@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 2000, 2001, 2004
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
+@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@iftex
@chapter Miscellaneous Commands
* Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
* Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via Emacs.
* Shell Mode:: Special Emacs commands used with permanent shell.
+* Shell Prompts:: Two ways to recognize shell prompts.
* History: Shell History. Repeating previous commands in a shell buffer.
* Directory Tracking:: Keeping track when the subshell changes directory.
* Options: Shell Options. Options for customizing Shell mode.
either or both of these default initializations.@refill
Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} wait for the shell command to complete,
-unless you end the command with @samp{&} to make it asyncronous. To
+unless you end the command with @samp{&} to make it asynchronous. To
stop waiting, type @kbd{C-g} to quit; that terminates the shell
command with the signal @code{SIGINT}---the same signal that @kbd{C-c}
normally generates in the shell. Emacs waits until the command
buffer regardless of whether it is visible in a window.
To specify a coding system for @kbd{M-!} or @kbd{M-|}, use the command
-@kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} immediately beforehand. @xref{Specify Coding}.
+@kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} immediately beforehand. @xref{Communication Coding}.
@vindex shell-command-default-error-buffer
Error output from the command is normally intermixed with the regular
To specify a coding system for the shell, you can use the command
@kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} immediately before @kbd{M-x shell}. You can also
specify a coding system after starting the shell by using @kbd{C-x
-@key{RET} p} in the shell buffer. @xref{Specify Coding}.
+@key{RET} p} in the shell buffer. @xref{Communication Coding}.
@cindex @env{EMACS} environment variable
Unless the environment variable @env{EMACS} is already defined,
At end of buffer send line as input; otherwise, copy current line to
end of buffer and send it (@code{comint-send-input}). When a line is
copied, any prompt at the beginning of the line (text output by
-programs preceding your input) is omitted. (See also the variable
-@code{comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields}.)
+programs preceding your input) is omitted. @xref{Shell Prompts}, for
+how Shell mode recognizes prompts.
@item @key{TAB}
@kindex TAB @r{(Shell mode)}
@kindex C-c C-u @r{(Shell mode)}
@findex comint-kill-input
Kill all text pending at end of buffer to be sent as input
-(@code{comint-kill-input}).
+(@code{comint-kill-input}). If point is not at end of buffer,
+this only kills the part of this text that precedes point.
@item C-c C-w
@kindex C-c C-w @r{(Shell mode)}
echoing. This is useful when a shell command runs a program that asks
for a password.
-Alternatively, you can arrange for Emacs to notice password prompts
-and turn off echoing for them, as follows:
+Please note that Emacs will not echo passwords by default. If you
+really want them to be echoed, evaluate the following Lisp
+expression:
@example
-(add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
- 'comint-watch-for-password-prompt)
+(remove-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions
+ 'comint-watch-for-password-prompt)
@end example
@item M-x comint-continue-subjob
@end example
@end table
- Shell mode also customizes the paragraph commands so that only shell
-prompts start new paragraphs. Thus, a paragraph consists of an input
-command plus the output that follows it in the buffer.
-
@cindex Comint mode
@cindex mode, Comint
Shell mode is a derivative of Comint mode, a general-purpose mode for
in a subprocess using unmodified Comint mode---without the
specializations of Shell mode.
+@node Shell Prompts
+@subsection Shell Prompts
+
+@vindex shell-prompt-pattern
+@vindex comint-prompt-regexp
+@vindex comint-use-prompt-regexp
+@cindex prompt, shell
+ A prompt is text output by a program to show that it is ready to
+accept new user input. Normally, Comint mode (and thus Shell mode)
+considers the prompt to be any text output by a program at the
+beginning of an input line. However, if the variable
+@code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is non-@code{nil}, then Comint mode
+uses a regular expression to recognize prompts. In Shell mode,
+@code{shell-prompt-pattern} specifies the regular expression.
+
+ The value of @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} also affects many
+motion and paragraph commands. If the value is non-@code{nil}, the
+general Emacs motion commands behave as they normally do in buffers
+without special text properties. However, if the value is @code{nil},
+the default, then Comint mode divides the buffer into two types of
+``fields'' (ranges of consecutive characters having the same
+@code{field} text property): input and output. Prompts are part of
+the output. Most Emacs motion commands do not cross field boundaries,
+unless they move over multiple lines. For instance, when point is in
+input on the same line as a prompt, @kbd{C-a} puts point at the
+beginning of the input if @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is
+@code{nil} and at the beginning of the line otherwise.
+
+ In Shell mode, only shell prompts start new paragraphs. Thus, a
+paragraph consists of a prompt and the input and output that follow
+it. However, if @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is @code{nil}, the
+default, most paragraph commands do not cross field boundaries. This
+means that prompts, ranges of input, and ranges of non-prompt output
+behave mostly like separate paragraphs; with this setting, numeric
+arguments to most paragraph commands yield essentially undefined
+behavior. For the purpose of finding paragraph boundaries, Shell mode
+uses @code{shell-prompt-pattern}, regardless of
+@code{comint-use-prompt-regexp}.
+
@node Shell History
@subsection Shell Command History
@vindex shell-input-ring-file-name
Some shells store their command histories in files so that you can
-refer to previous commands from previous shell sessions. Emacs reads
+refer to commands from previous shell sessions. Emacs reads
the command history file for your chosen shell, to initialize its own
command history. The file name is @file{~/.bash_history} for bash,
@file{~/.sh_history} for ksh, and @file{~/.history} for other shells.
@key{SPC} perform history expansion by binding @key{SPC} to the
command @code{comint-magic-space}.
-@vindex shell-prompt-pattern
-@vindex comint-prompt-regexp
-@vindex comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields
-@cindex prompt, shell
Shell mode recognizes history references when they follow a prompt.
-Normally, any text output by a program at the beginning of an input
-line is considered a prompt. However, if the variable
-@code{comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields} is non-@code{nil},
-then Comint mode uses a regular expression to recognize prompts. In
-general, the variable @code{comint-prompt-regexp} specifies the
-regular expression; Shell mode uses the variable
-@code{shell-prompt-pattern} to set up @code{comint-prompt-regexp} in
-the shell buffer.
+@xref{Shell Prompts}, for how Shell mode recognizes prompts.
@node Directory Tracking
@subsection Directory Tracking
happens automatically; there is no special password processing.)
When you log in to a different machine, you need to specify the type
-of terminal you're using. Terminal types @samp{ansi} or @samp{vt100}
-will work on most systems.
+of terminal you're using, by setting the @env{TERM} environment
+variable in the environment for the remote login command. (If you use
+bash, you do that by writing the variable assignment before the remote
+login command, without separating comma.) Terminal types @samp{ansi}
+or @samp{vt100} will work on most systems.
@c If you are talking to a Bourne-compatible
@c shell, and your system understands the @env{TERMCAP} variable,
@end ignore
-@node Emacs Server, Hardcopy, Shell, Top
+@node Emacs Server, Printing, Shell, Top
@section Using Emacs as a Server
@pindex emacsclient
@cindex Emacs as a server
@vindex server-name
You can run multiple Emacs servers on the same machine by giving
each one a unique ``server name'', using the variable
-@code{server-name}. For example, @kbd{M-x set-variable RET
-server-name RET foo} sets the server name to @samp{foo}. The
-@code{emacsclient} program can visit a server by name using the
-@samp{-s} option.
+@code{server-name}. For example, @kbd{M-x set-variable @key{RET}
+server-name @key{RET} foo @key{RET}} sets the server name to
+@samp{foo}. The @code{emacsclient} program can visit a server by name
+using the @samp{-s} option. @xref{Invoking emacsclient}.
While @code{mail} or another application is waiting for
@code{emacsclient} to finish, @code{emacsclient} does not read terminal
automatically when you finish with them.
@menu
-* Invoking emacsclient::
+* Invoking emacsclient:: Emacs client startup options.
@end menu
@node Invoking emacsclient,, Emacs Server, Emacs Server
rest of the arguments is not taken as a list of files to visit but as
a list of expressions to evaluate.
-@node Hardcopy, PostScript, Emacs Server, Top
-@section Hardcopy Output
+@node Printing, Sorting, Emacs Server, Top
+@section Printing Hard Copies
@cindex hardcopy
+@cindex printing
- The Emacs commands for making hardcopy let you print either an entire
-buffer or just part of one, either with or without page headers.
-See also the hardcopy commands of Dired (@pxref{Misc File Ops})
-and the diary (@pxref{Diary Commands}).
+ Emacs provides commands for printing hard copies of either an entire
+buffer or just part of one, with or without page headers. You can
+invoke the printing commands directly, as detailed in the following
+section, or using the @samp{File} menu on the menu bar. See also the
+hardcopy commands of Dired (@pxref{Misc File Ops}) and the diary
+(@pxref{Displaying the Diary}).
@table @kbd
@item M-x print-buffer
@code{lpr-add-switches} should be @code{nil} if your printer program is
not compatible with @code{lpr}.
-@node PostScript, PostScript Variables, Hardcopy, Top
+@menu
+* PostScript:: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
+* PostScript Variables:: Customizing the PostScript printing commands.
+* Printing Package:: An optional advanced printing interface.
+@end menu
+
+@node PostScript, PostScript Variables,, Printing
@section PostScript Hardcopy
These commands convert buffer contents to PostScript,
The following section describes variables for customizing these commands.
@end ifinfo
-@node PostScript Variables, Sorting, PostScript, Top
+@node PostScript Variables, Printing Package, PostScript, Printing
@section Variables for PostScript Hardcopy
@vindex ps-lpr-command
Many other customization variables for these commands are defined and
described in the Lisp files @file{ps-print.el} and @file{ps-mule.el}.
-@node Sorting, Narrowing, PostScript Variables, Top
+@node Printing Package,, PostScript Variables, Printing
+@section Printing Package
+@cindex Printing package
+
+ The basic Emacs facilities for printing hardcopy can be extended
+using the Printing package. This provides an easy-to-use interface
+for choosing what to print, previewing PostScript files before
+printing, and setting various printing options such as print headers,
+landscape or portrait modes, duplex modes, and so forth. On GNU/Linux
+or Unix systems, the Printing package relies on the @file{gs} and
+@file{gv} utilities, which are distributed as part of the GhostScript
+program. On MS-Windows, the @file{gstools} port of Ghostscript can be
+used.
+
+@findex pr-interface
+ To use the Printing package, add @code{(require 'printing)} to your
+init file (@pxref{Init File}), followed by @code{(pr-update-menus)}.
+This function replaces the usual printing commands in the menu bar
+with a @samp{Printing} submenu that contains various printing options.
+You can also type @kbd{M-x pr-interface RET}; this creates a
+@samp{*Printing Interface*} buffer, similar to a customization buffer,
+where you can set the printing options. After selecting what and how
+to print, you start the print job using the @samp{Print} button (click
+@kbd{mouse-2} on it, or move point over it and type @kbd{RET}). For
+further information on the various options, use the @samp{Interface
+Help} button.
+
+@node Sorting, Narrowing, Printing, Top
@section Sorting Text
@cindex sorting
@kbd{M-x desktop-revert} reverts to the desktop previously reloaded.
Specify the option @samp{--no-desktop} on the command line when you
-don't want it to reload any saved desktop.
+don't want it to reload any saved desktop. This turns off
+@code{desktop-save-mode} for the current session.
@vindex desktop-restore-eager
By default, all the buffers in the desktop are restored at one go.
@code{desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp}, whose value is a regular
expression matching the names of buffers not to kill.
+ If you want to save minibuffer history from one session to
+another, use the @code{savehist} library.
+
@node Recursive Edit, Emulation, Saving Emacs Sessions, Top
@section Recursive Editing Levels
@cindex recursive editing level
are done in the global keymap, so there is no problem switching
buffers or major modes while in EDT emulation.
-@item CUA bindings
-@findex cua-mode
-@vindex cua-mode
-@cindex CUA key bindings
-@vindex cua-enable-cua-keys
-The command @kbd{M-x cua-mode} sets up key bindings that are
-compatible with the Common User Access (CUA) system used in many other
-applications. @kbd{C-x} means cut (kill), @kbd{C-c} copy, @kbd{C-v}
-paste (yank), and @kbd{C-z} undo. Standard Emacs commands like
-@kbd{C-x C-c} still work, because @kbd{C-x} and @kbd{C-c} only take
-effect when the mark is active. However, if you don't want these
-bindings at all, set @code{cua-enable-cua-keys} to nil.
-
-In CUA mode, using @kbd{Shift} together with the movement keys
-activates the region over which they move. The standard (unshifted)
-movement keys deactivate the mark, and typed text replaces the active
-region as in Delete-Selection mode (@pxref{Graphical Kill}).
-
-CUA mode also provides enhanced rectangle support with visible
-rectangle highlighting. Use @kbd{Shift-RET} to start a rectangle,
-extend it using the movement commands, and cut or copy it using
-@kbd{C-x} or @kbd{C-c}.
-
@item TPU (DEC VMS editor)
@findex tpu-edt-on
@cindex TPU