@c This is part of the Emacs manual.
-@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2001-2012
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1985-1987, 1993-1995, 1997, 2001-2015 Free Software
+@c Foundation, Inc.
@c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions.
@node Glossary
@unnumbered Glossary
+@cindex glossary
@table @asis
-@anchor{Glossary - Abbrev}
+@anchor{Glossary---Abbrev}
@item Abbrev
An abbrev is a text string that expands into a different text string
when present in the buffer. For example, you might define a few letters
commands @kbd{C-]} and @kbd{M-x top-level} are used for this.
@xref{Quitting}.
-@c FIXME? Active Region
+@item Active Region
+Setting the mark (q.v.@:) at a position in the text also activates it.
+When the mark is active, we call the region an active region.
+@xref{Mark}.
@item Alt
Alt is the name of a modifier bit that a keyboard input character may
-have. To make a character Alt, type it while holding down the @key{ALT}
-key. Such characters are given names that start with @kbd{Alt-}
+have. To make a character Alt, type it while holding down the @key{Alt}
+key. Such characters are given names that start with @kbd{@key{Alt}-}
(usually written @kbd{A-} for short). (Note that many terminals have a
-key labeled @key{ALT} that is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User
+key labeled @key{Alt} that is really a @key{META} key.) @xref{User
Input, Alt}.
@item Argument
-@xref{Glossary - Numeric Argument}.
+@xref{Glossary---Numeric Argument}.
@item @acronym{ASCII} character
An @acronym{ASCII} character is either an @acronym{ASCII} control
A backtrace is a trace of a series of function calls showing how a
program arrived at a certain point. It is used mainly for finding and
correcting bugs (q.v.). Emacs can display a backtrace when it signals
-an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (@pxref{Glossary - Quitting}).
+an error or when you type @kbd{C-g} (@pxref{Glossary---Quitting}).
@xref{Checklist}.
@item Backup File
that matches the one you just inserted, or inserting the matching
delimiter for you (@pxref{Matching,,Matching Parens}).
-@anchor{Glossary - Balanced Expression}
+@anchor{Glossary---Balanced Expression}
@item Balanced Expressions
A balanced expression is a syntactically recognizable expression, such
as a symbol, number, string constant, block, or parenthesized expression
in C@. @xref{Expressions,Balanced Expressions}.
@item Balloon Help
-@xref{Glossary - Tooltips}.
+@xref{Glossary---Tooltips}.
@item Base Buffer
A base buffer is a buffer whose text is shared by an indirect buffer
To bind a key sequence means to give it a binding (q.v.).
@xref{Rebinding}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Binding}
+@anchor{Glossary---Binding}
@item Binding
A key sequence gets its meaning in Emacs by having a binding, which is a
command (q.v.), a Lisp function that is run when you type that
right away when you press down on a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}.
@item By Default
-@xref{Glossary - Default}.
+@xref{Glossary---Default}.
@item Byte Compilation
-@xref{Glossary - Compilation}.
+@xref{Glossary---Compilation}.
-@anchor{Glossary - C-}
+@anchor{Glossary---C-}
@item @kbd{C-}
@kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control.
@xref{User Input,C-}.
particular alphabet or script. @xref{International}.
@item Character Terminal
-@xref{Glossary - Text Terminal}.
+@xref{Glossary---Text Terminal}.
@item Click Event
A click event is the kind of input event (q.v.@:) generated when you
@xref{Mouse Buttons}.
@item Client
-@xref{Glossary - Server}.
+@xref{Glossary---Server}.
@item Clipboard
A clipboard is a buffer provided by the window system for transferring
the command to run. @xref{Commands}.
@item Command History
-@xref{Glossary - Minibuffer History}.
+@xref{Glossary---Minibuffer History}.
@item Command Name
A command name is the name of a Lisp symbol that is a command
than Emacs Lisp. Emacs provides a subset of Common Lisp in the CL
package. @xref{Top, Common Lisp, Overview, cl, Common Lisp Extensions}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Compilation}
+@anchor{Glossary---Compilation}
@item Compilation
Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source
code. Emacs has commands for compiling files of Emacs Lisp code
minibuffer (q.v.@:) arguments when the set of possible valid inputs
is known; for example, on command names, buffer names, and
file names. Completion usually occurs when @key{TAB}, @key{SPC} or
-@key{RET} is typed. @xref{Completion}.@refill
+@key{RET} is typed. @xref{Completion}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Continuation Line}
+@anchor{Glossary---Continuation Line}
@item Continuation Line
When a line of text is longer than the width of the window, it
-normally (but see @ref{Glossary - Truncation}) takes up more than one
+normally (but see @ref{Glossary---Truncation}) takes up more than one
screen line when displayed. We say that the text line is continued, and all
screen lines used for it after the first are called continuation
lines. @xref{Continuation Lines}. A related Emacs feature is
@item Control Character
A control character is a character that you type by holding down the
-@key{CTRL} key. Some control characters also have their own keys, so
-that you can type them without using @key{CTRL}. For example,
+@key{Ctrl} key. Some control characters also have their own keys, so
+that you can type them without using @key{Ctrl}. For example,
@key{RET}, @key{TAB}, @key{ESC} and @key{DEL} are all control
characters. @xref{User Input}.
The particular form of copyleft used by the GNU project is called the
GNU General Public License. @xref{Copying}.
-@item @key{CTRL}
-The @key{CTRL} or ``control'' key is what you hold down
-in order to enter a control character (q.v.). @xref{Glossary - C-}.
+@item @key{Ctrl}
+The @key{Ctrl} or ``control'' key is what you hold down
+in order to enter a control character (q.v.). @xref{Glossary---C-}.
@item Current Buffer
The current buffer in Emacs is the Emacs buffer on which most editing
@cindex cut and paste
@item Cut and Paste
-@xref{Glossary - Killing}, and @ref{Glossary - Yanking}.
+@xref{Glossary---Killing}, and @ref{Glossary---Yanking}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Daemon}
+@anchor{Glossary---Daemon}
@item Daemon
A daemon is a standard term for a system-level process that runs in the
background. Daemons are often started when the system first starts up.
the default argument is used if you just type @key{RET}.
@xref{Minibuffer}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Default}
+@anchor{Glossary---Default}
@item Default
A default is the value that is used for a certain purpose when
you do not explicitly specify a value to use.
@item @key{DEL}
@key{DEL} is a character that runs the command to delete one character
-of text before the cursor. It is typically either the @key{DELETE}
+of text before the cursor. It is typically either the @key{Delete}
key or the @key{BACKSPACE} key, whichever one is easy to type.
@xref{Erasing,DEL}.
Deletion means erasing text without copying it into the kill ring
(q.v.). The alternative is killing (q.v.). @xref{Killing,Deletion}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Deletion of Files}
+@anchor{Glossary---Deletion of Files}
@item Deletion of Files
Deleting a file means erasing it from the file system.
(Note that some systems use the concept of a ``trash can'', or ``recycle
you can place individual files or subdirectories. They are sometimes
referred to as ``folders''. @xref{Directories}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Directory Local Variable}
+@anchor{Glossary---Directory Local Variable}
@item Directory Local Variable
A directory local variable is a local variable (q.v.@:) that applies
to all the files within a certain directory. @xref{Directory
particular delimiter characters to reindent the line, or insert one or
more newlines in addition to self-insertion.
-@anchor{Glossary - End Of Line}
+@anchor{Glossary---End Of Line}
@item End Of Line
End of line is a character or a sequence of characters that indicate
the end of a text line. On GNU and Unix systems, this is a newline
@xref{Environment}.
@item EOL
-@xref{Glossary - End Of Line}.
+@xref{Glossary---End Of Line}.
@item Error
An error occurs when an Emacs command cannot execute in the current
it applies to the next character you type.
@item Expression
-@xref{Glossary - Balanced Expression}.
+@xref{Glossary---Balanced Expression}.
@item Expunging
Expunging an Rmail, Gnus newsgroup, or Dired buffer is an operation
@item File Local Variable
A file local variable is a local variable (q.v.@:) specified in a
-given file. @xref{File Variables}, and @ref{Glossary - Directory
+given file. @xref{File Variables}, and @ref{Glossary---Directory
Local Variable}.
-@anchor{Glossary - File Locking}
+@anchor{Glossary---File Locking}
@item File Locking
Emacs uses file locking to notice when two different users
start to edit one file at the same time. @xref{Interlocking}.
of each line when filling is done. It is not regarded as part of the
text to be filled. @xref{Filling}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Filling}
+@anchor{Glossary---Filling}
@item Filling
Filling text means adjusting the position of line-breaks to shift text
between consecutive lines, so that all the lines are approximately the
same length. @xref{Filling}. Some other editors call this feature
``line wrapping''.
-@anchor{Glossary - Font Lock}
+@anchor{Glossary---Font Lock}
@item Font Lock
Font Lock is a mode that highlights parts of buffer text in different
faces, according to the syntax. Some other editors refer to this as
fontset, rather than changing each font separately. @xref{Fontsets}.
@item Formfeed Character
-@xref{Glossary - Page}.
+@xref{Glossary---Page}.
@item Frame
A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out
(q.v.), and distributed under a copyleft (q.v.@:) license called the
GNU General Public License. @xref{Copying}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Free Software Foundation}
+@anchor{Glossary---Free Software Foundation}
@item Free Software Foundation
The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a charitable foundation
dedicated to promoting the development of free software (q.v.).
special face (q.v.@:) called @code{fringe}. @xref{Faces,fringe}.
@item FSF
-@xref{Glossary - Free Software Foundation}.
+@xref{Glossary---Free Software Foundation}.
@item FTP
FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. This is one standard
The global mark ring records the series of buffers you have recently
set a mark (q.v.@:) in. In many cases you can use this to backtrack
through buffers you have been editing, or in which you have found
-tags (@pxref{Glossary - Tags Table}). @xref{Global Mark Ring}.
+tags (@pxref{Glossary---Tags Table}). @xref{Global Mark Ring}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Global Substitution}
+@anchor{Glossary---Global Substitution}
@item Global Substitution
Global substitution means replacing each occurrence of one string by
another string throughout a large amount of text. @xref{Replace}.
Emacs uses highlighting in several ways. It highlights the region
whenever it is active (@pxref{Mark}). Incremental search also
-highlights matches (@pxref{Incremental Search}). @xref{Glossary - Font Lock}.
+highlights matches (@pxref{Incremental Search}). @xref{Glossary---Font Lock}.
@item Hardcopy
Hardcopy means printed output. Emacs has various commands for
@item Hyper
Hyper is the name of a modifier bit that a keyboard input character may
have. To make a character Hyper, type it while holding down the
-@key{HYPER} key. Such characters are given names that start with
+@key{Hyper} key. Such characters are given names that start with
@kbd{Hyper-} (usually written @kbd{H-} for short). @xref{User Input}.
@item Iff
mail is then stored permanently or until explicitly deleted.
@xref{Rmail Inbox}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Incremental Search}
+@anchor{Glossary---Incremental Search}
@item Incremental Search
Emacs provides an incremental search facility, whereby Emacs begins
searching for a string as soon as you type the first character.
or from some other place in Emacs.
@item Interlocking
-@xref{Glossary - File Locking}.
+@xref{Glossary---File Locking}.
@item Isearch
-@xref{Glossary - Incremental Search}.
+@xref{Glossary---Incremental Search}.
@item Justification
Justification means adding extra spaces within lines of text in order
to adjust the position of the text edges. @xref{Fill Commands}.
@item Key Binding
-@xref{Glossary - Binding}.
+@xref{Glossary---Binding}.
@item Keyboard Macro
Keyboard macros are a way of defining new Emacs commands from
@item Keyboard Shortcut
A keyboard shortcut is a key sequence (q.v.@:) that invokes a
command. What some programs call ``assigning a keyboard shortcut'',
-Emacs calls ``binding a key sequence''. @xref{Glossary - Binding}.
+Emacs calls ``binding a key sequence''. @xref{Glossary---Binding}.
@item Key Sequence
A key sequence (key, for short) is a sequence of input events (q.v.@:)
key sequences.
@item Kill Ring
-The kill ring is where all text you have killed (@pxref{Glossary - Killing})
+The kill ring is where all text you have killed (@pxref{Glossary---Killing})
recently is saved. You can reinsert any of the killed text still in
the ring; this is called yanking (q.v.). @xref{Yanking}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Killing}
+@anchor{Glossary---Killing}
@item Killing
Killing means erasing text and saving it on the kill ring so it can be
yanked (q.v.@:) later. Some other systems call this ``cutting''.
@c Lexical Binding
@item Line Wrapping
-@xref{Glossary - Filling}.
+@xref{Glossary---Filling}.
@item Lisp
Lisp is a programming language. Most of Emacs is written in a dialect
@xref{Locals}.
@item @kbd{M-}
-@kbd{M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @key{META},
+@kbd{M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @key{Meta},
one of the modifier keys that can accompany any character.
@xref{User Input,M-}.
name. This is how you run commands that are not bound to key sequences.
@xref{M-x,M-x,Running Commands by Name}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Mail}
+@anchor{Glossary---Mail}
@item Mail
Mail means messages sent from one user to another through the computer
system, to be read at the recipient's convenience. Emacs has commands for
which configures Emacs for editing a certain sort of text. Ideally,
each programming language has its own major mode. @xref{Major Modes}.
+@c FIXME: Mention margins for filling?
@item Margin
The space between the usable part of a window (including the
fringe) and the window edge.
a keyboard interface to navigate it. @xref{Menu Bars}.
@item Message
-@xref{Glossary - Mail}.
+@xref{Glossary---Mail}.
@item Meta
Meta is the name of a modifier bit which you can use in a command
-character. To enter a meta character, you hold down the @key{META}
+character. To enter a meta character, you hold down the @key{Meta}
key while typing the character. We refer to such characters with
names that start with @kbd{Meta-} (usually written @kbd{M-} for
-short). For example, @kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{META}
+short). For example, @kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{Meta}
and at the same time typing @kbd{<} (which itself is done, on most
terminals, by holding down @key{SHIFT} and typing @kbd{,}).
@xref{User Input,Meta}.
-On some terminals, the @key{META} key is actually labeled @key{ALT}
-or @key{EDIT}.
+On some terminals, the @key{Meta} key is actually labeled @key{Alt}
+or @key{Edit}.
@item Meta Character
A Meta character is one whose character code includes the Meta bit.
echo area (q.v.), used for reading arguments to commands.
@xref{Minibuffer}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Minibuffer History}
+@anchor{Glossary---Minibuffer History}
@item Minibuffer History
The minibuffer history records the text you have specified in the past
for minibuffer arguments, so you can conveniently use the same text
yanking (q.v.@:) it. @xref{Killing}.
@item MULE
-MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing multilingual
-non-@acronym{ASCII} text using multibyte characters (q.v.).
-@xref{International}.
+@cindex MULE
+Prior to Emacs 23, @acronym{MULE} was the name of a software package
+which provided a @dfn{MULtilingual Enhancement} to Emacs, by adding
+support for multiple character sets (q.v.). @acronym{MULE} was later
+integrated into Emacs, and much of it was replaced when Emacs gained
+internal Unicode support in version 23.
+
+Some parts of Emacs that deal with character set support still use the
+@acronym{MULE} name. @xref{International}.
@item Multibyte Character
A multibyte character is a character that takes up several bytes in a
@item Newline
Control-J characters in the buffer terminate lines of text and are
-therefore also called newlines. @xref{Glossary - End Of Line}.
+therefore also called newlines. @xref{Glossary---End Of Line}.
@cindex nil
@cindex t
@code{nil} is a value usually interpreted as a logical ``false''. Its
opposite is @code{t}, interpreted as ``true''.
-@anchor{Glossary - Numeric Argument}
+@anchor{Glossary---Numeric Argument}
@item Numeric Argument
A numeric argument is a number, specified before a command, to change
the effect of the command. Often the numeric argument serves as a
automatically install from within Emacs. Packages provide a
convenient way to add new features. @xref{Packages}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Page}
+@anchor{Glossary---Page}
@item Page
A page is a unit of text, delimited by formfeed characters (@acronym{ASCII}
control-L, code 014) at the beginning of a line. Some Emacs
point. @xref{Point}.
@item Prefix Argument
-@xref{Glossary - Numeric Argument}.
+@xref{Glossary---Numeric Argument}.
@item Prefix Key
A prefix key is a key sequence (q.v.@:) whose sole function is to
Query-replace is an interactive string replacement feature provided by
Emacs. @xref{Query Replace}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Quitting}
+@anchor{Glossary---Quitting}
@item Quitting
Quitting means canceling a partially typed command or a running
command, using @kbd{C-g} (or @kbd{C-@key{BREAK}} on MS-DOS). @xref{Quitting}.
@xref{Screen,Redisplay}.
@item Regexp
-@xref{Glossary - Regular Expression}.
+@xref{Glossary---Regular Expression}.
@item Region
The region is the text between point (q.v.@:) and the mark (q.v.).
rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. A related
Emacs feature is `bookmarks' (q.v.).
-@anchor{Glossary - Regular Expression}
+@anchor{Glossary---Regular Expression}
@item Regular Expression
A regular expression is a pattern that can match various text strings;
for example, @samp{a[0-9]+} matches @samp{a} followed by one or more
@xref{Remote Files}.
@item Repeat Count
-@xref{Glossary - Numeric Argument}.
+@xref{Glossary---Numeric Argument}.
@item Replacement
-@xref{Glossary - Global Substitution}.
+@xref{Glossary---Global Substitution}.
@item Restriction
A buffer's restriction is the amount of text, at the beginning or the
Emacs has commands for moving by or killing by sentences.
@xref{Sentences}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Server}
+@anchor{Glossary---Server}
@item Server
Within Emacs, you can start a `server' process, which listens for
connections from `clients'. This offers a faster alternative to
starting several Emacs instances. @xref{Emacs Server}, and
-@ref{Glossary - Daemon}.
+@ref{Glossary---Daemon}.
@c This is only covered in the lispref, not the user manual.
@ignore
allowed as well.
@item String Substitution
-@xref{Glossary - Global Substitution}.
+@xref{Glossary---Global Substitution}.
@item Syntax Highlighting
-@xref{Glossary - Font Lock}.
+@xref{Glossary---Font Lock}.
@item Syntax Table
The syntax table tells Emacs which characters are part of a word,
@key{TAB} is the tab character. In Emacs it is typically used for
indentation or completion.
-@anchor{Glossary - Tags Table}
+@anchor{Glossary---Tags Table}
@item Tags Table
A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function
definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}.
or following the stylistic conventions of human language.
@end itemize
-@anchor{Glossary - Text Terminal}
+@anchor{Glossary---Text Terminal}
@item Text Terminal
A text terminal, or character terminal, is a display that is limited
to displaying text in character units. Such a terminal cannot control
You can think of this as a graphical relative of the menu bar (q.v.).
@xref{Tool Bars}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Tooltips}
+@anchor{Glossary---Tooltips}
@item Tooltips
Tooltips are small windows displaying a help echo (q.v.@:) text, which
explains parts of the display, lists useful options available via mouse
(q.v.), and not in the middle of a command. You can get back to top
level by aborting (q.v.@:) and quitting (q.v.). @xref{Quitting}.
-@c FIXME? Transient Mark Mode
+@item Transient Mark Mode
+The default behavior of the mark (q.v.@:) and region (q.v.), in which
+setting the mark activates it and highlights the region, is called
+Transient Mark mode. In GNU Emacs 23 and onwards, it is enabled by
+default. @xref{Disabled Transient Mark}.
@item Transposition
Transposing two units of text means putting each one into the place
(@pxref{Transpose}).
@item Trash Can
-@xref{Glossary - Deletion of Files}.
+@xref{Glossary---Deletion of Files}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Truncation}
+@anchor{Glossary---Truncation}
@item Truncation
Truncating text lines in the display means leaving out any text on a
line that does not fit within the right margin of the window
displaying it. @xref{Continuation Lines,Truncation}, and
-@ref{Glossary - Continuation Line}.
+@ref{Glossary---Continuation Line}.
@item TTY
-@xref{Glossary - Text Terminal}.
+@xref{Glossary---Text Terminal}.
@item Undoing
Undoing means making your previous editing go in reverse, bringing
include a window system.
@item Word Abbrev
-@xref{Glossary - Abbrev}.
+@xref{Glossary---Abbrev}.
@item Word Search
Word search is searching for a sequence of words, considering the
punctuation between them as insignificant. @xref{Word Search}.
-@anchor{Glossary - Yanking}
+@anchor{Glossary---Yanking}
@item Yanking
Yanking means reinserting text previously killed (q.v.). It can be
used to undo a mistaken kill, or for copying or moving text. Some