@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 2000
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2000,
+@c 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Frames, International, Windows, Top
-@chapter Frames and X Windows
+@chapter Frames and Graphical Displays
@cindex frames
- When using the X Window System, you can create multiple windows at the
-X level in a single Emacs session. Each X window that belongs to Emacs
-displays a @dfn{frame} which can contain one or several Emacs windows.
-A frame initially contains a single general-purpose Emacs window which
-you can subdivide vertically or horizontally into smaller windows. A
-frame normally contains its own echo area and minibuffer, but you can
-make frames that don't have these---they use the echo area and
-minibuffer of another frame.
-
- Editing you do in one frame also affects the other frames. For
-instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank it
-in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one frame,
-it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use @kbd{C-x 5
-0}.
+ When using a graphical display, you can create multiple windows at
+the system in a single Emacs session. Each system-level window that
+belongs to Emacs displays a @dfn{frame} which can contain one or
+several Emacs windows. A frame initially contains a single
+general-purpose Emacs window which you can subdivide vertically or
+horizontally into smaller windows. A frame normally contains its own
+echo area and minibuffer, but you can make frames that don't have
+these---they use the echo area and minibuffer of another frame.
To avoid confusion, we reserve the word ``window'' for the
subdivisions that Emacs implements, and never use it to refer to a
frame.
- Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some aspects of the window system
-so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter.
-@xref{MS-DOS Input}, for more information.
-
-@cindex MS Windows
- Emacs compiled for MS Windows mostly supports the same features as
-under X.
+ Editing you do in one frame affects the other frames. For
+instance, if you put text in the kill ring in one frame, you can yank it
+in another frame. If you exit Emacs through @kbd{C-x C-c} in one frame,
+it terminates all the frames. To delete just one frame, use @kbd{C-x 5
+0} (that is zero, not @kbd{o}).
-Features which rely on text in multiple faces (such as Font Lock mode)
-will also work on non-windowed terminals that can display more than one
-face, whether by colors or underlining and emboldening, such as the
-Linux console. Emacs determines automatically whether the terminal has
-such support.
+ Emacs compiled for MS-DOS emulates some windowing functionality,
+so that you can use many of the features described in this chapter.
+@xref{MS-DOS Mouse,,,emacs-xtra,Specialized Emacs Features}.
@menu
* Mouse Commands:: Moving, cutting, and pasting, with the mouse.
* Mouse References:: Using the mouse to select an item from a list.
* Menu Mouse Clicks:: Mouse clicks that bring up menus.
* Mode Line Mouse:: Mouse clicks on the mode line.
-* Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
* Creating Frames:: Creating additional Emacs frames with various contents.
+* Frame Commands:: Iconifying, deleting, and switching frames.
+* Speedbar:: How to make and use a speedbar frame.
* Multiple Displays:: How one Emacs job can talk to several displays.
* Special Buffer Frames:: You can make certain buffers have their own frames.
* Frame Parameters:: Changing the colors and other modes of frames.
* Scroll Bars:: How to enable and disable scroll bars; how to use them.
* Wheeled Mice:: Using mouse wheels for scrolling.
+* Drag and Drop:: Using drag and drop to open files and insert text.
* Menu Bars:: Enabling and disabling the menu bar.
* Tool Bars:: Enabling and disabling the tool bar.
* Dialog Boxes:: Controlling use of dialog boxes.
-* Faces:: How to change the display style using faces.
-* Font Lock:: Minor mode for syntactic highlighting using faces.
-* Support Modes:: Font Lock support modes make Font Lock faster.
-* Highlight Changes:: Using colors to show where you changed the buffer.
-* Highlight Interactively:: Tell Emacs what text to highlight.
-* Trailing Whitespace:: Showing possibly-spurious trailing whitespace.
-* Tooltips:: Showing `tooltips', AKA `ballon help' for active text.
+* Tooltips:: Displaying information at the current mouse position.
* Mouse Avoidance:: Moving the mouse pointer out of the way.
-* Misc X:: Iconifying and deleting frames.
* Non-Window Terminals:: Multiple frames on terminals that show only one.
* XTerm Mouse:: Using the mouse in an XTerm terminal emulator.
@end menu
The mouse commands for selecting and copying a region are mostly
compatible with the @code{xterm} program. You can use the same mouse
-commands for copying between Emacs and other X client programs.
+commands for copying between Emacs and other window-based programs.
+Most of these commands also work in Emacs when you run it under an
+@code{xterm} terminal.
-@kindex DELETE
+@kindex DELETE @r{(and mouse selection)}
If you select a region with any of these mouse commands, and then
immediately afterward type the @key{DELETE} function key, it deletes the
region that you selected. The @key{BACKSPACE} function key and the
-ASCII character @key{DEL} do not do this; if you type any other key
+@acronym{ASCII} character @key{DEL} do not do this; if you type any other key
in between the mouse command and @key{DELETE}, it does not do this.
@findex mouse-set-region
Move point to where you click (@code{mouse-set-point}).
This is normally the left button.
+@vindex x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position
+Normally, Emacs does not distinguish between ordinary mouse clicks and
+clicks that select a frame. When you click on a frame to select it,
+that also changes the selected window and cursor position according to
+the mouse click position. On the X window system, you can change this
+behavior by setting the variable
+@code{x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position} to @code{t}. Then the
+first click selects the frame, but does not affect the selected window
+or cursor position. If you click again in the same place, since that
+click will be in the selected frame, it will change the window or
+cursor position.
+
@item Drag-Mouse-1
Set the region to the text you select by dragging, and copy it to the
kill ring (@code{mouse-set-region}). You can specify both ends of the
on how far away from the window edge the mouse has gone; the variable
@code{mouse-scroll-min-lines} specifies a minimum step size.
+@vindex mouse-drag-copy-region
+If the variable @code{mouse-drag-copy-region} is @code{nil}, this
+mouse command does not copy the selected region into the kill ring.
+
@item Mouse-2
Yank the last killed text, where you click (@code{mouse-yank-at-click}).
This is normally the middle button.
mode), it sets the region around the symbol surrounding that character.
If you click on a character with open-parenthesis or close-parenthesis
-syntax, it sets the region around the parenthetical grouping (sexp)
+syntax, it sets the region around the parenthetical grouping
which that character starts or ends. If you click on a character with
string-delimiter syntax (such as a singlequote or doublequote in C), it
sets the region around the string constant (using heuristics to figure
frame's windows you click on. The default value is @code{nil}. This
variable also affects yanking the secondary selection.
-@cindex cutting and X
-@cindex pasting and X
+@cindex cutting
+@cindex pasting
@cindex X cutting and pasting
- To copy text to another X window, kill it or save it in the kill ring.
-Under X, this also sets the @dfn{primary selection}. Then use the
-``paste'' or ``yank'' command of the program operating the other window
-to insert the text from the selection.
+ To copy text to another windowing application, kill it or save it in
+the kill ring. Then use the ``paste'' or ``yank'' command of the
+other application to insert the text.
- To copy text from another X window, use the ``cut'' or ``copy'' command
-of the program operating the other window, to select the text you want.
-Then yank it in Emacs with @kbd{C-y} or @kbd{Mouse-2}.
-
- These cutting and pasting commands also work on MS-Windows.
+ To copy text from another windowing application, use its ``cut'' or
+``copy'' command to select the text you want. Then yank it in Emacs
+with @kbd{C-y} or @kbd{Mouse-2}.
@cindex primary selection
@cindex cut buffer
@cindex selection, primary
@vindex x-cut-buffer-max
- When Emacs puts text into the kill ring, or rotates text to the front
-of the kill ring, it sets the @dfn{primary selection} in the X server.
-This is how other X clients can access the text. Emacs also stores the
-text in the cut buffer, but only if the text is short enough
-(@code{x-cut-buffer-max} specifies the maximum number of characters);
+ When Emacs puts text into the kill ring, or rotates text to the
+front of the kill ring, it sets the @dfn{primary selection} in the
+window system. This is how other windowing applications can access
+the text. On the X Window System, emacs also stores the text in the
+cut buffer, but only if the text is short enough (the value of
+@code{x-cut-buffer-max} specifies the maximum number of characters);
putting long strings in the cut buffer can be slow.
The commands to yank the first entry in the kill ring actually check
for text in the cut buffer. If neither of those sources provides text
to yank, the kill ring contents are used.
+ The standard coding system for X Window System selections is
+@code{compound-text-with-extensions}. To specify another coding
+system for selections, use @kbd{C-x @key{RET} x} or @kbd{C-x @key{RET}
+X}. @xref{Communication Coding}.
+
@node Secondary Selection
@section Secondary Selection
@cindex secondary selection
The @dfn{secondary selection} is another way of selecting text using
-X. It does not use point or the mark, so you can use it to kill text
-without setting point or the mark.
+the X Window System. It does not use point or the mark, so you can
+use it to kill text without setting point or the mark.
@table @kbd
@findex mouse-set-secondary
Set the secondary selection, with one end at the place where you press
down the button, and the other end at the place where you release it
(@code{mouse-set-secondary}). The highlighting appears and changes as
-you drag.
+you drag. You can control the appearance of the highlighting by
+customizing the @code{secondary-selection} face (@pxref{Face
+Customization}).
If you move the mouse off the top or bottom of the window while
dragging, the window scrolls at a steady rate until you move the mouse
back into the window. This way, you can mark regions that don't fit
entirely on the screen.
+This way of setting the secondary selection does not alter the kill ring.
+
@findex mouse-start-secondary
@kindex M-Mouse-1
@item M-Mouse-1
@kindex M-Mouse-3
@item M-Mouse-3
Make a secondary selection, using the place specified with @kbd{M-Mouse-1}
-as the other end (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). A second click
-at the same place kills the secondary selection just made.
+as the other end (@code{mouse-secondary-save-then-kill}). This also
+puts the selected text in the kill ring. A second click at the same
+place kills the secondary selection just made.
@findex mouse-yank-secondary
@kindex M-Mouse-2
@node Clipboard
@section Using the Clipboard
-@cindex X clipboard
@cindex clipboard
@vindex x-select-enable-clipboard
@findex menu-bar-enable-clipboard
@cindex OpenWindows
@cindex Gnome
-As well as the primary and secondary selection types, X supports a
-@dfn{clipboard} selection type which is used by some applications,
-particularly under OpenWindows and Gnome.
+ Apart from the primary and secondary selection types, Emacs can
+handle the @dfn{clipboard} selection type which is used by some
+applications, particularly under OpenWindows and Gnome.
-The command @kbd{M-x menu-bar-enable-clipboard} makes the @code{Cut},
+ The command @kbd{M-x menu-bar-enable-clipboard} makes the @code{Cut},
@code{Paste} and @code{Copy} menu items, as well as the keys of the same
names, all use the clipboard.
-
-You can customize the option @code{x-select-enable-clipboard} to make
+
+ You can customize the variable @code{x-select-enable-clipboard} to make
the Emacs yank functions consult the clipboard before the primary
selection, and to make the kill functions to store in the clipboard as
well as the primary selection. Otherwise they do not access the
-clipboard at all. Using the clipboard is the default on MS-Windows,
-unlike most systems.
+clipboard at all. Using the clipboard is the default on MS-Windows and Mac,
+but not on other systems.
@node Mouse References
@section Following References with the Mouse
+@kindex Mouse-1 @r{(selection)}
@kindex Mouse-2 @r{(selection)}
- Some Emacs buffers display lists of various sorts. These include
-lists of files, of buffers, of possible completions, of matches for
-a pattern, and so on.
-
- Since yanking text into these buffers is not very useful, most of them
-define @kbd{Mouse-2} specially, as a command to use or view the item you
-click on.
-
- For example, if you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a file name in a Dired
-buffer, you visit that file. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on an error
-message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer, you go to the source code
-for that error message. If you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a completion in
-the @samp{*Completions*} buffer, you choose that completion.
-
- You can usually tell when @kbd{Mouse-2} has this special sort of
-meaning because the sensitive text highlights when you move the mouse
-over it.
+ Some read-only Emacs buffers include references you can follow, or
+commands you can activate. These include names of files, of buffers,
+of possible completions, of matches for a pattern, as well as the
+buttons in Help buffers and customization buffers. You can follow the
+reference or activate the command by moving point to it and typing
+@key{RET}. You can also do this with the mouse, using either
+@kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2}.
+
+ Since yanking text into a read-only buffer is not allowed, these
+buffers generally define @kbd{Mouse-2} to follow a reference or
+activate a command. For example, if you click @kbd{Mouse-2} on a file
+name in a Dired buffer, you visit that file. If you click
+@kbd{Mouse-2} on an error message in the @samp{*Compilation*} buffer,
+you go to the source code for that error message. If you click
+@kbd{Mouse-2} on a completion in the @samp{*Completions*} buffer, you
+choose that completion.
+
+ However, most applications use @kbd{Mouse-1} to do this sort of
+thing, so Emacs implements this too. If you click @kbd{Mouse-1}
+quickly on a reference or button, it follows or activates. If you
+click slowly, it moves point as usual. Dragging, meaning moving the
+mouse while it is held down, also has its usual behavior of setting
+the region.
+
+@vindex mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows
+ Normally, the @kbd{Mouse-1} click behavior is performed on links in
+any window. The variable @code{mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows}
+controls whether @kbd{Mouse-1} has this behavior even in non-selected
+windows, or only in the selected window.
+
+@vindex mouse-highlight
+ You can usually tell when @kbd{Mouse-1} and @kbd{Mouse-2} have this
+special sort of meaning because the sensitive text highlights when you
+move the mouse over it. The variable @code{mouse-highlight} controls
+whether to do this highlighting always (even when such text appears
+where the mouse already is), never, or only immediately after you move
+the mouse.
+
+@vindex mouse-1-click-follows-link
+ In Emacs versions before 22, only @kbd{Mouse-2} follows links and
+@kbd{Mouse-1} always sets point. If you prefer this older behavior,
+set the variable @code{mouse-1-click-follows-link} to @code{nil}.
+This variable also lets you choose various other alternatives for
+following links with the mouse. Type @kbd{C-h v
+mouse-1-click-follows-link @key{RET}} for more details.
@node Menu Mouse Clicks
@section Mouse Clicks for Menus
- Mouse clicks modified with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} keys
+ Several mouse clicks with the @key{CTRL} and @key{SHIFT} modifiers
bring up menus.
@table @kbd
@item C-Mouse-1
@kindex C-Mouse-1
-@findex msb-mode
-@cindex MSB minor mode
-@cindex mode, MSB
This menu is for selecting a buffer.
-The MSB (`mouse select buffer') global minor mode alters this menu to a
-form some people prefer and which is customizable. See the Custom group
-@code{msb}.
+The MSB (``mouse select buffer'') global minor mode makes this
+menu smarter and more customizable. @xref{Buffer Menus}.
@item C-Mouse-2
@kindex C-Mouse-2
@item C-Mouse-3
@kindex C-Mouse-3
-This menu is mode-specific. For most modes if Menu-bar mode is on, this
-menu has the same items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus put
-together. Some modes may specify a different menu for this
+This menu is mode-specific. For most modes if Menu-bar mode is on,
+this menu has the same items as all the mode-specific menu-bar menus
+put together. Some modes may specify a different menu for this
button.@footnote{Some systems use @kbd{Mouse-3} for a mode-specific
menu. We took a survey of users, and found they preferred to keep
-@kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing regions. Hence the decision to
-use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu.} If Menu-bar mode is off, this menu
-contains all the items which would be present in the menu bar---not just
-the mode-specific ones---so that you can access them without having to
-display the menu bar.
-
-@item S-mouse-1
-This menu is for specifying the frame's principal font.
+@kbd{Mouse-3} for selecting and killing regions. Hence the decision
+to use @kbd{C-Mouse-3} for this menu. To use @kbd{Mouse-3} instead,
+do @code{(global-set-key [mouse-3] 'mouse-popup-menubar-stuff)}.} If
+Menu-bar mode is off, this menu contains all the items which would be
+present in the menu bar---not just the mode-specific ones---so that
+you can access them without having to display the menu bar.
+
+@item S-Mouse-1
+This menu is for specifying the frame's default font.
@end table
@node Mode Line Mouse
You can use mouse clicks on window mode lines to select and manipulate
windows.
+ Some areas of the mode line, such as the buffer name and the major
+mode name, have their own special mouse bindings. These areas are
+highlighted when you hold the mouse over them, and information about
+the special bindings will be displayed (@pxref{Tooltips}). This
+section's commands do not apply in those areas.
+
@table @kbd
@item Mouse-1
-@kindex mode-line mouse-1
-@kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window above. By dragging
-@kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus changing the
-height of the windows above and below.
+@kindex Mouse-1 @r{(mode line)}
+@kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line selects the window it belongs to. By
+dragging @kbd{Mouse-1} on the mode line, you can move it, thus
+changing the height of the windows above and below. Changing heights
+with the mouse in this way never deletes windows, it just refuses to
+make any window smaller than the minimum height.
@item Mouse-2
-@kindex mode-line mouse-2
+@kindex Mouse-2 @r{(mode line)}
@kbd{Mouse-2} on a mode line expands that window to fill its frame.
@item Mouse-3
-@kindex mode-line mouse-3
-@kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window above.
+@kindex Mouse-3 @r{(mode line)}
+@kbd{Mouse-3} on a mode line deletes the window it belongs to. If the
+frame has only one window, it buries the current buffer instead, and
+switches to another buffer.
@item C-Mouse-2
-@kindex mode-line C-mouse-2
+@kindex C-mouse-2 @r{(mode line)}
@kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a mode line splits the window above
horizontally, above the place in the mode line where you click.
@end table
-@kindex vertical-scroll-bar mouse-1
- @kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window
+@kindex C-Mouse-2 @r{(scroll bar)}
+@kindex Mouse-1 @r{(scroll bar)}
+ Using @kbd{Mouse-1} on the divider between two side-by-side mode
+lines, you can move the vertical boundary left or right. Using
+@kbd{C-Mouse-2} on a scroll bar splits the corresponding window
vertically. @xref{Split Window}.
-The commands above apply to areas of the mode line which do not have
-mouse bindings of their own. Normally some areas, such as those
-displaying the buffer name and the major mode name, have their own mouse
-bindings. Help on these bindings is echoed when the mouse is positioned
-over them.
-
@node Creating Frames
@section Creating Frames
@cindex creating frames
frame rather than just a new window in the selected frame (@pxref{Pop
Up Window}). If an existing visible or iconified frame already displays
the requested material, these commands use the existing frame, after
-raising or deiconifying as necessary.
+raising or deiconifying as necessary.
The various @kbd{C-x 5} commands differ in how they find or create the
buffer to select:
@table @kbd
-@item C-x 5 1
-@kindex C-x 5 1
-@findex delete-other-frames
-Delete all frames except the selected one (@code{delete-other-frames}).
@item C-x 5 2
@kindex C-x 5 2
@findex make-frame-command
(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(font . "10x20"))
@end example
+@noindent
+Here's a similar example for specifying a foreground color:
+
+@example
+(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(foreground-color . "blue"))
+@end example
+
+@node Frame Commands
+@section Frame Commands
+
+ The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames:
+
+@table @kbd
+@item C-z
+@kindex C-z @r{(X windows)}
+@findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame
+Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}).
+The normal meaning of @kbd{C-z}, to suspend Emacs, is not useful under
+a graphical display that allows multiple applications to operate
+simultaneously in their own windies, so Emacs gives @kbd{C-z} a
+different binding in that case.
+
+If you type this command on an Emacs frame's icon, it deiconifies the frame.
+
+@item C-x 5 0
+@kindex C-x 5 0
+@findex delete-frame
+Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed if
+there is only one frame.
+
+@item C-x 5 o
+@kindex C-x 5 o
+@findex other-frame
+Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it so that it
+stays selected. If you repeat this command, it cycles through all the
+frames on your terminal.
+
+@item C-x 5 1
+@kindex C-x 5 1
+@findex delete-other-frames
+Delete all frames except the selected one.
+@end table
+
+@vindex focus-follows-mouse
+ To make the command @kbd{C-x 5 o} work properly, you must tell Emacs
+how the system (or the window manager) generally handles
+focus-switching between windows. There are two possibilities: either
+simply moving the mouse onto a window selects it (gives it focus), or
+you have to click on it in a suitable way to do so. Unfortunately
+there is no way Emacs can find out automatically which way the system
+handles this, so you have to explicitly say, by setting the variable
+@code{focus-follows-mouse}. If just moving the mouse onto a window
+selects it, that variable should be @code{t}; if a click is necessary,
+the variable should be @code{nil}.
+
@node Speedbar
-@section Making and Using a Speedbar Frame
+@section Speedbar Frames
@cindex speedbar
- An Emacs frame can have a @dfn{speedbar}, which is a vertical window
-that serves as a scrollable menu of files you could visit and tags
-within those files. To create a speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar}; this
-creates a speedbar window for the selected frame. From then on, you can
-click on a file name in the speedbar to visit that file in the
-corresponding Emacs frame, or click on a tag name to jump to that tag in
-the Emacs frame.
-
- Initially the speedbar lists the immediate contents of the current
-directory, one file per line. Each line also has a box, @samp{[+]} or
-@samp{<+>}, that you can click on with @kbd{Mouse-2} to ``open up'' the
-contents of that item. If the line names a directory, opening it adds
+@cindex attached frame (of speedbar)
+ The @dfn{speedbar} is a special frame for conveniently navigating in
+or operating on another frame. The speedbar, when it exists, is
+always associated with a specific frame, called its @dfn{attached
+frame}; all speedbar operations act on that frame.
+
+ Type @kbd{M-x speedbar} to create the speedbar and associate it with
+the current frame. To dismiss the speedbar, type @kbd{M-x speedbar}
+again, or select the speedbar and type @kbd{q}. (You can also delete
+the speedbar frame like any other Emacs frame.) If you wish to
+associate the speedbar with a different frame, dismiss it and call
+@kbd{M-x speedbar} from that frame.
+
+ The speedbar can operate in various modes. Its default mode is
+@dfn{File Display} mode, which shows the files in the current
+directory of the selected window of the attached frame, one file per
+line. Clicking on a file name visits that file in the selected window
+of the attached frame, and clicking on a directory name shows that
+directory in the speedbar (@pxref{Mouse References}). Each line also
+has a box, @samp{[+]} or @samp{<+>}, that you can click on to
+@dfn{expand} the contents of that item. Expanding a directory adds
the contents of that directory to the speedbar display, underneath the
-directory's own line. If the line lists an ordinary file, opening it up
-adds a list of the tags in that file to the speedbar display. When a
-file is opened up, the @samp{[+]} changes to @samp{[-]}; you can click
-on that box to ``close up'' that file (hide its contents).
+directory's own line. Expanding an ordinary file adds a list of the
+tags in that file to the speedbar display; you can click on a tag name
+to jump to that tag in the selected window of the attached frame.
+When a file or directory is expanded, the @samp{[+]} changes to
+@samp{[-]}; you can click on that box to @dfn{contract} the item,
+hiding its contents.
+
+ You navigate through the speedbar using the keyboard, too. Typing
+@kbd{RET} while point is on a line in the speedbar is equivalent to
+clicking the item on the current line, and @kbd{SPC} expands or
+contracts the item. @kbd{U} displays the parent directory of the
+current directory. To copy, delete, or rename the file on the current
+line, type @kbd{C}, @kbd{D}, and @kbd{R} respectively. To create a
+new directory, type @kbd{M}.
+
+ Another general-purpose speedbar mode is @dfn{Buffer Display} mode;
+in this mode, the speedbar displays a list of Emacs buffers. To
+switch to this mode, type @kbd{b} in the speedbar. To return to File
+Display mode, type @kbd{f}. You can also change the display mode by
+clicking @kbd{mouse-3} anywhere in the speedbar window (or
+@kbd{mouse-1} on the mode-line) and selecting @samp{Displays} in the
+pop-up menu.
Some major modes, including Rmail mode, Info, and GUD, have
specialized ways of putting useful items into the speedbar for you to
files, and lets you move the current message to another Rmail file by
clicking on its @samp{<M>} box.
- A speedbar belongs to one Emacs frame, and always operates on that
-frame. If you use multiple frames, you can make a speedbar for some or
-all of the frames; type @kbd{M-x speedbar} in any given frame to make a
-speedbar for it.
+ For more details on using and programming the speedbar, @xref{Top,
+Speedbar,,speedbar, Speedbar Manual}.
@node Multiple Displays
@section Multiple Displays
@cindex multiple displays
- A single Emacs can talk to more than one X Windows display.
-Initially, Emacs uses just one display---the one specified with the
-@env{DISPLAY} environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option
-(@pxref{Initial Options}). To connect to another display, use the
-command @code{make-frame-on-display}:
+ A single Emacs can talk to more than one X display. Initially, Emacs
+uses just one display---the one specified with the @env{DISPLAY}
+environment variable or with the @samp{--display} option (@pxref{Initial
+Options}). To connect to another display, use the command
+@code{make-frame-on-display}:
@findex make-frame-on-display
@table @kbd
@section Special Buffer Frames
@vindex special-display-buffer-names
- You can make certain chosen buffers, for which Emacs normally creates
-a second window when you have just one window, appear in special frames
-of their own. To do this, set the variable
-@code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list of buffer names; any
-buffer whose name is in that list automatically gets a special frame,
-when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in another window.''
+ You can make certain chosen buffers, which Emacs normally displays
+in ``another window,'' appear in special frames of their own. To do
+this, set the variable @code{special-display-buffer-names} to a list
+of buffer names; any buffer whose name is in that list automatically
+gets a special frame, when an Emacs command wants to display it ``in
+another window.''
For example, if you set the variable this way,
More generally, you can set @code{special-display-regexps} to a list
of regular expressions; then a buffer gets its own frame if its name
matches any of those regular expressions. (Once again, this applies only
-to buffers that normally get displayed for you in a separate window.)
+to buffers that normally get displayed for you in ``another window.'')
@vindex special-display-frame-alist
The variable @code{special-display-frame-alist} specifies the frame
@code{special-display-buffer-names} or @code{special-display-regexps}
can also be a list. Then the first element is the buffer name or
regular expression; the rest of the list specifies how to create the
-frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter values;
-these values take precedence over parameter values specified in
-@code{special-display-frame-alist}. Alternatively, it can have this
-form:
+frame. It can be an association list specifying frame parameter
+values; these values take precedence over parameter values specified
+in @code{special-display-frame-alist}. If you specify the symbol
+@code{same-window} as a ``frame parameter'' in this list, with a
+non-@code{nil} value, that means to use the selected window if
+possible. If you use the symbol @code{same-frame} as a ``frame
+parameter'' in this list, with a non-@code{nil} value, that means to
+use the selected frame if possible.
+
+ Alternatively, the value can have this form:
@example
(@var{function} @var{args}...)
@node Frame Parameters
@section Setting Frame Parameters
-@cindex colors
@cindex Auto-Raise mode
@cindex Auto-Lower mode
- This section describes commands for altering the display style and
-window management behavior of the selected frame.
-
-@findex set-foreground-color
-@findex set-background-color
-@findex set-cursor-color
-@findex set-mouse-color
-@findex set-border-color
-@findex auto-raise-mode
-@findex auto-lower-mode
-@table @kbd
-@item M-x set-foreground-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
-Specify color @var{color} for the foreground of the selected frame.
-(This also changes the foreground color of the default face.)
-
-@item M-x set-background-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
-Specify color @var{color} for the background of the selected frame.
-(This also changes the background color of the default face.)
-
-@item M-x set-cursor-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
-Specify color @var{color} for the cursor of the selected frame.
-
-@item M-x set-mouse-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
-Specify color @var{color} for the mouse cursor when it is over the
-selected frame.
-
-@item M-x set-border-color @key{RET} @var{color} @key{RET}
-Specify color @var{color} for the border of the selected frame.
+@kindex S-Mouse-1
+ You can specify the font and colors used for text display, and the
+colors for the frame borders, the cursor, and the mouse cursor, by
+customizing the faces @code{default}, @code{border}, @code{cursor} and
+@code{mouse}. @xref{Face Customization}. You can also set a frame's
+default font through a pop-up menu. Press @kbd{S-Mouse-1} to activate
+this menu.
-@item M-x list-colors-display
-Display the defined color names and show what the colors look like.
-This command is somewhat slow.
+ These commands are available for controlling the window management
+behavior of the selected frame.
+@table @kbd
+@findex auto-raise-mode
@item M-x auto-raise-mode
Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-raise. Auto-raise
means that every time you move the mouse onto the frame, it raises the
frame.
-Note that this auto-raise feature is implemented by Emacs itself. Some
-window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable auto-raise for
-Emacs frames in your X window manager, it should work, but it is beyond
-Emacs's control and therefore @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect on
-it.
+Some window managers also implement auto-raise. If you enable
+auto-raise for Emacs frames in your window manager, it will work, but
+it is beyond Emacs' control, so @code{auto-raise-mode} has no effect
+on it.
+@findex auto-lower-mode
@item M-x auto-lower-mode
Toggle whether or not the selected frame should auto-lower.
Auto-lower means that every time you move the mouse off the frame,
-the frame moves to the bottom of the stack of X windows.
+the frame moves to the bottom of the stack on the screen.
The command @code{auto-lower-mode} has no effect on auto-lower
-implemented by the X window manager. To control that, you must use
-the appropriate window manager features.
-
-@findex set-frame-font
-@item M-x set-frame-font @key{RET} @var{font} @key{RET}
-@cindex font (principal)
-Specify font @var{font} as the principal font for the selected frame.
-The principal font controls several face attributes of the
-@code{default} face (@pxref{Faces}). For example, if the principal font
-has a height of 12 pt, all text will be drawn in 12 pt fonts, unless you
-use another face that specifies a different height. @xref{Font X}, for
-ways to list the available fonts on your system.
-
-@kindex S-Mouse-1
-You can also set a frame's principal font through a pop-up menu.
-Press @kbd{S-Mouse-1} to activate this menu.
+implemented by the window manager. To control that, you must use the
+appropriate window manager features.
@end table
In Emacs versions that use an X toolkit, the color-setting and
font-setting functions don't affect menus and the menu bar, since they
are displayed by their own widget classes. To change the appearance of
-the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources X}).
-@xref{Colors X}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of
+the menus and menu bar, you must use X resources (@pxref{Resources}).
+@xref{Colors}, regarding colors. @xref{Font X}, regarding choice of
font.
- For information on frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame
+ Colors, fonts, and other attributes of the frame's display can also
+be customized by setting frame parameters in the variable
+@code{default-frame-alist} (@pxref{Creating Frames}). For a detailed
+description of frame parameters and customization, see @ref{Frame
Parameters,,, elisp, The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
@node Scroll Bars
@cindex Scroll Bar mode
@cindex mode, Scroll Bar
- When using X, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at the left of
-each Emacs window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is usually more
-useful with overlapping frames with text starting at the left margin.}
-The scroll bar runs the height of the window, and shows a moving
-rectangular inner box which represents the portion of the buffer
-currently displayed. The entire height of the scroll bar represents the
-entire length of the buffer.
+ On graphical displays, Emacs normally makes a @dfn{scroll bar} at
+the left of each Emacs window.@footnote{Placing it at the left is
+usually more useful with overlapping frames with text starting at the
+left margin.} The scroll bar runs the height of the window, and shows
+a moving rectangular inner box which represents the portion of the
+buffer currently displayed. The entire height of the scroll bar
+represents the entire length of the buffer.
You can use @kbd{Mouse-2} (normally, the middle button) in the scroll
bar to move or drag the inner box up and down. If you move it to the
down to the level where you click. By clicking repeatedly in the same
place, you can scroll by the same distance over and over.
- Aside from scrolling, you can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the scroll
-bar to split a window vertically. The split occurs on the line where
-you click.
+ You can also click @kbd{C-Mouse-2} in the scroll bar to split a
+window vertically. The split occurs on the line where you click.
@findex scroll-bar-mode
@vindex scroll-bar-mode
You can enable or disable Scroll Bar mode with the command @kbd{M-x
-scroll-bar-mode}. With no argument, it toggles the use of scroll bars.
-With an argument, it turns use of scroll bars on if and only if the
-argument is positive. This command applies to all frames, including
-frames yet to be created. Customize the option @code{scroll-bar-mode}
-to control the use of scroll bars at startup. You can use it to specify
-that they are placed at the right of windows if you prefer that. You
-can use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control the initial
-setting of Scroll Bar mode similarly. @xref{Resources X}.
+scroll-bar-mode}. With no argument, it toggles the use of scroll
+bars. With an argument, it turns use of scroll bars on if and only if
+the argument is positive. This command applies to all frames,
+including frames yet to be created. Customize the variable
+@code{scroll-bar-mode} to control the use of scroll bars at startup.
+You can use it to specify that they are placed at the right of windows
+if you prefer that. You have to set this variable through the
+@samp{Customize} interface (@pxref{Easy Customization}), or it will
+not work properly.
+
+ You can also use the X resource @samp{verticalScrollBars} to control
+the initial setting of Scroll Bar mode. @xref{Resources}.
@findex toggle-scroll-bar
To enable or disable scroll bars for just the selected frame, use the
-@kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar} command.
+command @kbd{M-x toggle-scroll-bar}.
+
+@vindex scroll-bar-width
+@cindex width of the scroll bar
+ You can control the scroll bar width by changing the value of the
+@code{scroll-bar-width} frame parameter.
@node Wheeled Mice
-@section Scrolling With `Wheeled' Mice
+@section Scrolling With ``Wheeled'' Mice
@cindex mouse wheel
-@findex mwheel-install
-Some mice have a `wheel' instead of a third button. You can usually
-click the wheel to act as @kbd{mouse-3}. You can also use the wheel to
+@cindex wheel, mouse
+@findex mouse-wheel-mode
+@cindex Mouse Wheel minor mode
+@cindex mode, Mouse Wheel
+ Some mice have a ``wheel'' instead of a third button. You can
+usually click the wheel to act as either @kbd{Mouse-2} or
+@kbd{Mouse-3}, depending on the setup. You can also use the wheel to
scroll windows instead of using the scroll bar or keyboard commands.
-Use @kbd{M-x mwheel-install} to set up the wheel for scrolling or put
-@samp{(require 'mwheel)} in your @file{.emacs}. (Support for the wheel
-depends on the system generating appropriate events for Emacs.)
-
-@vindex mwheel-follow-mouse
-@vindex mwheel-scroll-amount
-The variables @code{mwheel-follow-mouse} and @code{mwheel-scroll-amount}
-determine where and by how much buffers are scrolled.
+Mouse wheel support only works if the system generates appropriate
+events; whenever possible, it is turned on by default. To toggle this
+feature, use @kbd{M-x mouse-wheel-mode}.
+
+@vindex mouse-wheel-follow-mouse
+@vindex mouse-wheel-scroll-amount
+@vindex mouse-wheel-progressive-speed
+ The variables @code{mouse-wheel-follow-mouse} and
+@code{mouse-wheel-scroll-amount} determine where and by how much
+buffers are scrolled. The variable
+@code{mouse-wheel-progressive-speed} determines whether the scroll
+speed is linked to how fast you move the wheel.
+
+@node Drag and Drop
+@section Drag and Drop
+@cindex drag and drop
+
+ Emacs supports @dfn{drag and drop} using the mouse. For instance,
+dropping text onto an Emacs frame inserts the text where it is dropped.
+Dropping a file onto an Emacs frame visits that file. As a special
+case, dropping the file on a Dired buffer moves or copies the file
+(according to the conventions of the application it came from) into the
+directory displayed in that buffer.
+
+@vindex dnd-open-file-other-window
+ Dropping a file normally visits it in the window you drop it on. If
+you prefer to visit the file in a new window in such cases, customize
+the variable @code{dnd-open-file-other-window}.
+
+ The XDND and Motif drag and drop protocols, and the old KDE 1.x
+protocol, are currently supported.
@node Menu Bars
@section Menu Bars
@cindex mode, Menu Bar
You can turn display of menu bars on or off with @kbd{M-x
-menu-bar-mode} or by customizing the option @code{menu-bar-mode}.
+menu-bar-mode} or by customizing the variable @code{menu-bar-mode}.
With no argument, this command toggles Menu Bar mode, a
minor mode. With an argument, the command turns Menu Bar mode on if the
argument is positive, off if the argument is not positive. You can use
the X resource @samp{menuBarLines} to control the initial setting of
-Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources X}.
+Menu Bar mode. @xref{Resources}.
-@kindex C-Mouse-3@r{, when menu bar is turned off}
-Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text-only
-terminals, where this makes one additional line available for text. If
-the menu bar is off, you can still pop up a menu of its contents with
-@kbd{C-mouse-3} on a display which supports popup menus. @xref{Menu
-Mouse Clicks}.
+@kindex C-Mouse-3 @r{(when menu bar is disabled)}
+ Expert users often turn off the menu bar, especially on text-only
+terminals, where this makes one additional line available for text.
+If the menu bar is off, you can still pop up a menu of its contents
+with @kbd{C-Mouse-3} on a display which supports pop-up menus.
+@xref{Menu Mouse Clicks}.
@xref{Menu Bar}, for information on how to invoke commands with the
-menu bar.
+menu bar. @xref{X Resources}, for how to customize the menu bar
+menus' visual appearance.
@node Tool Bars
@section Tool Bars
@cindex Tool Bar mode
@cindex mode, Tool Bar
-@cindex icons, tool bar
+@cindex icons, toolbar
+
+ The @dfn{tool bar} is a line (or lines) of icons at the top of the
+Emacs window, just below the menu bar. You can click on these icons
+with the mouse to do various jobs.
+
+ The global tool bar contains general commands. Some major modes
+define their own tool bars to replace it. A few ``special'' modes
+that are not designed for ordinary editing remove some items from the
+global tool bar.
-You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x tool-bar-mode}
-analogously to @code{menu-bar-mode}. @xref{Menu Bars}. This will only
-work in an Emacs with appropriate image support for the available icons
-on a graphic display. By default, monochrome (PBM or XBM format) icons
-are used. XPM format icons, which normally look better, will normally
-be used if Emacs was built with XPM support.
+ Tool bars work only on a graphical display. The tool bar uses colored
+XPM icons if Emacs was built with XPM support. Otherwise, the tool
+bar uses monochrome icons (PBM or XBM format).
-There is a global tool bar with useful items and some modes define their
-own tool bars to replace it.@footnote{We could provide more if suitable
-icons are contributed.} Some items are removed from the global bar in
-`special' modes not designed for editing text.
+ You can turn display of tool bars on or off with @kbd{M-x
+tool-bar-mode} or by customizing the option @code{tool-bar-mode}.
@node Dialog Boxes
@section Using Dialog Boxes
@cindex dialog boxes
@vindex use-dialog-box
-Certain operations invoked from menus will use a window system dialog
-box to get information via the mouse if such dialog boxes are supported.
-This includes yes/no questions and file selection under Motif/LessTif
-and MS Windows. Customize the option @code{use-dialog-box} to suppress
-the use of dialog boxes.
-
-@node Faces
-@section Using Multiple Typefaces
-@cindex faces
-
- When using Emacs with X, you can set up multiple styles of displaying
-characters. The aspects of style that you can control are the type
-font, the foreground color, the background color, and whether to
-underline. Emacs on MS-DOS supports faces partially by letting you
-control the foreground and background colors of each face
-(@pxref{MS-DOS}). On non-windowed terminals faces are supported to the
-extent the terminal can display them.
-
- The way you control display style is by defining named @dfn{faces}.
-Each face can specify a type font, a foreground color, a background
-color, and an underline flag; but it does not have to specify all of
-them. Then by specifying the face or faces to use for a given part
-of the text in the buffer, you control how that text appears.
-
- The style of display used for a given character in the text is
-determined by combining several faces. Any aspect of the display style
-that isn't specified by overlays or text properties comes from the frame
-itself.
-
- Enriched mode, the mode for editing formatted text, includes several
-commands and menus for specifying faces. @xref{Format Faces}, for how
-to specify the font for text in the buffer. @xref{Format Colors}, for
-how to specify the foreground and background color.
-
- To alter the appearance of a face, use the customization buffer.
-@xref{Face Customization}. You can also use X resources to specify
-attributes of particular faces (@pxref{Resources X}).
-
-@cindex face colors, setting
-@findex set-face-foreground
-@findex set-face-background
- Alternatively, you could change the foreground and background colors
-of a specific face with @kbd{M-x set-face-foreground} and @kbd{M-x
-set-face-background}. These commands prompt in the minibuffer for a
-face name and a color name, with completion, and then setup that face to
-use the specified color.
-
-@findex list-faces-display
- To see what faces are currently defined, and what they look like, type
-@kbd{M-x list-faces-display}. It's possible for a given face to look
-different in different frames; this command shows the appearance in the
-frame in which you type it. Here's a list of the standardly defined
-faces:
+ A dialog box is a special kind of menu for asking you a yes-or-no
+question or some other special question. Many Emacs commands use a
+dialog box to ask a yes-or-no question, if you used the mouse to
+invoke the command to begin with.
+
+ You can customize the variable @code{use-dialog-box} to suppress the
+use of dialog boxes. This also controls whether to use file selection
+windows (but those are not supported on all platforms).
+
+@vindex use-file-dialog
+ A file selection window is a special kind of dialog box for asking
+for file names. You can customize the variable @code{use-file-dialog}
+to suppress the use of file selection windows, even if you still want
+other kinds of dialogs. This variable has no effect if you have
+suppressed all dialog boxes with the variable @code{use-dialog-box}.
+
+@vindex x-gtk-show-hidden-files
+ For Gtk+ version 2.4 and newer, Emacs use the Gtk+ file chooser
+dialog. Emacs adds a toggle button that enables and disables showing
+of hidden files (files starting with a dot) in that dialog. The
+variable @code{x-gtk-show-hidden-files} controls whether to show
+hidden files by default.
+
+@vindex x-use-old-gtk-file-dialog
+ For Gtk+ version 2.4 and 2.6, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
+by setting the variable @code{x-use-old-gtk-file-dialog} to a non-@code{nil}
+value. If Emacs is built with a Gtk+ version that has only one file dialog,
+the setting of this variable has no effect.
-@table @code
-@item default
-This face is used for ordinary text that doesn't specify any other face.
-@item modeline
-This face is used for mode lines. By default, it's drawn with shadows
-for a `raised' effect under X and set up as the inverse of the default
-face on non-windowed terminals. @xref{Display Vars}.
-@item header-line
-Similar to @code{modeline} for a window's header line.
-@item highlight
-This face is used for highlighting portions of text, in various modes.
-@item region
-This face is used for displaying a selected region (when Transient Mark
-mode is enabled---see below).
-@item secondary-selection
-This face is used for displaying a secondary selection (@pxref{Secondary
-Selection}).
-@item bold
-This face uses a bold variant of the default font, if it has one.
-@item italic
-This face uses an italic variant of the default font, if it has one.
-@item bold-italic
-This face uses a bold italic variant of the default font, if it has one.
-@item underline
-This face underlines text.
-@item fixed-pitch
-The basic fixed-pitch face.
-@item fringe
-The face for the fringes to the left and right of windows under X.
-@item scroll-bar
-This face determines the colors of the scroll bar.
-@item border
-This face determines the color of the frame border.
-@item cursor
-This face determines the color of the cursor.
-@item mouse
-This face determines the color of the mouse pointer.
-@item tool-bar
-The basic tool-bar face.
-@item menu
-This face determines the colors and font of Emacs's menus. Setting the
-font of LessTif/Motif menus is currently not supported; attempts to set
-the font are ignored in this case.
-@item trailing-whitespace
-The face for highlighting trailing whitespace when
-@code{show-trailing-whitespace} is non-nil.
-@item variable-pitch
-The basic variable-pitch face.
-@end table
-
-@cindex @code{region} face
- When Transient Mark mode is enabled, the text of the region is
-highlighted when the mark is active. This uses the face named
-@code{region}; you can control the style of highlighting by changing the
-style of this face (@pxref{Face Customization}). @xref{Transient Mark},
-for more information about Transient Mark mode and activation and
-deactivation of the mark.
-
- One easy way to use faces is to turn on Font Lock mode. This minor
-mode, which is always local to a particular buffer, arranges to
-choose faces according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It
-can recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several
-languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other
-important constructs. @xref{Font Lock}, for more information about
-Font Lock mode and syntactic highlighting.
-
- You can print out the buffer with the highlighting that appears
-on your screen using the command @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}.
-@xref{PostScript}.
-
-@node Font Lock
-@section Font Lock mode
-@cindex Font Lock mode
-@cindex mode, Font Lock
-@cindex syntax highlighting
-@cindex syntax coloring
-
- Font Lock mode is a minor mode, always local to a particular
-buffer, which highlights (or ``fontifies'') using various faces
-according to the syntax of the text you are editing. It can
-recognize comments and strings in most languages; in several
-languages, it can also recognize and properly highlight various other
-important constructs---for example, names of functions being defined
-or reserved keywords.
-
-@findex font-lock-mode
-@findex turn-on-font-lock
- The command @kbd{M-x font-lock-mode} turns Font Lock mode on or off
-according to the argument, and toggles the mode when it has no argument.
-The function @code{turn-on-font-lock} unconditionally enables Font Lock
-mode. This is useful in mode-hook functions. For example, to enable
-Font Lock mode whenever you edit a C file, you can do this:
-
-@example
-(add-hook 'c-mode-hook 'turn-on-font-lock)
-@end example
-
-@findex global-font-lock-mode
-@vindex global-font-lock-mode
- To turn on Font Lock mode automatically in all modes which support it,
-customize the user option @code{global-font-lock-mode} or use the
-function @code{global-font-lock-mode}, like this:
-
-@example
-(global-font-lock-mode 1)
-@end example
-
- To change the colors or the fonts used by Font Lock mode to fontify
-different parts of text, you can use one of the following:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Invoke @kbd{M-x set-face-foreground} or @kbd{M-x set-face-background} to
-change the colors of a particular face, such as
-@code{font-lock-variable-name-face}, used by Font Lock. @xref{Faces}.
-The command @kbd{M-x list-faces-display} displays all the faces
-currently known to Emacs, including those used by Font Lock.
-
-@item
-Customize the faces interactively with @kbd{M-x customize-face}, as
-described in @ref{Face Customization}.
-@end itemize
-
-@kindex M-g M-g
-@findex font-lock-fontify-block
- In Font Lock mode, when you edit the text, the highlighting updates
-automatically in the line that you changed. Most changes don't affect
-the highlighting of subsequent lines, but occasionally they do. To
-rehighlight a range of lines, use the command @kbd{M-g M-g}
-(@code{font-lock-fontify-block}).
-
-@vindex font-lock-mark-block-function
- In certain major modes, @kbd{M-g M-g} refontifies the entire current
-function. (The variable @code{font-lock-mark-block-function} controls
-how to find the current function.) In other major modes, @kbd{M-g M-g}
-refontifies 16 lines above and below point.
-
- With a prefix argument @var{n}, @kbd{M-g M-g} refontifies @var{n}
-lines above and below point, regardless of the mode.
-
- To get the full benefit of Font Lock mode, you need to choose a
-default font which has bold, italic, and bold-italic variants; or else
-you need to have a color or gray-scale screen.
-
-@vindex font-lock-maximum-decoration
- The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-decoration} specifies the
-preferred level of fontification, for modes that provide multiple
-levels. Level 1 is the least amount of fontification; some modes
-support levels as high as 3. The normal default is ``as high as
-possible.'' You can specify an integer, which applies to all modes, or
-you can specify different numbers for particular major modes; for
-example, to use level 1 for C/C++ modes, and the default level
-otherwise, use this:
-
-@example
-(setq font-lock-maximum-decoration
- '((c-mode . 1) (c++-mode . 1)))
-@end example
-
-@vindex font-lock-maximum-size
- Fontification can be too slow for large buffers, so you can suppress
-it. The variable @code{font-lock-maximum-size} specifies a buffer size,
-beyond which buffer fontification is suppressed.
-
-@c @w is used below to prevent a bad page-break.
-@vindex font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function
- Comment and string fontification (or ``syntactic'' fontification)
-relies on analysis of the syntactic structure of the buffer text. For
-the purposes of speed, some modes including C mode and Lisp mode rely on
-a special convention: an open-parenthesis in the leftmost column always
-defines the @w{beginning} of a defun, and is thus always outside any string
-or comment. (@xref{Defuns}.) If you don't follow this convention,
-then Font Lock mode can misfontify the text after an open-parenthesis in
-the leftmost column that is inside a string or comment.
-
- The variable @code{font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function} (always
-buffer-local) specifies how Font Lock mode can find a position
-guaranteed to be outside any comment or string. In modes which use the
-leftmost column parenthesis convention, the default value of the variable
-is @code{beginning-of-defun}---that tells Font Lock mode to use the
-convention. If you set this variable to @code{nil}, Font Lock no longer
-relies on the convention. This avoids incorrect results, but the price
-is that, in some cases, fontification for a changed text must rescan
-buffer text from the beginning of the buffer.
-
-@findex font-lock-add-keywords
- Font Lock highlighting patterns already exist for many modes, but you
-may want to fontify additional patterns. You can use the function
-@code{font-lock-add-keywords}, to add your own highlighting patterns for
-a particular mode. For example, to highlight @samp{FIXME:} words in C
-comments, use this:
-
-@example
-(font-lock-add-keywords
- 'c-mode
- '(("\\<\\(FIXME\\):" 1 font-lock-warning-face t)))
-@end example
-
-@node Support Modes
-@section Font Lock Support Modes
-
- Font Lock support modes make Font Lock mode faster for large buffers.
-There are two support modes: Fast Lock mode and Lazy Lock mode. They
-use two different methods of speeding up Font Lock mode.
-
-@menu
-* Fast Lock Mode:: Saving font information in files.
-* Lazy Lock Mode:: Fontifying only text that is actually displayed.
-* JIT Lock Mode:: Like Lazy Lock, but generally faster.
-* Fast or Lazy:: Which support mode is best for you?
-@end menu
-
-@node Fast Lock Mode
-@subsection Fast Lock Mode
-
-@cindex Fast Lock mode
-@cindex mode, Fast Lock
- To make Font Lock mode faster for buffers visiting large files, you
-can use Fast Lock mode. Fast Lock mode saves the font information for
-each file in a separate cache file; each time you visit the file, it
-rereads the font information from the cache file instead of refontifying
-the text from scratch.
-
-@findex fast-lock-mode
- The command @kbd{M-x fast-lock-mode} turns Fast Lock mode on or off,
-according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). You can also
-arrange to enable Fast Lock mode whenever you use Font Lock mode, like
-this:
-
-@example
-(setq font-lock-support-mode 'fast-lock-mode)
-@end example
-
-@vindex fast-lock-minimum-size
- It is not worth writing a cache file for small buffers. Therefore,
-the variable @code{fast-lock-minimum-size} specifies a minimum file size
-for caching font information.
-
-@vindex fast-lock-cache-directories
- The variable @code{fast-lock-cache-directories} specifies where to put
-the cache files. Its value is a list of directories to try; @code{"."}
-means the same directory as the file being edited. The default value is
-@w{@code{("." "~/.emacs-flc")}}, which means to use the same directory if
-possible, and otherwise the directory @file{~/.emacs-flc}.
-
-@vindex fast-lock-save-others
- The variable @code{fast-lock-save-others} specifies whether Fast Lock
-mode should save cache files for files that you do not own. A
-non-@code{nil} value means yes (and that is the default).
-
-@node Lazy Lock Mode
-@subsection Lazy Lock Mode
-@cindex Lazy Lock mode
-@cindex mode, Lazy Lock
-
- To make Font Lock mode faster for large buffers, you can use Lazy Lock
-mode to reduce the amount of text that is fontified. In Lazy Lock mode,
-buffer fontification is demand-driven; it happens to portions of the
-buffer that are about to be displayed. And fontification of your
-changes is deferred; it happens only when Emacs has been idle for a
-certain short period of time.
-
-@findex lazy-lock-mode
- The command @kbd{M-x lazy-lock-mode} turns Lazy Lock mode on or off,
-according to the argument (with no argument, it toggles). You can also
-arrange to enable Lazy Lock mode whenever you use Font Lock mode, like
-this:
-
-@example
-(setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
-@end example
-
-@vindex lazy-lock-minimum-size
- It is not worth avoiding buffer fontification for small buffers.
-Therefore, the variable @code{lazy-lock-minimum-size} specifies a
-minimum buffer size for demand-driven buffer fontification. Buffers
-smaller than that are fontified all at once, as in plain Font Lock mode.
-
-@vindex lazy-lock-defer-time
- When you alter the buffer, Lazy Lock mode defers fontification of the
-text you changed. The variable @code{lazy-lock-defer-time} specifies
-how many seconds Emacs must be idle before it starts fontifying your
-changes. If the value is 0, then changes are fontified immediately, as
-in plain Font Lock mode.
-
-@vindex lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling
- Lazy Lock mode normally fontifies newly visible portions of the buffer
-before they are first displayed. However, if the value of
-@code{lazy-lock-defer-on-scrolling} is non-@code{nil}, newly visible
-text is fontified only when Emacs is idle for
-@code{lazy-lock-defer-time} seconds.
-
-@vindex lazy-lock-defer-contextually
- In some modes, including C mode and Emacs Lisp mode, changes in one
-line's contents can alter the context for subsequent lines, and thus
-change how they ought to be fontified. Ordinarily, you must type
-@kbd{M-g M-g} to refontify the subsequent lines. However, if you set
-the variable @code{lazy-lock-defer-contextually} to non-@code{nil}, Lazy
-Lock mode does this automatically, after @code{lazy-lock-defer-time}
-seconds.
-
-@cindex stealth fontification
- When Emacs is idle for a long time, Lazy Lock fontifies additional
-portions of the buffer, not yet displayed, in case you will display them
-later. This is called @dfn{stealth fontification}.
-
-@vindex lazy-lock-stealth-time
-@vindex lazy-lock-stealth-lines
-@vindex lazy-lock-stealth-verbose
- The variable @code{lazy-lock-stealth-time} specifies how many seconds
-Emacs has to be idle before stealth fontification starts. A value of
-@code{nil} means no stealth fontification. The variables
-@code{lazy-lock-stealth-lines} and @code{lazy-lock-stealth-verbose}
-specify the granularity and verbosity of stealth fontification.
-
-@node JIT Lock Mode
-@subsection JIT Lock Mode
-
-@findex jit-lock-mode
-This Just-In-time support mode is roughly equivalent to Lazy Lock but is
-generally faster and more robust. It supports stealth and deferred
-contextual fontification.
-
-Font-lock uses @code{jit-lock-mode} as default support mode, so you
-don't have to do anything to activate it.
-
-@node Fast or Lazy
-@subsection Fast Lock or Lazy Lock?
-
- Here is a simple guide to help you choose one of the Font Lock support
-modes.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Fast Lock mode intervenes only during file visiting and buffer
-killing (and related events); therefore buffer editing and window
-scrolling are no faster or slower than in plain Font Lock mode.
-
-@item
-Fast Lock mode is slower at reading a cache file than Lazy Lock
-mode is at fontifying a window; therefore Fast Lock mode is slower at
-visiting a file than Lazy Lock mode.
-
-@item
-Lazy Lock mode intervenes during window scrolling to fontify text that
-scrolls onto the screen; therefore, scrolling is slower than in plain
-Font Lock mode.
-
-@item
-Lazy Lock mode doesn't fontify during buffer editing (it defers
-fontification of changes); therefore, editing is faster than in plain
-Font Lock mode.
-
-@item
-Fast Lock mode can be fooled by a file that is kept under version
-control software; therefore buffer fontification may occur even when
-a cache file exists for the file.
-
-@item
-Fast Lock mode only works with a buffer visiting a file; Lazy Lock
-mode works with any buffer.
-
-@item
-Fast Lock mode generates cache files; Lazy Lock mode does not.
-@end itemize
-
-@vindex font-lock-support-mode
- The variable @code{font-lock-support-mode} specifies which of these
-support modes to use; for example, to specify that Fast Lock mode is
-used for C/C++ modes, and Lazy Lock mode otherwise, set the variable
-like this:
-
-@example
-(setq font-lock-support-mode
- '((c-mode . fast-lock-mode) (c++-mode . fast-lock-mode)
- (t . lazy-lock-mode)))
-@end example
-
-@node Highlight Changes
-@section Highlight Changes Mode
-
-@findex highlight-changes-mode
- Use @kbd{M-x highlight-changes-mode} to enable a minor mode
-that uses faces (colors, typically) to indicate which parts of
-the buffer were changed most recently.
-
-@node Highlight Interactively
-@section Interactive Highlighting of Arbitrary Text
-
-@cindex highlighting, arbitrary text
-@cindex interactive highlighting
- Sometimes, you could need to highlight arbitrary strings in the
-buffer. For example, you might wish to see all the references to a
-certain variable in a program source file or highlight certain parts in
-a voluminous output of some program, or make certain cliches stand out.
-
-@findex hi-lock-mode
- Use the @kbd{M-x hi-lock-mode} command to turn on a minor mode that
-allows you to specify regular expressions of the text to be highlighted.
-@code{hi-lock-mode} works like Font Lock (@pxref{Font Lock}), except
-that it lets you control what parts of text are highlighted.
-@code{hi-lock-mode} provides several functions:
-
-@table @kbd
-@item C-x w h
-@kindex C-x w i
-@findex highlight-regexp
-Specify the regular expression (@pxref{Regexps}) for the parts of buffer
-text that are to be highlighted (@code{highlight-regexp}). It prompts
-for the regular expression, then for the name of the face with which to
-highlight the text that matches.
-
-@item C-x w r
-@kindex C-x w r
-@findex unhighlight-regexp
-Unhighlight @var{regexp} (@code{unhighlight-regexp}). Prompts for the
-regular expression, and will accept only one of the regexps inserted by
-other @code{hi-lock} commands.
-
-@item C-x w l
-@kindex C-x w l
-@findex highlight-lines-matching-regexp
-@cindex lines, highlighting
-@cindex highlighting lines of text
-Specify the regular expression (@pxref{Regexps}) for the lines of buffer
-text that are to be highlighted
-(@code{highlight-lines-matching-regexp}). It prompts for the regular
-expression, then for the name of the face with which to highlight the
-matching lines.
-
-@item C-x w b
-@kindex C-x w b
-@findex hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns
-This runs the @code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns} command which
-inserts the patterns added by @kbd{M-x highlight-regexp} and @kbd{M-x
-highlight-lines-matching-regexp} into the current buffer at point, as
-comments. These patterns will be read the next time the file is
-visited, or when the @kbd{M-x hi-lock-find-patterns} command is issued.
-
-@item C-x w i
-@kindex C-x w i
-@findex hi-lock-find-patterns
-@vindex hi-lock-exclude-modes
-Re-read patterns stored in a buffer in the format produced by @kbd{M-x
-hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns}
-(@code{hi-lock-write-interactive-patterns}. If you invoke this command
-in a buffer whose major mode is a member of the list that is the value
-of the variable @code{hi-lock-exclude-modes}, this command has no
-effect.
-@end table
-
-
-@node Trailing Whitespace
-@section Trailing Whitespace
+@node Tooltips
+@section Tooltips
+@cindex tooltips
-@cindex trailing whitespace
-@cindex whitespace, trailing
-@vindex show-trailing-whitespace
-The option @code{show-trailing-whitespace} can be customized so that
-Emacs displays trailing whitespace in the face
-@code{trailing-whitespace}. Trailing whitespace is defined as spaces or
-tabs at the end of a line. To avoid busy highlighting when entering new
-text, trailing whitespace is not displayed if point is at the end of the
-line containing the whitespace.
+ @dfn{Tooltips} are small windows that display text information at the
+current mouse position. They activate when there is a pause in mouse
+movement. There are two types of tooltip: help tooltips and GUD
+tooltips.
-@node Tooltips
-@section Tooltips (or `Balloon Help')
+ @dfn{Help tooltips} typically display over text---including the mode
+line---but are also available for other parts of the Emacs frame, such
+as the tool bar and menu items.
-@cindex balloon help
@findex tooltip-mode
-Tooltips are small X windows displaying a help string at the current
-mouse position, typically over text---including the mode line---which
-can be activated with the mouse or other keys. (This facility is
-sometimes known as `balloon help'.) Tooltips may be available for menu
-items too.
+ You can toggle display of help tooltips (Tooltip mode) with the
+command @kbd{M-x tooltip-mode}. When Tooltip mode is disabled, the
+help text is displayed in the echo area instead.
-To use tooltips, customize the user option @code{tooltip-mode}. The
-customization group @code{tooltip} controls various aspects of their
-display. If Tooltip mode is not activated, the help text is displayed
-in the echo area instead.
+ @dfn{GUD tooltips} show values of variables. They are useful when
+you are debugging a program. @xref{Debugger Operation}.
+
+@vindex tooltip-delay
+ The variables @code{tooltip-delay} specifies how long Emacs should
+wait before displaying a tooltip. For additional customization
+options for displaying tooltips, use @kbd{M-x customize-group
+@key{RET} tooltip @key{RET}}. @xref{X Resources}, for information on
+customizing the windows that display tooltips.
@node Mouse Avoidance
@section Mouse Avoidance
+@cindex avoiding mouse in the way of your typing
+@cindex mouse avoidance
-Mouse Avoidance mode keeps the window system mouse pointer away from
-point to avoid obscuring text. Whenever the mouse is moved, the frame
-is also raised. To use it, customize the option
-@code{mouse-avoidance-mode}. You can set this to various values to move
-the mouse in several ways:
+@vindex mouse-avoidance-mode
+Mouse Avoidance mode keeps the mouse pointer away from point, to avoid
+obscuring text you want to edit. Whenever it moves the mouse, it also
+raises the frame. To use Mouse Avoidance mode, customize the variable
+@code{mouse-avoidance-mode}. You can set this to various values to
+move the mouse in several ways:
@table @code
@item banish
-Move the mouse to the upper-right corner on any keypress;
+Move the mouse to the upper-right corner on any key-press;
@item exile
Move the mouse to the corner only if the cursor gets too close,
and allow it to return once the cursor is out of the way;
As @code{animate}, but changes the shape of the mouse pointer too.
@end table
-You can also use the command @kbd{M-x mouse-avoidance-mode} to turn on
+@findex mouse-avoidance-mode
+You can also use the command @kbd{M-x mouse-avoidance-mode} to enable
the mode.
-@node Misc X
-@section Miscellaneous X Window Features
-
- The following commands let you create, delete and operate on frames:
-
-@table @kbd
-@item C-z
-@kindex C-z @r{(X windows)}
-@findex iconify-or-deiconify-frame
-Iconify the selected Emacs frame (@code{iconify-or-deiconify-frame}).
-The normal meaning of @kbd{C-z}, to suspend Emacs, is not useful under a
-window system, so it has a different binding in that case.
-
-If you type this command on an Emacs frame's icon, it deiconifies the frame.
-
-@item C-x 5 0
-@kindex C-x 5 0
-@findex delete-frame
-Delete the selected frame (@code{delete-frame}). This is not allowed if
-there is only one frame.
-
-@item C-x 5 o
-@kindex C-x 5 o
-@findex other-frame
-Select another frame, raise it, and warp the mouse to it so that it
-stays selected. If you repeat this command, it cycles through all the
-frames on your terminal.
-
-@item C-x 5 1
-@kindex C-x 5 1
-@findex delete-other-frames
-Delete all frames except the selected one.
-@end table
-
-@cindex busy-cursor display
-@vindex busy-cursor-delay
- Emacs can optionally display a busy cursor on X and other window
-systems. To turn this on or off, customize the group @code{cursor}.
-You can also control the amount of time Emacs is busy before the
-busy-cursor is displayed, by customizing the value of the variable
-@code{busy-cursor-delay}.
-
-@vindex x-stretch-cursor
-@cindex wide block cursor
- Emacs on X can draw the block cursor as wide as the glyph under the
-cursor. For example, if the cursor is on a TAB character, it is drawn
-as wide as that TAB is on the display. To turn on this feature, set the
-variable @code{x-stretch-cursor} to a non-nil value.
-
-@vindex indicate-empty-lines
-@vindex default-indicate-empty-lines
-@cindex empty lines
- Empty display lines at the end of the buffer can be optionally marked
-with a special bitmap on the left fringe of the window. This is
-activated by setting the buffer-local variable
-@code{indicate-empty-lines} to a non-nil value. The default value of
-this variable is found in @code{default-indicate-empty-lines}.
-
@node Non-Window Terminals
@section Non-Window Terminals
@cindex non-window terminals
@cindex single-frame terminals
- If your terminal does not have a window system that Emacs supports,
-then it can display only one Emacs frame at a time. However, you can
-still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch between them. Switching
-frames on these terminals is much like switching between different
-window configurations.
+ On a text-only terminal, Emacs can display only one Emacs frame at a
+time. However, you can still create multiple Emacs frames, and switch
+between them. Switching frames on these terminals is much like
+switching between different window configurations.
Use @kbd{C-x 5 2} to create a new frame and switch to it; use @kbd{C-x
5 o} to cycle through the existing frames; use @kbd{C-x 5 0} to delete
@findex set-frame-name
@findex select-frame-by-name
- @samp{F@var{n}} is actually the frame's name. You can also specify a
-different name if you wish, and you can select a frame by its name. Use
-the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to
-specify a new name for the selected frame, and use @kbd{M-x
-select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}} to select a frame
-according to its name. The name you specify appears in the mode line
-when the frame is selected.
+ @samp{F@var{n}} is in fact the frame's initial name. You can give
+frames more meaningful names if you wish, and you can select a frame
+by its name. Use the command @kbd{M-x set-frame-name @key{RET}
+@var{name} @key{RET}} to specify a new name for the selected frame,
+and use @kbd{M-x select-frame-by-name @key{RET} @var{name} @key{RET}}
+to select a frame according to its name. The name you specify appears
+in the mode line when the frame is selected.
@node XTerm Mouse
@section Using a Mouse in Terminal Emulators
@cindex xterm, mouse support
@cindex terminal emulators, mouse support
-Some terminal emulators under X support mouse clicks in the terminal
+ Some terminal emulators under X support mouse clicks in the terminal
window. In a terminal emulator which is compatible with @code{xterm},
-you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to enable simple use of the
-mouse---only single clicks are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse
-functionality is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key
-when you press the mouse button.
+you can use @kbd{M-x xterm-mouse-mode} to give Emacs control over
+simple use of the mouse---basically, only non-modified single clicks
+are supported. The normal @code{xterm} mouse functionality for such
+clicks is still available by holding down the @kbd{SHIFT} key when you
+press the mouse button.
+
+ Xterm Mouse mode is a global minor mode (@pxref{Minor Modes}).
+Repeating the command turns the mode off again.
+
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: 7dcf3a31-a43b-45d4-a900-445b10d77e49
+@end ignore