@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2001-2012
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2001-2015 Free Software
+@c Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Screen, User Input, Acknowledgments, Top
+@node Screen
@chapter The Organization of the Screen
@cindex screen
@cindex frame
On a graphical display, such as on GNU/Linux using the X Window
-System, Emacs occupies a ``graphical window''. On a text-only
-terminal, Emacs occupies the entire terminal screen. We will use the
-term @dfn{frame} to mean a graphical window or terminal screen
-occupied by Emacs. Emacs behaves very similarly on both kinds of
-frames. It normally starts out with just one frame, but you can
-create additional frames if you wish (@pxref{Frames}).
+System, Emacs occupies a ``graphical window''. On a text terminal,
+Emacs occupies the entire terminal screen. We will use the term
+@dfn{frame} to mean a graphical window or terminal screen occupied by
+Emacs. Emacs behaves very similarly on both kinds of frames. It
+normally starts out with just one frame, but you can create additional
+frames if you wish (@pxref{Frames}).
Each frame consists of several distinct regions. At the top of the
frame is a @dfn{menu bar}, which allows you to access commands via a
you what the command has done, or to provide you with some specific
information. These @dfn{informative} messages, unlike error messages,
are not accompanied with a beep or flash. For example, @kbd{C-x =}
-(hold down @key{CTRL} and type @kbd{x}, then let go of @key{CTRL} and
+(hold down @key{Ctrl} and type @kbd{x}, then let go of @key{Ctrl} and
type @kbd{=}) displays a message describing the character at point,
its position in the buffer, and its current column in the window.
Commands that take a long time often display messages ending in
progress has been made, as a percentage), and add @samp{done} when
they are finished.
-@cindex @samp{*Messages*} buffer
+@cindex @file{*Messages*} buffer
@cindex saved echo area messages
@cindex messages saved from echo area
@vindex message-log-max
Informative echo area messages are saved in a special buffer named
-@samp{*Messages*}. (We have not explained buffers yet; see
+@file{*Messages*}. (We have not explained buffers yet; see
@ref{Buffers}, for more information about them.) If you miss a
message that appeared briefly on the screen, you can switch to the
-@samp{*Messages*} buffer to see it again. The @samp{*Messages*}
+@file{*Messages*} buffer to see it again. The @file{*Messages*}
buffer is limited to a certain number of lines, specified by the
variable @code{message-log-max}. (We have not explained variables
either; see @ref{Variables}, for more information about them.) Beyond
@end example
@noindent
-On a text-only terminal, this text is followed by a series of dashes
+On a text terminal, this text is followed by a series of dashes
extending to the right edge of the window. These dashes are omitted
on a graphical display.
containing non-textual data. Other characters represent various
@dfn{coding systems}---for example, @samp{1} represents ISO Latin-1.
- On a text-only terminal, @var{cs} is preceded by two additional
+ On a text terminal, @var{cs} is preceded by two additional
characters that describe the coding systems for keyboard input and
terminal output. Furthermore, if you are using an input method,
@var{cs} is preceded by a string that identifies the input method
remote machine, @samp{@@} is displayed instead (@pxref{File Names}).
@var{fr} gives the selected frame name (@pxref{Frames}). It appears
-only on text-only terminals. The initial frame's name is @samp{F1}.
+only on text terminals. The initial frame's name is @samp{F1}.
@var{buf} is the name of the buffer displayed in the window.
Usually, this is the same as the name of a file you are editing.
can use to perform common operations. There's no need to list them
here, as you can more easily see them yourself.
-@kindex M-`
-@kindex F10
-@findex tmm-menubar
-@findex menu-bar-open
- On a graphical display, you can use the mouse to choose a command
-from the menu bar. An arrow on the right edge of a menu item means it
-leads to a subsidiary menu, or @dfn{submenu}. A @samp{...} at the end
-of a menu item means that the command will prompt you for further
-input before it actually does anything.
+ On a display that supports a mouse, you can use the mouse to choose a
+command from the menu bar. An arrow on the right edge of a menu item
+means it leads to a subsidiary menu, or @dfn{submenu}. A @samp{...}
+at the end of a menu item means that the command will prompt you for
+further input before it actually does anything.
Some of the commands in the menu bar have ordinary key bindings as
well; if so, a key binding is shown in parentheses after the item
item, type @kbd{C-h k}, and then select the menu bar with the mouse in
the usual way (@pxref{Key Help}).
+@kindex F10
+@findex menu-bar-open
+@cindex menu bar access using keyboard
Instead of using the mouse, you can also invoke the first menu bar
item by pressing @key{F10} (to run the command @code{menu-bar-open}).
You can then navigate the menus with the arrow keys. To activate a
selected menu item, press @key{RET}; to cancel menu navigation, press
-@key{ESC}.
-
- On a text-only terminal, you can use the menu bar by typing
-@kbd{M-`} or @key{F10} (these run the command @code{tmm-menubar}).
-This lets you select a menu item with the keyboard. A provisional
-choice appears in the echo area. You can use the up and down arrow
-keys to move through the menu to different items, and then you can
-type @key{RET} to select the item. Each menu item is also designated
-by a letter or digit (usually the initial of some word in the item's
-name). This letter or digit is separated from the item name by
-@samp{=>}. You can type the item's letter or digit to select the
-item.
+@kbd{C-g} or @kbd{@key{ESC} @key{ESC} @key{ESC}}.
+
+@kindex M-`
+@findex tmm-menubar
+@vindex tty-menu-open-use-tmm
+ On a text terminal, you can optionally access the menu-bar menus in
+the echo area. To this end, customize the variable
+@code{tty-menu-open-use-tmm} to a non-@code{nil} value. Then typing
+@key{F10} will run the command @code{tmm-menubar} instead of dropping
+down the menu. (You can also type @kbd{M-`}, which always invokes
+@code{tmm-menubar}.) @code{tmm-menubar} lets you select a menu item
+with the keyboard. A provisional choice appears in the echo area.
+You can use the up and down arrow keys to move through the menu to
+different items, and then you can type @key{RET} to select the item.
+Each menu item is also designated by a letter or digit (usually the
+initial of some word in the item's name). This letter or digit is
+separated from the item name by @samp{==>}. You can type the item's
+letter or digit to select the item.