c C-x C-i
-Like @kbd{C-c C-x i}, but do this for all files in
-@code{org-agenda-files}. For each of these files, a separate iCalendar
-file will be written.
-@kindex C-c C-x c
-@item C-c C-x c
-Create a single large iCalendar file from all files in
-@code{org-agenda-files} and write it to the file given by
-@code{org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file}.
+@lisp
+("project-name" :property value :property value ...)
+
+@r{or}
+
+("project-name" :components ("project-name" "project-name" ...))
+
+@end lisp
+
+In both cases, projects are configured by specifying property values.
+A project defines the set of files that will be published, as well as
+the publishing configuration to use when publishing those files. When
+a project takes the second form listed above, the individual members
+of the ``components'' property are taken to be components of the
+project, which group together files requiring different publishing
+options. When you publish such a ``meta-project'' all the components
+will also publish.
+
+@node Sources and destinations, Selecting files, Project alist, Configuration
+@subsection Sources and destinations for files
+@cindex directories, for publishing
+
+Most properties are optional, but some should always be set. In
+particular, org-publish needs to know where to look for source files,
+and where to put published files.
+
+@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7
+@item @code{:base-directory}
+@tab Directory containing publishing source files
+@item @code{:publishing-directory}
+@tab Directory (possibly remote) where output files will be published.
+@item @code{:preparation-function}
+@tab Function called before starting publishing process, for example to
+run @code{make} for updating files to be published.
+@end multitable
+@noindent
+
+@node Selecting files, Publishing action, Sources and destinations, Configuration
+@subsection Selecting files
+@cindex files, selecting for publishing
+
+By default, all files with extension @file{.org} in the base directory
+are considered part of the project. This can be modified by setting the
+properties
+@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75
+@item @code{:base-extension}
+@tab Extension (without the dot!) of source files. This actually is a
+regular expression.
+
+@item @code{:exclude}
+@tab Regular expression to match file names that should not be
+published, even though they have been selected on the basis of their
+extension.
+
+@item @code{:include}
+@tab List of files to be included regardless of @code{:base-extension}
+and @code{:exclude}.
+@end multitable
+
+@node Publishing action, Publishing options, Selecting files, Configuration
+@subsection Publishing Action
+@cindex action, for publishing
+
+Publishing means that a file is copied to the destination directory and
+possibly transformed in the process. The default transformation is to
+export Org-mode files as HTML files, and this is done by the function
+@code{org-publish-org-to-html} which calls the HTML exporter
+(@pxref{HTML export}). Other files like images only need to be copied
+to the publishing destination. For non-Org-mode files, you need to
+specify the publishing function.
+
+@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7
+@item @code{:publishing-function}
+@tab Function executing the publication of a file. This may also be a
+list of functions, which will all be called in turn.
+@end multitable
+
+The function must accept two arguments: a property list containing at
+least a @code{:publishing-directory} property, and the name of the file
+to be published. It should take the specified file, make the necessary
+transformation (if any) and place the result into the destination folder.
+You can write your own publishing function, but @code{org-publish}
+provides one for attachments (files that only need to be copied):
+@code{org-publish-attachment}.
+
+@node Publishing options, Publishing links, Publishing action, Configuration
+@subsection Options for the HTML exporter
+@cindex options, for publishing
+
+The property list can be used to set many export options for the HTML
+exporter. In most cases, these properties correspond to user variables
+in Org-mode. The table below lists these properties along with the
+variable they belong to. See the documentation string for the
+respective variable for details.
+
+@multitable @columnfractions 0.3 0.7
+@item @code{:language} @tab @code{org-export-default-language}
+@item @code{:headline-levels} @tab @code{org-export-headline-levels}
+@item @code{:section-numbers} @tab @code{org-export-with-section-numbers}
+@item @code{:table-of-contents} @tab @code{org-export-with-toc}
+@item @code{:archived-trees} @tab @code{org-export-with-archived-trees}
+@item @code{:emphasize} @tab @code{org-export-with-emphasize}
+@item @code{:sub-superscript} @tab @code{org-export-with-sub-superscripts}
+@item @code{:TeX-macros} @tab @code{org-export-with-TeX-macros}
+@item @code{:LaTeX-fragments} @tab @code{org-export-with-LaTeX-fragments}
+@item @code{:fixed-width} @tab @code{org-export-with-fixed-width}
+@item @code{:timestamps} .@tab @code{org-export-with-timestamps}
+@item @code{:tags} .@tab @code{org-export-with-tags}
+@item @code{:tables} @tab @code{org-export-with-tables}
+@item @code{:table-auto-headline} @tab @code{org-export-highlight-first-table-line}
+@item @code{:style} @tab @code{org-export-html-style}
+@item @code{:convert-org-links} @tab @code{org-export-html-link-org-files-as-html}
+@item @code{:inline-images} @tab @code{org-export-html-inline-images}
+@item @code{:expand-quoted-html} @tab @code{org-export-html-expand}
+@item @code{:timestamp} @tab @code{org-export-html-with-timestamp}
+@item @code{:publishing-directory} @tab @code{org-export-publishing-directory}
+@item @code{:preamble} @tab @code{org-export-html-preamble}
+@item @code{:postamble} @tab @code{org-export-html-postamble}
+@item @code{:auto-preamble} @tab @code{org-export-html-auto-preamble}
+@item @code{:auto-postamble} @tab @code{org-export-html-auto-postamble}
+@item @code{:author} @tab @code{user-full-name}
+@item @code{:email} @tab @code{user-mail-address}
+@end multitable
+
+When a property is given a value in org-publish-project-alist, its
+setting overrides the value of the corresponding user variable (if any)
+during publishing. options set within a file (@pxref{Export
+options}), however, override everything.
+
+@node Publishing links, Project page index, Publishing options, Configuration
+@subsection Links between published files
+@cindex links, publishing
+
+To create a link from one Org-mode file to another, you would use
+something like @samp{[[file:foo.org][The foo]]} or simply
+@samp{file:foo.org.} (@pxref{Hyperlinks}). Upon publishing this link
+becomes a link to @file{foo.html}. In this way, you can interlink the
+pages of your "org web" project and the links will work as expected when
+you publish them to HTML.
+
+You may also link to related files, such as images. Provided you are
+careful with relative pathnames, and provided you have also configured
+org-publish to upload the related files, these links will work
+too. @ref{Complex example} for an example of this usage.
+
+Sometime an Org-mode file to be published may contain links that are
+only valid in your production environment, but not in the publishing
+location. In this case, use the property
+
+@multitable @columnfractions 0.4 0.6
+@item @code{:link-validation-function}
+@tab Function to validate links
+@end multitable
+
+@noindent
+to define a function for checking link validity. This function must
+accept two arguments, the file name and a directory relative to which
+the file name is interpreted in the production environment. If this
+function returns @code{nil}, then the HTML generator will only insert a
+description into the HTML file, but no link. One option for this
+function is @code{org-publish-validate-link} which checks if the given
+file is part of any project in @code{org-publish-project-alist}.
+
+@node Project page index, , Publishing links, Configuration
+@subsection Project page index
+@cindex index, of published pages
+
+The following properties may be used to control publishing of an
+index of files or summary page for a given project.
+
+@multitable @columnfractions 0.25 0.75
+@item @code{:auto-index}
+@tab When non-nil, publish an index during org-publish-current-project or
+org-publish-all.
+
+@item @code{:index-filename}
+@tab Filename for output of index. Defaults to @file{index.org} (which
+becomes @file{index.html}).
+
+@item @code{:index-title}
+@tab Title of index page. Defaults to name of file.
+
+@item @code{:index-function}
+@tab Plugin function to use for generation of index.
+Defaults to @code{org-publish-org-index}, which generates a plain list
+of links to all files in the project.
+@end multitable
+
+@node Sample configuration, Triggering publication, Configuration, Publishing
+@section Sample configuration
+
+Below we provide two example configurations. The first one is a simple
+project publishing only a set of Org-mode files. The second example is
+more complex, with a multi-component project.
+
+@menu
+* Simple example:: One-component publishing
+* Complex example:: A multi-component publishing example
+@end menu
+
+@node Simple example, Complex example, Sample configuration, Sample configuration
+@subsection Example: simple publishing configuration
+
+This example publishes a set of Org-mode files to the @file{public_html}
+directory on the local machine.
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-publish-project-alist
+ '(("org"
+ :base-directory "~/org/"
+ :publishing-directory "~/public_html"
+ :section-numbers nil
+ :table-of-contents nil
+ :style "<link rel=stylesheet
+ href=\"../other/mystyle.css\"
+ type=\"text/css\">")))
+@end lisp
+
+@node Complex example, , Simple example, Sample configuration
+@subsection Example: complex publishing configuration
+
+This more complicated example publishes an entire website, including
+org files converted to HTML, image files, emacs lisp source code, and
+stylesheets. The publishing-directory is remote and private files are
+excluded.
+
+To ensure that links are preserved, care should be taken to replicate
+your directory structure on the web server, and to use relative file
+paths. For example, if your org files are kept in @file{~/org} and your
+publishable images in @file{~/images}, you'd link to an image with
+@c
+@example
+file:../images/myimage.png
+@end example
+@c
+On the web server, the relative path to the image should be the
+same. You can accomplish this by setting up an "images" folder in the
+right place on the webserver, and publishing images to it.
+
+@lisp
+(setq org-publish-project-alist
+ '(("orgfiles"
+ :base-directory "~/org/"
+ :base-extension "org"
+ :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/notebook/"
+ :publishing-function org-publish-org-to-html
+ :exclude "PrivatePage.org" ;; regexp
+ :headline-levels 3
+ :section-numbers nil
+ :table-of-contents nil
+ :style "<link rel=stylesheet
+ href=\"../other/mystyle.css\" type=\"text/css\">"
+ :auto-preamble t
+ :auto-postamble nil)
+
+ ("images"
+ :base-directory "~/images/"
+ :base-extension "jpg\\|gif\\|png"
+ :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/images/"
+ :publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
+
+ ("other"
+ :base-directory "~/other/"
+ :base-extension "css\\|el"
+ :publishing-directory "/ssh:user@@host:~/html/other/"
+ :publishing-function org-publish-attachment)
+ ("website" :components ("orgfiles" "images" "other"))))
+@end lisp
+
+@node Triggering publication, , Sample configuration, Publishing
+@section Triggering publication
+
+Once org-publish is properly configured, you can publish with the
+following functions:
+
+@table @kbd
+@item C-c C-e c
+Prompt for a specific project and publish all files that belong to it.
+@item C-c C-e p
+Publish the project containing the current file.
+@item C-c C-e f
+Publish only the current file.
+@item C-c C-e a
+Publish all projects.
@end table
-How this calendar is best read and updated, depends on the application
-you are using. For example, when using iCal under Apple MacOS X, you
-could create a new calendar @samp{OrgMode} (the default name for the
-calendar created by @kbd{C-c C-x c}, see the variables
-@code{org-icalendar-combined-name} and
-@code{org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file}). Then set Org-mode to
-overwrite the corresponding file
-@file{~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics}. You may even use AppleScript
-to make iCal re-read the calendar files each time a new version of
-@file{OrgMode.ics} is produced. Here is the setup needed for this:
-
-@cindex applescript, for calendar update
-@lisp
-(setq org-combined-agenda-icalendar-file
- "~/Library/Calendars/OrgMode.ics")
-(add-hook 'org-after-save-iCalendar-file-hook
- (lambda ()
- (shell-command
- "osascript -e 'tell application \"iCal\" to reload calendars'")))
-@end lisp
+Org uses timestamps to track when a file has changed. The above
+functions normally only publish changed files. You can override this and
+force publishing of all files by giving a prefix argument.
-@node Miscellaneous, Index, Exporting, Top
+@node Miscellaneous, Extensions and Hacking, Publishing, Top
@chapter Miscellaneous
@menu
* Completion:: M-TAB knows what you need
* Customization:: Adapting Org-mode to your taste
+* In-buffer settings:: Overview of the #+KEYWORDS
+* The very busy C-c C-c key:: When in doubt, press C-c C-c
* Clean view:: Getting rid of leading stars in the outline
* TTY keys:: Using Org-mode on a tty
-* FAQ:: Frequently asked questions
* Interaction:: Other Emacs packages
* Bugs:: Things which do not work perfectly
-* Acknowledgments:: These people provided feedback and more
@end menu
@node Completion, Customization, Miscellaneous, Miscellaneous
@cindex completion, of TODO keywords
@cindex completion, of dictionary words
@cindex completion, of option keywords
-@cindex completion, of CamelCase links
@cindex completion, of tags
+@cindex completion, of link abbreviations
@cindex @TeX{} symbol completion
@cindex TODO keywords completion
@cindex dictionary word completion
@cindex option keyword completion
-@cindex CamelCase link completion
@cindex tag completion
+@cindex link abbreviations, completion of
Org-mode supports in-buffer completion. This type of completion does
not make use of the minibuffer. You simply type a few letters into
@item
After @samp{\}, complete @TeX{} symbols supported by the exporter.
@item
-After @samp{*}, complete CamelCase versions of all headlines in the
-buffer.
+After @samp{*}, complete headlines in the current buffer so that they
+can be used in search links like @samp{[[*find this headline]]}.
+@item
+After @samp{:}, complete tags. The list of tags is taken from the
+variable @code{org-tag-alist} (possibly set through the @samp{#+TAGS}
+in-buffer option, @pxref{Setting tags}), or it is created dynamically
+from all tags used in the current buffer.
@item
-After @samp{:}, complete tags used elsewhere in the buffer.
+After @samp{[}, complete link abbreviations (@pxref{Link abbreviations}).
@item
After @samp{#+}, complete the special keywords like @samp{TYP_TODO} or
@samp{OPTIONS} which set file-specific options for Org-mode. When the
option keyword is already complete, pressing @kbd{M-@key{TAB}} again
will insert example settings for this keyword.
@item
+In the line after @samp{#+STARTUP: }, complete startup keywords,
+i.e. valid keys for this line.
+@item
Elsewhere, complete dictionary words using ispell.
@end itemize
@end table
-
-@node Customization, Clean view, Completion, Miscellaneous
+@node Customization, In-buffer settings, Completion, Miscellaneous
@section Customization
@cindex customization
@cindex options, for customization
@cindex variables, for customization
-There are more than 100 variables that can be used to customize
-Org-mode. For the sake of compactness of the manual, we are not
+There are more than 180 variables that can be used to customize
+Org-mode. For the sake of compactness of the manual, I am not
describing the variables here. A structured overview of customization
variables is available with @kbd{M-x org-customize}. Or select
-@code{Browse Org Group} from the @code{Org->Customization} menu.
+@code{Browse Org Group} from the @code{Org->Customization} menu. Many
+settings can also be activated on a per-file basis, by putting special
+lines into the buffer (@pxref{In-buffer settings}).
+
+@node In-buffer settings, The very busy C-c C-c key, Customization, Miscellaneous
+@section Summary of in-buffer settings
+@cindex in-buffer settings
+@cindex special keywords
+
+Org-mode uses special lines in the buffer to define settings on a
+per-file basis. These lines start with a @samp{#+} followed by a
+keyword, a colon, and then individual words defining a setting. Several
+setting words can be in the same line, but you can also have multiple
+lines for the keyword. While these settings are described throughout
+the manual, here is a summary. After changing any of those lines in the
+buffer, press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor still in the line to
+activate the changes immediately. Otherwise they become effective only
+when the file is visited again in a new Emacs session.
+
+@table @kbd
+@item #+STARTUP:
+This line sets options to be used at startup of org-mode, when an
+Org-mode file is being visited. The first set of options deals with the
+initial visibility of the outline tree. The corresponding variable for
+global default settings is @code{org-startup-folded}, with a default
+value @code{t}, which means @code{overview}.
+@cindex @code{overview}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{content}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{showall}, STARTUP keyword
+@example
+overview @r{top-level headlines only}
+content @r{all headlines}
+showall @r{no folding at all, show everything}
+@end example
+Then there are options for aligning tables upon visiting a file. This
+is useful in files containing narrowed table columns. The corresponding
+variable is @code{org-startup-align-all-tables}, with a default value
+@code{nil}.
+@cindex @code{align}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{noalign}, STARTUP keyword
+@example
+align @r{align all tables}
+noalign @r{don't align tables on startup}
+@end example
+Logging TODO state changes and clock intervals (variable
+@code{org-log-done}) can be configured using these options.
+@cindex @code{logdone}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{nologging}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{lognotedone}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{lognoteclock-out}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{lognotestate}, STARTUP keyword
+@example
+logging @r{record a timestamp when an item is marked DONE}
+nologging @r{don't record when items are marked DONE}
+lognotedone @r{record timestamp and a note when DONE}
+lognotestate @r{record timestamp, note when TODO state changes}
+lognoteclock-out @r{record timestamp and a note when clocking out}
+@end example
+Here are the options for hiding leading stars in outline headings. The
+corresponding variables are @code{org-hide-leading-stars} and
+@code{org-odd-levels-only}, both with a default setting @code{nil}
+(meaning @code{showstars} and @code{oddeven}).
+@cindex @code{hidestars}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{showstars}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{odd}, STARTUP keyword
+@cindex @code{even}, STARTUP keyword
+@example
+hidestars @r{make all but one of the stars starting a headline invisible.}
+showstars @r{show all stars starting a headline}
+odd @r{allow only odd outline levels (1,3,...)}
+oddeven @r{allow all outline levels}
+@end example
+To turn on custom format overlays over time stamps (variables
+@code{org-put-time-stamp-overlays} and
+@code{org-time-stamp-overlay-formats}), use
+@cindex @code{customtime}, STARTUP keyword
+@example
+customtime @r{overlay custom time format}
+@end example
+@item #+SEQ_TODO: #+TYP_TODO:
+These lines set the TODO keywords and their interpretation in the
+current file. The corresponding variables are @code{org-todo-keywords}
+and @code{org-todo-interpretation}.
+@item #+TAGS: TAG1(c1) TAG2(c2)
+These lines (several such lines are allowed) specify the legal tags in
+this file, and (potentially) the corresponding @emph{fast tag selection}
+keys. The corresponding variable is @code{org-tag-alist}.
+@item #+LINK: linkword replace
+These lines (several are allowed) specify link abbreviations.
+@xref{Link abbreviations}. The corresponding variable is
+@code{org-link-abbrev-alist}.
+@item #+CATEGORY:
+This line sets the category for the agenda file. The category applies
+for all subsequent lines until the next @samp{#+CATEGORY} line, or the
+end of the file. The first such line also applies to any entries before it.
+@item #+ARCHIVE: %s_done::
+This line sets the archive location for the agenda file. It applies for
+all subsequent lines until the next @samp{#+CATEGORY} line, or the end
+of the file. The first such line also applies to any entries before it.
+The corresponding variable is @code{org-archive-location}.
+@item #+TBLFM:
+This line contains the formulas for the table directly above the line.
+@item #+TITLE:, #+AUTHOR:, #+EMAIL:, #+LANGUAGE:, #+TEXT:, #+OPTIONS:
+These lines provide settings for exporting files. For more details see
+@ref{Export options}.
+@end table
+
+@node The very busy C-c C-c key, Clean view, In-buffer settings, Miscellaneous
+@section The very busy C-c C-c key
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@cindex C-c C-c, overview
+
+The key @kbd{C-c C-c} has many purposes in org-mode, which are all
+mentioned scattered throughout this manual. One specific function of
+this key is to add @emph{tags} to a headline (@pxref{Tags}). In many
+other circumstances it means something like @emph{Hey Org-mode, look
+here and update according to what you see here}. Here is a summary of
+what this means in different contexts.
+
+@itemize @minus
+@item
+If there are highlights in the buffer from the creation of a sparse
+tree, or from clock display, remove these highlights.
+@item
+If the cursor is in one of the special @code{#+KEYWORD} lines, this
+triggers scanning the buffer for these lines and updating the
+information.
+@item
+If the cursor is inside a table, realign the table. This command
+works even if the automatic table editor has been turned off.
+@item
+If the cursor is on a @code{#+TBLFM} line, re-apply the formulas to
+the entire table.
+@item
+If the cursor is inside a table created by the @file{table.el} package,
+activate that table.
+@item
+If the current buffer is a remember buffer, close the note and file it.
+With a prefix argument, file it, without further interaction, to the
+default location.
+@item
+If the cursor is on a @code{<<<target>>>}, update radio targets and
+corresponding links in this buffer.
+@item
+If the cursor is in a plain list item with a checkbox, toggle the status
+of the checkbox.
+@item
+If the cursor is on a numbered item in a plain list, renumber the
+ordered list.
+@end itemize
-@node Clean view, TTY keys, Customization, Miscellaneous
+@node Clean view, TTY keys, The very busy C-c C-c key, Miscellaneous
@section A cleaner outline view
@cindex hiding leading stars
@cindex clean outline view
Some people find it noisy and distracting that the Org-mode headlines
-are starting with a potentially large number of stars. For example in
-the example tree from @ref{Headlines}:
+are starting with a potentially large number of stars. For example
+the tree from @ref{Headlines}:
@example
* Top level headline
@end lisp
@noindent
-and restart emacs (this is necessary to make this change effective).
-The tree then becomes
+or change this on a per-file basis with one of the lines (anywhere in
+the buffer)
+
+@example
+#+STARTUP: showstars
+#+STARTUP: hidestars
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in a @samp{STARTUP} line to activate
+the modifications.
+
+With stars hidden, the tree becomes:
@example
* Top level headline
@noindent
Note that the leading stars are not truly replaced by whitespace, they
are only fontified with the face @code{org-hide} that uses the
-background color as font color. If are are not using either white or
+background color as font color. If you are not using either white or
black background, you may have to customize this face to get the wanted
effect. Another possibility is to set this font such that the extra
stars are @i{almost} invisible, for example using the color
@noindent
In order to make the structure editing and export commands handle this
-convention correctly, use (again a restart of emacs will be needed)
+convention correctly, use
@lisp
(setq org-odd-levels-only t)
@end lisp
@noindent
-You can convert an Org-mode file from single-star-per-level to
+or set this on a per-file basis with one of the following lines (don't
+forget to press @kbd{C-c C-c} with the cursor in the startup line to
+activate changes immediately).
+
+@example
+#+STARTUP: odd
+#+STARTUP: oddeven
+@end example
+
+You can convert an Org-mode file from single-star-per-level to the
double-star-per-level convention with @kbd{M-x org-convert-to-odd-levels
-RET} in that file. It is not possible to use this setting on a
-file-local basis, so you need to decide which format to use.
+RET} in that file. The reverse operation is @kbd{M-x
+org-convert-to-oddeven-levels}.
-@node TTY keys, FAQ, Clean view, Miscellaneous
+@node TTY keys, Interaction, Clean view, Miscellaneous
@section Using org-mode on a tty
@cindex tty keybindings
really only fun with @kbd{S-@key{cursor}} keys. On a tty you would
rather use @kbd{C-c .} to re-insert the timestamp.
-@page
@multitable @columnfractions 0.15 0.2 0.2
@item @b{Default} @tab @b{Alternative 1} @tab @b{Alternative 2}
@item @kbd{S-@key{TAB}} @tab @kbd{C-u @key{TAB}} @tab
@item @kbd{S-@key{down}} @tab @kbd{C-c C-x @key{down}} @tab
@end multitable
-@node FAQ, Interaction, TTY keys, Miscellaneous
-@section Frequently asked questions
-@cindex FAQ
-
-@enumerate
-@item @b{Org-mode seems to be a useful default mode for the various
-@file{README} files I have scattered through my directories. How do I
-turn it on for all @file{README} files?}
-@example
-(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("README$" . org-mode))
-@end example
-
-@item @b{All these stars are driving me mad, I just find the Emacs
-outlines unreadable. Can't you just put white space and a single star as a
-starter for headlines?}@*
-See @ref{Clean view}.
-
-@item @b{I would like to have two windows on the same Org-mode
-file, but with different outline visibility. Is that possible?}@*
-@cindex @code{make-indirect-buffer}
-@cindex indirect buffers
-In GNU Emacs, you may use @emph{indirect buffers} which do exactly
-this. See the documentation on the command
-@code{make-indirect-buffer}. In XEmacs, this is currently not
-possible because of the different outline implementation.
-
-@item @b{Is there an easy way to insert links to web locations?}@*
-@cindex URL, paste into buffer
-Sure, just type or paste them into the buffer. A plain-text URL-like
-string is directly interpreted as a link.
-
-@item @b{When I export my TODO list, every TODO item becomes a
-separate section. How do I enforce these items to be exported as an
-itemized list?}@*
-If you plan to use ASCII or HTML export, make sure things you want to
-be exported as item lists are level 4 at least, even if that does mean
-there is a level jump. For example
-
-@example
-* Todays top priorities
-**** TODO write a letter to xyz
-**** TODO Finish the paper
-**** Pick up kids at the school
-@end example
-
-Alternatively, if you need a specific value for the heading/item
-transition in a particular file, use the @samp{+OPTIONS} line to
-configure the @samp{H} switch.
-
-@example
-+OPTIONS: H:2; ...
-@end example
-
-@item @b{I would like to export only a subtree of my file to HTML. How?}@*
-@cindex exporting a subtree
-If you want to export a subtree, mark the subtree as region and then
-export. Marking can be done with @kbd{C-c @@ C-x C-x}, for example.
-
-@item @b{Org-mode takes over the S-cursor keys. I also want to use
-CUA-mode, is there a way to fix this conflict?}@*
-Yes, see @ref{Interaction}
-
-@item @b{Is there an easy way to insert an empty table template with a
-default number of rows and columns?}@*
-@cindex table, empty template
-To insert an empty table template, just type @samp{|-} and use
-@key{TAB}. The default size can be changed with the variable
-@code{org-table-default-size}. However, just starting to type the
-first line is usually much easier.
-
-@item @b{One of my table columns has started to fill up with
-@samp{#ERROR}. What is going on?}@*
-Org-mode tried to compute the column from other fields using a
-formula stored in the @samp{#+TBLFMT:} line just below the table, and
-the evaluation of the formula fails. Fix the fields used in the
-formula, or fix the formula, or remove it!
-
-@item @b{When I am in the last column of a table and just above a
-horizontal line in the table, pressing TAB creates a new table line
-@i{before} the horizontal line. How can I quickly move to the line
-@i{below} the horizontal line instead?}@*
-Press @key{down} (to get on the separator line) and then @key{TAB}.
-Or configure the variable @code{org-table-tab-jumps-over-hlines}.
-
-@item @b{How can I change the indentation of an entire table without
-fixing every line by hand?}@*
-@cindex indentation, of tables
-The indentation of a table is set by the first line. So just fix the
-indentation of the first line and realign with @key{TAB}.
-
-@item @b{Is it possible to include entries from org-mode files into my
-emacs diary?}@*
-Since the org-mode agenda is much more powerful and can contain the
-diary (@pxref{Calendar/Diary integration}), you should think twice
-before deciding to do this. Inegrating org-mode information into the
-diary is, however, possible. The following steps are necessary:
-Autoload the function @command{org-diary} as shown above under
-@ref{Installation and Activation}. You also need to use @emph{fancy
-diary display} by setting in @file{.emacs}:
-
-@lisp
-(add-hook 'diary-display-hook 'fancy-diary-display)
-@end lisp
-
-Then include the following line into your @file{~/diary} file, in
-order to get the entries from all files listed in the variable
-@code{org-agenda-files}:
-
-@example
-&%%(org-diary)
-@end example
-@noindent
-You may also select specific files with
-
-@example
-&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/some/org-file.org
-&%%(org-diary) ~/path/to/another/org-file.org
-@end example
-
-If you now launch the calendar and press @kbd{d} to display a diary,
-the headlines of entries containing a timestamp, date range, schedule,
-or deadline referring to the selected date will be listed. Just like
-in Org-mode's agenda view, the diary for @emph{today} contains
-additional entries for overdue deadlines and scheduled items. See
-also the documentation of the @command{org-diary} function.
-
-@end enumerate
-
-
-@node Interaction, Bugs, FAQ, Miscellaneous
+@node Interaction, Bugs, TTY keys, Miscellaneous
@section Interaction with other packages
@cindex packages, interaction with other
-Org-mode can cooperate with the following packages:
+Org-mode lives in the world of GNU Emacs and interacts in various ways
+with other code out there.
+
+@menu
+* Cooperation:: Packages Org-mode cooperates with
+* Conflicts:: Packages that lead to conflicts
+@end menu
+
+@node Cooperation, Conflicts, Interaction, Interaction
+@subsection Packages that Org-mode cooperates with
@table @asis
-@cindex @file{org-mouse.el}
-@item @file{org-mouse.el} by Piotr Zielinski
-This package implements extended mouse functionality for Org-mode. It
-allows to cycle visibility and to edit the document structure with the
-mouse. It also provides a context-sensitive menu that changes depending
-on the context of a mouse-click. Use a search engine to find this
-package on the web.
-@cindex @file{table.el}
-@item @file{table.el} by Takaaki Ota
-Org mode cooperates with table.el, see @ref{table.el}. @file{table.el}
-is part of Emacs 22.
@cindex @file{calc.el}
@item @file{calc.el} by Dave Gillespie
Org-mode uses the calc package for implementing spreadsheet
-functionality in its tables (@pxref{Table calculations}). Org-modes
+functionality in its tables (@pxref{The spreadsheet}). Org-mode
checks for the availability of calc by looking for the function
@code{calc-eval} which should be autoloaded in your setup if calc has
been installed properly. As of Emacs 22, calc is part of the Emacs
, Embedded Mode, calc, GNU Emacs Calc Manual}.
@cindex @file{constants.el}
@item @file{constants.el} by Carsten Dominik
-In a table formula (@pxref{Table calculations}), it is possible to use
-names for natural constants or units. Instead of defining you own
+In a table formula (@pxref{The spreadsheet}), it is possible to use
+names for natural constants or units. Instead of defining your own
constants in the variable @code{org-table-formula-constants}, install
the @file{constants} package which defines a large number of constants
and units, and lets you use unit prefixes like @samp{M} for
the function @code{constants-get}, which has to be autoloaded in your
setup. See the installation instructions in the file
@file{constants.el}.
+@item @file{cdlatex.el} by Carsten Dominik
+@cindex @file{cdlatex.el}
+Org-mode can make use of the cdlatex package to efficiently enter
+La@TeX{} fragments into Org-mode files. See @ref{CDLaTeX mode}.
+@item @file{remember.el} by John Wiegley
@cindex @file{remember.el}
+Org mode cooperates with remember, see @ref{Remember}.
+@file{Remember.el} is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.
+@cindex @file{table.el}
+@item @file{table.el} by Takaaki Ota
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@cindex table editor, @file{table.el}
+@cindex @file{table.el}
+
+Complex ASCII tables with automatic line wrapping, column- and
+row-spanning, and alignment can be created using the Emacs table
+package by Takaaki Ota (@uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/table},
+and also part of Emacs 22).
+When @key{TAB} or @kbd{C-c C-c} is pressed in such a table, Org-mode
+will call @command{table-recognize-table} and move the cursor into the
+table. Inside a table, the keymap of Org-mode is inactive. In order
+to execute Org-mode-related commands, leave the table.
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-c
+@item C-c C-c
+Recognize @file{table.el} table. Works when the cursor is in a
+table.el table.
+
+@kindex C-c ~
+@item C-c ~
+Insert a table.el table. If there is already a table at point, this
+command converts it between the table.el format and the Org-mode
+format. See the documentation string of the command
+@code{org-convert-table} for the restrictions under which this is
+possible.
+@end table
+@file{table.el} is part of Emacs 22.
+@end table
+
+@node Conflicts, , Cooperation, Interaction
+@subsection Packages that lead to conflicts with Org-mode
+
+@table @asis
+
+@cindex @file{allout.el}
+@item @file{allout.el} by Ken Manheimer
+Startup of Org-mode may fail with the error message
+@code{(wrong-type-argument keymapp nil)} when there is an outdated
+version @file{allout.el} on the load path, for example the version
+distributed with Emacs 21.x. Upgrade to Emacs 22 and this problem will
+disappear. If for some reason you cannot do this, make sure that org.el
+is loaded @emph{before} @file{allout.el}, for example by putting
+@code{(require 'org)} early enough into your @file{.emacs} file.
+
@cindex @file{CUA.el}
@item @file{CUA.el} by Kim. F. Storm
Keybindings in Org-mode conflict with the @kbd{S-<cursor>} keys
@code{org-CUA-compatible}. When set, Org-mode will move the following
keybindings in org-mode files, and in the agenda buffer (but not
during date selection).
+
@example
S-UP -> M-p S-DOWN -> M-n
S-LEFT -> M-- S-RIGHT -> M-+
S-RET -> C-S-RET
@end example
+
Yes, these are unfortunately more difficult to remember. If you want
to have other replacement keys, look at the variable
@code{org-disputed-keys}.
-@item @file{remember.el} by John Wiegley
-Org mode cooperates with remember, see @ref{Remember}.
-@file{remember.el} is not part of Emacs, find it on the web.
-@cindex @file{planner.el}
-@item @file{planner.el} by John Wiegley
-Planner is another tool to plan work and keep track of tasks. Planner
-uses a multi-file approach with project pages and day pages. Is based
-on Emacs-Wiki. If Planner is your primary tool, it can be useful to
-display the agenda entries resulting from org files in day-pages of
-the planner. This can be done through the diary of the calendar:
-Integrate org files into the diary as described above, and then turn
-on the diary support of planner. Planner is not part of Emacs, find it
-on the web.
+@item @file{windmove.el} by Hovav Shacham
+@cindex @file{windmove.el}
+Also this package uses the @kbd{S-<cursor>} keys, so everything written
+in the paragraph above about CUA mode also applies here.
@end table
-@node Bugs, Acknowledgments, Interaction, Miscellaneous
+
+@node Bugs, , Interaction, Miscellaneous
@section Bugs
@cindex bugs
-Here is a list of things which should work differently, but which I
+Here is a list of things that should work differently, but which I
have found too hard to fix.
@itemize @bullet
@item
+If a table field starts with a link, and if the corresponding table
+column is narrowed (@pxref{Narrow columns}) to a width too small to
+display the link, the field would look entirely empty even though it is
+not. To prevent this, Org-mode throws an error. The work-around is to
+make the column wide enough to fit the link, or to add some text (at
+least 2 characters) before the link in the same field.
+@item
+Narrowing table columns does not work on XEmacs, because the
+@code{format} function does not transport text properties.
+@item
Text in an entry protected with the @samp{QUOTE} keyword should not
autowrap.
@item
When the application called by @kbd{C-c C-o} to open a file link fails
-(for example because the application does not exits or refuses to open
+(for example because the application does not exist or refuses to open
the file), it does so silently. No error message is displayed.
@item
-Plain list items should be able to hold a TODO item. Unfortunately this
-has so many technical problems that I will only consider this change for
-the next major release (5.0).
-@item
-The remote-editing commands in the agenda buffer cannot be undone with
-@code{undo} called from within the agenda buffer. But you can go to
-the corresponding buffer (using @key{TAB} or @key{RET} and execute
-@code{undo} there.
-@item
Recalculating a table line applies the formulas from left to right.
If a formula uses @emph{calculated} fields further down the row,
-multiple recalculation may be needed to get all fields consistent.
-@item
-Under XEmacs, if Org-mode entries are included into the diary, it is
-not possible to jump back from the diary to the org file. Apparently,
-the text properties are lost when the fancy-diary-display is used.
-However, from Org-mode's timeline and agenda buffers (created with
-@kbd{C-c C-r} and @kbd{C-c a}), things do work correctly.
+multiple recalculation may be needed to get all fields consistent. You
+may use the command @code{org-table-iterate} (@kbd{C-u C-c *}) to
+recalculate until convergence.
@item
-You can only make a single word boldface or italic. To emphasize
-several words in a row, each much have the emphasize markers, like in
-@samp{*three* *bold* *words*}.
+A single letter cannot be made bold, for example @samp{*a*}.
@item
The exporters work well, but could be made more efficient.
@end itemize
+
+@node Extensions and Hacking, History and Acknowledgments, Miscellaneous, Top
+@appendix Extensions, Hooks and Hacking
+
+This appendix lists extensions for Org-mode written by other authors.
+It also covers some aspects where users can extend the functionality of
+Org-mode.
+
+@menu
+* Extensions:: Existing 3rd-part extensions
+* Tables in arbitrary syntax:: Orgtbl for LaTeX and other programs
+* Dynamic blocks:: Automatically filled blocks
+* Special agenda views:: Customized views
+@end menu
+
+@node Extensions, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Extensions and Hacking, Extensions and Hacking
+@section Third-party extensions for Org-mode
+@cindex extension, third-party
+
+The following extensions for Org-mode have been written by other people:
+
+@table @asis
+@cindex @file{org-publish.el}
+@item @file{org-publish.el} by David O'Toole
+This package provides facilities for publishing related sets of Org-mode
+files together with linked files like images as webpages. It is
+highly configurable and can be used for other publishing purposes as
+well. As of Org-mode version 4.30, @file{org-publish.el} is part of the
+Org-mode distribution. It is not yet part of Emacs, however, a delay
+caused by the preparations for the 22.1 release. In the mean time,
+@file{org-publish.el} can be downloaded from David's site:
+@url{http://dto.freeshell.org/e/org-publish.el}.
+@cindex @file{org-mouse.el}
+@item @file{org-mouse.el} by Piotr Zielinski
+This package implements extended mouse functionality for Org-mode. It
+allows you to cycle visibility and to edit the document structure with
+the mouse. Best of all, it provides a context-sensitive menu on
+@key{mouse-3} that changes depending on the context of a mouse-click.
+As of Org-mode version 4.53, @file{org-mouse.el} is part of the
+Org-mode distribution. It is not yet part of Emacs, however, a delay
+caused by the preparations for the 22.1 release. In the mean time,
+@file{org-mouse.el} can be downloaded from Piotr's site:
+@url{http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~pz215/files/org-mouse.el}.
+@cindex @file{org-blog.el}
+@item @file{org-blog.el} by David O'Toole
+A blogging plug-in for @file{org-publish.el}.@*
+@url{http://dto.freeshell.org/notebook/OrgMode.html}.
+@cindex @file{blorg.el}
+@item @file{blorg.el} by Bastien Guerry
+Publish Org-mode files as
+blogs. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/blorg.html}.
+@cindex @file{org2rem.el}
+@item @file{org2rem.el} by Bastien Guerry
+Translates Org-mode files into something readable by
+Remind. @url{http://www.cognition.ens.fr/~guerry/u/org2rem.el}.
+@end table
+
@page
-@node Acknowledgments, , Bugs, Miscellaneous
-@section Acknowledgments
+@node Tables in arbitrary syntax, Dynamic blocks, Extensions, Extensions and Hacking
+@section Tables in arbitrary syntax
+@cindex tables, in other modes
+@cindex orgtbl-mode
+
+Since Orgtbl-mode can be used as a minor mode in arbitrary buffers, a
+frequent feature request has been to make it work with native tables in
+specific languages, for example LaTeX. However, this is extremely hard
+to do in a general way, would lead to a customization nightmare, and
+would take away much of the simplicity of the Orgtbl-mode table editor.
+
+This appendix describes a different approach. We keep the Orgtbl-mode
+table in its native format (the @i{source table}), and use a custom
+function to @i{translate} the table to the correct syntax, and to
+@i{install} it in the right location (the @i{target table}). This puts
+the burden of writing conversion functions on the user, but it allows
+for a very flexible system.
+
+@menu
+* Radio tables:: Sending and receiving
+* A LaTeX example:: Step by step, almost a tutorial
+* Translator functions:: Copy and modify
+@end menu
+
+@node Radio tables, A LaTeX example, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Tables in arbitrary syntax
+@subsection Radio tables
+@cindex radio tables
+
+To define the location of the target table, you first need to create two
+lines that are comments in the current mode, but contain magic words for
+Orgtbl-mode to find. Orgtbl-mode will insert the translated table
+between these lines, replacing whatever was there before. For example:
+
+@example
+/* BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */
+/* END RECEIVE ORGTBL table_name */
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Just above the source table, we put a special line that tells
+Orgtbl-mode how to translate this table and where to install it. For
+example:
+@example
+#+ORGTBL: SEND table_name translation_function arguments....
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+@code{table_name} is the reference name for the table that is also used
+in the receiver lines. @code{translation_function} is the Lisp function
+that does the translation. Furthermore, the line can contain a list of
+arguments (alternating key and value) at the end. The arguments will be
+passed as a property list to the translation function for
+interpretation. A few standard parameters are already recognized and
+acted upon before the translation function is called:
+
+@table @code
+@item :skip N
+Skip the first N lines of the table. Hlines do count!
+@item :skipcols (n1 n2 ...)
+List of columns that should be skipped. If the table has a column with
+calculation marks, that column is automatically discarded as well.
+Please note that the translator function sees the table @emph{after} the
+removal of these columns, the function never knows that there have been
+additional columns.
+@end table
+
+@noindent
+The one problem remaining is how to keep the source table in the buffer
+without disturbing the normal workings of the file, for example during
+compilation of a C file or processing of a LaTeX file. There are a
+number of different solutions:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+The table could be placed in a block comment if that is supported by the
+language. For example, in C-mode you could wrap the table between
+@samp{/*} and @samp{*/} lines.
+@item
+Sometimes it is possible to put the table after some kind of @i{END}
+statement, for example @samp{\bye} in TeX and @samp{\end@{document@}}
+in LaTeX.
+@item
+You can just comment the table line by line whenever you want to process
+the file, and uncomment it whenever you need to edit the table. This
+only sounds tedious - the command @kbd{M-x orgtbl-toggle-comment} does
+make this comment-toggling very easy, in particular if you bind it to a
+key.
+@end itemize
+
+@node A LaTeX example, Translator functions, Radio tables, Tables in arbitrary syntax
+@subsection A LaTeX example
+@cindex LaTeX, and orgtbl-mode
+
+The best way to wrap the source table in LaTeX is to use the
+@code{comment} environment provided by @file{comment.sty}. It has to be
+activated by placing @code{\usepackage@{comment@}} into the document
+header. Orgtbl-mode can insert a radio table skeleton@footnote{By
+default this works only for LaTeX, HTML, and TeXInfo. Configure the
+variable @code{orgtbl-radio-tables} to install templates for other
+modes.} with the command @kbd{M-x orgtbl-insert-radio-table}. You will
+be prompted for a table name, lets say we use @samp{salesfigures}. You
+will then get the following template:
+
+@example
+% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
+% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
+\begin@{comment@}
+#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex
+| | |
+\end@{comment@}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The @code{#+ORGTBL: SEND} line tells orgtbl-mode to use the function
+@code{orgtbl-to-latex} to convert the table into LaTeX and to put it
+into the receiver location with name @code{salesfigures}. You may now
+fill in the table, feel free to use the spreadsheet features@footnote{If
+the @samp{#+TBLFM} line contains an odd number of dollar characters,
+this may cause problems with font-lock in latex-mode. As shown in the
+example you can fix this by adding an extra line inside the
+@code{comment} environment that is used to balance the dollar
+expressions. If you are using AUCTeX with the font-latex library, a
+much better solution is to add the @code{comment} environment to the
+variable @code{LaTeX-verbatim-environments}.}:
+
+@example
+% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
+% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
+\begin@{comment@}
+#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex
+| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day |
+|-------+------+---------+---------|
+| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 |
+| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 |
+| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 |
+#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f
+% $ (optional extra dollar to keep font-lock happy, see footnote)
+\end@{comment@}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+When you are done, press @kbd{C-c C-c} in the table to get the converted
+table inserted between the two marker lines.
+
+Now lets assume you want to make the table header by hand, because you
+want to control how columns are aligned etc. In this case we make sure
+that the table translator does skip the first 2 lines of the source
+table, and tell the command to work as a @i{splice}, i.e. to not produce
+header and footer commands of the target table:
+
+@example
+\begin@{tabular@}@{lrrr@}
+Month & \multicolumn@{1@}@{c@}@{Days@} & Nr.\ sold & per day\\
+% BEGIN RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
+% END RECEIVE ORGTBL salesfigures
+\end@{tabular@}
+%
+\begin@{comment@}
+#+ORGTBL: SEND salesfigures orgtbl-to-latex :splice t :skip 2
+| Month | Days | Nr sold | per day |
+|-------+------+---------+---------|
+| Jan | 23 | 55 | 2.4 |
+| Feb | 21 | 16 | 0.8 |
+| March | 22 | 278 | 12.6 |
+#+TBLFM: $4=$3/$2;%.1f
+\end@{comment@}
+@end example
+
+The LaTeX translator function @code{orgtbl-to-latex} is already part of
+Orgtbl-mode. It uses a @code{tabular} environment to typeset the table
+and marks horizontal lines with @code{\hline}. Furthermore, it
+interprets the following parameters:
+
+@table @code
+@item :splice nil/t
+When set to t, return only table body lines, don't wrap them into a
+tabular environment. Default is nil.
+
+@item :fmt fmt
+A format to be used to wrap each field, should contain @code{%s} for the
+original field value. For example, to wrap each field value in dollars,
+you could use @code{:fmt "$%s$"}. This may also be a property list with
+column numbers and formats. for example @code{:fmt (2 "$%s$" 4 "%s\\%%")}.
+
+@item :efmt efmt
+Use this format to print numbers with exponentials. The format should
+have @code{%s} twice for inserting mantissa and exponent, for example
+@code{"%s\\times10^@{%s@}"}. The default is @code{"%s\\,(%s)"}. This
+may also be a property list with column numbers and formats, for example
+@code{:efmt (2 "$%s\\times10^@{%s@}$" 4 "$%s\\cdot10^@{%s@}$")}. After
+@code{efmt} has been applied to a value, @code{fmt} will also be
+applied.
+@end table
+
+@node Translator functions, , A LaTeX example, Tables in arbitrary syntax
+@subsection Translator functions
+@cindex HTML, and orgtbl-mode
+@cindex translator function
+
+Orgtbl-mode has several translator functions built-in:
+@code{orgtbl-to-latex}, @code{orgtbl-to-html}, and
+@code{orgtbl-to-texinfo}. Except for @code{orgtbl-to-html}@footnote{The
+HTML translator uses the same code that produces tables during HTML
+export.}, these all use a generic translator, @code{orgtbl-to-generic}.
+For example, @code{orgtbl-to-latex} itself is a very short function that
+computes the column definitions for the @code{tabular} environment,
+defines a few field and line separators and then hands over to the
+generic translator. Here is the entire code:
+
+@lisp
+@group
+(defun orgtbl-to-latex (table params)
+ "Convert the orgtbl-mode TABLE to LaTeX."
+ (let* ((alignment (mapconcat (lambda (x) (if x "r" "l"))
+ org-table-last-alignment ""))
+ (params2
+ (list
+ :tstart (concat "\\begin@{tabular@}@{" alignment "@}")
+ :tend "\\end@{tabular@}"
+ :lstart "" :lend " \\\\" :sep " & "
+ :efmt "%s\\,(%s)" :hline "\\hline")))
+ (orgtbl-to-generic table (org-combine-plists params2 params))))
+@end group
+@end lisp
+
+As you can see, the properties passed into the function (variable
+@var{PARAMS}) are combined with the ones newly defined in the function
+(variable @var{PARAMS2}). The ones passed into the function (i.e. the
+ones set by the @samp{ORGTBL SEND} line) take precedence. So if you
+would like to use the LaTeX translator, but wanted the line endings to
+be @samp{\\[2mm]} instead of the default @samp{\\}, you could just
+overrule the default with
+
+@example
+#+ORGTBL: SEND test orgtbl-to-latex :lend " \\\\[2mm]"
+@end example
+
+For a new language, you can either write your own converter function in
+analogy with the LaTeX translator, or you can use the generic function
+directly. For example, if you have a language where a table is started
+with @samp{!BTBL!}, ended with @samp{!ETBL!}, and where table lines are
+started with @samp{!BL!}, ended with @samp{!EL!} and where the field
+separator is a TAB, you could call the generic translator like this (on
+a single line!):
+
+@example
+#+ORGTBL: SEND test orgtbl-to-generic :tstart "!BTBL!" :tend "!ETBL!"
+ :lstart "!BL! " :lend " !EL!" :sep "\t"
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+Please check the documentation string of the function
+@code{orgtbl-to-generic} for a full list of parameters understood by
+that function and remember that you can pass each of them into
+@code{orgtbl-to-latex}, @code{orgtbl-to-texinfo}, and any other function
+using the generic function.
+
+Of course you can also write a completely new function doing complicated
+things the generic translator cannot do. A translator function takes
+two arguments. The first argument is the table, a list of lines, each
+line either the symbol @code{hline} or a list of fields. The second
+argument is the property list containing all parameters specified in the
+@samp{#+ORGTBL: SEND} line. The function must return a single string
+containing the formatted table. If you write a generally useful
+translator, please post it on @code{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org} so that
+others can benefit from your work.
+
+@node Dynamic blocks, Special agenda views, Tables in arbitrary syntax, Extensions and Hacking
+@section Dynamic blocks
+@cindex dynamic blocks
+
+Org-mode documents can contain @emph{dynamic blocks}. These are
+specially marked regions that are updated by some user-written function.
+A good example for such a block is the clock table inserted by the
+command @kbd{C-c C-x C-r} (@pxref{Clocking work time}).
+
+Dynamic block are enclosed by a BEGIN-END structure that assigns a name
+to the block and can also specify parameters for the function producing
+the content of the block.
+
+@example
+#+BEGIN: myblock :parameter1 value1 :parameter2 value2 ...
+
+#+END:
+@end example
+
+Dynamic blocks are updated with the following commands
+
+@table @kbd
+@kindex C-c C-x C-u
+@item C-c C-x C-u
+Update dynamic block at point.
+@kindex C-u C-c C-x C-u
+@item C-u C-c C-x C-u
+Update all dynamic blocks in the current file.
+@end table
+
+Updating a dynamic block means to remove all the text between BEGIN and
+END, parse the BEGIN line for parameters and then call the specific
+writer function for this block to insert the new content. For a block
+with name @code{myblock}, the writer function is
+@code{org-dblock-write:myblock} with as only parameter a property list
+with the parameters given in the begin line. Here is a trivial example
+of a block that keeps track of when the block update function was last
+run:
+
+@example
+#+BEGIN: block-update-time :format "on %m/%d/%Y at %H:%M"
+
+#+END:
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+The corresponding block writer function could look like this:
+
+@lisp
+(defun org-dblock-write:block-update-time (params)
+ (let ((fmt (or (plist-get params :format) "%d. %m. %Y")))
+ (insert "Last block update at: "
+ (format-time-string fmt (current-time)))))
+@end lisp
+
+If you want to make sure that all dynamic blocks are always up-to-date,
+you could add the function @code{org-update-all-dblocks} to a hook, for
+example @code{before-save-hook}. @code{org-update-all-dblocks} is
+written in a way that is does nothing in buffers that are not in Org-mode.
+
+@node Special agenda views, , Dynamic blocks, Extensions and Hacking
+@section Special Agenda Views
+@cindex agenda views, user-defined
+
+Org-mode provides a special hook that can be used to narrow down the
+selection made by any of the agenda views. You may specify a function
+that is used at each match to verify if the match should indeed be part
+of the agenda view, and if not, how much should be skipped.
+
+Let's say you want to produce a list of projects that contain a WAITING
+tag anywhere in the project tree. Let's further assume that you have
+marked all tree headings that define a project with the todo keyword
+PROJECT. In this case you would run a todo search for the keyword
+PROJECT, but skip the match unless there is a WAITING tag anywhere in
+the subtree belonging to the project line.
+
+To achieve this, you must write a function that searches the subtree for
+the tag. If the tag is found, the function must return @code{nil} to
+indicate that this match should not be skipped. If there is no such
+tag, return the location of the end of the subtree, to indicate that
+search should continue from there.
+
+@lisp
+(defun my-skip-unless-waiting ()
+ "Skip trees that are not waiting"
+ (let ((subtree-end (save-excursion (org-end-of-subtree t))))
+ (if (re-search-forward ":WAITING:" subtree-end t)
+ nil ; tag found, do not skip
+ subtree-end))) ; tag not found, continue after end of subtree
+@end lisp
+
+Furthermore you must write a command that uses @code{let} to temporarily
+put this function into the variable @code{org-agenda-skip-function},
+sets the header string for the agenda buffer, and calls the todo-list
+generator while asking for the specific TODO keyword PROJECT. The
+function must also accept one argument MATCH, but it can choose to
+ignore it@footnote{MATCH must be present in case you want to define a
+custom command for producing this special list. Custom commands always
+supply the MATCH argument, but it can be empty if you do not specify it
+while defining the command(@pxref{Custom agenda
+views}).} (as we do in the example below). Here is the example:
+
+@lisp
+(defun my-org-waiting-projects (&optional match)
+ "Produce a list of projects that contain a WAITING tag.
+MATCH is being ignored."
+ (interactive)
+ (let ((org-agenda-skip-function 'my-skip-unless-waiting)
+ (org-agenda-overriding-header "Projects waiting for something: "))
+ ;; make the list
+ (org-todo-list "PROJECT")))
+@end lisp
+
+
+@node History and Acknowledgments, Index, Extensions and Hacking, Top
+@appendix History and Acknowledgments
@cindex acknowledgments
+@cindex history
@cindex thanks
-Org-mode was written by Carsten Dominik, who still maintains it at the
-Org-mode homepage @uref{http://www.astro.uva.nl/~dominik/Tools/org/}.
-The following people (in alphabetic order) have helped the development
-along with ideas, suggestions and patches. Many thanks to all of you,
-Org-mode would not be what it is without your input.
+Org-mode was borne in 2003, out of frustration over the user interface
+of the Emacs outline-mode. I was trying to organize my notes and
+projects, and using Emacs seemed to be the natural way to go. However,
+having to remember eleven different commands with two or three keys per
+command, only to hide and unhide parts of the outline tree, that seemed
+entirely unacceptable to me. Also, when using outlines to take notes, I
+constantly want to restructure the tree, organizing it parallel to my
+thoughts and plans. @emph{Visibility cycling} and @emph{structure
+editing} were originally implemented in the package
+@file{outline-magic.el}, but quickly moved to the more general
+@file{org.el}. As this environment became comfortable for project
+planning, the next step was adding @emph{TODO entries}, basic @emph{time
+stamps}, and @emph{table support}. These areas highlight the two main
+goals that Org-mode still has today: To create a new, outline-based,
+plain text mode with innovative and intuitive editing features, and to
+incorporate project planning functionality directly into a notes file.
+
+Since the first release, hundreds of emails to me or on
+@code{emacs-orgmode@@gnu.org} have provided a constant stream of bug
+reports, feedback, new ideas, and sometimes patches and add-on code.
+Many thanks to everyone who has helped to improve this package. I am
+trying to keep here a list of the people who had significant influence
+in shaping one or more aspects of Org-mode. The list may not be
+complete, if I have forgotten someone, please accept my apologies and
+let me know.
@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+@i{Thomas Baumann} contributed the code for links to the MH-E email
+system.
+@item
+@i{Alex Bochannek} provided a patch for rounding time stamps.
+@item
+@i{Charles Cave}'s suggestion sparked the implementation of templates
+for Remember.
+@item
+@i{Pavel Chalmoviansky} influenced the agenda treatment of items with
+specified time.
+@item
+@i{Gregory Chernov} patched support for lisp forms into table
+calculations and improved XEmacs compatibility, in particular by porting
+@file{nouline.el} to XEmacs.
+@item
+@i{Sacha Chua} suggested to copy some linking code from Planner.
+@item
+@i{Eddward DeVilla} proposed and tested checkbox statistics.
+@item
+@i{Kees Dullemond} used to edit projects lists directly in HTML and so
+inspired some of the early development, including HTML export. He also
+asked for a way to narrow wide table columns.
+@item
+@i{Christian Egli} converted the documentation into TeXInfo format,
+patched CSS formatting into the HTML exporter, and inspired the agenda.
@item
-Thomas Baumann contributed the code for links to the MH-E email system.
+@i{Nic Ferrier} contributed mailcap and XOXO support.
@item
-Pavel Chalmoviansky reported bugs and suggested improvements
-related to the agenda treatment of items with specified time.
+@i{John Foerch} figured out how to make incremental search show context
+around a match in a hidden outline tree.
@item
-Sacha Chua, the current maintainer of Planner, suggested to copy
-linking code from Planner (I took code for RMAIL and Wanderlust).
+@i{Niels Giessen} had the idea to automatically archive DONE trees.
@item
-Christian Egli converted the documentation into TeXInfo format and
-patched basic CSS formatting support into the HTML exporter. He also
-inspired the agenda by showing me his plans for a multifile summary.
+@i{Bastien Guerry} provided extensive feedback and some patches, and
+translated David O'Toole's tutorial into French.
@item
-Kai Grossjohann pointed out that a number of key bindings in Org-mode
-conflict with other packages.
+@i{Kai Grossjohann} pointed out key-binding conflicts with other packages.
@item
-Stefan Monnier provided a patch with lots of little fixes to keep the
-Emacs-Lisp compiler happy.
+@i{Shidai Liu} (``Leo'') provided extensive feedback and some patches.
@item
-Tim O'Callaghan suggested in-file links, search options for
-general file links, and TAGS.
+@i{Leon Liu} asked for embedded LaTeX and tested it.
@item
-Oliver Oppitz suggested multi-state TODO items.
+@i{Stefan Monnier} provided a patch to keep the Emacs-Lisp compiler
+happy.
@item
-Pete Phillips helped the development of the TAGS feature with beta
-testing and suggestions.
+@i{Todd Neal} provided patches for links to Info files and elisp forms.
@item
-Matthias Rempe (Oelde) provided ideas, a patch introducing Windows
-NT/2000 support, and quality control.
+@i{Tim O'Callaghan} suggested in-file links, search options for general
+file links, and TAGS.
@item
-Kevin Rogers contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts.
+@i{Takeshi Okano} translated the manual and David O'Toole's tutorial
+into Japanese.
@item
-Philip Rooke created the Org-mode reference card. He also helped with
-beta testing and contributed a number of very useful ideas.
+@i{Oliver Oppitz} suggested multi-state TODO items.
@item
-Christian Schlauer proposed angular brackets around links, among other
-things.
+@i{Scott Otterson} sparked the introduction of descriptive text for
+links, among other things.
@item
-Linking to VM/BBDB/GNUS was inspired by Tom Shannon's
+@i{Pete Phillips} helped during the development of the TAGS feature, and
+provided frequent feedback.
+@item
+@i{T.V. Raman} reported bugs and suggested improvements.
+@item
+@i{Matthias Rempe} (Oelde) provided ideas, Windows support, and quality
+control.
+@item
+@i{Kevin Rogers} contributed code to access VM files on remote hosts.
+@item
+@i{Frank Ruell} solved the mystery of the @code{keymapp nil} bug, a
+conflict with @file{allout.el}.
+@item
+@i{Jason Riedy} sent a patch to fix a bug with export of TODO keywords.
+@item
+@i{Philip Rooke} created the Org-mode reference card and provided lots
+of feedback.
+@item
+@i{Christian Schlauer} proposed angular brackets around links, among
+other things.
+@item
+Linking to VM/BBDB/GNUS was inspired by @i{Tom Shannon}'s
@file{organizer-mode.el}.
@item
-Juergen Vollmer contributed code generating the table of contents
-in HTML output, and other export improvements.
+@i{Daniel Sinder} came up with the idea of internal archiving by locking
+subtrees.
@item
-David Wainberg suggested the archiving mechanism and shaped the
-internal link system with many suggestions and ideas.
+@i{Dale Smith} proposed link abbreviations.
@item
-Scheduling TODO items was inspired by John Wiegley's @file{planner.el}.
+@i{David O'Toole} wrote @file{org-publish.el} and drafted the manual
+chapter about publishing.
@item
-Carsten Wimmer suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in linking
-to GNUS.
-@item
-Roland Winkler pointed out that additional keybindings are needed to
-use Org-mode on a tty.
+@i{J@"urgen Vollmer} contributed code generating the table of contents
+in HTML output.
+@item
+@i{Chris Wallace} provided a patch implementing the @samp{QUOTE}
+keyword.
+@item
+@i{David Wainberg} suggested archiving, and improvements to the linking
+system.
@item
-Piotr Zielinski wrote @file{org-mouse.el} and pointed out to me that
-Emacs 22 can be made to follow links using mouse-1 clicks.
-@c @item
-@c Nic Ferrier and Christian Egli implemented XML export.
+@i{John Wiegley} wrote @file{emacs-wiki.el} and @file{planner.el}. The
+development of Org-mode was fully independent, and both systems are
+really different beasts in their basic ideas and implementation details.
+I later looked at John's code, however, and learned from his
+implementation of (i) links where the link itself is hidden and only a
+description is shown, and (ii) popping up a calendar to select a date.
+@item
+@i{Carsten Wimmer} suggested some changes and helped fix a bug in
+linking to GNUS.
+@item
+@i{Roland Winkler} requested additional keybindings to make Org-mode
+work on a tty.
+@item
+@i{Piotr Zielinski} wrote @file{org-mouse.el}, proposed agenda blocks
+and contributed various ideas and code snippets.
@end itemize
-@node Index, Key Index, Miscellaneous, Top
-@chapter Index
+
+@node Index, Key Index, History and Acknowledgments, Top
+@unnumbered Index
@printindex cp
@node Key Index, , Index, Top
-@chapter Key Index
+@unnumbered Key Index
@printindex ky