@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
-@c 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1997, 1999-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node International, Major Modes, Frames, Top
+@node International, Modes, Frames, Top
@chapter International Character Set Support
@c This node is referenced in the tutorial. When renaming or deleting
@c it, the tutorial needs to be adjusted. (TUTORIAL.de)
will accept those characters. Latin-1 characters can also be input by
using the @kbd{C-x 8} prefix, see @ref{Unibyte Mode}.
-On X Window systems, your locale should be set to an appropriate value
-to make sure Emacs interprets keyboard input correctly; see
+On the X Window System, your locale should be set to an appropriate
+value to make sure Emacs interprets keyboard input correctly; see
@ref{Language Environments, locales}.
@end itemize
buffer code: #xC3 #x80
file code: not encodable by coding system undecided-unix
display: by this font (glyph code)
- xft:-unknown-DejaVu Sans Mono-normal-normal-normal-*-13-*-*-*-m-0-iso10646-1 (#x82)
+ xft:-unknown-DejaVu Sans Mono-normal-normal-
+ normal-*-13-*-*-*-m-0-iso10646-1 (#x82)
Character code properties: customize what to show
name: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
general-category: Lu (Letter, Uppercase)
- decomposition: (65 768) ('A' '̀')
+ decomposition: (65 768) ('A' '`')
old-name: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A GRAVE
There are text properties here:
@findex set-language-environment
@vindex current-language-environment
- To select a language environment, customize the variable
+ To select a language environment, customize
@code{current-language-environment} or use the command @kbd{M-x
set-language-environment}. It makes no difference which buffer is
current when you use this command, because the effects apply globally
character.
@findex list-input-methods
- To see a list of all the supported input methods, type @kbd{M-x
-list-input-methods}. The list gives information about each input
-method, including the string that stands for it in the mode line.
+ @kbd{M-x list-input-methods} displays a list of all the supported
+input methods. The list gives information about each input method,
+including the string that stands for it in the mode line.
@node Coding Systems
@section Coding Systems
the end-of-line conversion, and leave the character code conversion to
be deduced from the text itself.
+@cindex @code{raw-text}, coding system
The coding system @code{raw-text} is good for a file which is mainly
@acronym{ASCII} text, but may contain byte values above 127 which are
not meant to encode non-@acronym{ASCII} characters. With
encountered, and has the usual three variants to specify the kind of
end-of-line conversion to use.
+@cindex @code{no-conversion}, coding system
In contrast, the coding system @code{no-conversion} specifies no
character code conversion at all---none for non-@acronym{ASCII} byte values and
none for end of line. This is useful for reading or writing binary
@code{no-conversion}, and also suppresses other Emacs features that
might convert the file contents before you see them. @xref{Visiting}.
+@cindex @code{emacs-internal}, coding system
The coding system @code{emacs-internal} (or @code{utf-8-emacs},
which is equivalent) means that the file contains non-@acronym{ASCII}
characters stored with the internal Emacs encoding. This coding
@section Specifying a File's Coding System
If Emacs recognizes the encoding of a file incorrectly, you can
-reread the file using the correct coding system by typing @kbd{C-x
-@key{RET} r @var{coding-system} @key{RET}}. To see what coding system
-Emacs actually used to decode the file, look at the coding system
-mnemonic letter near the left edge of the mode line (@pxref{Mode
-Line}), or type @kbd{C-h C @key{RET}}.
+reread the file using the correct coding system with @kbd{C-x
+@key{RET} r} (@code{revert-buffer-with-coding-system}). This command
+prompts for the coding system to use. To see what coding system Emacs
+actually used to decode the file, look at the coding system mnemonic
+letter near the left edge of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}), or
+type @kbd{C-h C} (@code{describe-coding-system}).
@vindex coding
You can specify the coding system for a particular file in the file
@table @kbd
@item C-x @key{RET} f @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Use coding system @var{coding} for saving or revisiting the visited
-file in the current buffer.
+Use coding system @var{coding} to save or revisit the visited file in
+the current buffer (@code{set-buffer-file-coding-system})
@item C-x @key{RET} c @var{coding} @key{RET}
Specify coding system @var{coding} for the immediately following
-command.
+command (@code{universal-coding-system-argument}).
@item C-x @key{RET} r @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Revisit the current file using the coding system @var{coding}.
+Revisit the current file using the coding system @var{coding}
+(@code{revert-buffer-with-coding-system}).
@item M-x recode-region @key{RET} @var{right} @key{RET} @var{wrong} @key{RET}
Convert a region that was decoded using coding system @var{wrong},
@table @kbd
@item C-x @key{RET} x @var{coding} @key{RET}
Use coding system @var{coding} for transferring selections to and from
-other window-based applications.
+other window-based applications (@code{set-selection-coding-system}).
@item C-x @key{RET} X @var{coding} @key{RET}
Use coding system @var{coding} for transferring @emph{one}
-selection---the next one---to or from another window-based application.
+selection---the next one---to or from another window-based application
+(@code{set-next-selection-coding-system}).
@item C-x @key{RET} p @var{input-coding} @key{RET} @var{output-coding} @key{RET}
Use coding systems @var{input-coding} and @var{output-coding} for
-subprocess input and output in the current buffer.
-
-@item C-x @key{RET} c @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Specify coding system @var{coding} for the immediately following
-command.
+subprocess input and output in the current buffer
+(@code{set-buffer-process-coding-system}).
@end table
@kindex C-x RET x
and from a particular subprocess by giving the command in the
corresponding buffer.
- You can also use @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} just before the command that
-runs or starts a subprocess, to specify the coding system to use for
-communication with that subprocess.
+ You can also use @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c}
+(@code{universal-coding-system-argument}) just before the command that
+runs or starts a subprocess, to specify the coding system for
+communicating with that subprocess. @xref{Text Coding}.
The default for translation of process input and output depends on the
current language environment.
specified above, whose value is nonempty is the one that determines
the text representation.)
-@vindex x-select-request-type
- The variable @code{x-select-request-type} specifies a selection data
-type of selection to request from the X server. The default value is
-@code{nil}, which means Emacs tries @code{COMPOUND_TEXT} and
-@code{UTF8_STRING}, and uses whichever result seems more appropriate.
-You can explicitly specify the data type by setting the variable to
-one of the symbols @code{COMPOUND_TEXT}, @code{UTF8_STRING},
-@code{STRING} and @code{TEXT}.
-
@node File Name Coding
@section Coding Systems for File Names
@table @kbd
@item C-x @key{RET} F @var{coding} @key{RET}
Use coding system @var{coding} for encoding and decoding file
-@emph{names}.
+@emph{names} (@code{set-file-name-coding-system}).
@end table
@vindex file-name-coding-system
@table @kbd
@item C-x @key{RET} k @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Use coding system @var{coding} for keyboard input.
+Use coding system @var{coding} for keyboard input
+(@code{set-keyboard-coding-system}).
@item C-x @key{RET} t @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Use coding system @var{coding} for terminal output.
+Use coding system @var{coding} for terminal output
+(@code{set-terminal-coding-system}).
@end table
@kindex C-x RET t
@example
;; Use Liberation Mono for latin-3 charset.
-(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" 'iso-8859-3 "Liberation Mono")
+(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" 'iso-8859-3
+ "Liberation Mono")
;; Prefer a big5 font for han characters
-(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" 'han (font-spec :registry "big5")
+(set-fontset-font "fontset-default"
+ 'han (font-spec :registry "big5")
nil 'prepend)
-;; Use DejaVu Sans Mono as a fallback in fontset-startup before
-;; resorting to fontset-default.
-(set-fontset-font "fontset-startup" nil "DejaVu Sans Mono" nil 'append)
+;; Use DejaVu Sans Mono as a fallback in fontset-startup
+;; before resorting to fontset-default.
+(set-fontset-font "fontset-startup" nil "DejaVu Sans Mono"
+ nil 'append)
;; Use MyPrivateFont for the Unicode private use area.
-(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" '(#xe000 . #xf8ff) "MyPrivateFont")
+(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" '(#xe000 . #xf8ff)
+ "MyPrivateFont")
@end example
internal representation within Emacs.
@findex list-character-sets
- To display a list of all supported charsets, type @kbd{M-x
-list-character-sets}. The list gives the names of charsets and
-additional information to identity each charset (see
+ @kbd{M-x list-character-sets} displays a list of all supported
+charsets. The list gives the names of charsets and additional
+information to identity each charset (see
@url{http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ISO-IR/} for details). In this list,
charsets are divided into two categories: @dfn{normal charsets} are
listed first, followed by @dfn{supplementary charsets}. A
whether text in the buffer is reordered for display. If its value is
non-@code{nil}, Emacs reorders characters that have right-to-left
directionality when they are displayed. The default value is
-@code{nil}.
+@code{t}.
Each paragraph of bidirectional text can have its own @dfn{base
direction}, either right-to-left or left-to-right. (Paragraph
-boundaries are defined by the regular expressions
-@code{paragraph-start} and @code{paragraph-separate}, see
-@ref{Paragraphs}.) Text in left-to-right paragraphs begins at the
-left margin of the window and is truncated or continued when it
+boundaries are empty lines, i.e.@: lines consisting entirely of
+whitespace characters.) Text in left-to-right paragraphs begins at
+the left margin of the window and is truncated or continued when it
reaches the right margin. By contrast, text in right-to-left
paragraphs begins at the right margin and is continued or truncated at
the left margin.
the right-to-left direction on the following paragraph, while
@code{LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK}, or @sc{lrm} forces the left-to-right
direction. (You can use @kbd{C-x 8 RET} to insert these characters.)
-In a GUI session, the @sc{lrm} and @sc{rlm} characters display as
-blanks.
+In a GUI session, the @sc{lrm} and @sc{rlm} characters display as very
+thin blank characters; on text terminals they display as blanks.
Because characters are reordered for display, Emacs commands that
operate in the logical order or on stretches of buffer positions may
may look discontinuous if the region spans reordered text. This is
normal and similar to behavior of other programs that support
bidirectional text.
-
-@ignore
- arch-tag: 310ba60d-31ef-4ce7-91f1-f282dd57b6b3
-@end ignore