@c -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 1999-2015 Free Software
+@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 1999-2016 Free Software
@c Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Programs
distributed with Emacs (@pxref{Packages}); or you can contribute one.
@kindex DEL @r{(programming modes)}
-@findex c-electric-backspace
@findex backward-delete-char-untabify
In most programming languages, indentation should vary from line to
line to illustrate the structure of the program. Therefore, in most
The Imenu facility offers a way to find the major definitions in
a file by name. It is also useful in text formatter major modes,
where it treats each chapter, section, etc., as a definition.
-(@xref{Tags}, for a more powerful feature that handles multiple files
+(@xref{Xref}, for a more powerful feature that handles multiple files
together.)
@findex imenu
line within the region, not just the current line.
The command @key{RET} (@code{newline}), which was documented in
-@ref{Inserting Text}, does the same as @key{C-j} followed by
+@ref{Inserting Text}, does the same as @kbd{C-j} followed by
@key{TAB}: it inserts a new line, then adjusts the line's indentation.
When indenting a line that starts within a parenthetical grouping,
styles are primarily intended for one language, but any of them can be
used with any of the languages supported by these modes. To find out
what a style looks like, select it and reindent some code, e.g., by
-typing @key{C-M-q} at the start of a function definition.
+typing @kbd{C-M-q} at the start of a function definition.
@kindex C-c . @r{(C mode)}
@findex c-set-style
The following commands move over groupings delimited by parentheses
(or whatever else serves as delimiters in the language you are working
with). They ignore strings and comments, including any parentheses
-within them, and also ignore parentheses that are ``quoted'' with an
+within them, and also ignore parentheses that are quoted with an
escape character. These commands are mainly intended for editing
programs, but can be useful for editing any text containing
-parentheses. They are referred to internally as ``list'' commands
+parentheses. They are referred to internally as ``list commands''
because in Lisp these groupings are lists.
These commands assume that the starting point is not inside a string
@kindex C-M-p
@findex forward-list
@findex backward-list
- The ``list'' commands @kbd{C-M-n} (@code{forward-list}) and
+ The list commands @kbd{C-M-n} (@code{forward-list}) and
@kbd{C-M-p} (@code{backward-list}) move forward or backward over one
(or @var{n}) parenthetical groupings.
@code{blink-matching-paren} turns the feature on or off: @code{nil}
disables it, but the default is @code{t} to enable it. Set it to
@code{jump} to make indication work by momentarily moving the cursor
-to the matching opening delimiter.
+to the matching opening delimiter. Set it to @code{jump-offscreen} to
+make the cursor jump, even if the opening delimiter is off screen.
@item
@code{blink-matching-delay} says how many seconds to keep indicating
@findex show-paren-mode
Show Paren mode, a global minor mode, provides a more powerful kind
of automatic matching. Whenever point is before an opening delimiter
-or after a closing delimiter, both that delimiter and its opposite
-delimiter are highlighted. To toggle Show Paren mode, type @kbd{M-x
-show-paren-mode}.
+or after a closing delimiter, the delimiter, its matching delimiter,
+and optionally the text between them are highlighted. To toggle Show
+Paren mode, type @kbd{M-x show-paren-mode}. To customize it, type
+@kbd{M-x customize-group @key{RET} paren-showing}. The customizable
+options which control the operation of this mode include:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+@code{show-paren-highlight-open-paren} controls whether to highlight
+an open paren when point stands just before it, and hence its position
+is marked by the cursor anyway. The default is non-@code{nil} (yes).
+
+@item
+@code{show-paren-style} controls whether just the two parens, or also
+the space between them get highlighted. The valid options here are
+@code{parenthesis} (show the matching paren), @code{expression}
+(highlight the entire expression enclosed by the parens), and
+@code{mixed} (highlight the matching paren if it is visible, the
+expression otherwise).
+
+@item
+@code{show-paren-when-point-inside-paren}, when non-@code{nil}, causes
+highlighting also when point is on the inside of a parenthesis.
+
+@item
+@code{show-paren-when-point-in-periphery}, when non-@code{nil}, causes
+highlighting also when point is in whitespace at the beginning or end
+of a line, and there is a paren at, respectively, the first or last,
+or the last, non-whitespace position on the line.
+@end itemize
@cindex Electric Pair mode
@cindex inserting matching parentheses
Electric Pair mode, a global minor mode, provides a way to easily
insert matching delimiters. Whenever you insert an opening delimiter,
the matching closing delimiter is automatically inserted as well,
-leaving point between the two. Conversely, when you insert a closing
+leaving point between the two. Conversely, when you insert a closing
delimiter over an existing one, no inserting takes places and that
-position is simply skipped over. These variables control additional
+position is simply skipped over. These variables control additional
features of Electric Pair mode:
@itemize @bullet
the closing delimiter.
@end itemize
-To toggle Electric Pair mode, type @kbd{M-x electric-pair-mode}.
+To toggle Electric Pair mode, type @kbd{M-x electric-pair-mode}. To
+toggle the mode in a single buffer, use @kbd{M-x
+electric-pair-local-mode}.
@node Comments
@section Manipulating Comments
@item @kbd{M-;}
Insert or realign comment on current line; if the region is active,
comment or uncomment the region instead (@code{comment-dwim}).
+@item @kbd{C-x C-;}
+Comment or uncomment the current line (@code{comment-line}).
@item @kbd{C-u M-;}
Kill comment on current line (@code{comment-kill}).
@item @kbd{C-x ;}
When a region is active (@pxref{Mark}), @kbd{M-;} either adds
comment delimiters to the region, or removes them. If every line in
-the region is already a comment, it ``uncomments'' each of those lines
+the region is already a comment, it uncomments each of those lines
by removing their comment delimiters. Otherwise, it adds comment
delimiters to enclose the text in the region.
@kbd{M-;} is still useful for moving directly to the start of the
comment text.
+@findex comment-line
+@kindex C-x C-;
+ @kbd{C-x C-;} (@code{comment-line}) comments or uncomments complete
+lines. When a region is active (@pxref{Mark}), @kbd{C-x C-;} either
+comments or uncomments the lines in the region. If the region is not
+active, this command comments or uncomments the line point is on.
+With a positive prefix argument @var{n}, it operates on @var{n} lines
+starting with the current one; with a negative @var{n}, it affects
+@var{n} preceding lines. After invoking this command with a negative
+argument, successive invocations with a positive argument will operate
+on preceding lines as if the argument were negated.
+
@findex comment-kill
@kindex C-u M-;
@kbd{C-u M-;} (@code{comment-dwim} with a prefix argument) kills any
for a file name.
If you use @kbd{C-h S} in a major mode that does not support it,
-it asks you to specify the ``symbol help mode''. You should enter
+it asks you to specify the symbol help mode. You should enter
a command such as @code{c-mode} that would select a major
mode which @kbd{C-h S} does support.
@cindex Eldoc mode
@findex eldoc-mode
+@findex global-eldoc-mode
Eldoc is a buffer-local minor mode that helps with looking up Lisp
documentation. When it is enabled, the echo area displays some useful
information whenever there is a Lisp function or variable at point;
for a function, it shows the argument list, and for a variable it
shows the first line of the variable's documentation string. To
-toggle Eldoc mode, type @kbd{M-x eldoc-mode}. Eldoc mode can be used
-with the Emacs Lisp and Lisp Interaction major modes.
+toggle Eldoc mode, type @kbd{M-x eldoc-mode}. There's also a Global
+Eldoc mode, which is turned on by default, and affects buffers, such
+as @samp{*scratch*}, whose major mode is Emacs Lisp or Lisp
+Interaction (@w{@kbd{M-x global-eldoc-mode}} to turn it off globally).
@node Hideshow
@section Hideshow minor mode
@kindex C-c @@ C-M-s
@kindex C-c @@ C-r
@kindex C-c @@ C-l
-@kindex S-Mouse-2
+@kindex S-mouse-2
@table @kbd
@item C-c @@ C-h
Hide the current block (@code{hs-hide-block}).
Show the current block (@code{hs-show-block}).
@item C-c @@ C-c
Either hide or show the current block (@code{hs-toggle-hiding}).
-@item S-Mouse-2
+@item S-mouse-2
Toggle hiding for the block you click on (@code{hs-mouse-toggle-hiding}).
@item C-c @@ C-M-h
Hide all top-level blocks (@code{hs-hide-all}).
mode is enabled, it tries to use the Semantic parser data for
completion (@pxref{Semantic}). If Semantic mode is not enabled or
fails at performing completion, it tries to complete using the
-selected tags table (@pxref{Tags}). If in Emacs Lisp mode, it
+selected tags table (@pxref{Tags Tables}). If in Emacs Lisp mode, it
performs completion using the function, variable, or property names
defined in the current Emacs session.
see the Semantic Info manual, which is distributed with Emacs.
@end iftex
- Most of the ``language aware'' features in Emacs, such as Font Lock
-mode (@pxref{Font Lock}), rely on ``rules of thumb''@footnote{Regular
+ Most of the language-aware features in Emacs, such as Font Lock
+mode (@pxref{Font Lock}), rely on rules of thumb@footnote{Regular
expressions and syntax tables.} that usually give good results but are
never completely exact. In contrast, the parsers used by Semantic
have an exact understanding of programming language syntax. This
with the Foldout package (@pxref{Foldout}).
@ifinfo
- The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful for writing programs.
+ The automatic typing features may be useful for writing programs.
@xref{Top,,Autotyping, autotype, Autotyping}.
@end ifinfo
@findex prettify-symbols-mode
Prettify Symbols mode is a buffer-local minor mode that replaces
-certain strings with more ``attractive'' versions for display
-purposes. For example, in Emacs Lisp mode, it replaces the string
-``lambda'' with the Greek lambda character. You may wish to use this
-in non-programming modes as well. You can customize the mode by
-adding more entries to @code{prettify-symbols-alist}. There is also a
-global version, @code{global-prettify-symbols-mode}, which enables the
-mode in all buffers that support it.
+certain strings with more attractive versions for display purposes.
+For example, in Emacs Lisp mode, it replaces the string @samp{lambda}
+with the Greek lambda character @samp{λ}. In a @TeX{} buffer, it will
+replace @samp{\alpha} @dots{} @samp{\omega} and other math macros with
+their Unicode characters. You may wish to use this in non-programming
+modes as well. You can customize the mode by adding more entries to
+@code{prettify-symbols-alist}. More elaborate customization is
+available via customizing @code{prettify-symbols-compose-predicate} if
+its default value @code{prettify-symbols-default-compose-p} is not
+appropriate. There is also a global version,
+@code{global-prettify-symbols-mode}, which enables the mode in all
+buffers that support it.
+
+ The symbol at point can be shown in its original form. This is
+controlled by the variable @code{prettify-symbols-unprettify-at-point}:
+if non-@code{nil}, the original form of symbol at point will be
+restored for as long as point is at it.
@node C Modes
In C mode and related modes, certain printing characters are
@dfn{electric}---in addition to inserting themselves, they also
reindent the current line, and optionally also insert newlines. The
-``electric'' characters are @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}}, @kbd{:}, @kbd{#},
+electric characters are @kbd{@{}, @kbd{@}}, @kbd{:}, @kbd{#},
@kbd{;}, @kbd{,}, @kbd{<}, @kbd{>}, @kbd{/}, @kbd{*}, @kbd{(}, and
@kbd{)}.
Hide-ifdef minor mode hides selected code within @samp{#if} and
@samp{#ifdef} preprocessor blocks. If you change the variable
@code{hide-ifdef-shadow} to @code{t}, Hide-ifdef minor mode
-``shadows'' preprocessor blocks by displaying them with a less
+shadows preprocessor blocks by displaying them with a less
prominent face, instead of hiding them entirely. See the
documentation string of @code{hide-ifdef-mode} for more information.
@cindex related files
@findex ff-find-related-file
@vindex ff-related-file-alist
-Find a file ``related'' in a special way to the file visited by the
+Find a file related in a special way to the file visited by the
current buffer. Typically this will be the header file corresponding
to a C/C++ source file, or vice versa. The variable
@code{ff-related-file-alist} specifies how to compute related file