-;;; calc.el ---
+;;; calc.el --- the GNU Emacs calculator
-;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+;; Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;; Author: David Gillespie <daveg@synaptics.com>
;; Maintainer: Colin Walters <walters@debian.org>
;; Keywords: convenience, extensions
+;; Version: 2.02g
;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
;;; Commentary:
-;;; Calc is split into many files. This file is the main entry point.
-;;; This file includes autoload commands for various other basic Calc
-;;; facilities. The more advanced features are based in calc-ext, which
-;;; in turn contains autoloads for the rest of the Calc files. This
-;;; odd set of interactions is designed to make Calc's loading time
-;;; be as short as possible when only simple calculations are needed.
-
-;;; Suggested usage:
-;;;
-;;; (autoload 'calc-dispatch "calc" "Emacs Calculator" t nil)
-;;; (global-set-key "\e#" 'calc-dispatch)
-;;; Type `M-# M-#' to start.
-;;;
-;;; The Calc home directory must be added to the Emacs load-path:
-;;;
-;;; (setq load-path (cons "/x/y/z/calc" load-path))
-;;;
-;;; where "/x/y/z/calc" represents the full name of the Calc home directory.
-;;;
-;;; See the file INSTALL for a complete list of recommeded autoload
-;;; commands (though only calc-dispatch is absolutely necessary).
-
-
-;;; Author's address:
-;;; Dave Gillespie, daveg@synaptics.com, uunet!synaptx!daveg.
-;;; Synaptics, Inc., 2698 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134.
-;;;
-;;; The old address daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu will continue to
-;;; work for the foreseeable future.
-;;;
-;;; The latest version of Calc is always available from anonymous FTP
-;;; on csvax.cs.caltech.edu [131.215.131.131]; look in ~ftp/pub/calc*.
-;;; It should also be available on prep.ai.mit.edu.
-;;;
-;;; Bug reports and suggestions are always welcome!
-
-
-;;; All functions, macros, and Lisp variables defined here begin with one
-;;; of the prefixes "math", "Math", or "calc", with the exceptions of
-;;; "full-calc", "full-calc-keypad", "another-calc", "quick-calc",
-;;; "report-calc-bug", and "defmath". User-accessible variables begin
-;;; with "var-".
+;; Calc is split into many files. This file is the main entry point.
+;; This file includes autoload commands for various other basic Calc
+;; facilities. The more advanced features are based in calc-ext, which
+;; in turn contains autoloads for the rest of the Calc files. This
+;; odd set of interactions is designed to make Calc's loading time
+;; be as short as possible when only simple calculations are needed.
+
+;; Original author's address:
+;; Dave Gillespie, daveg@synaptics.com, uunet!synaptx!daveg.
+;; Synaptics, Inc., 2698 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, CA 95134.
+;;
+;; The old address daveg@csvax.cs.caltech.edu will continue to
+;; work for the foreseeable future.
+;;
+;; Bug reports and suggestions are always welcome! (Type M-x
+;; report-calc-bug to send them).
+
+;; All functions, macros, and Lisp variables defined here begin with one
+;; of the prefixes "math", "Math", or "calc", with the exceptions of
+;; "full-calc", "full-calc-keypad", "another-calc", "quick-calc",
+;; "report-calc-bug", and "defmath". User-accessible variables begin
+;; with "var-".
+
+;;; TODO:
+
+;; Fix rewrite mechanism to do less gratuitous rearrangement of terms.
+;; Implement a pattern-based "refers" predicate.
+;;
+;; Make it possible to Undo a selection command.
+;; Figure out how to allow selecting rows of matrices.
+;; If cursor was in selection before, move it after j n, j p, j L, etc.
+;; Consider reimplementing calc-delete-selection using rewrites.
+;;
+;; Implement line-breaking in non-flat compositions (is this desirable?).
+;; Implement matrix formatting with multi-line components.
+;;
+;; Have "Z R" define a user command based on a set of rewrite rules.
+;; Support "incf" and "decf" in defmath definitions.
+;; Have defmath generate calls to calc-binary-op or calc-unary-op.
+;; Make some way to define algebraic functions using keyboard macros.
+;;
+;; Allow calc-word-size=0 => Common Lisp-style signed bitwise arithmetic.
+;; Consider digamma function (and thus arb. prec. Euler's gamma constant).
+;; May as well make continued-fractions stuff available to the user.
+;;
+;; How about matrix eigenvalues, SVD, pseudo-inverse, etc.?
+;; Should cache matrix inverses as well as decompositions.
+;; If dividing by a non-square matrix, use least-squares automatically.
+;; Consider supporting matrix exponentials.
+;;
+;; Have ninteg detect and work around singularities at the endpoints.
+;; Use an adaptive subdivision algorithm for ninteg.
+;; Provide nsum and nprod to go along with ninteg.
+;;
+;; Handle TeX-mode parsing of \matrix{ ... } where ... contains braces.
+;; Support AmS-TeX's \{d,t,}frac, \{d,t,}binom notations.
+;; Format and parse sums and products in Eqn and Math modes.
+;;
+;; Get math-read-big-expr to read sums, products, etc.
+;; Change calc-grab-region to use math-read-big-expr.
+;; Have a way to define functions using := in Embedded Mode.
+;;
+;; Support polar plotting with GNUPLOT.
+;; Make a calc-graph-histogram function.
+;;
+;; Replace hokey formulas for complex functions with formulas designed
+;; to minimize roundoff while maintaining the proper branch cuts.
+;; Test accuracy of advanced math functions over whole complex plane.
+;; Extend Bessel functions to provide arbitrary precision.
+;; Extend advanced math functions to handle error forms and intervals.
+;; Provide a better implementation for math-sin-cos-raw.
+;; Provide a better implementation for math-hypot.
+;; Provide a better implementation for math-make-frac.
+;; Provide a better implementation for calcFunc-prfac.
+;; Provide a better implementation for calcFunc-factor.
+;;
+;; Provide more examples in the tutorial section of the manual.
+;; Cover in the tutorial: simplification modes, declarations,
+;; bitwise stuff, selections, matrix mapping, financial functions.
+;; Provide more Lisp programming examples in the manual.
+;; Finish the Internals section of the manual (and bring it up to date).
+;;
+;; Tim suggests adding spreadsheet-like features.
+;; Implement language modes for Gnuplot, Lisp, Ada, APL, ...?
+;;
+;; For atan series, if x > tan(pi/12) (about 0.268) reduce using the identity
+;; atan(x) = atan((x * sqrt(3) - 1) / (sqrt(3) + x)) + pi/6.
+;;
+;; A better integration algorithm:
+;; Use breadth-first instead of depth-first search, as follows:
+;; The integral cache allows unfinished integrals in symbolic notation
+;; on the righthand side. An entry with no unfinished integrals on the
+;; RHS is "complete"; references to it elsewhere are replaced by the
+;; integrated value. More than one cache entry for the same integral
+;; may exist, though if one becomes complete, the others may be deleted.
+;; The integrator works by using every applicable rule (such as
+;; substitution, parts, linearity, etc.) to generate possible righthand
+;; sides, all of which are entered into the cache. Now, as long as the
+;; target integral is not complete (and the time limit has not run out)
+;; choose an incomplete integral from the cache and, for every integral
+;; appearing in its RHS's, add those integrals to the cache using the
+;; same substitition, parts, etc. rules. The cache should be organized
+;; as a priority queue, choosing the "simplest" incomplete integral at
+;; each step, or choosing randomly among equally simple integrals.
+;; Simplicity equals small size, and few steps removed from the original
+;; target integral. Note that when the integrator finishes, incomplete
+;; integrals can be left in the cache, so the algorithm can start where
+;; it left off if another similar integral is later requested.
+;; Breadth-first search would avoid the nagging problem of, e.g., whether
+;; to use parts or substitution first, and which decomposition is best.
+;; All are tried, and any path that diverges will quickly be put on the
+;; back burner by the priority queue.
+;; Note: Probably a good idea to call math-simplify-extended before
+;; measuring a formula's simplicity.
+
+;; From: "Robert J. Chassell" <bob@rattlesnake.com>
+;; Subject: Re: fix for `Cannot open load file: calc-alg-3'
+;; To: walters@debian.org
+;; Date: Sat, 24 Nov 2001 21:44:21 +0000 (UTC)
+;;
+;; Could you add logistic curve fitting to the current list?
+;;
+;; (I guess the key binding for a logistic curve would have to be `s'
+;; since a logistic curve is an `s' curve; both `l' and `L' are already
+;; taken for logarithms.)
+;;
+;; Here is the current list for curve fitting;
+;;
+;; `1'
+;; Linear or multilinear. a + b x + c y + d z.
+;;
+;; `2-9'
+;; Polynomials. a + b x + c x^2 + d x^3.
+;;
+;; `e'
+;; Exponential. a exp(b x) exp(c y).
+;;
+;; `E'
+;; Base-10 exponential. a 10^(b x) 10^(c y).
+;;
+;; `x'
+;; Exponential (alternate notation). exp(a + b x + c y).
+;;
+;; `X'
+;; Base-10 exponential (alternate). 10^(a + b x + c y).
+;;
+;; `l'
+;; Logarithmic. a + b ln(x) + c ln(y).
+;;
+;; `L'
+;; Base-10 logarithmic. a + b log10(x) + c log10(y).
+;;
+;; `^'
+;; General exponential. a b^x c^y.
+;;
+;; `p'
+;; Power law. a x^b y^c.
+;;
+;; `q'
+;; Quadratic. a + b (x-c)^2 + d (x-e)^2.
+;;
+;; `g'
+;; Gaussian. (a / b sqrt(2 pi)) exp(-0.5*((x-c)/b)^2).
+;;
+;;
+;; Logistic curves are used a great deal in ecology, and in predicting
+;; human actions, such as use of different kinds of energy in a country
+;; (wood, coal, oil, natural gas, etc.) or the number of scientific
+;; papers a person publishes, or the number of movies made.
+;;
+;; (The less information on which to base the curve, the higher the error
+;; rate. Theodore Modis ran some Monte Carlo simulations and produced
+;; what may be useful set of confidence levels for different amounts of
+;; initial information.)
;;; Code:
-
(provide 'calc)
(require 'calc-macs)
;; Address of the author of Calc, for use by report-calc-bug.
(defvar calc-bug-address "walters@debian.org")
-;; If T, scan keymaps to find all DEL-like keys.
-;; If NIL, only DEL itself is mapped to calc-pop.
+;; If t, scan keymaps to find all DEL-like keys.
+;; if nil, only DEL itself is mapped to calc-pop.
(defvar calc-scan-for-dels t)
-
-
(defvar calc-extensions-loaded nil)
-
-;;; IDEAS:
-;;;
-;;; Fix rewrite mechanism to do less gratuitous rearrangement of terms.
-;;; Implement a pattern-based "refers" predicate.
-;;;
-;;; Make it possible to Undo a selection command.
-;;; Figure out how to allow selecting rows of matrices.
-;;; If cursor was in selection before, move it after j n, j p, j L, etc.
-;;; Consider reimplementing calc-delete-selection using rewrites.
-;;;
-;;; Implement line-breaking in non-flat compositions (is this desirable?).
-;;; Implement matrix formatting with multi-line components.
-;;;
-;;; Have "Z R" define a user command based on a set of rewrite rules.
-;;; Support "incf" and "decf" in defmath definitions.
-;;; Have defmath generate calls to calc-binary-op or calc-unary-op.
-;;; Make some way to define algebraic functions using keyboard macros.
-;;;
-;;; Allow calc-word-size=0 => Common Lisp-style signed bitwise arithmetic.
-;;; Consider digamma function (and thus arb. prec. Euler's gamma constant).
-;;; May as well make continued-fractions stuff available to the user.
-;;;
-;;; How about matrix eigenvalues, SVD, pseudo-inverse, etc.?
-;;; Should cache matrix inverses as well as decompositions.
-;;; If dividing by a non-square matrix, use least-squares automatically.
-;;; Consider supporting matrix exponentials.
-;;;
-;;; Have ninteg detect and work around singularities at the endpoints.
-;;; Use an adaptive subdivision algorithm for ninteg.
-;;; Provide nsum and nprod to go along with ninteg.
-;;;
-;;; Handle TeX-mode parsing of \matrix{ ... } where ... contains braces.
-;;; Support AmS-TeX's \{d,t,}frac, \{d,t,}binom notations.
-;;; Format and parse sums and products in Eqn and Math modes.
-;;;
-;;; Get math-read-big-expr to read sums, products, etc.
-;;; Change calc-grab-region to use math-read-big-expr.
-;;; Have a way to define functions using := in Embedded Mode.
-;;;
-;;; Support polar plotting with GNUPLOT.
-;;; Make a calc-graph-histogram function.
-;;;
-;;; Replace hokey formulas for complex functions with formulas designed
-;;; to minimize roundoff while maintaining the proper branch cuts.
-;;; Test accuracy of advanced math functions over whole complex plane.
-;;; Extend Bessel functions to provide arbitrary precision.
-;;; Extend advanced math functions to handle error forms and intervals.
-;;; Provide a better implementation for math-sin-cos-raw.
-;;; Provide a better implementation for math-hypot.
-;;; Provide a better implementation for math-make-frac.
-;;; Provide a better implementation for calcFunc-prfac.
-;;; Provide a better implementation for calcFunc-factor.
-;;;
-;;; Provide more examples in the tutorial section of the manual.
-;;; Cover in the tutorial: simplification modes, declarations,
-;;; bitwise stuff, selections, matrix mapping, financial functions.
-;;; Provide more Lisp programming examples in the manual.
-;;; Finish the Internals section of the manual (and bring it up to date).
-;;;
-;;; Tim suggests adding spreadsheet-like features.
-;;; Implement language modes for Gnuplot, Lisp, Ada, APL, ...?
-;;;
-
-
-;;; For atan series, if x > tan(pi/12) (about 0.268) reduce using the identity
-;;; atan(x) = atan((x * sqrt(3) - 1) / (sqrt(3) + x)) + pi/6.
-
-
-;;; A better integration algorithm:
-;;; Use breadth-first instead of depth-first search, as follows:
-;;; The integral cache allows unfinished integrals in symbolic notation
-;;; on the righthand side. An entry with no unfinished integrals on the
-;;; RHS is "complete"; references to it elsewhere are replaced by the
-;;; integrated value. More than one cache entry for the same integral
-;;; may exist, though if one becomes complete, the others may be deleted.
-;;; The integrator works by using every applicable rule (such as
-;;; substitution, parts, linearity, etc.) to generate possible righthand
-;;; sides, all of which are entered into the cache. Now, as long as the
-;;; target integral is not complete (and the time limit has not run out)
-;;; choose an incomplete integral from the cache and, for every integral
-;;; appearing in its RHS's, add those integrals to the cache using the
-;;; same substitition, parts, etc. rules. The cache should be organized
-;;; as a priority queue, choosing the "simplest" incomplete integral at
-;;; each step, or choosing randomly among equally simple integrals.
-;;; Simplicity equals small size, and few steps removed from the original
-;;; target integral. Note that when the integrator finishes, incomplete
-;;; integrals can be left in the cache, so the algorithm can start where
-;;; it left off if another similar integral is later requested.
-;;; Breadth-first search would avoid the nagging problem of, e.g., whether
-;;; to use parts or substitution first, and which decomposition is best.
-;;; All are tried, and any path that diverges will quickly be put on the
-;;; back burner by the priority queue.
-;;; Note: Probably a good idea to call math-simplify-extended before
-;;; measuring a formula's simplicity.
-
-
-
-
-
-
;; Calculator stack.
;; Entries are 3-lists: Formula, Height (in lines), Selection (or nil).
(defvar calc-stack '((top-of-stack 1 nil)))
;; This is 1 unless calc-truncate-stack has been used.
;;(defvar calc-stack-top 1)
-;; If non-NIL, load the calc-ext module automatically when calc is loaded.
+;; If non-nil, load the calc-ext module automatically when calc is loaded.
;;(defvar calc-always-load-extensions nil)
-;; If non-NIL, display line numbers in Calculator stack.
+;; If non-nil, display line numbers in Calculator stack.
;;(defvar calc-line-numbering t)
-;; If non-NIL, break long values across multiple lines in Calculator stack.
+;; If non-nil, break long values across multiple lines in Calculator stack.
;;(defvar calc-line-breaking t)
-;; If NIL, stack display is left-justified.
+;; If nil, stack display is left-justified.
;; If 'right, stack display is right-justified.
;; If 'center, stack display is centered."
;;(defvar calc-display-just nil)
;; Radix for entry and display of numbers in calc-mode, 2-36.
;;(defvar calc-number-radix 10)
-;; If non-NIL, leading zeros are provided to pad integers to calc-word-size.
+;; If non-nil, leading zeros are provided to pad integers to calc-word-size.
;;(defvar calc-leading-zeros nil)
-;; If non-NIL, group digits in large displayed integers by inserting spaces.
+;; If non-nil, group digits in large displayed integers by inserting spaces.
;; If an integer, group that many digits at a time.
;; If 't', use 4 for binary and hex, 3 otherwise.
;;(defvar calc-group-digits nil)
;; Format of displayed fractions; a string of one or two of ":" or "/".
;;(defvar calc-frac-format '(":" nil))
-;; If non-NIL, prefer fractional over floating-point results.
+;; If non-nil, prefer fractional over floating-point results.
;;(defvar calc-prefer-frac nil)
;; Format of displayed hours-minutes-seconds angles, a format string.
;; Preferred form, either 'cplx or 'polar, for complex numbers.
;;(defvar calc-complex-mode 'cplx)
-;; If NIL, 1 / 0 is left unsimplified.
+;; If nil, 1 / 0 is left unsimplified.
;; If 0, 1 / 0 is changed to inf (zeros are considered positive).
;; Otherwise, 1 / 0 is changed to uinf (undirected infinity).
;;(defvar calc-infinite-mode nil)
-;; If non-NIL, display vectors of byte-sized integers as strings.
+;; If non-nil, display vectors of byte-sized integers as strings.
;;(defvar calc-display-strings nil)
-;; If NIL, vector elements are left-justified.
+;; If nil, vector elements are left-justified.
;; If 'right, vector elements are right-justified.
;; If 'center, vector elements are centered."
;;(defvar calc-matrix-just 'center)
-;; If non-NIL, display vectors one element per line.
+;; If non-nil, display vectors one element per line.
;;(defvar calc-break-vectors nil)
-;; If non-NIL, display long vectors in full. If NIL, use abbreviated form.
+;; If non-nil, display long vectors in full. If nil, use abbreviated form.
;;(defvar calc-full-vectors t)
-;; If non-NIL, display long vectors in full in the trail.
+;; If non-nil, display long vectors in full in the trail.
;;(defvar calc-full-trail-vectors t)
-;; If non-NIL, separate elements of displayed vectors with this string.
+;; If non-nil, separate elements of displayed vectors with this string.
;;(defvar calc-vector-commas ",")
-;; If non-NIL, surround displayed vectors with these characters.
+;; If non-nil, surround displayed vectors with these characters.
;;(defvar calc-vector-brackets "[]")
;; A list of code-letter symbols that control "big" matrix display.
;; Type of simplification applied to results.
;; If 'none, results are not simplified when pushed on the stack.
;; If 'num, functions are simplified only when args are constant.
-;; If NIL, only fast simplifications are applied.
+;; If nil, only fast simplifications are applied.
;; If 'binary, math-clip is applied if appropriate.
;; If 'alg, math-simplify is applied.
;; If 'ext, math-simplify-extended is applied.
;; If 'units, math-simplify-units is applied.
;;(defvar calc-simplify-mode nil)
-;; If non-NIL, recompute evalto's automatically when necessary.
+;; If non-nil, recompute evalto's automatically when necessary.
;;(defvar calc-auto-recompute t)
-;; If non-NIL, display shows unformatted Lisp exprs. (For debugging)
+;; If non-nil, display shows unformatted Lisp exprs. (For debugging)
;;(defvar calc-display-raw nil)
;; Number of digits of internal precision for calc-mode calculations.
;;(defvar calc-internal-prec 12)
-;; If non-NIL, next operation is Inverse.
+;; If non-nil, next operation is Inverse.
;;(defvar calc-inverse-flag nil)
-;; If non-NIL, next operation is Hyperbolic.
+;; If non-nil, next operation is Hyperbolic.
;;(defvar calc-hyperbolic-flag nil)
-;; If non-NIL, next operation should not remove its arguments from stack.
+;; If non-nil, next operation should not remove its arguments from stack.
;;(defvar calc-keep-args-flag nil)
;; If deg, angles are in degrees; if rad, angles are in radians.
;; If hms, angles are in degrees-minutes-seconds.
;;(defvar calc-angle-mode 'deg)
-;; If non-NIL, numeric entry accepts whole algebraic expressions.
-;; If NIL, algebraic expressions must be preceded by "'".
+;; If non-nil, numeric entry accepts whole algebraic expressions.
+;; If nil, algebraic expressions must be preceded by "'".
;;(defvar calc-algebraic-mode nil)
;; Like calc-algebraic-mode except only affects ( and [ keys.
;;(defvar calc-incomplete-algebraic-mode nil)
-;; If non-NIL, inexact numeric computations like sqrt(2) are postponed.
-;; If NIL, computations on numbers always yield numbers where possible.
+;; If non-nil, inexact numeric computations like sqrt(2) are postponed.
+;; If nil, computations on numbers always yield numbers where possible.
;;(defvar calc-symbolic-mode nil)
;; If 'matrix, variables are assumed to be matrix-valued.
;; If a number, variables are assumed to be NxN matrices.
;; If 'scalar, variables are assumed to be scalar-valued.
-;; If NIL, symbolic math routines make no assumptions about variables.
+;; If nil, symbolic math routines make no assumptions about variables.
;;(defvar calc-matrix-mode nil)
-;; If non-NIL, shifted letter keys are prefix keys rather than normal meanings.
+;; If non-nil, shifted letter keys are prefix keys rather than normal meanings.
;;(defvar calc-shift-prefix nil)
;; Initial height of Calculator window.
;;(defvar calc-window-height 7)
-;; If non-NIL, M-x calc creates a window to display Calculator trail.
+;; If non-nil, M-x calc creates a window to display Calculator trail.
;;(defvar calc-display-trail t)
-;; If non-NIL, selected sub-formulas are shown by obscuring rest of formula.
-;; If NIL, selected sub-formulas are highlighted by obscuring the sub-formulas.
+;; If non-nil, selected sub-formulas are shown by obscuring rest of formula.
+;; If nil, selected sub-formulas are highlighted by obscuring the sub-formulas.
;;(defvar calc-show-selections t)
-;; If non-NIL, commands operate only on selected portions of formulas.
-;; If NIL, selections displayed but ignored.
+;; If non-nil, commands operate only on selected portions of formulas.
+;; If nil, selections displayed but ignored.
;;(defvar calc-use-selections t)
-;; If non-NIL, selection hides deep structure of associative formulas.
+;; If non-nil, selection hides deep structure of associative formulas.
;;(defvar calc-assoc-selections t)
-;; If non-NIL, display "Working..." for potentially slow Calculator commands.
+;; If non-nil, display "Working..." for potentially slow Calculator commands.
;;(defvar calc-display-working-message 'lots)
-;; If non-NIL, automatically execute a "why" command to explain odd results.
+;; If non-nil, automatically execute a "why" command to explain odd results.
;;(defvar calc-auto-why nil)
-;; If non-NIL, display timing information on each slow command.
+;; If non-nil, display timing information on each slow command.
;;(defvar calc-timing nil)
;; Floating-point numbers with this positive exponent or higher above the
;; List of strings for Y prefix help.
(defvar calc-Y-help-msgs nil)
-;; T if calc-settings-file has been loaded yet.
+;; t if calc-settings-file has been loaded yet.
(defvar calc-loaded-settings-file nil)
(put 'math-underflow 'error-conditions '(error math-underflow calc-error))
(put 'math-underflow 'error-message "Floating-point underflow occurred")
- (setq calc-version "2.02f"
- calc-version-date "Sun Dec 15 1996"
+ (setq calc-version "2.02g"
+ calc-version-date "Mon Nov 19 2001"
calc-trail-pointer nil ; "Current" entry in trail buffer.
calc-trail-overlay nil ; Value of overlay-arrow-string.
calc-was-split nil ; Had multiple windows before Calc.
(setq last-command-char (upcase last-command-char)))
(cond
((memq last-command-char '(?_ ?n))
- (goto-char (point-min))
+ (goto-char (minibuffer-prompt-end))
(if (and (search-forward " +/- " nil t)
(not (search-forward "e" nil t)))
(beep)