Copyright (C) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
-identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
-paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
-in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
-distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
-included in a translation approved by the author instead of in the
-original English.
+
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
+Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
+license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
+License'' in the Emacs manual.
+
+(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
+this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
+Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
+
+This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
+Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
+separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
+license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
@end ifinfo
@titlepage
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
Copyright @copyright{} 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
-identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
-paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
-in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
-distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
-included in a translation approved by the author instead of in the
-original English.
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
+Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU
+Manual'', and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
+license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation
+License'' in the Emacs manual.
+
+(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify
+this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free
+Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.''
+
+This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free
+Documentation License. If you want to distribute this document
+separately from the collection, you can do so by adding a copy of the
+license to the document, as described in section 6 of the license.
@end titlepage
@node Top, Overview, (dir), (dir)
@example
eql floatp-safe endp
evenp oddp plusp minusp
-butlast nbutlast caaar .. cddddr
+caaar .. cddddr
list* ldiff rest first .. tenth
copy-list subst mapcar* [2]
adjoin [3] acons pairlis pop [4]
keep both @code{find-thing} and @code{member*} from complaining
about each others' keywords in the arguments.
-As a (significant) performance optimization, this package
-implements the scan for keyword arguments by calling @code{memq}
-to search for keywords in a ``rest'' argument. Technically
-speaking, this is incorrect, since @code{memq} looks at the
-odd-numbered values as well as the even-numbered keywords.
-The net effect is that if you happen to pass a keyword symbol
-as the @emph{value} of another keyword argument, where that
-keyword symbol happens to equal the name of a valid keyword
-argument of the same function, then the keyword parser will
-become confused. This minor bug can only affect you if you
-use keyword symbols as general-purpose data in your program;
-this practice is strongly discouraged in Emacs Lisp.
-
The fifth section of the argument list consists of @dfn{auxiliary
variables}. These are not really arguments at all, but simply
variables which are bound to @code{nil} or to the specified
except that it does not handle the optional argument @var{n}.
@end defun
-@defun butlast x &optional n
-This function returns the list @var{x} with the last element,
-or the last @var{n} elements, removed. If @var{n} is greater
-than zero it makes a copy of the list so as not to damage the
-original list. In general, @code{(append (butlast @var{x} @var{n})
-(last @var{x} @var{n}))} will return a list equal to @var{x}.
-@end defun
-
-@defun nbutlast x &optional n
-This is a version of @code{butlast} that works by destructively
-modifying the @code{cdr} of the appropriate element, rather than
-making a copy of the list.
-@end defun
-
@defun list* arg &rest others
This function constructs a list of its arguments. The final
argument becomes the @code{cdr} of the last cell constructed.
Common Lisp compliance has in general not been sacrificed for the
sake of efficiency. A few exceptions have been made for cases
where substantial gains were possible at the expense of marginal
-incompatibility. One example is the use of @code{memq} (which is
-treated very efficiently by the byte-compiler) to scan for keyword
-arguments; this can become confused in rare cases when keyword
-symbols are used as both keywords and data values at once. This
-is extremely unlikely to occur in practical code, and the use of
-@code{memq} allows functions with keyword arguments to be nearly
-as fast as functions that use @code{&optional} arguments.
+incompatibility.
The Common Lisp standard (as embodied in Steele's book) uses the
phrase ``it is an error if'' to indicate a situation which is not
keyword does not work in @code{defmacro} argument lists (except
inside recursive argument lists).
-In order to allow an efficient implementation, keyword arguments use
-a slightly cheesy parser which may be confused if a keyword symbol
-is passed as the @emph{value} of another keyword argument.
-(Specifically, @code{(memq :@var{keyword} @var{rest-of-arguments})}
-is used to scan for @code{:@var{keyword}} among the supplied
-keyword arguments.)
-
The @code{eql} and @code{equal} predicates do not distinguish
between IEEE floating-point plus and minus zero. The @code{equalp}
predicate has several differences with Common Lisp; @pxref{Predicates}.