@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002,
-@c 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2001-2011
+@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Mark, Killing, Help, Top
@chapter The Mark and the Region
current buffer. To specify the text for such a command to operate on,
you set @dfn{the mark} at one end of it, and move point to the other
end. The text between point and the mark is called @dfn{the region}.
-
- The region always extends between point and the mark, no matter
-which one comes earlier in the text---the region starts from point or
-the mark (whichever comes first), and ends at point or the mark
-(whichever comes last). Every time you move point, the region
-changes. When a region is active, Emacs highlights it using the
-@code{region} face. You can customize the appearance of the
-highlighting by changing this face (@pxref{Face Customization}).
-
- The region persists only until you use it. The mark is
-automatically @dfn{deactivated} after certain non-motion commands,
-including any command that changes the text in the buffer. You can
-also explicitly deactivate the mark at any time, by typing @kbd{C-g}
-(@pxref{Quitting}).
+The region always extends between point and the mark, no matter which
+one comes earlier in the text; each time you move point, the region
+changes.
+
+ Setting the mark at a position in the text also @dfn{activates} it.
+When the mark is active, Emacs indicates the extent of the region by
+highlighting the text within it, using the @code{region} face
+(@pxref{Face Customization}). After certain non-motion commands,
+including any command that changes the text in the buffer, Emacs
+automatically @dfn{deactivates} the mark; this turns off the
+highlighting. You can also explicitly deactivate the mark at any
+time, by typing @kbd{C-g} (@pxref{Quitting}).
+
+ This default behavior of the mark is known as Transient Mark mode.
+Disabling Transient Mark mode switches Emacs to an alternative
+behavior, in which the mark is always active, which was the default
+prior to Emacs 23. @xref{Persistent Mark}.
@vindex highlight-nonselected-windows
- Each Emacs buffer has its own mark, and setting the mark in one
-buffer has no effect on other buffers' marks. When you return to a
-buffer with an active mark, the mark is at the same place as before.
-When multiple windows show the same buffer, they can have different
-values of point, and thus different regions (though they all share one
-common mark position). @xref{Windows}. Ordinarily, only the selected
-window highlights its region, if a region exists; however, if the
-variable @code{highlight-nonselected-windows} is non-@code{nil}, each
-window highlights its own region.
-
- If Delete Selection mode is enabled, some commands delete the region
-when used while the mark is active. @xref{Mouse Commands}.
+ Setting the mark in one buffer has no effect on the marks in other
+buffers. When you return to a buffer with an active mark, the mark is
+at the same place as before. When multiple windows show the same
+buffer, they can have different values of point, and thus different
+regions, but they all share one common mark position. @xref{Windows}.
+Ordinarily, only the selected window highlights its region; however,
+if the variable @code{highlight-nonselected-windows} is
+non-@code{nil}, each window highlights its own region.
@menu
-* Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
-* Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
-* Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
-* Persistent Mark:: Keeping the mark active all the time.
-* Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
+* Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
+* Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
+* Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
+* Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
* Global Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions in various buffers.
+* Shift Selection:: Using shifted cursor motion keys.
+* Persistent Mark:: Keeping the mark active all the time.
@end menu
@node Setting Mark
@table @kbd
@item C-@key{SPC}
-Set the mark where point is (@code{set-mark-command}).
+Set the mark at point, and activate it (@code{set-mark-command}).
@item C-@@
The same.
@item C-x C-x
-Set the mark where point was, and move point where the mark was
+Set the mark at point, and move point where the mark was
(@code{exchange-point-and-mark}).
@item Drag-Mouse-1
Set point and the mark around the text you drag across.
@item Mouse-3
-Set the mark where point is, then move point to where you click
+Set the mark at point, then move point to where you click
(@code{mouse-save-then-kill}).
+@item @samp{Shifted motion keys}
+Set the mark at point if the mark is inactive, then move point.
@end table
@kindex C-SPC
+@kindex C-@@
@findex set-mark-command
The most common way to set the mark is with @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
-(@code{set-mark-command}). This sets the mark where point is. You
-can then move point away, leaving the mark behind.
+(@code{set-mark-command})@footnote{There is no @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
+character in @acronym{ASCII}; usually, typing @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} on a
+text terminal gives the character @kbd{C-@@}. This key is also bound
+to @code{set-mark-command}, so unless you are unlucky enough to have
+a text terminal that behaves differently, you might as well think of
+@kbd{C-@@} as @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}.}. This sets the mark where point is,
+and activates it. You can then move point away, leaving the mark
+behind.
For example, suppose you wish to convert part of the buffer to upper
-case. To accomplish this, first go to the beginning of the text to be
-capitalized, type @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}, and move point until the desired
-portion of text is highlighted. You can now type @kbd{C-x C-u}
-(@code{upcase-region}), which converts the text in the region to upper
-case. This also automatically deactivates the mark. (Alternatively,
-you could set the mark at the end, move to the beginning, and do
-@kbd{C-x C-u}.)
+case. To accomplish this, go to the beginning of the desired text,
+type @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}, and move point until the desired portion of
+text is highlighted. Now type @kbd{C-x C-u} (@code{upcase-region}).
+This converts the text in the region to upper case, and then
+deactivates the mark.
@kindex C-x C-x
@findex exchange-point-and-mark
- The command @kbd{C-x C-x} (@code{exchange-point-and-mark}) puts the
-mark where point was and moves point where the mark was, keeping the
-region unchanged. If no mark is active, Emacs reactivates the mark at
-the position where it was last set. @kbd{C-x C-x} is useful when you
-are satisfied with the position of point but want to move the other
-end of the region (where the mark is); do @kbd{C-x C-x} to put point
-at that end of the region, and then move it. Using @kbd{C-x C-x} a
-second time, if necessary, puts the mark at the new position with
-point back at its original position.
-
- You can also set the mark with the mouse. In fact, there are two
-ways to do this. You can press the left mouse button
-(@kbd{down-mouse-1}) and drag the mouse across a range of text while
-holding down the button; this sets the mark where you first pressed
-the mouse button, and point where you release it. Alternatively, you
-can click the right mouse button (@kbd{mouse-3}), which sets the mark
-at point and then moves point to where you clicked.
-
- Using the mouse to mark a region also copies the region into the
-kill ring (@pxref{Kill Ring}). If you don't want to modify the kill
-ring, you must use keyboard commands to set the mark. @xref{Mouse
-Commands}.
-
-@kindex C-@@
- There is no such character as @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} in @acronym{ASCII};
-when you type @key{SPC} while holding down @key{CTRL} on a text
-terminal, what you get is the character @kbd{C-@@}. This key is also
-bound to @code{set-mark-command}---so unless you are unlucky enough to
-have a text terminal where typing @kbd{C-@key{SPC}} does not produce
-@kbd{C-@@}, you might as well think of this character as
-@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}.
+ The command @kbd{C-x C-x} (@code{exchange-point-and-mark}) exchanges
+the positions of point and the mark, keeping the region unchanged. If
+the mark is inactive, Emacs first reactivates the mark wherever it was
+last set. @kbd{C-x C-x} is useful when you are satisfied with the
+position of point but want to move the other end of the region (where
+the mark is). Using @kbd{C-x C-x} a second time, if necessary, puts
+the mark at the new position with point back at its original position.
+
+ You can also set the mark with the mouse. If you press the left
+mouse button (@kbd{down-mouse-1}) and drag the mouse across a range of
+text while holding down this button, this sets the mark where you
+first pressed the mouse button and puts point where you release it.
+Alternatively, clicking the right mouse button (@kbd{mouse-3}) sets
+the mark at point and then moves point to where you clicked. Using
+the mouse to mark a region also copies the region into the kill ring
+(@pxref{Kill Ring}). @xref{Mouse Commands}, for a more detailed
+description of these mouse commands.
+
+@cindex shift-selection
+ Finally, you can set the mark by holding down the shift key while
+typing certain cursor motion commands (such as @kbd{S-@key{right}},
+@kbd{S-C-f}, @kbd{S-C-n}, etc.) This is referred to as
+@dfn{shift-selection}. This sets the mark at point before moving
+point, but only if there is no active mark set via shift-selection.
+The mark set by mouse commands and by shift-selection behaves slightly
+differently from the usual mark: any subsequent unshifted cursor
+motion command deactivates it automatically. For details, @xref{Shift
+Selection}.
Whenever the mark is active, you can deactivate it by typing
@kbd{C-g} (@pxref{Quitting}). The mark is also automatically
@table @kbd
@item M-@@
-Set mark after end of next word (@code{mark-word}). This command and
-the following one do not move point.
+Set mark after end of next word (@code{mark-word}). This does not
+move point.
@item C-M-@@
-Set mark after end of following balanced expression (@code{mark-sexp}).
+Set mark after end of following balanced expression
+(@code{mark-sexp}). This does not move point.
@item M-h
Move point to the beginning of the current paragraph, and set mark at
the end (@code{mark-paragraph}).
@item C-M-h
Move point to the beginning of the current defun, and set mark at the
end (@code{mark-defun}).
-@item C-x h
-Move point to the beginning of the buffer, and set mark at the end
-(@code{mark-whole-buffer}).
@item C-x C-p
Move point to the beginning of the current page, and set mark at the
end (@code{mark-page}).
+@item C-x h
+Move point to the beginning of the buffer, and set mark at the end
+(@code{mark-whole-buffer}).
@end table
+@findex mark-word
+@findex mark-sexp
@kbd{M-@@} (@code{mark-word}) puts the mark at the end of the next
word, while @kbd{C-M-@@} (@code{mark-sexp}) puts it at the end of the
next balanced expression (@pxref{Expressions}). These commands handle
@kindex C-x h
@findex mark-whole-buffer
- Other commands set both point and mark, to delimit an object in the
-buffer. For example, @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph}) moves point to
-the beginning of the paragraph that surrounds or follows point, and
-puts the mark at the end of that paragraph (@pxref{Paragraphs}). It
-prepares the region so you can indent, case-convert, or kill a whole
-paragraph. With a prefix argument, if the argument's value is positive,
-@kbd{M-h} marks that many paragraphs starting with the one surrounding
-point. If the prefix argument is @minus{}@var{n}, @kbd{M-h} also
-marks @var{n} paragraphs, running back form the one surrounding point.
-In that last case, point moves forward to the end of that paragraph,
-and the mark goes at the start of the region.
-
- @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{mark-defun}) similarly puts point before, and the
-mark after, the current (or following) major top-level definition, or
-defun (@pxref{Moving by Defuns}). Repeating @kbd{C-M-h} extends
-the region to subsequent defuns.
-
- @kbd{C-x C-p} (@code{mark-page}) puts point before the current page,
-and mark at the end (@pxref{Pages}). The mark goes after the
-terminating page delimiter (to include it in the region), while point
-goes after the preceding page delimiter (to exclude it). A numeric
-argument specifies a later page (if positive) or an earlier page (if
-negative) instead of the current page.
-
- While the mark is active, repeating the above commands extends the
-region accordingly. For example, you can type either @kbd{C-u 2 M-@@}
-or @kbd{M-@@ M-@@} to mark the next two words. Similarly, repeating
-the @kbd{M-h} command extends the region to subsequent paragraphs.
+ The other commands in the above list set both point and mark, so as
+to delimit an object in the buffer. @kbd{M-h} (@code{mark-paragraph})
+moves point to the beginning of the paragraph that surrounds or
+follows point, and sets the mark at the end of that paragraph
+(@pxref{Paragraphs}). As a special exception, repeated invocations of
+@kbd{M-h} extend the region to subsequent paragraphs. This is
+convenient for indenting, case-converting, or killing entire
+paragraphs.
+
+ The @kbd{M-h} command accepts prefix arguments. If the argument's
+value is positive, @kbd{M-h} marks that many paragraphs starting with
+the one surrounding point; therefore, @kbd{C-u M-h} is equivalent to
+@kbd{M-h M-h M-h M-h}. If the prefix argument is @minus{}@var{n},
+@kbd{M-h} marks @var{n} paragraphs running back from the one
+surrounding point; in this case, point moves forward to the end of
+that paragraph, and the mark goes at the start of the region.
+
+ Similarly, @kbd{C-M-h} (@code{mark-defun}) sets mark and point
+around major top-level definitions (@pxref{Moving by Defuns}), and
+@kbd{C-x C-p} (@code{mark-page}) does the same for pages
+(@pxref{Pages}). These treat repeated invocations and prefix
+arguments similarly to @code{mark-paragraph}.
Finally, @kbd{C-x h} (@code{mark-whole-buffer}) sets up the entire
-buffer as the region, by putting point at the beginning and the mark at
-the end. (In some programs this is called ``select all.'')
+buffer as the region, by putting point at the beginning and the mark
+at the end. (In some programs this is called ``select all.'')
@node Using Region
@section Operating on the Region
Most commands that operate on the text in the region have the word
@code{region} in their names.
-@node Persistent Mark
-@section Persistent Marks
-@cindex mode, Transient Mark
-@cindex Transient Mark mode
-@cindex highlighting region
-@cindex region highlighting
-@cindex Zmacs mode
-
- By default, the region is highlighted whenever it exists, and it
-disappears once you use it or explicitly deactivate the mark. This
-behavior is called Transient Mark mode@footnote{It is also sometimes
-called @dfn{Zmacs mode}, because the Zmacs editor on the MIT Lisp
-Machine handled the mark in a similar way.}.
-
-@findex transient-mark-mode
- Turning off Transient Mark mode switches Emacs to an alternative
-mode of operation, which was the default prior to Emacs 23. When
-Transient Mark mode is off, the mark is persistent: it is @emph{never}
-deactivated, but can be set to different locations using commands such
-as @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}. After the first time you set the mark in a
-buffer, there is always a region in that buffer. Emacs will not
-highlight the region, because that would be a nuisance. As an
-exception, the region is temporarily highlighted after it is set with
-the mouse.
-
- To turn off Transient Mark mode, type @kbd{M-x transient-mark-mode}.
-This command toggles the mode; you can use the same command to turn
-Transient Mark mode on again. You can also toggle Transient Mark mode
-using the menu bar: in the @samp{Options} menu, use the @samp{Active
-Region Highlighting} menu item.
-
- Here are the details of how Emacs behaves when Transient Mark mode
-is off:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Emacs does not show where the mark is located---you have to remember.
-The usual solution to this problem is to set the mark and then use it
-soon, before you forget where it is. Alternatively, you can check the
-location of the mark by using @kbd{C-x C-x}, which exchanges the
-positions of the point and the mark (@pxref{Setting Mark}).
-
-@item
-Many commands that insert text, such as @kbd{C-y} (@code{yank}),
-position point and the mark at opposite ends of the inserted text, so
-that the region consists of the text just inserted. You can tell when
-a command sets the mark because it displays @samp{Mark set} in the
-echo area.
-
-@item
-Many commands that move point long distances, like @kbd{M-<} and
-@kbd{C-s}, first set the mark where point was.
-
-@item
-Some commands that ordinarily operate on the region, if one exists,
-act instead on the entire buffer. For instance, @kbd{C-x u} normally
-reverses changes within the region if one exists; when Transient Mark
-mode is off, it acts on the entire buffer. However, you can type
-@kbd{C-u C-x u} to make it operate on the region. @xref{Undo}. Other
-commands that act this way are identified in their own documentation.
-@end itemize
-
- While Transient Mark mode is off, you can activate it temporarily
-using @kbd{C-@key{SPC} C-@key{SPC}} or @kbd{C-u C-x C-x}.
-
-@table @kbd
-@item C-@key{SPC} C-@key{SPC}
-@kindex C-@key{SPC} C-@key{SPC}
-Set the mark at point (like plain @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) and enable
-Transient Mark mode just once, until the mark is deactivated. (This
-is not really a separate command; you are using the @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
-command twice.)
-
-@item C-u C-x C-x
-@kindex C-u C-x C-x
-Activate the mark without changing it; enable Transient Mark mode just
-once, until the mark is deactivated. (This is the @kbd{C-x C-x}
-command, @code{exchange-point-and-mark}, with a prefix argument.)
-@end table
-
- These commands set or activate the mark, and enable Transient Mark
-mode only until the mark is deactivated. One reason you may want to
-use them is that some commands operate on the entire buffer instead of
-the region when Transient Mark mode is off. Enabling Transient Mark
-mode momentarily gives you a way to use these commands on the region.
+ Some commands have a default behavior when the mark is inactive, but
+operate on the text in the region if the mark is active. For example,
+@kbd{M-$} (@code{ispell-word}) normally checks the spelling of the
+word at point, but it checks the text in the region if the region is
+active (@pxref{Spelling}). Normally, such commands use their default
+behavior if the region is empty (i.e., if mark and point are at the
+same position). If you want them to operate on the empty region,
+change the variable @code{use-empty-active-region} to @code{t}.
+
+@cindex Delete Selection mode
+@cindex mode, Delete Selection
+@findex delete-selection-mode
+ If you enable Delete Selection mode, a minor mode, then inserting
+text while the mark is active causes the selected text to be deleted
+first. This also deactivates the mark. Many graphical applications
+follow this convention, but Emacs does not. To toggle Delete
+Selection mode on or off, type @kbd{M-x delete-selection-mode}.
+Another effect of this mode is that some keys, such as @key{DEL} and
+@kbd{C-d}, always kill the region if one exists.
@node Mark Ring
@section The Mark Ring
@kindex C-SPC C-SPC
The command C-@key{SPC} C-@key{SPC} is handy when you want to use
-the mark to remember a position to which you may want to return. It
+the mark to remember a position to which you may wish to return. It
pushes the current point onto the mark ring, without activating the
mark (which would cause Emacs to highlight the region). This is
actually two consecutive invocations of @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
@cindex global mark ring
In addition to the ordinary mark ring that belongs to each buffer,
-Emacs has a single @dfn{global mark ring}. It records a sequence of
-buffers in which you have recently set the mark, so you can go back
-to those buffers.
-
- Setting the mark always makes an entry on the current buffer's mark
-ring. If you have switched buffers since the previous mark setting, the
-new mark position makes an entry on the global mark ring also. The
-result is that the global mark ring records a sequence of buffers that
-you have been in, and, for each buffer, a place where you set the mark.
+Emacs has a single @dfn{global mark ring}. Each time you set a mark,
+in any buffer, this is recorded in the global mark ring in addition to
+the current buffer's own mark ring.
@kindex C-x C-@key{SPC}
@findex pop-global-mark
The command @kbd{C-x C-@key{SPC}} (@code{pop-global-mark}) jumps to
the buffer and position of the latest entry in the global ring. It also
rotates the ring, so that successive uses of @kbd{C-x C-@key{SPC}} take
-you to earlier and earlier buffers.
+you to earlier buffers and mark positions.
+
+@node Shift Selection
+@section Shift Selection
+@cindex shift-selection
+
+ If you hold down the shift key while typing a cursor motion command,
+this sets the mark before moving point, so that the region extends
+from the original position of point to its new position. This
+feature, newly introduced in Emacs 23, is referred to as
+@dfn{shift-selection}. It is similar to the way text is selected in
+other editors.
+
+ The mark set via shift-selection behaves a little differently from
+what we have described above. Firstly, in addition to the usual ways
+of deactivating the mark (such as changing the buffer text or typing
+@kbd{C-g}), the mark is deactivated by any @emph{unshifted} cursor
+motion command. Secondly, any subsequent @emph{shifted} cursor motion
+command avoids setting the mark anew. Therefore, a series of shifted
+cursor motion commands will continuously extend the region.
+
+ Shift-selection only works if the shifted cursor motion key is not
+already bound to a separate command (@pxref{Customization}). For
+example, if you bind @kbd{S-C-f} to another command, typing
+@kbd{S-C-f} runs that command instead of performing a shift-selected
+version of @kbd{C-f} (@code{forward-char}).
+
+ A mark set via mouse commands behaves the same as a mark set via
+shift-selection (@pxref{Setting Mark}). For example, if you specify a
+region by dragging the mouse, you can continue to extend the region
+using shifted cursor motion commands. In either case, any unshifted
+cursor motion command deactivates the mark.
+
+ To turn off shift-selection, set @code{shift-select-mode} to
+@code{nil}. Doing this does not disable setting the mark via mouse
+commands.
+
+@node Persistent Mark
+@section Persistent Marks
+@cindex mode, Transient Mark
+@cindex Transient Mark mode
+@cindex highlighting region
+@cindex region highlighting
+@cindex Zmacs mode
+
+ By default, the mark is activated by setting it, and deactivated by
+most non-motion commands (including all commands that change the text
+in the buffer). This behavior is called Transient Mark
+mode@footnote{It is also sometimes called @dfn{Zmacs mode}, because
+the Zmacs editor on the MIT Lisp Machine handled the mark in a similar
+way.}.
+
+ Turning off Transient Mark mode switches Emacs to an alternative
+mode of operation, which was the default prior to Emacs 23. When
+Transient Mark mode is off, the mark is @emph{never} deactivated, but
+it can be set to different locations using commands such as
+@kbd{C-@key{SPC}}. Emacs does not highlight the region, because that
+would be a nuisance. As a special exception, the region is
+temporarily highlighted if you set it with the mouse (@pxref{Setting
+Mark}), or with shift-selection (@pxref{Shift Selection}).
+
+@findex transient-mark-mode
+ To turn off Transient Mark mode, type @kbd{M-x transient-mark-mode}.
+This command toggles the mode; you can use the same command to turn it
+on again. You can also toggle Transient Mark mode using the
+@samp{Active Region Highlighting} menu item in the @samp{Options}
+menu.
+
+ Here are the details of how Emacs behaves when Transient Mark mode
+is off:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Emacs does not show where the mark is located---you have to remember.
+The usual solution to this problem is to set the mark and then use it
+soon, before you forget where it is. Alternatively, you can check the
+location of the mark by using @kbd{C-x C-x}, which exchanges the
+positions of the point and the mark (@pxref{Setting Mark}).
+
+@item
+Many commands that insert text, such as @kbd{C-y} (@code{yank}),
+position point and the mark at opposite ends of the inserted text, so
+that the region consists of the text just inserted. You can tell when
+a command sets the mark because it displays @samp{Mark set} in the
+echo area.
-@ignore
- arch-tag: f35e4d82-911b-4cfc-a3d7-3c87b2abba20
-@end ignore
+@item
+Many commands that move point long distances, like @kbd{M-<} and
+@kbd{C-s}, first set the mark where point was.
+
+@item
+Some commands, which ordinarily act on the region when the mark is
+active, no longer do so. For example, normally @kbd{M-%}
+(@code{query-replace}) performs replacements within the region, if the
+mark is active. When Transient Mark mode is off, it always operates
+from point to the end of the buffer. Commands that act this way are
+identified in their own documentation.
+@end itemize
+
+ While Transient Mark mode is off, you can activate it temporarily
+using @kbd{C-@key{SPC} C-@key{SPC}} or @kbd{C-u C-x C-x}.
+
+@table @kbd
+@item C-@key{SPC} C-@key{SPC}
+@kindex C-@key{SPC} C-@key{SPC}
+Set the mark at point (like plain @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}) and enable
+Transient Mark mode just once, until the mark is deactivated. (This
+is not really a separate command; you are using the @kbd{C-@key{SPC}}
+command twice.)
+
+@item C-u C-x C-x
+@kindex C-u C-x C-x
+Activate the mark and enable Transient Mark mode temporarily, until
+the mark is next deactivated. (This is the @kbd{C-x C-x} command,
+@code{exchange-point-and-mark}, with a prefix argument.)
+@end table
+
+ These commands set or activate the mark, and enable Transient Mark
+mode only until the mark is deactivated. One reason you may want to
+use them is that some commands operate on the entire buffer instead of
+the region when Transient Mark mode is off. Enabling Transient Mark
+mode momentarily gives you a way to use these commands on the region.