@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
+@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top
@chapter Multiple Windows
* Force Same Window:: Forcing certain buffers to appear in the selected
window rather than in another window.
* Change Window:: Deleting windows and changing their sizes.
+* Window Convenience:: Convenience functions for window handling.
@end menu
@node Basic Window
Each Emacs window displays one Emacs buffer at any time. A single
buffer may appear in more than one window; if it does, any changes in
-its text are displayed in all the windows where it appears. But the
-windows showing the same buffer can show different parts of it, because
-each window has its own value of point.
+its text are displayed in all the windows where it appears. But these
+windows can show different parts of the buffer, because each window
+has its own value of point.
@cindex selected window
- At any time, one of the windows is the @dfn{selected window}; the
+ At any time, one Emacs window is the @dfn{selected window}; the
buffer this window is displaying is the current buffer. The terminal's
cursor shows the location of point in this window. Each other window
-has a location of point as well, but since the terminal has only one
-cursor there is no way to show where those locations are. When multiple
-frames are visible in X Windows, each frame has a cursor which appears
-in the frame's selected window. The cursor in the selected frame is
-solid; the cursor in other frames is a hollow box.
+has a location of point as well. On text-only terminals, there is no
+way to show where those locations are, since the terminal has only one
+cursor. On a graphical display, the location of point in a
+non-selected window is indicated by a hollow box; the cursor in the
+selected window is blinking or solid.
Commands to move point affect the value of point for the selected Emacs
-window only. They do not change the value of point in any other Emacs
-window, even one showing the same buffer. The same is true for commands
-such as @kbd{C-x b} to change the selected buffer in the selected window;
+window only. They do not change the value of point in other Emacs
+windows, even those showing the same buffer. The same is true for commands
+such as @kbd{C-x b} to switch buffers in the selected window;
they do not affect other windows at all. However, there are other commands
such as @kbd{C-x 4 b} that select a different window and switch buffers in
it. Also, all commands that display information in a window, including
Each window has its own mode line, which displays the buffer name,
modification status and major and minor modes of the buffer that is
-displayed in the window. @xref{Mode Line}, for full details on the mode
-line.
+displayed in the window. The selected window's mode line appears in a
+different color. @xref{Mode Line}, for full details on the mode line.
@iftex
@break
@findex split-window-horizontally
@kbd{C-x 3} (@code{split-window-horizontally}) breaks the selected
window into two side-by-side windows. A numeric argument specifies how
-many columns to give the one on the left. A line of vertical bars
-separates the two windows. Windows that are not the full width of the
-screen have mode lines, but they are truncated. On terminals where
-Emacs does not support highlighting, truncated mode lines sometimes do
-not appear in inverse video.
+many columns to give the one on the left. If you are not using
+scrollbars, a vertical line separates the two windows.
+You can customize its color with the face @code{vertical-border}.
+Windows that are not the full width of the screen have mode lines, but
+they are truncated. On terminals where Emacs does not support
+highlighting, truncated mode lines sometimes do not appear in inverse
+video.
@kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)}
You can split a window horizontally or vertically by clicking
@kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the mode line or the scroll bar. The line of
splitting goes through the place where you click: if you click on the
mode line, the new scroll bar goes above the spot; if you click in the
-scroll bar, the mode line of the split window is side by side with your
-click.
+scroll bar, the mode line of the split window is side by side with
+your click.
@vindex truncate-partial-width-windows
- When a window is less than the full width, text lines too long to fit are
-frequent. Continuing all those lines might be confusing. The variable
-@code{truncate-partial-width-windows} can be set non-@code{nil} to force
-truncation in all windows less than the full width of the screen,
-independent of the buffer being displayed and its value for
-@code{truncate-lines}. @xref{Continuation Lines}.@refill
+ When a window is less than the full width, text lines too long to
+fit are frequent. Continuing all those lines might be confusing, so
+if the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is
+non-@code{nil}, that forces truncation in all windows less than the
+full width of the screen, independent of the buffer being displayed
+and its value for @code{truncate-lines}. @xref{Display Custom}.
Horizontal scrolling is often used in side-by-side windows.
-@xref{Display}.
+@xref{Horizontal Scrolling}.
@vindex split-window-keep-point
- If @code{split-window-keep-point} is non-@code{nil}, the default, both
-of the windows resulting from @kbd{C-x 2} inherit the value of point
-from the window that was split. This means that scrolling is
+ If @code{split-window-keep-point} is non-@code{nil}, the default,
+both of the windows resulting from @kbd{C-x 2} inherit the value of
+point from the window that was split. This means that scrolling is
inevitable. If this variable is @code{nil}, then @kbd{C-x 2} tries to
-avoid shifting any text the screen, by putting point in each window at a
-position already visible in the window. It also selects whichever
-window contain the screen line that the cursor was previously on. Some
-users prefer the latter mode on slow terminals.
+avoid scrolling the text currently visible on the screen, by putting
+point in each window at a position already visible in the window. It
+also selects whichever window contains the screen line that the cursor
+was previously on. Some users prefer that mode on slow terminals.
@node Other Window
@section Using Other Windows
@findex other-window
To select a different window, click with @kbd{Mouse-1} on its mode
line. With the keyboard, you can switch windows by typing @kbd{C-x o}
-(@code{other-window}). That is an @kbd{o}, for `other', not a zero.
+(@code{other-window}). That is an @kbd{o}, for ``other,'' not a zero.
When there are more than two windows, this command moves through all the
windows in a cyclic order, generally top to bottom and left to right.
After the rightmost and bottommost window, it goes back to the one at
buffers visible in two windows, by moving through them to the next
mismatch. @xref{Comparing Files}, for details.
+@vindex mouse-autoselect-window
+ If you set @code{mouse-autoselect-window} to a non-@code{nil} value,
+moving the mouse into a different window selects that window. This
+feature is off by default.
+
@node Pop Up Window
@section Displaying in Another Window
Certain Emacs commands switch to a specific buffer with special
contents. For example, @kbd{M-x shell} switches to a buffer named
-@samp{*Shell*}. By convention, all these commands are written to pop up
+@samp{*shell*}. By convention, all these commands are written to pop up
the buffer in a separate window. But you can specify that certain of
these buffers should appear in the selected window.
(@code{shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer}).
@item C-x +
Make all windows the same height (@code{balance-windows}).
-@item Drag-Mouse-1
-Dragging a window's mode line up or down with @kbd{Mouse-1} changes
-window heights.
-@item Mouse-2
-@kbd{Mouse-2} in a window's mode line deletes all other windows in the frame
-(@code{mouse-delete-other-windows}).
-@item Mouse-3
-@kbd{Mouse-3} in a window's mode line deletes that window
-(@code{mouse-delete-window}).
@end table
@kindex C-x 0
the minibuffer); the selected window expands to use the whole frame
except for the echo area.
- You can also delete a window by clicking on its mode line with
-@kbd{Mouse-2}, and delete all the windows in a frame except one window
-by clicking on that window's mode line with @kbd{Mouse-3}.
-
- The easiest way to adjust window heights is with a mouse. If you
-press @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line, you can drag that mode line up or
-down, changing the heights of the windows above and below it.
-
@kindex C-x ^
@findex enlarge-window
@kindex C-x @}
@vindex window-min-width
To readjust the division of space among vertically adjacent windows,
use @kbd{C-x ^} (@code{enlarge-window}). It makes the currently
-selected window get one line bigger, or as many lines as is specified
+selected window one line bigger, or as many lines as is specified
with a numeric argument. With a negative argument, it makes the
selected window smaller. @kbd{C-x @}}
(@code{enlarge-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window wider by
(@code{shrink-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window narrower
by the specified number of columns.
- When you make a window bigger, the space comes from one of its
-neighbors. If this makes any window too small, it is deleted and its
-space is given to an adjacent window. The minimum size is specified by
-the variables @code{window-min-height} and @code{window-min-width}.
+ When you make a window bigger, the space comes from its peers. If
+this makes any window too small, it is deleted and its space is given
+to an adjacent window. The minimum size is specified by the variables
+@code{window-min-height} and @code{window-min-width}.
@kindex C-x -
@findex shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer
You can also use @kbd{C-x +} (@code{balance-windows}) to even out the
heights of all the windows in the selected frame.
- @xref{Minibuffer Edit}, for information about the Resize-Minibuffer
-mode, which automatically changes the size of the minibuffer window to
-fit the text in the minibuffer.
+ Mouse clicks on the mode line provide another way to change window
+heights and to delete windows. @xref{Mode Line Mouse}.
+
+@node Window Convenience
+@section Window Handling Convenience Features and Customization
+
+@findex winner-mode
+@cindex Winner mode
+@cindex mode, Winner
+@cindex undoing window configuration changes
+@cindex window configuration changes, undoing
+ @kbd{M-x winner-mode} is a global minor mode that records the
+changes in the window configuration (i.e. how the frames are
+partitioned into windows), so that you can ``undo'' them. To undo,
+use @kbd{C-c left} (@code{winner-undo}). If you change your mind
+while undoing, you can redo the changes you had undone using @kbd{C-c
+right} (@code{M-x winner-redo}). Another way to enable Winner mode is
+by customizing the variable @code{winner-mode}.
+
+@cindex Windmove package
+@cindex directional window selection
+@findex windmove-right
+@findex windmove-default-keybindings
+ The Windmove commands move directionally between neighboring windows in
+a frame. @kbd{M-x windmove-right} selects the window immediately to the
+right of the currently selected one, and similarly for the ``left,'' ``up,''
+and ``down'' counterparts. @kbd{M-x windmove-default-keybindings} binds
+these commands to @kbd{S-right} etc. (Not all terminals support shifted
+arrow keys, however.)
+
+ Follow minor mode (@kbd{M-x follow-mode}) synchronizes several
+windows on the same buffer so that they always display adjacent
+sections of that buffer. @xref{Follow Mode}.
+
+@vindex scroll-all-mode
+@cindex scrolling windows together
+@cindex Scroll-all mode
+@cindex mode, Scroll-all
+ @kbd{M-x scroll-all-mode} provides commands to scroll all visible
+windows together. You can also turn it on by customizing the variable
+@code{scroll-all-mode}. The commands provided are @kbd{M-x
+scroll-all-scroll-down-all}, @kbd{M-x scroll-all-page-down-all} and
+their corresponding ``up'' equivalents. To make this mode useful,
+you should bind these commands to appropriate keys.
+
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: 8bea7453-d4b1-49b1-9bf4-cfe4383e1113
+@end ignore