@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001,2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
+@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Windows, Frames, Buffers, Top
@chapter Multiple Windows
Each Emacs window displays one Emacs buffer at any time. A single
buffer may appear in more than one window; if it does, any changes in
-its text are displayed in all the windows where it appears. But the
-windows showing the same buffer can show different parts of it, because
-each window has its own value of point.
+its text are displayed in all the windows where it appears. But these
+windows can show different parts of the buffer, because each window
+has its own value of point.
@cindex selected window
- At any time, one of the windows is the @dfn{selected window}; the
+ At any time, one Emacs window is the @dfn{selected window}; the
buffer this window is displaying is the current buffer. The terminal's
cursor shows the location of point in this window. Each other window
has a location of point as well. On text-only terminals, there is no
way to show where those locations are, since the terminal has only one
-cursor. If you are using a window system, the location of point in a
-non-selected window is indicated by a hollow box. The cursor in the
+cursor. On a graphical display, the location of point in a
+non-selected window is indicated by a hollow box; the cursor in the
selected window is blinking or solid.
Commands to move point affect the value of point for the selected Emacs
-window only. They do not change the value of point in any other Emacs
-window, even one showing the same buffer. The same is true for commands
-such as @kbd{C-x b} to change the current buffer in the selected window;
+window only. They do not change the value of point in other Emacs
+windows, even those showing the same buffer. The same is true for commands
+such as @kbd{C-x b} to switch buffers in the selected window;
they do not affect other windows at all. However, there are other commands
such as @kbd{C-x 4 b} that select a different window and switch buffers in
it. Also, all commands that display information in a window, including
displayed in the window. The selected window's mode line appears in a
different color. @xref{Mode Line}, for full details on the mode line.
-@iftex
-@break
-@end iftex
-
@node Split Window
@section Splitting Windows
@kbd{C-x 3} (@code{split-window-horizontally}) breaks the selected
window into two side-by-side windows. A numeric argument specifies how
many columns to give the one on the left. If you are not using
-scrollbars, a line of vertical bars separates the two windows.
+scrollbars, a vertical line separates the two windows.
+You can customize its color with the face @code{vertical-border}.
Windows that are not the full width of the screen have mode lines, but
they are truncated. On terminals where Emacs does not support
highlighting, truncated mode lines sometimes do not appear in inverse
your click.
@vindex truncate-partial-width-windows
- When a window is less than the full width, text lines too long to fit are
-frequent. Continuing all those lines might be confusing. The variable
-@code{truncate-partial-width-windows} can be set non-@code{nil} to force
-truncation in all windows less than the full width of the screen,
-independent of the buffer being displayed and its value for
-@code{truncate-lines}. @xref{Continuation Lines}.@refill
+ When a window is less than the full width, text lines too long to
+fit are frequent. Continuing all those lines might be confusing, so
+if the variable @code{truncate-partial-width-windows} is
+non-@code{nil}, that forces truncation in all windows less than the
+full width of the screen, independent of the buffer being displayed
+and its value for @code{truncate-lines}. @xref{Line Truncation}.
Horizontal scrolling is often used in side-by-side windows.
-@xref{Display}.
+@xref{Horizontal Scrolling}.
@vindex split-window-keep-point
If @code{split-window-keep-point} is non-@code{nil}, the default,
avoid scrolling the text currently visible on the screen, by putting
point in each window at a position already visible in the window. It
also selects whichever window contains the screen line that the cursor
-was previously on. Some users prefer the latter mode on slow
-terminals.
+was previously on. Some users prefer that mode on slow terminals.
@node Other Window
@section Using Other Windows
Certain Emacs commands switch to a specific buffer with special
contents. For example, @kbd{M-x shell} switches to a buffer named
-@samp{*Shell*}. By convention, all these commands are written to pop up
+@samp{*shell*}. By convention, all these commands are written to pop up
the buffer in a separate window. But you can specify that certain of
these buffers should appear in the selected window.
(@code{shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer}).
@item C-x +
Make all windows the same height (@code{balance-windows}).
-@item Drag-Mouse-1
-Dragging a window's mode line up or down with @kbd{Mouse-1} changes
-window heights.
-@item Mouse-2
-@kbd{Mouse-2} in a window's mode line deletes all other windows in the frame
-(@code{mouse-delete-other-windows}).
-@item Mouse-3
-@kbd{Mouse-3} in a window's mode line deletes that window
-(@code{mouse-delete-window}), unless the frame has only one window, in
-which case it buries the current buffer instead and switches to another
-buffer.
@end table
@kindex C-x 0
the minibuffer); the selected window expands to use the whole frame
except for the echo area.
- You can also delete a window by clicking on its mode line with
-@kbd{Mouse-3}, and delete all the windows in a frame except one window
-by clicking on that window's mode line with @kbd{Mouse-2}.
-
- You can also adjust window heights and widths with the mouse. If
-you press @kbd{Mouse-1} on a mode line, you can drag that mode line up
-or down, changing the heights of the windows above and below it. If
-you press it on the divider between two consecutive mode lines, you
-can drag that divider right or left, changing the widths of the
-windows to either side. Note that changing heights and widths with
-the mouse never deletes windows, it just refuses to make any window
-smaller than it can be.
-
@kindex C-x ^
@findex enlarge-window
@kindex C-x @}
@vindex window-min-width
To readjust the division of space among vertically adjacent windows,
use @kbd{C-x ^} (@code{enlarge-window}). It makes the currently
-selected window get one line bigger, or as many lines as is specified
+selected window one line bigger, or as many lines as is specified
with a numeric argument. With a negative argument, it makes the
selected window smaller. @kbd{C-x @}}
(@code{enlarge-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window wider by
(@code{shrink-window-horizontally}) makes the selected window narrower
by the specified number of columns.
- When you make a window bigger, the space comes from one of its
-neighbors. If this makes any window too small, it is deleted and its
-space is given to an adjacent window. The minimum size is specified by
-the variables @code{window-min-height} and @code{window-min-width}.
+ When you make a window bigger, the space comes from its peers. If
+this makes any window too small, it is deleted and its space is given
+to an adjacent window. The minimum size is specified by the variables
+@code{window-min-height} and @code{window-min-width}.
@kindex C-x -
@findex shrink-window-if-larger-than-buffer
You can also use @kbd{C-x +} (@code{balance-windows}) to even out the
heights of all the windows in the selected frame.
+ Mouse clicks on the mode line provide another way to change window
+heights and to delete windows. @xref{Mode Line Mouse}.
+
@node Window Convenience
@section Window Handling Convenience Features and Customization