number of other sources---mail, remote directories, digests, and so on.
Here we introduce Gnus and describe several basic features.
-@ifinfo
+@ifnottex
For full details, see @ref{Top, Gnus,, gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
-@end ifinfo
+@end ifnottex
@iftex
For full details on Gnus, type @kbd{M-x info} and then select the Gnus
manual.
@c Too many references to the name of the manual if done with xref in TeX!
Gnus is powerful and customizable. Here are references to a few
-@ifinfo
+@ifnottex
additional topics:
-@end ifinfo
+@end ifnottex
@iftex
additional topics in @cite{The Gnus Manual}:
See section ``Composing Messages.''
@end itemize
@end iftex
-@ifinfo
+@ifnottex
@itemize @bullet
@item
Follow discussions on specific topics.@*
Send an article to a newsgroup.@*
@xref{Composing Messages, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
@end itemize
-@end ifinfo
+@end ifnottex
@end ignore
@node Shell, Emacs Server, Gnus, Top
@cindex @env{EMACS} environment variable
Unless the environment variable @env{EMACS} is already defined,
-Emacs defines it in the subshell, with value @code{t}. A shell script
+Emacs defines it in the subshell, with value equal to Emacs's absolute
+file name. A shell script
can check this variable to determine whether it has been run from an
Emacs subshell.
When you find the previous input you want, you can resubmit it by
typing @key{RET}, or you can edit it first and then resubmit it if you
-wish.
+wish. Any partial input you were composing before navigating the
+history list is restored when you go to the beginning or end of the
+history ring.
Often it is useful to reexecute several successive shell commands that
were previously executed in sequence. To do this, first find and
Move point to the following prompt (@code{comint-next-prompt}).
@kindex C-c RET @r{(Shell mode)}
-@findex comint-insert-input
+@findex comint-copy-old-input
@item C-c @key{RET}
Copy the input command which point is in, inserting the copy at the end
-of the buffer (@code{comint-insert-input}). This is useful if you
+of the buffer (@code{comint-copy-old-input}). This is useful if you
move point back to a previous command. After you copy the command, you
can submit the copy as input with @key{RET}. If you wish, you can
-edit the copy before resubmitting it.
+edit the copy before resubmitting it. If you use this command on an
+output line, it copies that line to the end of the buffer.
@item Mouse-2
-Copy the input command that you click on, inserting the copy at the end
-of the buffer.
+If @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is @code{nil} (the default), copy
+the old input command that you click on, inserting the copy at the end
+of the buffer (@code{comint-insert-input}). If
+@code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is non-@code{nil}, or if the click is
+not over old input, just yank as usual.
@end table
Moving to a previous input and then copying it with @kbd{C-c
@vindex comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-input
If the variable @code{comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-input} is
non-@code{nil}, insertion and yank commands scroll the selected window
-to the bottom before inserting.
+to the bottom before inserting. The default is @code{nil}.
@vindex comint-scroll-show-maximum-output
If @code{comint-scroll-show-maximum-output} is non-@code{nil}, then
arrival of output when point is at the end tries to place the last line of
text at the bottom line of the window, so as to show as much useful
-text as possible. (This mimics the scrolling behavior of many
-terminals.) The default is @code{nil}.
+text as possible. (This mimics the scrolling behavior of most
+terminals.) The default is @code{t}.
@vindex comint-move-point-for-output
By setting @code{comint-move-point-for-output}, you can opt for
@subsection Invoking @code{emacsclient}
To run the @code{emacsclient} program, specify file names as arguments,
-and optionally line numbers as well. Do it like this:
+and optionally line numbers as well, like this:
@example
emacsclient @r{@{}@r{[}+@var{line}@r{[}@var{column}@r{]}@r{]} @var{filename}@r{@}}@dots{}
Emacs sends a message to the @code{emacsclient} program telling it to
return.
+ If you invoke @code{emacsclient} for more than one file, the
+additional client buffers are buried at the bottom of the buffer list
+(@pxref{Buffers}). If you call @kbd{C-x #} after you are done editing
+a client buffer, the next client buffer is automatically selected.
+
But if you use the option @samp{-n} or @samp{--no-wait} when running
@code{emacsclient}, then it returns immediately. (You can take as
long as you like to edit the files in Emacs.)
- The option @samp{--alternate-editor=@var{command}} is useful when
-running @code{emacsclient} in a script. It specifies a command to run
-if @code{emacsclient} fails to contact Emacs. For example, the
-following setting for the @var{EDITOR} environment variable will
+ The option @samp{--alternate-editor=@var{command}} specifies a
+command to run if @code{emacsclient} fails to contact Emacs. This is
+useful when running @code{emacsclient} in a script. For example, the
+following setting for the @env{EDITOR} environment variable will
always give you an editor, even if no Emacs server is running:
@example
@end example
@noindent
-The environment variable @var{ALTERNATE_EDITOR} has the same effect, but
-the value of the @samp{--alternate-editor} takes precedence.
+The environment variable @env{ALTERNATE_EDITOR} has the same effect, with
+the value of the @samp{--alternate-editor} option taking precedence.
@pindex emacs.bash
Alternatively, the file @file{etc/emacs.bash} defines a bash
can be customized in group @code{handwrite}. This function only
supports ISO 8859-1 characters.
-@ifinfo
+@ifnottex
The following section describes variables for customizing these commands.
-@end ifinfo
+@end ifnottex
@node PostScript Variables, Printing Package, PostScript, Printing
@section Variables for PostScript Hardcopy
making the rest temporarily inaccessible. The portion which you can
still get to is called the @dfn{accessible portion}. Canceling the
narrowing, which makes the entire buffer once again accessible, is
-called @dfn{widening}. The amount of narrowing in effect in a buffer at
-any time is called the buffer's @dfn{restriction}.
+called @dfn{widening}. The bounds of narrowing in effect in a buffer
+are called the buffer's @dfn{restriction}.
Narrowing can make it easier to concentrate on a single subroutine or
-paragraph by eliminating clutter. It can also be used to restrict the
+paragraph by eliminating clutter. It can also be used to limit the
range of operation of a replace command or repeating keyboard macro.
@table @kbd
@findex desktop-save
@vindex desktop-save-mode
You can save the desktop manually with the command @kbd{M-x
-desktop-save}. You can also enable automatic desktop saving when
-you exit Emacs: use the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy
+desktop-save}. You can also enable automatic saving of the desktop
+when you exit Emacs, and automatic restoration of the last saved
+desktop when Emacs starts: use the Customization buffer (@pxref{Easy
Customization}) to set @code{desktop-save-mode} to @code{t} for future
sessions, or add this line in your @file{~/.emacs} file:
@findex desktop-change-dir
@findex desktop-revert
- When Emacs starts, it looks for a saved desktop in the current
+ If you turn on @code{desktop-save-mode} in your @file{~/.emacs},
+then when Emacs starts, it looks for a saved desktop in the current
directory. Thus, you can have separate saved desktops in different
directories, and the starting directory determines which one Emacs
reloads. You can save the current desktop and reload one saved in
Specify the option @samp{--no-desktop} on the command line when you
don't want it to reload any saved desktop. This turns off
-@code{desktop-save-mode} for the current session.
+@code{desktop-save-mode} for the current session. Starting Emacs with
+the @samp{--no-init-file} option also disables desktop reloading,
+since it bypasses the @file{.emacs} init file, where
+@code{desktop-save-mode} is usually turned on.
@vindex desktop-restore-eager
By default, all the buffers in the desktop are restored at one go.
@cindex thumbnails
Tumme is a facility for browsing image files. It provides viewing
-of the original file, either as a thumbnail or in full size, inside
-Emacs or in an external viewer.
+the images either as thumbnails or in full size, either inside Emacs
+or through an external viewer.
To enter Tumme, type @kbd{M-x tumme}. It prompts for a directory;
specify one that has images files. This creates thumbnails for all
the images in that directory, and displays them all in the ``thumbnail
-buffer''. This takes a long time if the directory contains many image
-files, and it won't operate if the number of image files exceeds
-@code{tumme-show-all-from-dir-max-files}.
+buffer.'' This takes a long time if the directory contains many image
+files, and it asks for confirmation if the number of image files
+exceeds @code{tumme-show-all-from-dir-max-files}.
@kindex C-t d @r{(Tumme)}
@findex tumme-display-thumbs
(@code{tumme-display-thumbnail-original-image}) to display a sized
version of it in another window. This sizes the image to fit the
window. Use the arrow keys to move around in the buffer. For easy
-browing, type @kbd{SPC} (@code{tumme-display-next-thumbnail-original})
+browsing, type @kbd{SPC} (@code{tumme-display-next-thumbnail-original})
to advance and display the next image. Typing @kbd{DEL}
(@code{tumme-display-previous-thumbnail-original}) backs up to the
previous thumbnail and displays that instead.
More advanced features include @dfn{image tags}, which are metadata
used to categorize image files. The tags are stored in a plain text
-file.
-@c ??? What is the file name?
+file configured by @code{tumme-db-file}.
- To tag image files, mark them in the dired buffer and type @kbd{C-t
-t} (@code{tumme-tag-files}). You will be prompted for a tag. To mark
-files having a certain tag, type @kbd{C-t f}
+ To tag image files, mark them in the dired buffer (you can also mark
+files in Dired from the thumbnail buffer by typing @kbd{m}) and type
+@kbd{C-t t} (@code{tumme-tag-files}). You will be prompted for a tag.
+To mark files having a certain tag, type @kbd{C-t f}
(@code{tumme-mark-tagged-files}). After marking image files with a
certain tag, you can use @kbd{C-t d} to view them.
-@c ??? Remove what? The tag?
- You can also tag a file from the thumbnail buffer by typing @kbd{t
-t} and remove it by typing @kbd{t r}. There is also a special ``tag''
-called ``comment'' for each file (it is not a tag in the exact same
-sense as the other tags, it is handled slightly different). That is
-used to enter a comment or description about the image. You comment a
-file from the thumbnail buffer by typing @kbd{c}. You will be
-prompted for a comment. Type @kbd{C-t c} to add a comment from Dired
-(@code{tumme-dired-comment-files}).
+ You can also tag a file directly from the thumbnail buffer by typing
+@kbd{t t} and you can remove a tag by typing @kbd{t r}. There is also
+a special ``tag'' called ``comment'' for each file (it is not a tag in
+the exact same sense as the other tags, it is handled slightly
+different). That is used to enter a comment or description about the
+image. You comment a file from the thumbnail buffer by typing
+@kbd{c}. You will be prompted for a comment. Type @kbd{C-t c} to add
+a comment from Dired (@code{tumme-dired-comment-files}).
Tumme also provides simple image manipulation. In the thumbnail
buffer, type @kbd{L} to rotate the original image 90 degrees anti