+++ /dev/null
-@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
-@node Mac OS, MS-DOS, Antinews, Top
-@appendix Emacs and the Mac OS
-@cindex Mac OS
-@cindex Macintosh
-
- Emacs built on Mac OS X supports most of its major features:
-multiple frames, colors, scroll bars, menu bars, use of the mouse,
-fontsets, international characters, input methods, coding systems,
-asynchronous and synchronous subprocesses, unexec (@code{dump-emacs}),
-and networking (@code{open-network-stream}). Support for various
-image file formats has not been implemented yet.
-
- The following features of Emacs are not yet supported on the Mac OS
-8 or 9: unexec (@code{dump-emacs}), asynchronous subprocesses
-(@code{start-process}), and networking (@code{open-network-stream}).
-As a result, packages such as Gnus, GUD, and Comint do not work.
-However, synchronous subprocesses (@code{call-process}) are supported.
-Since external programs to handle commands such as @code{print-buffer}
-and @code{diff} are not available on Mac OS 8 or 9, they are not
-supported.
-
- Most of the features that are supported work in the same way as on
-other platforms and are therefore documented in the rest of this
-manual. This section describes the peculiarities of using Emacs under
-the Mac OS.
-
-@menu
-* Input: Mac Input. Keyboard input on the Mac.
-* Intl: Mac International. International character sets on the Mac.
-* Env: Mac Environment Variables. Setting environment variables for Emacs.
-* Directories: Mac Directories. Volumes and directories on the Mac.
-* Font: Mac Font Specs. Specifying fonts on the Mac.
-* Functions: Mac Functions. Mac-specific Lisp functions.
-@end menu
-
-@node Mac Input
-@section Keyboard Input on the Mac
-@cindex Meta (Mac OS)
-@cindex keyboard coding (Mac OS)
-@vindex mac-command-key-is-meta
-@vindex mac-keyboard-text-encoding
-
- On the Mac, Emacs can use either the @key{option} key or the
-@key{command} key as the @key{META} key. If the value of the variable
-@code{mac-command-key-is-meta} is non-@code{nil} (its default value),
-Emacs uses the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key. Otherwise it
-uses the @key{option} key as the @key{META} key.
-
- Most people should want to use the @key{command} key as the @key{META} key,
-so that dead-key processing with the @key{option} key will still work. This is
-useful for entering non-ASCII Latin characters directly from the Mac
-keyboard, for example.
-
- Emacs recognizes the setting in the Keyboard control panel and
-supports international and alternative keyboard layouts (e.g., Dvorak).
-Selecting one of the layouts from the keyboard layout pull-down menu
-will affect how the keys typed on the keyboard are interpreted.
-
- The Mac OS intercepts and handles certain key combinations (e.g.,
-@key{command}-@key{SPC} for switching input languages). These will not
-be passed to Emacs.
-
- The Mac keyboard ordinarily generates characters in the Mac Roman
-encoding. To use it for entering ISO Latin-1 characters directly, set
-the value of the variable @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to
-@code{kTextEncodingISOLatin1}. Note that not all Mac Roman characters
-that can be entered at the keyboard can be converted to ISO Latin-1
-characters.
-
- To enter ISO Latin-2 characters directly from the Mac keyboard, set
-the value of @code{mac-keyboard-text-encoding} to
-@code{kTextEncodingISOLatin2}. Then let Emacs know that the keyboard
-generates Latin-2 codes, by typing @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k iso-latin-2
-@key{RET}}. To make this setting permanent, put this in your
-@file{.emacs} init file:
-
-@lisp
-(set-keyboard-coding-system 'iso-latin-2)
-@end lisp
-
-@node Mac International
-@section International Character Set Support on the Mac
-@cindex Mac Roman coding system
-@cindex clipboard support (Mac OS)
-
- The Mac uses a non-standard encoding for the upper 128 single-byte
-characters. It also deviates from the ISO 2022 standard by using
-character codes in the range 128-159. The coding system
-@code{mac-roman} is used to represent this Mac encoding. It is used
-for editing files stored in this native encoding, and for displaying
-file names in Dired mode.
-
- Any native (non-symbol) Mac font can be used to correctly display
-characters in the @code{mac-roman} coding system.
-
- The fontset @code{fontset-mac} is created automatically when Emacs
-is run on the Mac. It displays characters in the @code{mac-roman}
-coding system using 12-point Monaco.
-
- To insert characters directly in the @code{mac-roman} coding system,
-type @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k mac-roman @key{RET}}, customize the option
-@code{keyboard-coding-system}, or put this in your init file:
-
-@lisp
-(set-keyboard-coding-system 'mac-roman)
-@end lisp
-
-@noindent
-This is useful for editing documents in native Mac encoding.
-
- You can use input methods provided either by LEIM (@pxref{Input
-Methods}) or the Mac OS to enter international characters.
-
- To use the former, see the International Character Set Support section
-of the manual (@pxref{International}).
-
- To use input methods provided by the Mac OS, set the keyboard coding
-system accordingly using the @kbd{C-x @key{RET} k} command
-(@code{set-keyboard-coding-system}). For example, for Traditional
-Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5} as keyboard coding system; for
-Japanese, use @samp{sjis}, etc. Then select the desired input method in
-the keyboard layout pull-down menu.
-
- The Mac clipboard and the Emacs kill ring (@pxref{Killing}) are
-connected as follows: the most recent kill is copied to the clipboard
-when Emacs is suspended and the contents of the clipboard is inserted
-into the kill ring when Emacs resumes. The result is that you can yank
-a piece of text and paste it into another Mac application, or cut or copy
-one in another Mac application and yank it into a Emacs buffer.
-
- The encoding of text selections must be specified using the commands
-@kbd{C-x @key{RET} x} (@code{set-selection-coding-system}) or @kbd{C-x
-@key{RET} X} (@code{set-next-selection-coding-system}) (e.g., for
-Traditional Chinese, use @samp{chinese-big5-mac} and for Japanese,
-@samp{sjis-mac}). @xref{Specify Coding}, for more details.
-
-
-@node Mac Environment Variables
-@section Environment Variables and Command Line Arguments.
-@cindex environment variables (Mac OS)
-
- On Mac OS X, when Emacs is run in a terminal, it inherits the values
-of environment variables from the shell from which it is invoked.
-However, when it is run from the Finder as a GUI application, it
-inherits no environment variable values.
-
- On Mac OS 8 or 9, environment variables and command line arguments
-for Emacs can be set by modifying the @samp{STR#} resources 128 and
-129, respectively. A common environment variable that one may want to
-set is @samp{HOME}.
-
- The way to set an environment variable is by adding a string of the
-form
-
-@example
-ENV_VAR=VALUE
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-to resource @samp{STR#} number 128 using @code{ResEdit}. To set up the
-program to use unibyte characters exclusively, for example, add the
-string
-
-@example
-EMACS_UNIBYTE=1
-@end example
-
-
-@node Mac Directories
-@section Volumes and Directories on the Mac
-@cindex file names (Mac OS)
-
- The directory structure in the Mac OS is seen by Emacs as
-
-@example
-/@var{volumename}/@var{filename}
-@end example
-
-So when Emacs requests a file name, doing file name completion on
-@file{/} will display all volumes on the system. You can use @file{..}
-to go up a directory level.
-
- On Mac OS 8 or 9, to access files and folders on the desktop, look
-in the folder @file{Desktop Folder} in your boot volume (this folder
-is usually invisible in the Mac @code{Finder}).
-
- On Mac OS 8 or 9, Emacs creates the Mac folder
-@file{:Preferences:Emacs:} in the @file{System Folder} and uses it as
-the temporary directory. Emacs maps the directory name @file{/tmp/}
-to that. Therefore it is best to avoid naming a volume @file{tmp}.
-If everything works correctly, the program should leave no files in it
-when it exits. You should be able to set the environment variable
-@code{TMPDIR} to use another directory but this folder will still be
-created.
-
-
-@node Mac Font Specs
-@section Specifying Fonts on the Mac
-@cindex font names (Mac OS)
-
- It is rare that you need to specify a font name in Emacs; usually
-you specify face attributes instead. But when you do need to specify
-a font name in Emacs on the Mac, use a standard X font name:
-
-@smallexample
--@var{maker}-@var{family}-@var{weight}-@var{slant}-@var{widthtype}-@var{style}@dots{}
-@dots{}-@var{pixels}-@var{height}-@var{horiz}-@var{vert}-@var{spacing}-@var{width}-@var{charset}
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-@xref{Font X}. Wildcards are supported as they are on X.
-
- Native Apple fonts in Mac Roman encoding has maker name @code{apple}
-and charset @code{mac-roman}. For example 12-point Monaco can be
-specified by the name @samp{-apple-monaco-*-12-*-mac-roman}.
-
- Native Apple Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese, and
-Korean fonts have charsets @samp{big5-0}, @samp{gb2312.1980-0},
-@samp{jisx0208.1983-sjis}, and @samp{ksc5601.1989-0}, respectively.
-
- Single-byte fonts converted from GNU fonts in BDF format, which are not
-in the Mac Roman encoding, have foundry, family, and character sets
-encoded in the names of their font suitcases. E.g., the font suitcase
-@samp{ETL-Fixed-ISO8859-1} contains fonts which can be referred to by
-the name @samp{-ETL-fixed-*-iso8859-1}.
-
-
-@node Mac Functions
-@section Mac-Specific Lisp Functions
-@cindex Lisp functions specific to Mac OS
-
-@findex do-applescript
- The function @code{do-applescript} takes a string argument,
-executes it as an AppleScript command, and returns the result as a
-string.
-
-@findex mac-file-name-to-posix
-@findex posix-file-name-to-mac
- The function @code{mac-file-name-to-posix} takes a Mac file name and
-returns the GNU or Unix equivalent. The function
-@code{posix-file-name-to-mac} performs the opposite conversion. They
-are useful for constructing AppleScript commands to be passed to
-@code{do-applescript}.
-
-@ignore
- arch-tag: a822c2ab-4273-4997-927e-c153bb71dcf6
-@end ignore