@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1995, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+@c 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@ifclear justgnu
-@node Manifesto,, MS-DOS, Top
+@node Manifesto,, Microsoft Windows, Top
@unnumbered The GNU Manifesto
@end ifclear
@ifset justgnu
-Copyright (C) 1985, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
-of this document, in any medium, provided that the
-copyright notice and permission notice are preserved,
-and that the distributor grants the recipient permission
-for further redistribution as permitted by this notice.
-
-Modified versions may not be made.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1985, 1993, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
+2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
+Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
+license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
+License'' in the Emacs manual.
+
+(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
+this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
+Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
+
+This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
+Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
+separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
+license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
@node Top
@top The GNU Manifesto
that different wording could help avoid. Footnotes added in 1993 help
clarify these points.
-For up-to-date information about the available GNU software, please see
-the latest issue of the GNU's Bulletin. The list is much too long to
-include here.
+For up-to-date information about the available GNU software, please
+see @uref{http://www.gnu.org}. For software tasks to work on, see
+@uref{http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/tasklist}. For other ways to
+contribute, see @uref{http://www.gnu.org/help}.
@end quotation
@unnumberedsec What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!
Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system
software free, just like air.@footnote{This is another place I failed to
-distinguish carefully between the two different meanings of ``free''.
+distinguish carefully between the two different meanings of ``free.''
The statement as it stands is not false---you can get copies of GNU
software at no charge, from your friends or over the net. But it does
suggest the wrong idea.}
other people's lives; and it is usually used to make their lives more
difficult.
-People who have studied the issue of intellectual property rights carefully
+People who have studied the issue of intellectual property
+rights@footnote{In the 80s I had not yet realized how confusing it was
+to speak of ``the issue'' of ``intellectual property.'' That term is
+obviously biased; more subtle is the fact that it lumps together
+various disparate laws which raise very different issues. Nowadays I
+urge people to reject the term ``intellectual property'' entirely,
+lest it lead others to suppose that those laws form one coherent
+issue. The way to be clear is to discuss patents, copyrights, and
+trademarks separately. See
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.xhtml} for more
+explanation of how this term spreads confusion and bias.} carefully
(such as lawyers) say that there is no intrinsic right to intellectual
property. The kinds of supposed intellectual property rights that the
government recognizes were created by specific acts of legislation for
The sale of teaching, hand-holding and maintenance services could also
employ programmers.
-People with new ideas could distribute programs as freeware, asking for
-donations from satisfied users, or selling hand-holding services. I have
-met people who are already working this way successfully.
+People with new ideas could distribute programs as
+freeware@footnote{Subsequently we have learned to distinguish between
+"free software" and "freeware". The term "freeware" means software
+you are free to redistribute, but usually you are not free to study
+and change the source code, so most of it is not free software. See
+@uref{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html} for more
+explanation.}, asking for donations from satisfied users, or selling
+hand-holding services. I have met people who are already working this
+way successfully.
Users with related needs can form users' groups, and pay dues. A group
would contract with programming companies to write programs that the
software will greatly reduce these drains in the area of software
production. We must do this, in order for technical gains in productivity
to translate into less work for us.
+
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: 21eb38f8-6fa0-480a-91cd-f3dab7148542
+@end ignore