@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
+@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Dired, Calendar/Diary, Rmail, Top
@chapter Dired, the Directory Editor
* Hiding Subdirectories:: Making subdirectories visible or invisible.
* Updating: Dired Updating. Discarding lines for files of no interest.
* Find: Dired and Find. Using `find' to choose the files for Dired.
+* Wdired:: Operating on files by editing the Dired buffer.
* Misc: Misc Dired Features. Various other features.
@end menu
@item v
@kindex v @r{(Dired)}
@findex dired-view-file
-View the file described on the current line, using either an external
-viewing program or @kbd{M-x view-file} (@code{dired-view-file}).
-
-@vindex dired-view-command-alist
-External viewers are used for certain file types under the control of
-@code{dired-view-command-alist}. Viewing a file with @code{view-file}
-is like visiting it, but is slanted toward moving around in the file
+View the file described on the current line, using @kbd{M-x view-file}
+(@code{dired-view-file}). Viewing a file with @code{view-file} is
+like visiting it, but is slanted toward moving around in the file
conveniently and does not allow changing the file. @xref{Misc File
-Ops,View File, Miscellaneous File Operations}.
+Ops, View File, Miscellaneous File Operations}.
@item ^
@kindex ^ @r{(Dired)}
(@code{dired-unmark-backward}).
@item * !
+@itemx U
@kindex * ! @r{(Dired)}
+@kindex U @r{(Dired)}
@findex dired-unmark-all-marks
Remove all marks from all the files in this Dired buffer
(@code{dired-unmark-all-marks}).
@item * ? @var{markchar}
+@itemx M-@key{DEL}
@kindex * ? @r{(Dired)}
+@kindex M-DEL @r{(Dired)}
@findex dired-unmark-all-files
Remove all marks that use the character @var{markchar}
(@code{dired-unmark-all-files}). The argument is a single
files without asking about them.
@item * C-n
+@itemx M-@}
@findex dired-next-marked-file
@kindex * C-n @r{(Dired)}
+@kindex M-@} @r{(Dired)}
Move down to the next marked file (@code{dired-next-marked-file})
A file is ``marked'' if it has any kind of mark.
@item * C-p
+@itemx M-@{
@findex dired-prev-marked-file
@kindex * C-p @r{(Dired)}
+@kindex M-@{ @r{(Dired)}
Move up to the previous marked file (@code{dired-prev-marked-file})
-@item * t
+@item t
+@itemx * t
+@kindex t @r{(Dired)}
@kindex * t @r{(Dired)}
@findex dired-toggle-marks
@cindex toggling marks (in Dired)
command to print them with, but the minibuffer starts out with a
suitable guess made using the variables @code{lpr-command} and
@code{lpr-switches} (the same variables that @code{lpr-buffer} uses;
-@pxref{Hardcopy}).
+@pxref{Printing}).
@findex dired-do-compress
@kindex Z @r{(Dired)}
can use hiding to temporarily exclude subdirectories from operations
without having to remove the markers.
- The subdirectory hiding commands toggle; that is, they hide what was
-visible, and show what was hidden.
-
@node Dired Updating
@section Updating the Dired Buffer
@cindex updating Dired buffer
arguments, @var{directory} and @var{regexp}; it chooses all the files in
@var{directory} or its subdirectories that contain a match for
@var{regexp}. It works by running the programs @code{find} and
-@code{grep}. See also @kbd{M-x grep-find}, in @ref{Compilation}.
+@code{grep}. See also @kbd{M-x grep-find}, in @ref{Grep Searching}.
Remember to write the regular expression for @code{grep}, not for Emacs.
(An alternative method of showing files whose contents match a given
regexp is the @kbd{% g @var{regexp}} command, see @ref{Marks vs Flags}.)
Reverting the buffer with @kbd{g} deletes all inserted subdirectories,
and erases all flags and marks.
+@node Wdired
+@section Editing the Dired Buffer
+
+@cindex wdired mode
+@findex wdired-change-to-wdired-mode
+ Wdired is a special mode that allows you to perform file operations
+by editing the Dired buffer directly (the ``W'' in ``Wdired'' stands
+for ``writable''.) To enter Wdired mode, type @kbd{M-x
+wdired-change-to-wdired-mode} while in a Dired buffer. Alternatively,
+use @samp{Edit File Names} in the @samp{Immediate} menu bar menu.
+
+@findex wdired-finish-edit
+ While in Wdired mode, you can rename files by editing the file names
+displayed in the Dired buffer. All the ordinary Emacs editing
+commands, including rectangle operations and @code{query-replace}, are
+available for this. Once you are done editing, type @kbd{C-c C-c}
+(@code{wdired-finish-edit}). This applies your changes and switches
+back to ordinary Dired mode.
+
+ Apart from simply renaming files, you can move a file to another
+directory by typing in the new file name (either absolute or
+relative). To mark a file for deletion, delete the entire filename.
+To change the target of a symbolic link, just edit the target name
+displayed next to the link name.
+
+ The rest of the text in the buffer, such as the file sizes and
+modification dates, is marked read-only, so you can't edit it.
+However, if you set @code{wdired-allow-to-change-permissions} to
+@code{t}, the file permission bits can also be edited. For example,
+you can change @samp{-rw-r--r--} to @samp{-rw-rw-rw-} to make a file
+world-writable. These changes also take effect when you type @kbd{C-c
+C-c}.
+
@node Misc Dired Features
@section Other Dired Features
@findex dired-copy-filename-as-kill
The @kbd{w} command (@code{dired-copy-filename-as-kill}) puts the
names of the marked (or next @var{n}) files into the kill ring, as if
-you had killed them with @kbd{C-w}.
+you had killed them with @kbd{C-w}. The names are separated by a space.
The main purpose of this command is so that you can yank the file
names into arguments for other Emacs commands. It also displays what
was pushed onto the kill ring, so you can use it to display the list
of currently marked files in the echo area. With a zero prefix
-argument @var{n}=0, this uses the absolute file name of each marked
-file. With just @kbd{C-u} as the prefix argument, it uses the
-relative file name of each marked file. As a special case, if no
-prefix argument is given and point is on a directory headerline,
-@kbd{w} gives you the name of that directory without looking for
-marked files.
-
+argument, this uses the absolute file name of each marked file. With
+just @kbd{C-u} as the prefix argument, it uses file names relative to
+the Dired buffer's default directory. (This can still contain slashes
+if in a subdirectory.) As a special case, if point is on a directory
+headerline, @kbd{w} gives you the absolute name of that directory.
+Any prefix argument or marked files are ignored in this case.
+
+@findex dired-compare-directories
+ The command @kbd{M-x dired-compare-directories} is used to compare
+the current Dired buffer with another directory. It marks all the files
+that are ``different'' between the two directories. It puts these marks
+in all Dired buffers where these files are listed, which of course includes
+the current buffer.
+
+ The default comparison method (used if you type @key{RET} at the
+prompt) is to compare just the file names---each file name that does
+not appear in the other directory is ``different''. You can specify
+more stringent comparisons by entering a Lisp expression, which can
+refer to the variables @code{size1} and @code{size2}, the respective
+file sizes; @code{mtime1} and @code{mtime2}, the last modification
+times in seconds, as floating point numers; and @code{fa1} and
+@code{fa2}, the respective file attribute lists (as returned by the
+function @code{file-attributes}). This expression is evaluated for
+each pair of like-named files, and if the expression's value is
+non-@code{nil}, those files are considered ``different''.
+
+ For instance, @code{M-x dired-compare-directories @key{RET} (>
+mtime1 mtime2) @key{RET}} marks files newer in this directory than in
+the other, and marks files older in the other directory than in this
+one. It also marks files with no counterpart, in both directories, as
+always.
+
+@cindex drag and drop, Dired
On the X window system, Emacs supports the ``drag and drop''
protocol. You can drag a file object from another program, and drop
it onto a Dired buffer; this either moves, copies, or creates a link