@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 2000
+@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001, 2002
@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Text, Programs, Indentation, Top
@xref{Formatted Text}.
@end iftex
+@cindex skeletons
+@cindex templates
+@cindex autotyping
+@cindex automatic typing
The ``automatic typing'' features may be useful when writing text.
@xref{Top,, Autotyping, autotype, Features for Automatic Typing}.
* Text Mode:: The major modes for editing text files.
* Outline Mode:: Editing outlines.
* TeX Mode:: Editing input to the formatter TeX.
+* HTML Mode:: Editing HTML, SGML, and XML files.
* Nroff Mode:: Editing input to the formatter nroff.
* Formatted Text:: Editing formatted text directly in WYSIWYG fashion.
@end menu
@kindex C-x l
@findex count-lines-page
The @kbd{C-x l} command (@code{count-lines-page}) is good for deciding
-where to break a page in two. It prints in the echo area the total number
+where to break a page in two. It displays in the echo area the total number
of lines in the current page, and then divides it up into those preceding
the current line and those following, as in
comment; the variable @code{comment-multi-line} controls the choice
(@pxref{Comments}).
- Adaptive filling (see the following section) works for Auto Filling as
+ Adaptive filling (@pxref{Adaptive Fill}) works for Auto Filling as
well as for explicit fill commands. It takes a fill prefix
automatically from the second or first line of a paragraph.
@findex center-line
The command @kbd{M-s} (@code{center-line}) centers the current line
within the current fill column. With an argument @var{n}, it centers
-@var{n} lines individually and moves past them.
+@var{n} lines individually and moves past them. This binding is
+made by Text mode and is available only in that and related modes
+(@pxref{Text Mode}).
@vindex fill-column
@kindex C-x f
period. Set the variable @code{sentence-end-without-period} to
@code{t} to tell the sentence commands that a period is not necessary.
+@vindex fill-nobreak-predicate
+ The variable @code{fill-nobreak-predicate} specifies additional
+conditions for where line-breaking is allowed. Its value is either
+@code{nil} or a Lisp function; the function is called with no
+arguments, and if it returns a non-@code{nil} value, then point is not
+a good place to break the line. The standard functions you can use
+@code{fill-single-word-nobreak-p} (don't break after the first word of
+a sentence or before the last) and @code{fill-french-nobreak-p} (don't
+break after @samp{(} or before @samp{)}, @samp{:} or @samp{?}).
+
@node Fill Prefix
@subsection The Fill Prefix
@menu
* Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like.
* Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through
- outlines.
+ outlines.
* Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible.
* Views: Outline Views. Outlines and multiple views.
* Foldout:: Folding editing.
invisible (@code{hide-leaves}).
@item C-c C-k
Make all subheadings of this heading line, at all levels, visible
-(@code{show-branches}).
+(@code{show-branches}).
@item C-c C-i
Make immediate subheadings (one level down) of this heading line
visible (@code{show-children}).
setting @code{selective-display-ellipses} to @code{nil}. Then there is
no visible indication of the presence of invisible lines.
+@findex reveal-mode
When incremental search finds text that is hidden by Outline mode,
it makes that part of the buffer visible. If you exit the search
-at that position, the text remains visible.
+at that position, the text remains visible. You can also
+automatically make text visible as you navigate in it by using
+@kbd{M-x reveal-mode}.
@node Outline Views
@subsection Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views
cursor on it and use @kbd{C-c C-z} again. This exposes the level-2 body
and its level-3 child subheadings and narrows the buffer again. Zooming
in on successive subheadings can be done as much as you like. A string
-in the modeline shows how deep you've gone.
+in the mode line shows how deep you've gone.
When zooming in on a heading, to see only the child subheadings specify
a numeric argument: @kbd{C-u C-c C-z}. The number of levels of children
can be specified too (compare @kbd{M-x show-children}), e.g.@: @kbd{M-2
C-c C-z} exposes two levels of child subheadings. Alternatively, the
-body can be spcified with a negative argument: @kbd{M-- C-c C-z}. The
+body can be specified with a negative argument: @kbd{M-- C-c C-z}. The
whole subtree can be expanded, similarly to @kbd{C-c C-s} (@kbd{M-x
show-subtree}), by specifying a zero argument: @kbd{M-0 C-c C-z}.
folds, and for showing and hiding text:
@table @asis
-@item @kbd{M-C-Mouse-1} zooms in on the heading clicked on
+@item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-1} zooms in on the heading clicked on
@itemize @asis
@item
single click: expose body.
@item
quad click: expose entire subtree.
@end itemize
-@item @kbd{M-C-Mouse-2} exposes text under the heading clicked on
-@table @r
-@item single click
-expose body.
-@item double click
-expose subheadings.
-@item triple click
-expose body and subheadings.
-@item quad click
-expose entire subtree.
-@end table
-@item @kbd{M-C-Mouse-3} hides text under the heading clicked on or exits fold
-@table @r
-@item single click
-hide subtree.
-@item double click
-exit fold and hide text.
-@item triple click
-exit fold without hiding text.
-@item quad click
-exit all folds and hide text.
-@end table
+@item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-2} exposes text under the heading clicked on
+@itemize @asis
+@item
+single click: expose body.
+@item
+double click: expose subheadings.
+@item
+triple click: expose body and subheadings.
+@item
+quad click: expose entire subtree.
+@end itemize
+@item @kbd{C-M-Mouse-3} hides text under the heading clicked on or exits fold
+@itemize @asis
+@item
+single click: hide subtree.
+@item
+double click: exit fold and hide text.
+@item
+triple click: exit fold without hiding text.
+@item
+quad click: exit all folds and hide text.
+@end itemize
@end table
@vindex foldout-mouse-modifiers
(eval-after-load "outline" '(require 'foldout))
@end example
-@node TeX Mode, Nroff Mode, Outline Mode, Text
+@node TeX Mode
@section @TeX{} Mode
@cindex @TeX{} mode
@cindex La@TeX{} mode
@kindex C-j @r{(@TeX{} mode)}
There are two commands for checking the matching of braces. @kbd{C-j}
(@code{tex-terminate-paragraph}) checks the paragraph before point, and
-inserts two newlines to start a new paragraph. It prints a message in
+inserts two newlines to start a new paragraph. It outputs a message in
the echo area if any mismatch is found. @kbd{M-x tex-validate-region}
checks a region, paragraph by paragraph. The errors are listed in the
@samp{*Occur*} buffer, and you can use @kbd{C-c C-c} or @kbd{Mouse-2} in
modified buffers. Generally, you need to use (@code{tex-file}) twice to
get the cross-references right.
-@vindex tex-start-options-string
- The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options-string} specifies
-options for the @TeX{} run. The default value causes @TeX{} to run in
-nonstopmode. To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to @code{""}.
+@vindex tex-start-options
+ The value of the variable @code{tex-start-options} specifies
+options for the @TeX{} run.
+
+@vindex tex-start-commands
+ The value of the variable @code{tex-start-commands} specifies @TeX{}
+commands for starting @TeX{}. The default value causes @TeX{} to run
+in nonstop mode. To run @TeX{} interactively, set the variable to
+@code{""}.
@vindex tex-main-file
Large @TeX{} documents are often split into several files---one main
@findex tildify-region
@cindex ties, @TeX{}, inserting
@cindex hard spaces, @TeX{}, inserting
-@cindex SGML
-@cindex HTML
The commands @kbd{M-x tildify-buffer} and @kbd{M-x tildify-region}
insert @samp{~} (@dfn{tie}) characters where they are conventionally
required. This is set up for Czech---customize the group
For managing all kinds of references for La@TeX{}, you can use
Ref@TeX{}. @xref{Top, , RefTeX, reftex}.
+@node HTML Mode
+@section SGML, XML, and HTML Modes
+
+ The major modes for SGML and HTML include indentation support and
+commands to operate on tags. This section describes the special
+commands of these modes. (HTML mode is a slightly customized variant
+of SGML mode.)
+
+@table @kbd
+@item C-c C-n
+@kindex C-c C-n @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-name-char
+Interactively specify a special character and insert the SGML
+@samp{&}-command for that character.
+
+@item C-c C-t
+@kindex C-c C-t @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-tag
+Interactively specify a tag and its attributes (@code{sgml-tag}).
+This command asks you for a tag name and for the attribute values,
+then inserts both the opening tag and the closing tag, leaving point
+between them.
+
+With a prefix argument @var{n}, the command puts the tag around the
+@var{n} words already present in the buffer after point. With
+@minus{}1 as argument, it puts the tag around the region. (In
+Transient Mark mode, it does this whenever a region is active.)
+
+@item C-c C-a
+@kindex C-c C-a @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-attributes
+Interactively insert attribute values for the current tag
+(@code{sgml-attributes}).
+
+@item C-c C-f
+@kindex C-c C-f @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-skip-tag-forward
+Skip across a balanced tag group (which extends from an opening tag
+through its corresponding closing tag) (@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}).
+A numeric argument acts as a repeat count.
+
+@item C-c C-b
+@kindex C-c C-b @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-skip-tag-backward
+Skip backward across a balanced tag group (which extends from an
+opening tag through its corresponding closing tag)
+(@code{sgml-skip-tag-forward}). A numeric argument acts as a repeat
+count.
+
+@item C-c C-d
+@kindex C-c C-d @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-delete-tag
+Delete the tag at or after point, and delete the matching tag too
+(@code{sgml-delete-tag}). If the tag at or after point is an opening
+tag, delete the closing tag too; if it is a closing tag, delete the
+opening tag too.
+
+@item C-c ? @var{tag} @key{RET}
+@kindex C-c ? @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-tag-help
+Display a description of the meaning of tag @var{tag}
+(@code{sgml-tag-help}). If the argument @var{tag} is empty, describe
+the tag at point.
+
+@item C-c /
+@kindex C-c / @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-close-tag
+Insert a close tag for the innermost unterminated tag
+(@code{sgml-close-tag}). If called from within a tag or a comment,
+close this element instead of inserting a close tag.
+
+@item C-c 8
+@kindex C-c 8 @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-name-8bit-mode
+Toggle a minor mode in which Latin-1 characters insert the
+corresponding SGML commands that stand for them, instead of the
+characters themselves (@code{sgml-name-8bit-mode}).
+
+@item C-c C-v
+@kindex C-c C-v @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-validate
+Run a shell command (which you must specify) to validate the current
+buffer as SGML (@code{sgml-validate}).
+
+@item C-x TAB
+@kindex C-c TAB @r{(SGML mode)}
+@findex sgml-tags-invisible
+Toggle the visibility of existing tags in the buffer. This can be
+used as a cheap preview.
+@end table
+
+@vindex sgml-xml-mode
+ SGML mode and HTML mode support XML also. In XML, every opening tag
+must have an explicit closing tag. When @code{sgml-xml-mode} is
+non-@code{nil}, SGML mode (and HTML mode) always insert explicit
+closing tags. When you visit a file, these modes determine from the
+file contents whether it is XML or not, and set @code{sgml-xml-mode}
+accordingly, so that they do the right thing for the file in either
+case.
+
@node Nroff Mode
@section Nroff Mode
@item M-p
Like @kbd{M-n} but move up (@code{backward-text-line}).
@item M-?
-Prints in the echo area the number of text lines (lines that are not
+Displays in the echo area the number of text lines (lines that are not
nroff commands) in the region (@code{count-text-lines}).
@end table
* Color: Format Colors. Changing the color of text.
* Indent: Format Indentation. Changing the left and right margins.
* Justification: Format Justification.
- Centering, setting text flush with the
+ Centering, setting text flush with the
left or right margin, etc.
* Other: Format Properties. The "special" text properties submenu.
* Forcing Enriched Mode:: How to force use of Enriched mode.
@node Requesting Formatted Text
@subsection Requesting to Edit Formatted Text
- Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched format,
-Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the file into
-Emacs's own internal format (text properties), and turns on Enriched
-mode.
+ Whenever you visit a file that Emacs saved in the text/enriched
+format, Emacs automatically converts the formatting information in the
+file into Emacs's own internal format (known as @dfn{text
+properties}), and turns on Enriched mode.
@findex enriched-mode
To create a new file of formatted text, first visit the nonexistent
@samp{x-read-only}. This ensures that they will not conflict with
standard annotations that may be added later.
+ @xref{Text Properties,,, elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual},
+for more information about text properties.
+
@node Hard and Soft Newlines
@subsection Hard and Soft Newlines
@cindex hard newline
There are two ways to alter the formatting information for a formatted
text file: with keyboard commands, and with the mouse.
- The easiest way to add properties to your document is by using the Text
+ The easiest way to add properties to your document is with the Text
Properties menu. You can get to this menu in two ways: from the Edit
-menu in the menu bar, or with @kbd{C-Mouse-2} (hold the @key{CTRL} key
-and press the middle mouse button).
+menu in the menu bar (use @kbd{@key{F10} e t} if you have no mouse),
+or with @kbd{C-Mouse-2} (hold the @key{CTRL} key and press the middle
+mouse button). There are also keyboard commands described in the
+following section.
Most of the items in the Text Properties menu lead to other submenus.
These are described in the sections that follow. Some items run
commands directly:
@table @code
-@findex facemenu-remove-props
-@item Remove Properties
+@findex facemenu-remove-face-props
+@item Remove Face Properties
Delete from the region all the text properties that the Text Properties
-menu works with (@code{facemenu-remove-props}).
+menu works with (@code{facemenu-remove-face-props}).
@findex facemenu-remove-all
@item Remove All
Delete @emph{all} text properties from the region
(@code{facemenu-remove-all}).
-@findex list-text-properties-at
-@item List Properties
-List all the text properties of the character following point
-(@code{list-text-properties-at}).
+@findex describe-text-at
+@cindex text properties of characters
+@cindex overlays at character position
+@cindex widgets at buffer position
+@cindex buttons at buffer position
+@item Describe Text
+List all the text properties, widgets, buttons, and overlays of the
+character following point (@code{describe-text-at}).
@item Display Faces
-Display a list of all the defined faces.
+Display a list of all the defined faces (@code{list-faces-display}).
@item Display Colors
-Display a list of all the defined colors.
+Display a list of all the defined colors (@code{list-colors-display}).
@end table
-
+
@node Format Faces
@subsection Faces in Formatted Text
@node Format Justification
@subsection Justification in Formatted Text
-
+
When editing formatted text, you can specify various styles of
justification for a paragraph. The style you specify automatically
affects the Emacs fill commands.
The default justification style is specified by the variable
@code{default-justification}. Its value should be one of the symbols
@code{left}, @code{right}, @code{full}, @code{center}, or @code{none}.
-
+
@node Format Properties
@subsection Setting Other Text Properties
Emacs does the necessary conversions on the text which you insert, but
it does not enable Enriched mode. If you wish to do that, type @kbd{M-x
enriched-mode}.
-@end itemize
+@end itemize
The command @code{format-decode-buffer} translates text in various
formats into Emacs's internal format. It asks you to specify the format
but allow character code conversion and/or automatic uncompression if
appropriate, use @code{format-find-file} with suitable arguments.
+@ignore
+ arch-tag: 8db54ed8-2036-49ca-b0df-23811d03dc70
+@end ignore