@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Command Arguments, Antinews, Service, Top
+@node Command Arguments, X Resources, Service, Top
@appendix Command Line Arguments
@cindex command line arguments
@cindex arguments (command line)
Arguments starting with @samp{-} are @dfn{options}. Other arguments
specify files to visit. Emacs visits the specified files while it
-starts up. The last file name on your command line becomes the current
-buffer; the other files are also present in other buffers. As usual,
-the special argument @samp{--} says that all subsequent arguments
-are file names, not options, even if they start with @samp{-}.
+starts up. The last file name on your command line becomes the
+current buffer; the other files are also visited in other buffers. If
+there are two files, they are both displayed; otherwise the last file
+is displayed along with a buffer list that shows what other buffers
+there are. As with most programs, the special argument @samp{--} says
+that all subsequent arguments are file names, not options, even if
+they start with @samp{-}.
Emacs command options can specify many things, such as the size and
position of the X window Emacs uses, its colors, and so on. A few
Most options specify how to initialize Emacs, or set parameters for
the Emacs session. We call them @dfn{initial options}. A few options
specify things to do: for example, load libraries, call functions, or
-exit Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file
+terminate Emacs. These are called @dfn{action options}. These and file
names together are called @dfn{action arguments}. Emacs processes all
the action arguments in the order they are written.
* Command Example:: Examples of using command line arguments.
* Resume Arguments:: Specifying arguments when you resume a running Emacs.
* Environment:: Environment variables that Emacs uses.
-
* Display X:: Changing the default display and using remote login.
* Font X:: Choosing a font for text, under X.
-* Colors X:: Choosing colors, under X.
+* Colors:: Choosing display colors.
* Window Size X:: Start-up window size, under X.
* Borders X:: Internal and external borders, under X.
* Title X:: Specifying the initial frame's title.
* Icons X:: Choosing what sort of icon to use, under X.
-* Resources X:: Advanced use of classes and resources, under X.
-* Lucid Resources:: X resources for Lucid menus.
-* LessTif Resources:: X resources for LessTif and Motif menus.
@end menu
@node Action Arguments
@table @samp
@item @var{file}
+@opindex --visit
@itemx --visit=@var{file}
+@opindex --file
@itemx --file=@var{file}
+@cindex visiting files, command-line argument
Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}. @xref{Visiting}.
@item +@var{linenum} @var{file}
+@opindex +@var{linenum}
Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number
@var{linenum} in it.
+@item +@var{linenum}:@var{columnnum} @var{file}
+Visit @var{file} using @code{find-file}, then go to line number
+@var{linenum} and put point at column number @var{columnnum}.
+
@need 3000
@item -l @var{file}
+@opindex -l
@itemx --load=@var{file}
+@opindex --load
+@cindex loading Lisp libraries, command-line argument
Load a Lisp library named @var{file} with the function @code{load}.
@xref{Lisp Libraries}. The library can be found either in the current
directory, or in the Emacs library search path as specified
with @env{EMACSLOADPATH} (@pxref{General Variables}).
@item -f @var{function}
+@opindex -f
@itemx --funcall=@var{function}
+@opindex --funcall
+@cindex call Lisp functions, command-line argument
Call Lisp function @var{function} with no arguments.
@item --eval=@var{expression}
+@opindex --eval
@itemx --execute=@var{expression}
+@opindex --execute
+@cindex evaluate expression, command-line argument
Evaluate Lisp expression @var{expression}.
@item --insert=@var{file}
+@opindex --insert
+@cindex insert file contents, command-line argument
Insert the contents of @var{file} into the current buffer. This is like
what @kbd{M-x insert-file} does. @xref{Misc File Ops}.
@item --kill
+@opindex --kill
Exit from Emacs without asking for confirmation.
@end table
@table @samp
@item -t @var{device}
+@opindex -t
@itemx --terminal=@var{device}
+@opindex --terminal
+@cindex device for Emacs terminal I/O
Use @var{device} as the device for terminal input and output.
@item -d @var{display}
+@opindex -d
@itemx --display=@var{display}
+@opindex --display
+@cindex display for Emacs frame
Use the X Window System and use the display named @var{display} to open
-the initial Emacs frame.
+the initial Emacs frame. @xref{Display X}, for more details.
@item -nw
-@itemx --no-windows
+@opindex -nw
+@itemx --no-window-system
+@opindex --no-window-system
+@cindex disable window system
Don't communicate directly with the window system, disregarding the
-@env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This forces Emacs
-to run as if the display were a text-only terminal.
+@env{DISPLAY} environment variable even if it is set. This means that
+Emacs uses the terminal from which it was launched for all its display
+and input.
@need 3000
@cindex batch mode
@item -batch
+@opindex --batch
@itemx --batch
Run Emacs in @dfn{batch mode}, which means that the text being edited is
not displayed and the standard terminal interrupt characters such as
@kbd{C-z} and @kbd{C-c} continue to have their normal effect. Emacs in
-batch mode outputs to @code{stderr} only what would normally be printed
+batch mode outputs to @code{stderr} only what would normally be displayed
in the echo area under program control, and functions which would
normally read from the minibuffer take their input from @code{stdin}.
or @samp{-f} option will be used as well, to invoke a Lisp program
to do the batch processing.
-@samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also causes
-Emacs to kill itself after all command options have been processed. In
-addition, auto-saving is not done except in buffers for which it has been
-explicitly requested.
+@samp{-batch} implies @samp{-q} (do not load an init file). It also
+causes Emacs to exit after processing all the command options. In
+addition, it disables auto-saving except in buffers for which it has
+been explicitly requested.
@item -q
+@opindex -q
@itemx --no-init-file
+@opindex --no-init-file
+@cindex bypassing init and site-start file
+@cindex init file, not loading
+@cindex @file{default.el} file, not loading
Do not load your Emacs init file @file{~/.emacs}, or @file{default.el}
-either.
+either. When invoked like this, Emacs does not allow saving options
+changed with the @kbd{M-x customize} command and its variants.
+@xref{Easy Customization}.
@item --no-site-file
+@opindex --no-site-file
+@cindex @file{site-start.el} file, not loading
Do not load @file{site-start.el}. The options @samp{-q}, @samp{-u}
and @samp{-batch} have no effect on the loading of this file---this is
the only option that blocks it.
@item -u @var{user}
+@opindex -u
@itemx --user=@var{user}
+@opindex --user
+@cindex load init file of another user
Load @var{user}'s Emacs init file @file{~@var{user}/.emacs} instead of
your own.
@item --debug-init
+@opindex --debug-init
+@cindex errors in init file
Enable the Emacs Lisp debugger for errors in the init file.
@item --unibyte
+@opindex --unibyte
@cindex unibyte operation, command-line argument
-Set up to do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings.
+Do almost everything with single-byte buffers and strings.
All buffers and strings are unibyte unless you (or a Lisp program)
explicitly ask for a multibyte buffer or string. (Note that Emacs
always loads Lisp files in multibyte mode, even if @samp{--unibyte} is
variable @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE} has the same effect.
@item --multibyte
+@opindex --multibyte
Inhibit the effect of @env{EMACS_UNIBYTE}, so that Emacs
uses multibyte characters by default, as usual.
@end table
a suspension. To prepare for this, put the following code in your
@file{.emacs} file (@pxref{Hooks}):
+@c `resume-suspend-hook' is correct. It is the name of a function.
@example
(add-hook 'suspend-hook 'resume-suspend-hook)
(add-hook 'suspend-resume-hook 'resume-process-args)
@end example
As further preparation, you must execute the shell script
-@file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash} (if
-you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named
+@file{emacs.csh} (if you use csh as your shell) or @file{emacs.bash}
+(if you use bash as your shell). These scripts define an alias named
@code{edit}, which will resume Emacs giving it new command line
-arguments such as files to visit.
+arguments such as files to visit. The scripts are found in the
+@file{etc} subdirectory of the Emacs distribution.
Only action arguments work properly when you resume Emacs. Initial
arguments are not recognized---it's too late to execute them anyway.
within the shell that is the parent of the Emacs job. This is why
@code{edit} is an alias rather than a program or a shell script. It is
not possible to implement a resumption command that could be run from
-other subjobs of the shell; no way to define a command that could be
-made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature
+other subjobs of the shell; there is no way to define a command that could
+be made the value of @env{EDITOR}, for example. Therefore, this feature
does not take the place of the Emacs Server feature (@pxref{Emacs
Server}).
server Emacs running. However, they cannot determine this with complete
accuracy. They may think that a server is still running when in
actuality you have killed that Emacs, because the file
-@file{/tmp/.esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that
+@file{/tmp/esrv@dots{}} still exists. If this happens, find that
file and delete it.
@node Environment
setenv ORGANIZATION "not very much"
@end example
- When Emacs is set-up to use the X Window System, it inherits the use
+ When Emacs is uses the X Window System, it inherits the use
of a large number of environment variables from the X libraries. See
the X documentation for more information.
@item CDPATH
Used by the @code{cd} command to search for the directory you specify,
when you specify a relative directory name.
-@item DOMAINNAME
-The name of the Internet domain that the machine running Emacs is
-located in. Used by the Gnus package.
@item EMACS_UNIBYTE
@cindex unibyte operation, environment variable
Defining this environment variable with a nonempty value directs Emacs
inside Emacs.
@cindex background mode, on @code{xterm}
@item TERM
-The name of the terminal that Emacs is running on. The variable must be
+The type of the terminal that Emacs is using. This variable must be
set unless Emacs is run in batch mode. On MS-DOS, it defaults to
@samp{internal}, which specifies a built-in terminal emulation that
handles the machine's own display. If the value of @env{TERM} indicates
foreground (the first character) and the background (the second
character) colors of the default face. Each character should be the
hexadecimal code for the desired color on a standard PC text-mode
-display. For example, to get blue text on a lightgray backgraound,
+display. For example, to get blue text on a light gray background,
specify @samp{EMACSCOLORS=17}, since 1 is the code of the blue color and
-7 is the code of the lightgray color.
+7 is the code of the light gray color.
The PC display usually supports only eight background colors. However,
Emacs switches the DOS display to a mode where all 16 colors can be used
@cindex @env{DISPLAY} environment variable
The environment variable @env{DISPLAY} tells all X clients, including
-Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set up by default
+Emacs, where to display their windows. Its value is set by default
in ordinary circumstances, when you start an X server and run jobs
locally. Occasionally you may need to specify the display yourself; for
example, if you do a remote login and want to run a client program
@table @samp
@item -fn @var{name}
+@opindex -fn
@itemx --font=@var{name}
+@opindex --font
+@cindex specify default font from the command line
Use font @var{name} as the default font.
@end table
Normally you should use @samp{iso8859-1}.
@end table
+@cindex listing system fonts
You will probably want to use a fixed-width default font---that is,
a font in which all characters have the same width. Any font with
@samp{m} or @samp{c} in the @var{spacing} field of the long name is a
(@pxref{Frame Parameters}) or for a specific kind of text
(@pxref{Faces}).
-@node Colors X
+@node Colors
@appendixsec Window Color Options
-@cindex color of window (X Window System)
+@cindex color of window
@cindex text colors, from command line
@findex list-colors-display
Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying colors:
@table @samp
-@item -fg @var{color}
-@itemx --foreground-color=@var{color}
+@item -fg @var{color}
+@opindex -fg
+@itemx --foreground-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --foreground-color
+@cindex foreground color, command-line argument
Specify the foreground color. @var{color} should be a standard color
name, or a numeric specification of the color's red, green, and blue
components as in @samp{#4682B4} or @samp{RGB:46/82/B4}.
-@item -bg @var{color}
-@itemx --background-color=@var{color}
+@item -bg @var{color}
+@opindex -bg
+@itemx --background-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --background-color
+@cindex background color, command-line argument
Specify the background color.
-@item -bd @var{color}
-@itemx --border-color=@var{color}
+@item -bd @var{color}
+@opindex -bd
+@itemx --border-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --border-color
+@cindex border color, command-line argument
Specify the color of the border of the X window.
-@item -cr @var{color}
-@itemx --cursor-color=@var{color}
+@item -cr @var{color}
+@opindex -cr
+@itemx --cursor-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --cursor-color
+@cindex cursor color, command-line argument
Specify the color of the Emacs cursor which indicates where point is.
-@item -ms @var{color}
-@itemx --mouse-color=@var{color}
+@item -ms @var{color}
+@opindex -ms
+@itemx --mouse-color=@var{color}
+@opindex --mouse-color
+@cindex mouse pointer color, command-line argument
Specify the color for the mouse cursor when the mouse is in the Emacs window.
@item -r
+@opindex -r
@itemx -rv
+@opindex -rv
@itemx --reverse-video
+@opindex --reverse-video
+@cindex reverse video, command-line argument
Reverse video---swap the foreground and background colors.
+@item --color=@var{mode}
+@opindex --color
+@cindex standard colors on a character terminal
+For a character terminal only, specify the mode of color support. The
+parameter @var{mode} can be one of the following:
+@table @samp
+@item never
+@itemx no
+Don't use colors even if the terminal's capabilities specify color
+support.
+@item default
+@itemx auto
+Same as when @option{--color} is not used at all: Emacs detects at
+startup whether the terminal supports colors, and if it does, turns on
+colored display.
+@item always
+@itemx yes
+@itemx ansi8
+Turn on the color support unconditionally, and use color commands
+specified by the ANSI escape sequences for the 8 standard colors.
+@item @var{num}
+Use color mode for @var{num} colors. If @var{num} is -1, turn off
+color support (equivalent to @samp{never}); if it is 0, use the
+default color support for this terminal (equivalent to @samp{auto});
+otherwise use an appropriate standard mode for @var{num} colors. If
+there is no mode that supports @var{num} colors, Emacs acts as if
+@var{num} were 0, i.e.@: it uses the terminal's default color support
+mode.
+@end table
+If @var{mode} is omitted, it defaults to @var{ansi8}.
@end table
For example, to use a coral mouse cursor and a slate blue text cursor,
@end example
You can reverse the foreground and background colors through the
-@samp{-r} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}.
+@samp{-rv} option or with the X resource @samp{reverseVideo}.
The @samp{-fg}, @samp{-bg}, and @samp{-rv} options function on
text-only terminals as well as on window systems.
@node Window Size X
-@appendixsec Options for Window Geometry
-@cindex geometry (X Window System)
+@appendixsec Options for Window Size and Position
+@cindex geometry of Emacs window
+@cindex position and size of Emacs frame
+@cindex width and height of Emacs frame
+@cindex specifying fullscreen for Emacs frame
- The @samp{-geometry} option controls the size and position of the
-initial Emacs frame. Here is the format for specifying the window
-geometry:
+ Here is a list of the command-line options for specifying size and
+position of the initial Emacs frame:
@table @samp
-@item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}
+@item -g @var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]}
+@opindex -g
Specify window size @var{width} and @var{height} (measured in character
columns and lines), and positions @var{xoffset} and @var{yoffset}
(measured in pixels).
-@item --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}
+@item --geometry=@var{width}x@var{height}@r{[@{}+-@r{@}}@var{xoffset}@r{@{}+-@r{@}}@var{yoffset}@r{]]}
+@opindex --geometry
This is another way of writing the same thing.
+
+@item -fs
+@opindex -fs
+@itemx --fullscreen
+@opindex --fullscreen
+@cindex fullscreen, command-line argument
+Specify that width and height shall be the size of the screen.
+
+@item -fh
+@opindex -fh
+@itemx --fullheight
+@opindex --fullheight
+@cindex fullheight, command-line argument
+Specify that the height shall be the height of the screen.
+
+@item -fw
+@opindex -fw
+@itemx --fullwidth
+@opindex --fullwidth
+@cindex fullwidth, command-line argument
+Specify that the width shall be the width of the screen.
@end table
+
@noindent
-@code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus sign or a minus sign. A plus
+In the @samp{--geometry} option, @code{@r{@{}+-@r{@}}} means either a plus
+ sign or a minus sign. A plus
sign before @var{xoffset} means it is the distance from the left side of
the screen; a minus sign means it counts from the right side. A plus
sign before @var{yoffset} means it is the distance from the top of the
@file{.Xdefaults} file, and then override selected fields with a
@samp{--geometry} option.
+
+ When using one of @samp{--fullscreen}, @samp{--fullwidth} or
+@samp{--fullheight} there may be some space around the frame
+anyway. That is because Emacs rounds the sizes so they are an
+even number of character heights and widths.
+
+ Some window managers have options that can make them ignore both
+program-specified and user-specified positions (sawfish is one).
+If these are set, Emacs fails to position the window correctly.
+
@node Borders X
@appendixsec Internal and External Borders
@cindex borders (X Window System)
An Emacs frame has an internal border and an external border. The
-internal border is an extra strip of the background color around all
-four edges of the frame. Emacs itself adds the internal border. The
-external border is added by the window manager outside the internal
-border; it may contain various boxes you can click on to move or iconify
-the window.
+internal border is an extra strip of the background color around the
+text portion of the frame. Emacs itself draws the internal border.
+The external border is added by the window manager outside the frame;
+depending on the window manager you use, it may contain various boxes
+you can click on to move or iconify the window.
@table @samp
@item -ib @var{width}
+@opindex -ib
@itemx --internal-border=@var{width}
+@opindex --internal-border
+@cindex border width, command-line argument
Specify @var{width} as the width of the internal border, in pixels.
@item -bw @var{width}
+@opindex -bw
@itemx --border-width=@var{width}
+@opindex --border-width
Specify @var{width} as the width of the main border, in pixels.
@end table
@appendixsec Frame Titles
An Emacs frame may or may not have a specified title. The frame
-title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the name
-of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the default
-title is the name of the executable program (if there is only one frame)
-or the selected window's buffer name (if there is more than one frame).
+title, if specified, appears in window decorations and icons as the
+name of the frame. If an Emacs frame has no specified title, the
+default title has the form @samp{@var{invocation-name}@@@var{machine}}
+(if there is only one frame) or the selected window's buffer name (if
+there is more than one frame).
You can specify a title for the initial Emacs frame with a command
line option:
@table @samp
@item -title @var{title}
+@opindex --title
@itemx --title=@var{title}
@itemx -T @var{title}
+@opindex -T
+@cindex frame title, command-line argument
Specify @var{title} as the title for the initial Emacs frame.
@end table
- The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources X}) also specifies the title
+ The @samp{--name} option (@pxref{Resources}) also specifies the title
for the initial Emacs frame.
@node Icons X
@table @samp
@item -i
+@opindex -i
@itemx --icon-type
+@opindex --icon-type
+@cindex Emacs icon, a gnu
Use a picture of a gnu as the Emacs icon.
@item -iconic
+@opindex --iconic
@itemx --iconic
+@cindex start iconified, command-line argument
Start Emacs in iconified state.
@end table
rather than showing a frame right away. In this situation, the icon
is the only indication that Emacs has started; the text frame doesn't
appear until you deiconify it.
-
-@node Resources X
-@appendixsec X Resources
-@cindex resources
-
- Programs running under the X Window System organize their user options
-under a hierarchy of classes and resources. You can specify default
-values for these options in your X resources file, usually named
-@file{~/.Xdefaults}.
-
- Each line in the file specifies a value for one option or for a
-collection of related options, for one program or for several programs
-(optionally even for all programs).
-
- Programs define named resources with particular meanings. They also
-define how to group resources into named classes. For instance, in
-Emacs, the @samp{internalBorder} resource controls the width of the
-internal border, and the @samp{borderWidth} resource controls the width
-of the external border. Both of these resources are part of the
-@samp{BorderWidth} class. Case distinctions are significant in these
-names.
-
- In @file{~/.Xdefaults}, you can specify a value for a single resource
-on one line, like this:
-
-@example
-emacs.borderWidth: 2
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Or you can use a class name to specify the same value for all resources
-in that class. Here's an example:
-
-@example
-emacs.BorderWidth: 2
-@end example
-
- If you specify a value for a class, it becomes the default for all
-resources in that class. You can specify values for individual
-resources as well; these override the class value, for those particular
-resources. Thus, this example specifies 2 as the default width for all
-borders, but overrides this value with 4 for the external border:
-
-@example
-emacs.Borderwidth: 2
-emacs.borderwidth: 4
-@end example
-
- The order in which the lines appear in the file does not matter.
-Also, command-line options always override the X resources file.
-
- The string @samp{emacs} in the examples above is also a resource
-name. It actually represents the name of the executable file that you
-invoke to run Emacs. If Emacs is installed under a different name, it
-looks for resources under that name instead of @samp{emacs}.
-
-@table @samp
-@item -name @var{name}
-@itemx --name=@var{name}
-Use @var{name} as the resource name (and the title) for the initial
-Emacs frame. This option does not affect subsequent frames, but Lisp
-programs can specify frame names when they create frames.
-
-If you don't specify this option, the default is to use the Emacs
-executable's name as the resource name.
-
-@item -xrm @var{resource-values}
-@itemx --xrm=@var{resource-values}
-Specify X resource values for this Emacs job (see below).
-@end table
-
- For consistency, @samp{-name} also specifies the name to use for
-other resource values that do not belong to any particular frame.
-
- The resources that name Emacs invocations also belong to a class; its
-name is @samp{Emacs}. If you write @samp{Emacs} instead of
-@samp{emacs}, the resource applies to all frames in all Emacs jobs,
-regardless of frame titles and regardless of the name of the executable
-file. Here is an example:
-
-@example
-Emacs.BorderWidth: 2
-Emacs.borderWidth: 4
-@end example
-
- You can specify a string of additional resource values for Emacs to
-use with the command line option @samp{-xrm @var{resources}}. The text
-@var{resources} should have the same format that you would use inside a file
-of X resources. To include multiple resource specifications in
-@var{resources}, put a newline between them, just as you would in a file.
-You can also use @samp{#include "@var{filename}"} to include a file full
-of resource specifications. Resource values specified with @samp{-xrm}
-take precedence over all other resource specifications.
-
- The following table lists the resource names that designate options
-for Emacs, each with the class that it belongs to:
-
-@table @asis
-@item @code{background} (class @code{Background})
-Background color name.
-
-@item @code{bitmapIcon} (class @code{BitmapIcon})
-Use a bitmap icon (a picture of a gnu) if @samp{on}, let the window
-manager choose an icon if @samp{off}.
-
-@item @code{borderColor} (class @code{BorderColor})
-Color name for the external border.
-
-@item @code{borderWidth} (class @code{BorderWidth})
-Width in pixels of the external border.
-
-@item @code{cursorColor} (class @code{Foreground})
-Color name for text cursor (point).
-
-@item @code{font} (class @code{Font})
-Font name for text (or fontset name, @pxref{Fontsets}).
-
-@item @code{foreground} (class @code{Foreground})
-Color name for text.
-
-@item @code{geometry} (class @code{Geometry})
-Window size and position. Be careful not to specify this resource as
-@samp{emacs*geometry}, because that may affect individual menus as well
-as the Emacs frame itself.
-
-If this resource specifies a position, that position applies only to the
-initial Emacs frame (or, in the case of a resource for a specific frame
-name, only that frame). However, the size if specified here applies to
-all frames.
-
-@item @code{iconName} (class @code{Title})
-Name to display in the icon.
-
-@item @code{internalBorder} (class @code{BorderWidth})
-Width in pixels of the internal border.
-
-@item @code{lineSpacing} (class LineSpacing)
-@cindex line spacing
-@cindex leading
-Additional space (@dfn{leading}) between lines, in pixels.
-
-@item @code{menuBar} (class @code{MenuBar})
-Give frames menu bars if @samp{on}; don't have menu bars if @samp{off}.
-
-@item @code{toolBar} (class @code{ToolBar})
-Number of lines to reserve for the tool bar. A zero value suppresses
-the tool bar. If the value is non-zero and
-@code{auto-resize-tool-bars} is non-@code{nil}, the tool bar's size
-will be changed automatically so that all tool bar items are visible.
-
-@item @code{minibuffer} (class @code{Minibuffer})
-If @samp{none}, don't make a minibuffer in this frame.
-It will use a separate minibuffer frame instead.
-
-@item @code{paneFont} (class @code{Font})
-Font name for menu pane titles, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs.
-
-@item @code{pointerColor} (class @code{Foreground})
-Color of the mouse cursor.
-
-@ignore
-@item @code{privateColormap} (class @code{PrivateColormap})
-If @samp{on}, use a private colormap, in the case where the ``default
-visual'' of class PseudoColor and Emacs is using it.
-@end ignore
-
-@item @code{reverseVideo} (class @code{ReverseVideo})
-Switch foreground and background default colors if @samp{on}, use colors as
-specified if @samp{off}.
-
-@item @code{screenGamma} (class @code{ScreenGamma})
-@cindex gamma correction
-Gamma correction for colors, equivalent to the frame parameter
-@code{screen-gamma}.
-
-@item @code{selectionFont} (class @code{Font})
-Font name for pop-up menu items, in non-toolkit versions of Emacs. (For
-toolkit versions, see @ref{Lucid Resources}, also see @ref{LessTif
-Resources}.)
-
-@item @code{synchronous} (class @code{Synchronous})
-Run Emacs in synchronous mode if @samp{on}. Synchronous mode is
-useful for debugging X problems.
-
-@item @code{title} (class @code{Title})
-Name to display in the title bar of the initial Emacs frame.
-
-@item @code{verticalScrollBars} (class @code{ScrollBars})
-Give frames scroll bars if @samp{on}; don't have scroll bars if
-@samp{off}.
-@end table
-
- Here are resources for controlling the appearance of particular faces
-(@pxref{Faces}):
-
-@table @code
-@item @var{face}.attributeFont
-Font for face @var{face}.
-@item @var{face}.attributeForeground
-Foreground color for face @var{face}.
-@item @var{face}.attributeBackground
-Background color for face @var{face}.
-@item @var{face}.attributeUnderline
-Underline flag for face @var{face}. Use @samp{on} or @samp{true} for
-yes.
-@end table
-
-@node Lucid Resources
-@section Lucid Menu X Resources
-@cindex Menu X Resources (Lucid widgets)
-@cindex Lucid Widget X Resources
-
- If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit
-with the Lucid menu widgets, then the menu bar is a separate widget and
-has its own resources. The resource names contain @samp{pane.menubar}
-(following, as always, the name of the Emacs invocation or @samp{Emacs}
-which stands for all Emacs invocations). Specify them like this:
-
-@example
-Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{resource}: @var{value}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items,
-write this:
-
-@example
-Emacs.pane.menubar.font: 8x16
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Resources for @emph{non-menubar} toolkit pop-up menus have
-@samp{menu*}, in like fashion. For example, to specify the font
-@samp{8x16} for the pop-up menu items, write this:
-
-@example
-Emacs.menu*.font: 8x16
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-For dialog boxes, use @samp{dialog} instead of @samp{menu}:
-
-@example
-Emacs.dialog*.font: 8x16
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Experience shows that on some systems you may need to add
-@samp{shell.}@: before the @samp{pane.menubar} or @samp{menu*}. On
-some other systems, you must not add @samp{shell.}.
-
- Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus:
-
-@table @code
-@item font
-Font for menu item text.
-@item foreground
-Color of the foreground.
-@item background
-Color of the background.
-@item buttonForeground
-In the menu bar, the color of the foreground for a selected item.
-@item horizontalSpacing
-Horizontal spacing in pixels between items. Default is 3.
-@item verticalSpacing
-Vertical spacing in pixels between items. Default is 1.
-@item arrowSpacing
-Horizontal spacing between the arrow (which indicates a submenu) and
-the associated text. Default is 10.
-@item shadowThickness
-Thickness of shadow line around the widget.
-@item margin
-The margin of the menu bar, in characters. The default of 4 makes the
-menu bar appear like the LessTif/Motif one.
-@end table
-
-@node LessTif Resources
-@section LessTif Menu X Resources
-@cindex Menu X Resources (LessTif widgets)
-@cindex LessTif Widget X Resources
-
- If the Emacs installed at your site was built to use the X toolkit
-with the LessTif or Motif widgets, then the menu bar is a separate
-widget and has its own resources. The resource names contain
-@samp{pane.menubar} (following, as always, the name of the Emacs
-invocation or @samp{Emacs} which stands for all Emacs invocations).
-Specify them like this:
-
-@smallexample
-Emacs.pane.menubar.@var{subwidget}.@var{resource}: @var{value}
-@end smallexample
-
- Each individual string in the menu bar is a subwidget; the subwidget's
-name is the same as the menu item string. For example, the word
-@samp{File} in the menu bar is part of a subwidget named
-@samp{emacs.pane.menubar.File}. Most likely, you want to specify the
-same resources for the whole menu bar. To do this, use @samp{*} instead
-of a specific subwidget name. For example, to specify the font
-@samp{8x16} for the menu-bar items, write this:
-
-@smallexample
-Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-This also specifies the resource value for submenus.
-
- Each item in a submenu in the menu bar also has its own name for X
-resources; for example, the @samp{File} submenu has an item named
-@samp{Save (current buffer)}. A resource specification for a submenu
-item looks like this:
-
-@smallexample
-Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{item}.@var{resource}: @var{value}
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-For example, here's how to specify the font for the @samp{Save (current
-buffer)} item:
-
-@smallexample
-Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.File.Save (current buffer).fontList: 8x16
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-For an item in a second-level submenu, such as @samp{Spell-Check Message}
-under @samp{Spell Checking} under @samp{Tools}, the resource fits this
-template:
-
-@smallexample
-Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.@var{menu}.@var{resource}: @var{value}
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-For example,
-
-@smallexample
-Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.popup_*.Spell Checking.Spell-Check Message: @var{value}
-@end smallexample
-
- It's impossible to specify a resource for all the menu-bar items
-without also specifying it for the submenus as well. So if you want the
-submenu items to look different from the menu bar itself, you must ask
-for that in two steps. First, specify the resource for all of them;
-then, override the value for submenus alone. Here is an example:
-
-@smallexample
-Emacs.pane.menubar.*.fontList: 8x16
-Emacs.pane.menubar.popup_*.fontList: 8x16
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-For toolkit pop-up menus, use @samp{menu*} instead of
-@samp{pane.menubar}. For example, to specify the font @samp{8x16} for
-the pop-up menu items, write this:
-
-@smallexample
-Emacs.menu*.fontList: 8x16
-@end smallexample
-
-@iftex
-@medbreak
-@end iftex
- Here is a list of the specific resources for menu bars and pop-up menus:
-
-@table @code
-@item armColor
-The color to show in an armed button.
-@item fontList
-The font to use.
-@item marginBottom
-@itemx marginHeight
-@itemx marginLeft
-@itemx marginRight
-@itemx marginTop
-@itemx marginWidth
-Amount of space to leave around the item, within the border.
-@item borderWidth
-The width of border around the menu item, on all sides.
-@item shadowThickness
-The width of the border shadow.
-@item bottomShadowColor
-The color for the border shadow, on the bottom and the right.
-@item topShadowColor
-The color for the border shadow, on the top and the left.
-@end table