@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
-@c 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1997, 1999-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node International, Major Modes, Frames, Top
@chapter International Character Set Support
character: @`A (192, #o300, #xc0)
preferred charset: unicode (Unicode (ISO10646))
code point: 0xC0
- syntax: w which means: word
+ syntax: w which means: word
category: j:Japanese l:Latin v:Vietnamese
buffer code: #xC3 #x80
file code: not encodable by coding system undecided-unix
display: by this font (glyph code)
- xft:-unknown-DejaVu Sans Mono-normal-normal-normal-*-13-*-*-*-m-0-iso10646-1 (#x82)
+ xft:-unknown-DejaVu Sans Mono-normal-normal-
+ normal-*-13-*-*-*-m-0-iso10646-1 (#x82)
Character code properties: customize what to show
name: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
general-category: Lu (Letter, Uppercase)
- decomposition: (65 768) ('A' '̀')
+ decomposition: (65 768) ('A' '`')
old-name: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A GRAVE
There are text properties here:
@findex set-language-environment
@vindex current-language-environment
- To select a language environment, customize the variable
+ To select a language environment, customize
@code{current-language-environment} or use the command @kbd{M-x
set-language-environment}. It makes no difference which buffer is
current when you use this command, because the effects apply globally
@cindex Intlfonts package, installation
To display the script(s) used by your language environment on a
graphical display, you need to have a suitable font. If some of the
-characters appear as empty boxes, you should install the GNU Intlfonts
-package, which includes fonts for most supported scripts.@footnote{If
-you run Emacs on X, you need to inform the X server about the location
-of the newly installed fonts with the following commands:
+characters appear as empty boxes or hex codes, you should install the
+GNU Intlfonts package, which includes fonts for most supported
+scripts.@footnote{If you run Emacs on X, you need to inform the X
+server about the location of the newly installed fonts with the
+following commands:
@example
xset fp+ /usr/local/share/emacs/fonts
possible characters to type next is displayed in the echo area (but
not when you are in the minibuffer).
+ Another facility for typing characters not on your keyboard is by
+using the @kbd{C-x 8 @key{RET}} (@code{ucs-insert}) to insert a single
+character based on its Unicode name or code-point; see @ref{Inserting
+Text}.
+
@node Select Input Method
@section Selecting an Input Method
character.
@findex list-input-methods
- To see a list of all the supported input methods, type @kbd{M-x
-list-input-methods}. The list gives information about each input
-method, including the string that stands for it in the mode line.
+ @kbd{M-x list-input-methods} displays a list of all the supported
+input methods. The list gives information about each input method,
+including the string that stands for it in the mode line.
@node Coding Systems
@section Coding Systems
the end-of-line conversion, and leave the character code conversion to
be deduced from the text itself.
+@cindex @code{raw-text}, coding system
The coding system @code{raw-text} is good for a file which is mainly
@acronym{ASCII} text, but may contain byte values above 127 which are
not meant to encode non-@acronym{ASCII} characters. With
encountered, and has the usual three variants to specify the kind of
end-of-line conversion to use.
+@cindex @code{no-conversion}, coding system
In contrast, the coding system @code{no-conversion} specifies no
character code conversion at all---none for non-@acronym{ASCII} byte values and
none for end of line. This is useful for reading or writing binary
@code{no-conversion}, and also suppresses other Emacs features that
might convert the file contents before you see them. @xref{Visiting}.
+@cindex @code{emacs-internal}, coding system
The coding system @code{emacs-internal} (or @code{utf-8-emacs},
which is equivalent) means that the file contains non-@acronym{ASCII}
characters stored with the internal Emacs encoding. This coding
@section Specifying a File's Coding System
If Emacs recognizes the encoding of a file incorrectly, you can
-reread the file using the correct coding system by typing @kbd{C-x
-@key{RET} r @var{coding-system} @key{RET}}. To see what coding system
-Emacs actually used to decode the file, look at the coding system
-mnemonic letter near the left edge of the mode line (@pxref{Mode
-Line}), or type @kbd{C-h C @key{RET}}.
+reread the file using the correct coding system with @kbd{C-x
+@key{RET} r} (@code{revert-buffer-with-coding-system}). This command
+prompts for the coding system to use. To see what coding system Emacs
+actually used to decode the file, look at the coding system mnemonic
+letter near the left edge of the mode line (@pxref{Mode Line}), or
+type @kbd{C-h C} (@code{describe-coding-system}).
@vindex coding
You can specify the coding system for a particular file in the file
to the question.)
@vindex sendmail-coding-system
- When you send a message with Mail mode (@pxref{Sending Mail}), Emacs has
-four different ways to determine the coding system to use for encoding
-the message text. It tries the buffer's own value of
-@code{buffer-file-coding-system}, if that is non-@code{nil}. Otherwise,
-it uses the value of @code{sendmail-coding-system}, if that is
-non-@code{nil}. The third way is to use the default coding system for
-new files, which is controlled by your choice of language environment,
-if that is non-@code{nil}. If all of these three values are @code{nil},
-Emacs encodes outgoing mail using the Latin-1 coding system.
+ When you send a message with Message mode (@pxref{Sending Mail}),
+Emacs has four different ways to determine the coding system to use
+for encoding the message text. It tries the buffer's own value of
+@code{buffer-file-coding-system}, if that is non-@code{nil}.
+Otherwise, it uses the value of @code{sendmail-coding-system}, if that
+is non-@code{nil}. The third way is to use the default coding system
+for new files, which is controlled by your choice of language
+environment, if that is non-@code{nil}. If all of these three values
+are @code{nil}, Emacs encodes outgoing mail using the Latin-1 coding
+system.
@node Text Coding
@section Specifying a Coding System for File Text
@table @kbd
@item C-x @key{RET} f @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Use coding system @var{coding} for saving or revisiting the visited
-file in the current buffer.
+Use coding system @var{coding} to save or revisit the visited file in
+the current buffer (@code{set-buffer-file-coding-system})
@item C-x @key{RET} c @var{coding} @key{RET}
Specify coding system @var{coding} for the immediately following
-command.
+command (@code{universal-coding-system-argument}).
@item C-x @key{RET} r @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Revisit the current file using the coding system @var{coding}.
+Revisit the current file using the coding system @var{coding}
+(@code{revert-buffer-with-coding-system}).
@item M-x recode-region @key{RET} @var{right} @key{RET} @var{wrong} @key{RET}
Convert a region that was decoded using coding system @var{wrong},
@table @kbd
@item C-x @key{RET} x @var{coding} @key{RET}
Use coding system @var{coding} for transferring selections to and from
-other window-based applications.
+other window-based applications (@code{set-selection-coding-system}).
@item C-x @key{RET} X @var{coding} @key{RET}
Use coding system @var{coding} for transferring @emph{one}
-selection---the next one---to or from another window-based application.
+selection---the next one---to or from another window-based application
+(@code{set-next-selection-coding-system}).
@item C-x @key{RET} p @var{input-coding} @key{RET} @var{output-coding} @key{RET}
Use coding systems @var{input-coding} and @var{output-coding} for
-subprocess input and output in the current buffer.
-
-@item C-x @key{RET} c @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Specify coding system @var{coding} for the immediately following
-command.
+subprocess input and output in the current buffer
+(@code{set-buffer-process-coding-system}).
@end table
@kindex C-x RET x
and from a particular subprocess by giving the command in the
corresponding buffer.
- You can also use @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} just before the command that
-runs or starts a subprocess, to specify the coding system to use for
-communication with that subprocess.
+ You can also use @kbd{C-x @key{RET} c}
+(@code{universal-coding-system-argument}) just before the command that
+runs or starts a subprocess, to specify the coding system for
+communicating with that subprocess. @xref{Text Coding}.
The default for translation of process input and output depends on the
current language environment.
specified above, whose value is nonempty is the one that determines
the text representation.)
-@vindex x-select-request-type
- The variable @code{x-select-request-type} specifies a selection data
-type of selection to request from the X server. The default value is
-@code{nil}, which means Emacs tries @code{COMPOUND_TEXT} and
-@code{UTF8_STRING}, and uses whichever result seems more appropriate.
-You can explicitly specify the data type by setting the variable to
-one of the symbols @code{COMPOUND_TEXT}, @code{UTF8_STRING},
-@code{STRING} and @code{TEXT}.
-
@node File Name Coding
@section Coding Systems for File Names
@table @kbd
@item C-x @key{RET} F @var{coding} @key{RET}
Use coding system @var{coding} for encoding and decoding file
-@emph{names}.
+@emph{names} (@code{set-file-name-coding-system}).
@end table
@vindex file-name-coding-system
@table @kbd
@item C-x @key{RET} k @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Use coding system @var{coding} for keyboard input.
+Use coding system @var{coding} for keyboard input
+(@code{set-keyboard-coding-system}).
@item C-x @key{RET} t @var{coding} @key{RET}
-Use coding system @var{coding} for terminal output.
+Use coding system @var{coding} for terminal output
+(@code{set-terminal-coding-system}).
@end table
@kindex C-x RET t
explicitly requested, despite its name.
A fontset does not necessarily specify a font for every character
-code. If a fontset specifies no font for a certain character, or if it
-specifies a font that does not exist on your system, then it cannot
-display that character properly. It will display that character as an
-empty box instead.
+code. If a fontset specifies no font for a certain character, or if
+it specifies a font that does not exist on your system, then it cannot
+display that character properly. It will display that character as a
+hex code or thin space or an empty box instead. (@xref{Text Display, ,
+glyphless characters}, for details.)
@node Defining Fontsets
@section Defining fontsets
@example
;; Use Liberation Mono for latin-3 charset.
-(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" 'iso-8859-3 "Liberation Mono")
+(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" 'iso-8859-3
+ "Liberation Mono")
;; Prefer a big5 font for han characters
-(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" 'han (font-spec :registry "big5")
+(set-fontset-font "fontset-default"
+ 'han (font-spec :registry "big5")
nil 'prepend)
-;; Use DejaVu Sans Mono as a fallback in fontset-startup before
-;; resorting to fontset-default.
-(set-fontset-font "fontset-startup" nil "DejaVu Sans Mono" nil 'append)
+;; Use DejaVu Sans Mono as a fallback in fontset-startup
+;; before resorting to fontset-default.
+(set-fontset-font "fontset-startup" nil "DejaVu Sans Mono"
+ nil 'append)
;; Use MyPrivateFont for the Unicode private use area.
-(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" '(#xe000 . #xf8ff) "MyPrivateFont")
+(set-fontset-font "fontset-default" '(#xe000 . #xf8ff)
+ "MyPrivateFont")
@end example
internal representation within Emacs.
@findex list-character-sets
- To display a list of all supported charsets, type @kbd{M-x
-list-character-sets}. The list gives the names of charsets and
-additional information to identity each charset (see
+ @kbd{M-x list-character-sets} displays a list of all supported
+charsets. The list gives the names of charsets and additional
+information to identity each charset (see
@url{http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ISO-IR/} for details). In this list,
charsets are divided into two categories: @dfn{normal charsets} are
listed first, followed by @dfn{supplementary charsets}. A
may look discontinuous if the region spans reordered text. This is
normal and similar to behavior of other programs that support
bidirectional text.
-
-@ignore
- arch-tag: 310ba60d-31ef-4ce7-91f1-f282dd57b6b3
-@end ignore