@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,97,2000,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001,
+@c 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Basic, Minibuffer, Exiting, Top
@chapter Basic Editing Commands
@kindex RIGHT
@kindex UP
@kindex DOWN
-@findex beginning-of-line
+@findex move-beginning-of-line
@findex move-end-of-line
@findex forward-char
@findex backward-char
@findex move-to-window-line
@table @kbd
@item C-a
-Move to the beginning of the line (@code{beginning-of-line}).
+Move to the beginning of the line (@code{move-beginning-of-line}).
@item C-e
Move to the end of the line (@code{move-end-of-line}).
@item C-f
@item M-x goto-char
Read a number @var{n} and move point to buffer position @var{n}.
Position 1 is the beginning of the buffer.
-@item M-x goto-line
-Read a number @var{n} and move point to line number @var{n}. Line 1
-is the beginning of the buffer.
+@item M-g M-g
+@itemx M-g g
+@itemx M-x goto-line
+Read a number @var{n} and move point to the beginning of line number
+@var{n}. Line 1 is the beginning of the buffer. If point is on or
+just after a number, then that is the default for @var{n}, if you just
+press @key{RET} with an empty minibuffer.
@item C-x C-n
@findex set-goal-column
@kindex C-x C-n
@xref{Variables}, for how to set variables such as @code{track-eol}.
@vindex next-line-add-newlines
- @kbd{C-n} normally stops at the end of the bufer when you use it on
+ @kbd{C-n} normally stops at the end of the buffer when you use it on
the last line of the buffer. But if you set the variable
@code{next-line-add-newlines} to a non-@code{nil} value, @kbd{C-n} on
the last line of a buffer creates an additional line at the end and
If all recorded changes have already been undone, the undo command
displays an error message and does nothing.
+@findex undo-only
Any command other than an undo command breaks the sequence of undo
commands. Starting from that moment, the previous undo commands become
ordinary changes that you can undo. Thus, to redo changes you have
undone, type @kbd{C-f} or any other command that will harmlessly break
-the sequence of undoing, then type more undo commands.
+the sequence of undoing, then type more undo commands. On the other
+hand, if you want to ignore previous undo commands, use @kbd{M-x
+undo-only}. This is like @code{undo}, but will not redo changes
+you have just undone.
@cindex selective undo
@kindex C-u C-x u
You can make several blank lines by typing @kbd{C-o} several times, or
by giving it a numeric argument to tell it how many blank lines to make.
-@xref{Arguments}, for how. If you have a fill prefix, then @kbd{C-o}
+@xref{Arguments}, for how. If you have a fill prefix, the @kbd{C-o}
command inserts the fill prefix on the new line, when you use it at the
beginning of a line. @xref{Fill Prefix}.
a line gets too long. Continuation on the screen does not do that. Use
Auto Fill mode (@pxref{Filling}) if that's what you want.
-@vindex truncate-lines
@cindex truncation
@cindex line truncation, and fringes
As an alternative to continuation, Emacs can display long lines by
@dfn{truncation}. This means that all the characters that do not fit
-in the width of the screen or window do not appear at all. They
-remain in the buffer, temporarily invisible. On terminals, @samp{$}
-in the last column informs you that the line has been truncated on the
-display. On window systems, a small straight arrow in the fringe to
-the right of the window indicates a truncated line.
+in the width of the screen or window do not appear at all. @samp{$}
+in the last column or a small straight arrow in the fringe to the
+right of the window indicates a truncated line.
-@findex toggle-truncate-lines
- Truncation instead of continuation happens whenever horizontal
-scrolling is in use, and optionally in all side-by-side windows
-(@pxref{Windows}). You can enable or disable truncation for a
-particular buffer with the command @kbd{M-x toggle-truncate-lines}.
-
- @xref{Display Custom}, for additional variables that affect how text is
-displayed.
+ @xref{Display Custom}, for more information about line truncation,
+and other variables that affect how text is displayed.
@node Position Info
@section Cursor Position Information
@cindex location of point
@cindex cursor location
@cindex point location
- There are two commands for working with line numbers. @kbd{M-x
-what-line} computes the current line number and displays it in the echo
-area. To go to a given line by number, use @kbd{M-x goto-line}; it
-prompts you for the number. These line numbers count from one at the
-beginning of the buffer.
-
- You can also see the current line number in the mode line; see @ref{Mode
-Line}. If you narrow the buffer, then the line number in the mode line
-is relative to the accessible portion (@pxref{Narrowing}). By contrast,
-@code{what-line} shows both the line number relative to the narrowed
-region and the line number relative to the whole buffer.
+ @kbd{M-x what-line} computes the current line number and displays it
+in the echo area. You can also see the current line number in the
+mode line; see @ref{Mode Line}. If you narrow the buffer, then the
+line number in the mode line is relative to the accessible portion
+(@pxref{Narrowing}). By contrast, @code{what-line} shows both the
+line number relative to the narrowed region and the line number
+relative to the whole buffer.
@kbd{M-x what-page} counts pages from the beginning of the file, and
counts lines within the page, showing both numbers in the echo area.
that looks like this:
@smallexample
-Char: c (0143, 99, 0x63) point=21044 of 26883(78%) column 53
+Char: c (99, #o143, #x63) point=28062 of 36168 (78%) column=53
@end smallexample
-@noindent
-(In fact, this is the output produced when point is before the
-@samp{column} in the example.)
-
The four values after @samp{Char:} describe the character that follows
point, first by showing it and then by giving its character code in
-octal, decimal and hex. For a non-@acronym{ASCII} multibyte character, these are
-followed by @samp{ext} and the character's representation, in hex, in
+decimal, octal and hex. For a non-@acronym{ASCII} multibyte character, these are
+followed by @samp{file} and the character's representation, in hex, in
the buffer's coding system, if that coding system encodes the character
safely and with a single byte (@pxref{Coding Systems}). If the
-character's encoding is longer than one byte, Emacs shows @samp{ext ...}.
+character's encoding is longer than one byte, Emacs shows @samp{file ...}.
+
+ However, if the character displayed is in the range 0200 through
+0377 octal, it may actually stand for an invalid UTF-8 byte read from
+a file. In Emacs, that byte is represented as a sequence of 8-bit
+characters, but all of them together display as the original invalid
+byte, in octal code. In this case, @kbd{C-x =} shows @samp{part of
+display ...} instead of @samp{file}.
@samp{point=} is followed by the position of point expressed as a character
count. The front of the buffer counts as position 1, one character later
in the buffer. Afterward in parentheses comes the position expressed as a
percentage of the total size.
- @samp{column} is followed by the horizontal position of point, in
+ @samp{column=} is followed by the horizontal position of point, in
columns from the left edge of the window.
If the buffer has been narrowed, making some of the text at the
might display this:
@smallexample
-Char: C (0103, 67, 0x43) point=252 of 889(28%) <231 - 599> column 0
+Char: C (67, #o103, #x43) point=252 of 889 (28%) <231-599> column=0
@end smallexample
@noindent
point. The output might look like this:
@smallexample
-point=26957 of 26956(100%) column 0
+point=36169 of 36168 (EOB) column=0
@end smallexample
@cindex character set of character at point
@cindex font of character at point
@cindex text properties at point
- @w{@kbd{C-u C-x =}} displays additional information about a
-character, including the character set name and the codes that
-identify the character within that character set; @acronym{ASCII} characters are
-identified as belonging to the @code{ascii} character set. It also
-shows the character's syntax, categories, and encodings both
-internally in the buffer and externally if you save the file. It also
-shows the character's text properties (@pxref{Text Properties,,,
+ @w{@kbd{C-u C-x =}} displays the following additional information about a
+character.
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+The character set name, and the codes that identify the character
+within that character set; @acronym{ASCII} characters are identified
+as belonging to the @code{ascii} character set.
+
+@item
+The character's syntax and categories.
+
+@item
+The character's encodings, both internally in the buffer, and externally
+if you were to save the file.
+
+@item
+What to type to input the character in the current input method
+(if it supports the character).
+
+@item
+If you are running Emacs on a window system, the font name and glyph
+code for the character. If you are running Emacs on a terminal, the
+code(s) sent to the terminal.
+
+@item
+The character's text properties (@pxref{Text Properties,,,
elisp, the Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}), and any overlays containing it
(@pxref{Overlays,,, elisp, the same manual}).
+@end itemize
Here's an example showing the Latin-1 character A with grave accent,
-in a buffer whose coding system is @code{iso-2022-7bit}, whose
+in a buffer whose coding system is @code{iso-latin-1}, whose
terminal coding system is @code{iso-latin-1} (so the terminal actually
displays the character as @samp{@`A}), and which has font-lock-mode
(@pxref{Font Lock}) enabled:
@smallexample
- character: @`A (04300, 2240, 0x8c0)
- charset: latin-iso8859-1
- (Right-Hand Part of Latin Alphabet 1@dots{}
- code point: 64
- syntax: w which means: word
- category: l:Latin
- buffer code: 0x81 0xC0
- file code: ESC 2C 41 40 (encoded by coding system iso-2022-7bit)
-terminal code: C0
-
-Text properties
- font-lock-face: font-lock-variable-name-face
- fontified: t
+ character: @`A (2240, #o4300, #x8c0, U+00C0)
+ charset: [latin-iso8859-1]
+ (Right-Hand Part of Latin Alphabet 1@dots{}
+ code point: [64]
+ syntax: w which means: word
+ category: l:Latin
+ to input: type "`A" with [latin-1-prefix]
+buffer code: #x81 #xC0
+ file code: ESC #x2C #x41 #x40 (encoded by coding system iso-2022-7bit)
+ display: terminal code #xC0
+
+There are text properties here:
+ fontified t
@end smallexample
@node Arguments