This file describes how to use Info, the on-line, menu-driven GNU
documentation system.
-Copyright (C) 1989, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
- 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,
+2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@quotation
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
-Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
+Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
License'' in the Emacs manual.
type the command @kbd{h} now. It brings you to a programmed
instruction sequence.
-To read about expert-level Info commands, type @kbd{n} twice. This
-brings you to @cite{Info for Experts}, skipping over the `Getting
+To read about advanced Info commands, type @kbd{n} twice. This
+brings you to @cite{Advanced Info Commands}, skipping over the `Getting
Started' chapter.
@end ifinfo
@end ifnottex
@menu
* Getting Started:: Getting started using an Info reader.
+* Advanced:: Advanced Info commands.
* Expert Info:: Info commands for experts.
-* Creating an Info File:: How to make your own Info file.
* Index:: An index of topics, commands, and variables.
@end menu
-@node Getting Started, Expert Info, Top, Top
+@node Getting Started, Advanced, Top, Top
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@chapter Getting Started
This first part of this Info manual describes how to get around inside
of Info. The second part of the manual describes various advanced
-Info commands, and how to write an Info as distinct from a Texinfo
-file. The third part briefly explains how to generate Info files from
-Texinfo files.
+Info commands. The third part briefly explains how to generate Info
+files from Texinfo files, and describes how to write an Info file
+by hand.
@ifnotinfo
This manual is primarily designed for browsing with an Info reader
Since your terminal has a relatively small number of lines on its
screen, it is necessary to give you special advice at the beginning.
-If you see the text @samp{--All----} near the bottom right corner
-of the screen, it means the entire text you are looking at fits on the
-screen. If you see @samp{--Top----} instead, it means that there is
-more text below that does not fit. To move forward through the text
-and see another screen full, press @key{SPC}, the Space bar. To move
-back up, press the key labeled @samp{Backspace} or @samp{DEL} (on some
-keyboards, this key might be labeled @samp{Delete}).
+If the entire text you are looking at fits on the screen, the text
+@samp{All} will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. In the
+stand-alone Info reader, it is displayed at the bottom right corner of
+the screen; in Emacs, it is displayed on the modeline. If you see the
+text @samp{Top} instead, it means that there is more text below that
+does not fit. To move forward through the text and see another screen
+full, press @key{SPC}, the Space bar. To move back up, press the key
+labeled @samp{Backspace} or @samp{DEL} (on some keyboards, this key
+might be labeled @samp{Delete}).
@ifinfo
Here are 40 lines of junk, so you can try @key{SPC} and @key{DEL} and
node called @samp{Help-P}. An advanced Info command lets you go to
any node whose name you know. In the stand-alone Info reader program,
the header line shows the names of this node and the Info file as
-well. In Emacs, the header line is duplicated in a special typeface,
-and the duplicate remains at the top of the window all the time even
-if you scroll through the node.
+well. In Emacs, the header line is displayed with a special typeface,
+and remains at the top of the window all the time even if you scroll
+through the node.
Besides a @samp{Next}, a node can have a @samp{Previous} link, or an
@samp{Up} link, or both. As you can see, this node has all of these
@format
>> If you are in Emacs and have a mouse, and if you already practiced
- typing @kbd{n} to get to the next node, click now with the middle
+ typing @kbd{n} to get to the next node, click now with the left
mouse button on the @samp{Next} link to do the same ``the mouse way''.
@end format
@format
>> But do not type @kbd{n} yet. First, try the @kbd{p} command, or
- (in Emacs) click the middle mouse button on the @samp{Prev} link.
- That takes you to the @samp{Previous} node. Then use @kbd{n} to
- return here.
+ (in Emacs) click on the @samp{Prev} link. That takes you to
+ the @samp{Previous} node. Then use @kbd{n} to return here.
@end format
If you read this in Emacs, you will see an @samp{Info} item in the
This is a big node and it does not all fit on your display screen.
You can tell that there is more that is not visible because you
-can see the string @samp{--Top-----} rather than @samp{--All----} near
-the bottom right corner of the screen.
+can see the text @samp{Top} rather than @samp{All} near the bottom of
+the screen.
@kindex SPC @r{(Info mode)}
@kindex DEL @r{(Info mode)}
Then come back, by typing @key{SPC} one or more times.
@end format
- If your screen is very tall, all of this node might fit at once. In
-that case, @kbd{b} won't do anything. But you could observe the
-effect of the @kbd{b} key if you use a smaller window.
-
@kindex ? @r{(Info mode)}
@findex Info-summary
You have just learned a considerable number of commands. If you
want to use one but have trouble remembering which, you should type
-a @kbd{?} (in Emacs it runs the @code{Info-summary} command) which
-displays a brief list of commands. When you are finished looking at
-the list, make it go away by typing a @key{SPC} repeatedly.
+@kbd{?}, which displays a brief list of commands. When you are
+finished looking at the list, make it go away by typing @key{SPC}
+repeatedly.
@format
>> Type a @key{?} now. Press @key{SPC} to see consecutive screenfuls of
The command to go to a subnode via a menu is @kbd{m}. After you type
the @kbd{m}, the line at the bottom of the screen says @samp{Menu item: }.
You must then type the name of the subtopic you want, and end it with
-a @key{RET}. In Emacs, @kbd{m} runs the command @code{Info-menu}.
+a @key{RET}.
@cindex abbreviating Info subnodes
You can abbreviate the subtopic name. If the abbreviation is not
change its appearance (usually, its background color will change), and
the shape of the mouse pointer will change if your platform supports
that. After a while, if you leave the mouse on that spot, a small
-window will pop up, saying ``Mouse-2: go to that node'', or the same
+window will pop up, saying ``Mouse-2: go to that node,'' or the same
message may appear at the bottom of the screen.
@kbd{Mouse-2} is the second button of your mouse counting from the
@kindex u @r{(Info mode)}
@findex Info-up
You can go back to the node @samp{Help-M} by typing the command
-@kbd{u} for ``Up'' (the Emacs command run by @kbd{u} is
-@code{Info-up}). That puts you at the @emph{front} of the node---to
-get back to where you were reading you have to type some @key{SPC}s.
-(Some Info readers, such as the one built into Emacs, put you at the
-menu subtopic line which points to the subnode that the @kbd{u} command
-brought you from.)
+@kbd{u} for ``Up''. This puts you at the menu subtopic line pointing
+to the subnode that the @kbd{u} command brought you from. (Some Info
+readers may put you at the @emph{front} of the node instead---to get
+back to where you were reading, you have to type some @key{SPC}s.)
Another way to go Up is to click @kbd{Mouse-2} on the @samp{Up}
pointer shown in the header line (provided that you have a mouse).
@kindex f @r{(Info mode)}
@findex Info-follow-reference
- There are two ways to follow a cross reference. You can move the
-cursor to it and press @key{RET}, just as in a menu. @key{RET}
-follows the cross reference that the cursor is on. Or you can type
-@kbd{f} and then specify the name of the cross reference (in this
-case, @samp{Cross}) as an argument. In Emacs Info, @kbd{f} runs
-@code{Info-follow-reference},
-
- In the @kbd{f} command, you select the cross reference with its
-name, so it does not matter where the cursor was. If the cursor is on
-or near a cross reference, @kbd{f} suggests that reference name in
-parentheses as the default; typing @key{RET} will follow that
-reference. However, if you type a different reference name, @kbd{f}
-will follow the other reference which has that name.
+ You can follow a cross reference by moving the cursor to it and
+press @key{RET}, just as in a menu. In Emacs, you can also click
+@kbd{Mouse-1} on a cross reference to follow it; you can see that the
+cross reference is mouse-sensitive by moving the mouse pointer to the
+reference and watching how the underlying text and the mouse pointer
+change in response.
+
+ Another way to follow a cross reference is to type @kbd{f} and then
+specify the name of the cross reference (in this case, @samp{Cross})
+as an argument. For this command, it does not matter where the cursor
+was. If the cursor is on or near a cross reference, @kbd{f} suggests
+that reference name in parentheses as the default; typing @key{RET}
+will follow that reference. However, if you type a different
+reference name, @kbd{f} will follow the other reference which has that
+name.
@format
>> Type @kbd{f}, followed by @kbd{Cross}, and then @key{RET}.
which move between menu items in a menu, also move between cross
references outside of menus.
- Clicking @kbd{Mouse-2} on or near a cross reference also follows the
-reference. You can see that the cross reference is mouse-sensitive by
-moving the mouse pointer to the reference and watching how the
-underlying text and the mouse pointer change in response.
-
Sometimes a cross reference (or a node) can lead to another file (in
other words another ``manual''), or, on occasion, even a file on a
remote machine (although Info files distributed with Emacs or the
There is also a short-cut Info command, @kbd{i}, which does all of
that for you. It searches the index for a given topic (a string) and
goes to the node which is listed in the index for that topic.
-@xref{Info Search}, for a full explanation.
+@xref{Search Index}, for a full explanation.
@kindex l @r{(Info mode)}
@findex Info-history-back
@kbd{l} command revisits nodes in the history list; each successive
@kbd{l} command moves one step back through the history.
- In Emacs, @kbd{l} runs the command @code{Info-history-back}.
-
@format
>> Try typing @kbd{p p n} and then three @kbd{l}'s, pausing in between
to see what each @kbd{l} does. You should wind up right back here.
>> Now type @kbd{n} to see the last node of the course.
@end format
- @xref{Expert Info}, for more advanced Info features.
+ @xref{Advanced}, for more advanced Info features.
@c If a menu appears at the end of this node, remove it.
@c It is an accident of the menu updating command.
-@node Expert Info
-@chapter Info for Experts
+@node Advanced
+@chapter Advanced Info Commands
- This chapter describes various Info commands for experts. (If you
+ This chapter describes various advanced Info commands. (If you
are using a stand-alone Info reader, there are additional commands
specific to it, which are documented in several chapters of @ref{Top,,
GNU Info, info-stnd, GNU Info}.)
- This chapter also explains how to write an Info as distinct from a
-Texinfo file. (However, in most cases, writing a Texinfo file is
-better, since you can use it to make a printed manual or produce other
-formats, such as HTML and DocBook, as well as for generating Info
-files.) @xref{Top,, Overview of Texinfo, texinfo, Texinfo: The GNU
-Documentation Format}.
+@kindex C-q @r{(Info mode)}
+ One advanced command useful with most of the others described here
+is @kbd{C-q}, which ``quotes'' the next character so that it is
+entered literally (@pxref{Inserting Text,,,emacs,The GNU Emacs
+Manual}). For example, pressing @kbd{?} ordinarily brings up a list
+of completion possibilities. If you want to (for example) search for
+an actual @samp{?} character, the simplest way is to insert it using
+@kbd{C-q ?}. This works the same in Emacs and stand-alone Info.
@menu
-* Advanced:: Advanced Info commands: g, e, and 1 - 9.
-* Info Search:: How to search Info documents for specific subjects.
-* Add:: Describes how to add new nodes to the hierarchy.
- Also tells what nodes look like.
-* Menus:: How to add to or create menus in Info nodes.
-* Cross-refs:: How to add cross-references to Info nodes.
-* Tags:: How to make tags tables for Info files.
-* Checking:: Checking an Info File.
+* Search Text:: How to search Info documents.
+* Search Index:: How to search the indices for specific subjects.
+* Go to node:: How to go to a node by name.
+* Choose menu subtopic:: How to choose a menu subtopic by its number.
+* Create Info buffer:: How to create a new Info buffer in Emacs.
* Emacs Info Variables:: Variables modifying the behavior of Emacs Info.
@end menu
-@node Advanced, Info Search, , Expert Info
+@node Search Text, Search Index, , Advanced
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@section Advanced Info Commands
+@section How to search Info documents
-Here are some more Info commands that make it easier to move around.
+@cindex searching Info documents
+@cindex Info document as a reference
+ The commands which move between and inside nodes allow you to read
+the entire manual or its large portions. But what if you need to find
+some information in the manual as fast as you can, and you don't know
+or don't remember in what node to look for it? This need arises when
+you use a manual as a @dfn{reference}, or when it is impractical to
+read the entire manual before you start using the programs it
+describes.
-@subheading @kbd{g} goes to a node by name
+ Info has powerful searching facilities that let you find things
+quickly. You can search either the manual text or its indices.
+
+@kindex s @r{(Info mode)}
+@findex Info-search
+ The @kbd{s} command allows you to search a whole Info file for a string.
+It switches to the next node if and when that is necessary. You
+type @kbd{s} followed by the string to search for, terminated by
+@key{RET}. To search for the same string again, just @kbd{s} followed
+by @key{RET} will do. The file's nodes are scanned in the order
+they are in the file, which has no necessary relationship to the
+order that they may be in the tree structure of menus and @samp{next}
+pointers. But normally the two orders are not very different. In any
+case, you can always look at the mode line to find out what node you have
+reached, if the header is not visible (this can happen, because @kbd{s}
+puts your cursor at the occurrence of the string, not at the beginning
+of the node).
+
+@kindex M-s @r{(Info mode)}
+ In Emacs, @kbd{Meta-s} is equivalent to @kbd{s}. That is for
+compatibility with other GNU packages that use @kbd{M-s} for a similar
+kind of search command. Both @kbd{s} and @kbd{M-s} run in Emacs the
+command @code{Info-search}.
+
+@kindex C-s @r{(Info mode)}
+@kindex C-r @r{(Info mode)}
+@findex isearch
+ Instead of using @kbd{s} in Emacs Info and in the stand-alone Info,
+you can use an incremental search started with @kbd{C-s} or @kbd{C-r}.
+It can search through multiple Info nodes. @xref{Incremental Search,,,
+emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. In Emacs, you can disable this behavior
+by setting the variable @code{Info-isearch-search} to @code{nil}
+(@pxref{Emacs Info Variables}).
+
+@node Search Index, Go to node, Search Text, Advanced
+@comment node-name, next, previous, up
+@section How to search the indices for specific subjects
+
+@cindex searching Info indices
+@kindex i @r{(Info mode)}
+@findex Info-index
+ Since most topics in the manual should be indexed, you should try
+the index search first before the text search. The @kbd{i} command
+prompts you for a subject and then looks up that subject in the
+indices. If it finds an index entry with the subject you typed, it
+goes to the node to which that index entry points. You should browse
+through that node to see whether the issue you are looking for is
+described there. If it isn't, type @kbd{,} one or more times to go
+through additional index entries which match your subject.
+
+ The @kbd{i} command and subsequent @kbd{,} commands find all index
+entries which include the string you typed @emph{as a substring}.
+For each match, Info shows in the echo area the full index entry it
+found. Often, the text of the full index entry already gives you
+enough information to decide whether it is relevant to what you are
+looking for, so we recommend that you read what Info shows in the echo
+area before looking at the node it displays.
+
+ Since @kbd{i} looks for a substring, you can search for subjects even
+if you are not sure how they are spelled in the index. For example,
+suppose you want to find something that is pertinent to commands which
+complete partial input (e.g., when you type @key{TAB}). If you want
+to catch index entries that refer to ``complete,'' ``completion,'' and
+``completing,'' you could type @kbd{icomplet@key{RET}}.
+
+ Info documents which describe programs should index the commands,
+options, and key sequences that the program provides. If you are
+looking for a description of a command, an option, or a key, just type
+their names when @kbd{i} prompts you for a topic. For example, if you
+want to read the description of what the @kbd{C-l} key does, type
+@kbd{iC-l@key{RET}} literally.
+
+@findex info-apropos
+@findex index-apropos
+If you aren't sure which manual documents the topic you are looking
+for, try the @kbd{M-x info-apropos} command in Emacs, or the @kbd{M-x
+index-apropos} command in the stand-alone reader. It prompts for
+a string and then looks up that string in all the indices of all the
+Info documents installed on your system.
+
+@node Go to node, Choose menu subtopic, Search Index, Advanced
+@comment node-name, next, previous, up
+@section @kbd{g} goes to a node by name
@kindex g @r{(Info mode)}
@findex Info-goto-node
If you know a node's name, you can go there by typing @kbd{g}, the
name, and @key{RET}. Thus, @kbd{gTop@key{RET}} would go to the node
called @samp{Top} in this file. (This is equivalent to @kbd{t}, see
-@ref{Help-Int}.) @kbd{gAdvanced@key{RET}} would come back here.
-@kbd{g} in Emacs runs the command @code{Info-goto-node}.
+@ref{Help-Int}.) @kbd{gGo to node@key{RET}} would come back here.
Unlike @kbd{m}, @kbd{g} does not allow the use of abbreviations.
But it does allow completion, so you can type @key{TAB} to complete a
all of the current file by typing @kbd{g*@key{RET}} or all of any
other file with @kbd{g(@var{filename})*@key{RET}}.
-@subheading @kbd{1}--@kbd{9} choose a menu subtopic by its number
+@node Choose menu subtopic, Create Info buffer, Go to node, Advanced
+@comment node-name, next, previous, up
+@section @kbd{1}--@kbd{9} choose a menu subtopic by its number
@kindex 1 @r{through} 9 @r{(Info mode)}
@findex Info-nth-menu-item
with a name of a menu subtopic. @kbd{1} goes through the first item
in the current node's menu; @kbd{2} goes through the second item, etc.
In the stand-alone reader, @kbd{0} goes through the last menu item;
-this is so you need not count how many entries are there. In Emacs,
-the digit keys run the command @code{Info-nth-menu-item}.
+this is so you need not count how many entries are there.
If your display supports multiple fonts, colors or underlining, and
you are using Emacs' Info mode to read Info files, the third, sixth
@kbd{m} instead, and specify the name, or use @key{TAB} to quickly
move between menu items.
-@subheading @kbd{e} makes Info document editable
-
-@kindex e @r{(Info mode)}
-@findex Info-edit
-@cindex edit Info document
- The Info command @kbd{e} changes from Info mode to an ordinary
-Emacs editing mode, so that you can edit the text of the current node.
-Type @kbd{C-c C-c} to switch back to Info. The @kbd{e} command is allowed
-only if the variable @code{Info-enable-edit} is non-@code{nil}.
-
- The @kbd{e} command only works in Emacs, where it runs the command
-@code{Info-edit}. The stand-alone Info reader doesn't allow you to
-edit the Info file, so typing @kbd{e} there goes to the end of the
-current node.
-
-@subheading @kbd{M-n} creates a new independent Info buffer in Emacs
+@node Create Info buffer, Emacs Info Variables, Choose menu subtopic, Advanced
+@comment node-name, next, previous, up
+@section @kbd{M-n} creates a new independent Info buffer in Emacs
@kindex M-n @r{(Info mode)}
@findex clone-buffer
@cindex multiple Info buffers
If you are reading Info in Emacs, you can select a new independent
-Info buffer in the same window by typing @kbd{M-n}. The new buffer
+Info buffer in a new Emacs window by typing @kbd{M-n}. The new buffer
starts out as an exact copy of the old one, but you will be able to
move independently between nodes in the two buffers. (In Info mode,
@kbd{M-n} runs the Emacs command @code{clone-buffer}.)
switches to the Info buffer with that number. Thus, @kbd{C-u 2 C-h i}
switches to the buffer @samp{*info*<2>}, creating it if necessary.
-@node Info Search, Add, Advanced, Expert Info
+@node Emacs Info Variables, , Create Info buffer, Advanced
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@section How to search Info documents for specific subjects
+@section Emacs Info-mode Variables
-@cindex searching Info documents
-@cindex Info document as a reference
- The commands which move between and inside nodes allow you to read
-the entire manual or its large portions. But what if you need to find
-some information in the manual as fast as you can, and you don't know
-or don't remember in what node to look for it? This need arises when
-you use a manual as a @dfn{reference}, or when it is impractical to
-read the entire manual before you start using the programs it
-describes.
+The following variables may modify the behavior of Info-mode in Emacs;
+you may wish to set one or several of these variables interactively,
+or in your init file. @xref{Examining, Examining and Setting
+Variables, Examining and Setting Variables, emacs, The GNU Emacs
+Manual}. The stand-alone Info reader program has its own set of
+variables, described in @ref{Variables,, Manipulating Variables,
+info-stnd, GNU Info}.
- Info has powerful searching facilities that let you find things
-quickly. You can search either the manual indices or its text.
+@vtable @code
+@item Info-directory-list
+The list of directories to search for Info files. Each element is a
+string (directory name) or @code{nil} (try default directory). If not
+initialized Info uses the environment variable @env{INFOPATH} to
+initialize it, or @code{Info-default-directory-list} if there is no
+@env{INFOPATH} variable in the environment.
-@kindex i @r{(Info mode)}
-@findex Info-index
- Since most subjects related to what the manual describes should be
-indexed, you should try the index search first. The @kbd{i} command
-prompts you for a subject and then looks up that subject in the
-indices. If it finds an index entry with the subject you typed, it
-goes to the node to which that index entry points. You should browse
-through that node to see whether the issue you are looking for is
-described there. If it isn't, type @kbd{,} one or more times to go
-through additional index entries which match your subject.
+If you wish to customize the Info directory search list for both Emacs
+Info and stand-alone Info, it is best to set the @env{INFOPATH}
+environment variable, since that applies to both programs.
- The @kbd{i} command finds all index entries which include the string
-you typed @emph{as a substring}. For each match, Info shows in the
-echo area the full index entry it found. Often, the text of the full
-index entry already gives you enough information to decide whether it
-is relevant to what you are looking for, so we recommend that you read
-what Info shows in the echo area before looking at the node it
-displays.
+@item Info-additional-directory-list
+A list of additional directories to search for Info documentation files.
+These directories are not searched for merging the @file{dir} file.
- Since @kbd{i} looks for a substring, you can search for subjects even
-if you are not sure how they are spelled in the index. For example,
-suppose you want to find something that is pertinent to commands which
-complete partial input (e.g., when you type @key{TAB}). If you want
-to catch index entries that refer to ``complete'', ``completion'', and
-``completing'', you could type @kbd{icomplet@key{RET}}.
+@item Info-mode-hook
+Hooks run when @code{Info-mode} is called. By default, it contains
+the hook @code{turn-on-font-lock} which enables highlighting of Info
+files. You can change how the highlighting looks by customizing the
+faces @code{info-node}, @code{info-xref}, @code{info-xref-visited},
+@code{info-header-xref}, @code{info-header-node}, @code{info-menu-header},
+@code{info-menu-star}, and @code{info-title-@var{n}} (where @var{n}
+is the level of the section, a number between 1 and 4). To customize
+a face, type @kbd{M-x customize-face @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET}},
+where @var{face} is one of the face names listed here.
- Info documents which describe programs should index the commands,
-options, and key sequences that the program provides. If you are
-looking for a description of a command, an option, or a key, just type
-their names when @kbd{i} prompts you for a topic. For example, if you
-want to read the description of what the @kbd{C-f} key does, type
-@kbd{i C - f @key{RET}}. Here @kbd{C-f} are 3 literal characters
-@samp{C}, @samp{-}, and @samp{f}, not the ``Control-f'' command key
-you type inside Emacs to run the command bound to @kbd{C-f}.
+@item Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size
+Maximum size of menu to fontify if @code{font-lock-mode} is non-@code{nil}.
- In Emacs, @kbd{i} runs the command @code{Info-index}.
+@item Info-fontify-visited-nodes
+If non-@code{nil}, menu items and cross-references pointing to visited
+nodes are displayed in the @code{info-xref-visited} face.
-@findex info-apropos
-@findex index-apropos
-If you don't know what manual documents something, try the @kbd{M-x
-info-apropos} command in Emacs, or the @kbd{M-x index-apropos} command
-in the stand-alone reader. It prompts for a string and then looks up
-that string in all the indices of all the Info documents installed on
-your system.
+@item Info-use-header-line
+If non-@code{nil}, Emacs puts in the Info buffer a header line showing
+the @samp{Next}, @samp{Prev}, and @samp{Up} links. A header line does
+not scroll with the rest of the buffer, making these links always
+visible.
-@kindex s @r{(Info mode)}
-@findex Info-search
- The @kbd{s} command allows you to search a whole file for a string.
-It switches to the next node if and when that is necessary. You
-type @kbd{s} followed by the string to search for, terminated by
-@key{RET}. To search for the same string again, just @kbd{s} followed
-by @key{RET} will do. The file's nodes are scanned in the order
-they are in the file, which has no necessary relationship to the
-order that they may be in the tree structure of menus and @samp{next}
-pointers. But normally the two orders are not very different. In any
-case, you can always look at the echo area to find out what node you have
-reached, if the header is not visible (this can happen, because @kbd{s}
-puts your cursor at the occurrence of the string, not at the beginning
-of the node).
+@item Info-hide-note-references
+As explained in earlier nodes, the Emacs version of Info normally
+hides some text in menus and cross-references. You can completely
+disable this feature, by setting this option to @code{nil}. Setting
+it to a value that is neither @code{nil} nor @code{t} produces an
+intermediate behavior, hiding a limited amount of text, but showing
+all text that could potentially be useful.
-@kindex M-s @r{(Info mode)}
- In Emacs, @kbd{Meta-s} is equivalent to @kbd{s}. That is for
-compatibility with other GNU packages that use @kbd{M-s} for a similar
-kind of search command. Both @kbd{s} and @kbd{M-s} run in Emacs the
-command @code{Info-search}.
+@item Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes
+If set to a non-@code{nil} value, @key{SPC} and @key{BACKSPACE} (or
+@key{DEL}) keys in a menu visit subnodes of the current node before
+scrolling to its end or beginning, respectively. For example, if the
+node's menu appears on the screen, the next @key{SPC} moves to a
+subnode indicated by the following menu item. Setting this option to
+@code{nil} results in behavior similar to the stand-alone Info reader
+program, which visits the first subnode from the menu only when you
+hit the end of the current node. The default is @code{nil}.
-@kindex C-s @r{(Info mode)}
-@kindex C-r @r{(Info mode)}
-@findex isearch
- Instead of using @kbd{s} in Emacs Info and in the stand-alone Info,
-you can use an incremental search started with @kbd{C-s} or @kbd{C-r}.
-It can search through multiple Info nodes. @xref{Incremental Search,,,
-emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}. In Emacs, this behavior is enabled only
-if the variable @code{Info-isearch-search} is non-@code{nil}
-(@pxref{Emacs Info Variables}).
+@item Info-isearch-search
+If non-@code{nil}, isearch in Info searches through multiple nodes.
-@node Add, Menus, Info Search, Expert Info
+@item Info-enable-active-nodes
+When set to a non-@code{nil} value, allows Info to execute Lisp code
+associated with nodes. The Lisp code is executed when the node is
+selected. The Lisp code to be executed should follow the node
+delimiter (the @samp{DEL} character) and an @samp{execute: } tag, like
+this:
+
+@example
+^_execute: (message "This is an active node!")
+@end example
+@end vtable
+
+
+@node Expert Info
+@chapter Info for Experts
+
+ This chapter explains how to write an Info file by hand. However,
+in most cases, writing a Texinfo file is better, since you can use it
+to make a printed manual or produce other formats, such as HTML and
+DocBook, as well as for generating Info files.
+
+The @code{makeinfo} command converts a Texinfo file into an Info file;
+@code{texinfo-format-region} and @code{texinfo-format-buffer} are GNU
+Emacs functions that do the same.
+
+@xref{Top,, Overview of Texinfo, texinfo, Texinfo: The GNU
+Documentation Format}, for how to write a Texinfo file.
+
+@xref{Creating an Info File,,, texinfo, Texinfo: The GNU Documentation
+Format}, for how to create an Info file from a Texinfo file.
+
+@xref{Installing an Info File,,, texinfo, Texinfo: The GNU
+Documentation Format}, for how to install an Info file after you
+have created one.
+
+However, if you want to edit an Info file manually and install it manually,
+here is how.
+
+@menu
+* Add:: Describes how to add new nodes to the hierarchy.
+ Also tells what nodes look like.
+* Menus:: How to add to or create menus in Info nodes.
+* Cross-refs:: How to add cross-references to Info nodes.
+* Tags:: How to make tags tables for Info files.
+* Checking:: Checking an Info File.
+@end menu
+
+@node Add, Menus, , Expert Info
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@section Adding a new node to Info
Put that topic in the menu in the directory. @xref{Menus, Menu}.
@end enumerate
- Usually, the way to create the nodes is with Texinfo (@pxref{Top,,
-Overview of Texinfo, texinfo, Texinfo: The GNU Documentation Format});
-this has the advantage that you can also make a printed manual or HTML
-from them. You would use the @samp{@@dircategory} and
-@samp{@@direntry} commands to put the manual into the Info directory.
-However, if you want to edit an Info file manually and install it
-manually, here is how.
-
@cindex node delimiters
The new node can live in an existing documentation file, or in a new
one. It must have a @samp{^_} character before it (invisible to the
what appears after the @samp{Node: } in that node's first line. For
example, this node's name is @samp{Add}. A node in another file is
named by @samp{(@var{filename})@var{node-within-file}}, as in
-@samp{(info)Add} for this node. If the file name starts with ``./'',
+@samp{(info)Add} for this node. If the file name starts with @samp{./},
then it is relative to the current directory; otherwise, it is
relative starting from the standard directory for Info files of your
site. The name @samp{(@var{filename})Top} can be abbreviated to just
the beginning of each item name which is the minimum acceptable
abbreviation for it (a long menu is more than 5 or so entries).
- The nodes listed in a node's menu are called its ``subnodes'', and it
+ The nodes listed in a node's menu are called its ``subnodes,'' and it
is their ``superior''. They should each have an @samp{Up:} pointing at
the superior. It is often useful to arrange all or most of the subnodes
in a sequence of @samp{Next} and @samp{Previous} pointers so that
files in that directory are not automatically listed in the Info
Directory node.
- Also, although the Info node graph is claimed to be a ``hierarchy'',
+ Also, although the Info node graph is claimed to be a ``hierarchy,''
in fact it can be @emph{any} directed graph. Shared structures and
pointer cycles are perfectly possible, and can be used if they are
appropriate to the meaning to be expressed. There is no need for all
something quickly in a manual---that is, when you need to use a manual
as a reference rather than as a tutorial. We urge you to learn
these search commands as well. If you want to do that now, follow this
-cross reference to @ref{Info Search}.
+cross reference to @ref{Advanced}.
Yet another set of commands are meant for experienced users; you can
find them by looking in the Directory node for documentation on Info.
a @samp{DEL} character, and the character position in the file of the
beginning of the node.
-
-@node Checking, Emacs Info Variables, Tags, Expert Info
+@node Checking, , Tags, Expert Info
@section Checking an Info File
When creating an Info file, it is easy to forget the name of a node when
To check an Info file, do @kbd{M-x Info-validate} while looking at any
node of the file with Emacs Info mode.
-@node Emacs Info Variables, , Checking, Expert Info
-@section Emacs Info-mode Variables
-
-The following variables may modify the behavior of Info-mode in Emacs;
-you may wish to set one or several of these variables interactively, or
-in your @file{~/.emacs} init file. @xref{Examining, Examining and Setting
-Variables, Examining and Setting Variables, emacs, The GNU Emacs
-Manual}. The stand-alone Info reader program has its own set of
-variables, described in @ref{Variables,, Manipulating Variables,
-info-stnd, GNU Info}.
-
-@vtable @code
-@item Info-directory-list
-The list of directories to search for Info files. Each element is a
-string (directory name) or @code{nil} (try default directory). If not
-initialized Info uses the environment variable @env{INFOPATH} to
-initialize it, or @code{Info-default-directory-list} if there is no
-@env{INFOPATH} variable in the environment.
-
-If you wish to customize the Info directory search list for both Emacs
-Info and stand-alone Info, it is best to set the @env{INFOPATH}
-environment variable, since that applies to both programs.
-
-@item Info-additional-directory-list
-A list of additional directories to search for Info documentation files.
-These directories are not searched for merging the @file{dir} file.
-
-@item Info-mode-hook
-Hooks run when @code{Info-mode} is called. By default, it contains
-the hook @code{turn-on-font-lock} which enables highlighting of Info
-files. You can change how the highlighting looks by customizing the
-faces @code{info-node}, @code{info-xref}, @code{info-xref-visited},
-@code{info-header-xref}, @code{info-header-node}, @code{info-menu-header},
-@code{info-menu-star}, and @code{info-title-@var{n}} (where @var{n}
-is the level of the section, a number between 1 and 4). To customize
-a face, type @kbd{M-x customize-face @key{RET} @var{face} @key{RET}},
-where @var{face} is one of the face names listed here.
-
-@item Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size
-Maximum size of menu to fontify if @code{font-lock-mode} is non-@code{nil}.
-
-@item Info-fontify-visited-nodes
-If non-@code{nil}, menu items and cross-references pointing to visited
-nodes are displayed in the @code{info-xref-visited} face.
-
-@item Info-use-header-line
-If non-@code{nil}, Emacs puts in the Info buffer a header line showing
-the @samp{Next}, @samp{Prev}, and @samp{Up} links. A header line does
-not scroll with the rest of the buffer, making these links always
-visible.
-
-@item Info-hide-note-references
-As explained in earlier nodes, the Emacs version of Info normally
-hides some text in menus and cross-references. You can completely
-disable this feature, by setting this option to @code{nil}. Setting
-it to a value that is neither @code{nil} nor @code{t} produces an
-intermediate behavior, hiding a limited amount of text, but showing
-all text that could potentially be useful.
-
-@item Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes
-If set to a non-@code{nil} value, @key{SPC} and @key{BACKSPACE} (or
-@key{DEL}) keys in a menu visit subnodes of the current node before
-scrolling to its end or beginning, respectively. For example, if the
-node's menu appears on the screen, the next @key{SPC} moves to a
-subnode indicated by the following menu item. Setting this option to
-@code{nil} results in behavior similar to the stand-alone Info reader
-program, which visits the first subnode from the menu only when you
-hit the end of the current node. The default is @code{nil}.
-
-@item Info-isearch-search
-If non-@code{nil}, isearch in Info searches through multiple nodes.
-
-@item Info-enable-active-nodes
-When set to a non-@code{nil} value, allows Info to execute Lisp code
-associated with nodes. The Lisp code is executed when the node is
-selected. The Lisp code to be executed should follow the node
-delimiter (the @samp{DEL} character) and an @samp{execute: } tag, like
-this:
-
-@example
-^_execute: (message "This is an active node!")
-@end example
-
-@item Info-enable-edit
-Set to @code{nil}, disables the @samp{e} (@code{Info-edit}) command. A
-non-@code{nil} value enables it. @xref{Add, Edit}.
-@end vtable
-
-
-@node Creating an Info File
-@chapter Creating an Info File from a Texinfo File
-
-@code{makeinfo} is a utility that converts a Texinfo file into an Info
-file; @code{texinfo-format-region} and @code{texinfo-format-buffer} are
-GNU Emacs functions that do the same.
-
-@xref{Top,, Overview of Texinfo, texinfo, Texinfo: The GNU
-Documentation Format}, to learn how to write a Texinfo file.
-
-@xref{Creating an Info File,,, texinfo, Texinfo: The GNU Documentation
-Format}, to learn how to create an Info file from a Texinfo file.
-
-@xref{Installing an Info File,,, texinfo, Texinfo: The GNU
-Documentation Format}, to learn how to install an Info file after you
-have created one.
-
@node Index
@unnumbered Index