As opposed to most normal Emacs packages, Gnus uses a number of
different buffers to display information and to receive commands. The
three buffers users spend most of their time in are the @dfn{group
-buffer}, the @dfn{summary buffer} and the @dfn{article buffer}.
+buffer}, the @dfn{summary buffer} and the @dfn{article buffer}.
The @dfn{group buffer} contains a list of groups. This is the first
buffer Gnus displays when it starts up. It normally displays only the
and display the first unread article in that group.
@need 1000
-In the summary buffer,
+In the summary buffer,
@itemize @bullet
@item
@item
Have Gnus score articles according to various criteria, like author
name, subject, or string in the body of the articles.@*
-@xref{Scoring, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
+@xref{Scoring, , , gnus, The Gnus Manual}.
@item
Send an article to a newsgroup.@*
A numeric argument, as in @kbd{M-1 M-!}, says to insert terminal
output into the current buffer instead of a separate buffer. It puts
point before the output, and sets the mark after the output. For
-instance, @kbd{M-1 M-! gunzip < foo.gz @key{RET}} would insert the
+instance, @kbd{M-1 M-! gunzip < foo.gz @key{RET}} would insert the
uncompressed equivalent of @file{foo.gz} into the current buffer.
If the shell command line ends in @samp{&}, it runs asynchronously.
face @code{comint-highlight-prompt}. This makes it easier to see
previous input lines in the buffer. @xref{Faces}.
- To make multiple subshells invoke @kbd{M-x shell} with a prefix
-argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}), which will cause it to prompt for
-a buffer name, and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. All
+ To make multiple subshells, you can invoke @kbd{M-x shell} with a
+prefix argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}), which will read a buffer
+name and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. You can also
+rename the @samp{*shell*} buffer using @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely}, then
+create a new @samp{*shell*} buffer using plain @kbd{M-x shell}. All the
subshells in different buffers run independently and in parallel.
@vindex explicit-shell-file-name
@item C-c C-x @r{(Shell mode)}
@findex comint-get-next-from-history
Fetch the next subsequent command from the history.
+
+@item C-c . @r{(Shell mode)}
+@findex comint-input-previous-argument
+Fetch one argument from an old shell command.
@end table
Shell buffers provide a history of previously entered shell commands. To
can reexecute several successive commands by typing @kbd{C-c C-x
@key{RET}} over and over.
+ The command @kbd{C-c .}@: (@code{comint-input-previous-argument})
+copies an individual argument from a previous command, like @kbd{ESC
+.} in Bash. The simplest use copies the last argument from the
+previous shell command. With a prefix argument @var{n}, it copies the
+@var{n}th argument instead. Repeating @kbd{C-c .} copies from an
+earlier shell command instead, always using the same value of @var{n}
+(don't give a prefix argument when you repeat the @kbd{C-c .}
+command).
+
These commands get the text of previous shell commands from a special
history list, not from the shell buffer itself. Thus, editing the shell
buffer, or even killing large parts of it, does not affect the history
(@code{shell-pushd-dunique}). The values you choose should match the
underlying shell, of course.
+ If you want Shell mode to handle color output from shell commands,
+you can enable ANSI Color mode. Here is how to do this:
+
+@example
+(add-hook 'shell-mode-hook 'ansi-color-for-comint-mode-on)
+@end example
+
@node Terminal emulator
@subsection Emacs Terminal Emulator
@findex term
To switch between line and char mode, use these commands:
@table @kbd
-@kindex C-c C-k @r{(Term mode)}
+@kindex C-c C-j @r{(Term mode)}
@findex term-char-mode
-@item C-c C-k
+@item C-c C-j
Switch to line mode. Do nothing if already in line mode.
-@kindex C-c C-j @r{(Term mode)}
+@kindex C-c C-k @r{(Term mode)}
@findex term-line-mode
-@item C-c C-j
+@item C-c C-k
Switch to char mode. Do nothing if already in char mode.
@end table
screenful of output since your last input, it pauses, displaying
@samp{**MORE**} in the mode-line. Type @key{SPC} to display the next
screenful of output. Type @kbd{?} to see your other options. The
-interface is similar to the Unix @code{more} program.
+interface is similar to the @code{more} program.
@node Remote Host
@subsection Remote Host Shell
@noindent
This tells Emacs to visit each of the specified files; if you specify a
line number for a certain file, Emacs moves to that line in the file.
-If you specify a column number for a file, Emacs moves to that column
-in the file.
+If you specify a column number as well, Emacs puts point on that column
+in the line.
Ordinarily, @code{emacsclient} does not return until you use the
@kbd{C-x #} command on each of these buffers. When that happens,
function which will communicate with a running Emacs server, or start
one if none exists.
+If you use several displays, you can tell Emacs on which display to
+open the given files with the option @samp{--display=@var{DISPLAY}}.
+This can be used typically when connecting from home to an Emacs
+server running on your machine at your workplace.
+
+You can also use @code{emacsclient} to execute any piece of Emacs Lisp
+code, using the option @samp{--eval}. When this option is given, the
+rest of the arguments is not taken as a list of files to visit but as
+a list of expressions to evaluate.
+
@node Hardcopy, PostScript, Emacs Server, Top
@section Hardcopy Output
@cindex hardcopy
the fonts supplied with the printer with those from the GNU Intlfonts
package, or you can instruct Emacs to use Intlfonts exclusively. The
variable @code{ps-multibyte-buffer} controls this: the default value,
-@code{nil}, is appropriate for printing @sc{ascii} and Latin-1
+@code{nil}, is appropriate for printing ASCII and Latin-1
characters; a value of @code{non-latin-printer} is for printers which
-have the fonts for @sc{ascii}, Latin-1, Japanese, and Korean
+have the fonts for ASCII, Latin-1, Japanese, and Korean
characters built into them. A value of @code{bdf-font} arranges for
the BDF fonts from the Intlfonts package to be used for @emph{all}
characters. Finally, a value of @code{bdf-font-except-latin}
-instructs the printer to use built-in fonts for @sc{ascii} and Latin-1
+instructs the printer to use built-in fonts for ASCII and Latin-1
characters, and Intlfonts BDF fonts for the rest.
@vindex bdf-directory-list
paragraph by eliminating clutter. It can also be used to restrict the
range of operation of a replace command or repeating keyboard macro.
-@c WideCommands
@table @kbd
@item C-x n n
Narrow down to between point and mark (@code{narrow-to-region}).
@cindex other editors
@cindex EDT
@cindex vi
-@cindex PC keybindings
+@cindex PC key bindings
@cindex scrolling all windows
-@cindex PC selecion
-@cindex Motif keybindings
-@cindex Macintosh keybindings
+@cindex PC selection
+@cindex Motif key bindings
+@cindex Macintosh key bindings
@cindex WordStar
GNU Emacs can be programmed to emulate (more or less) most other
@cindex Brief emulation
@cindex emulation of Brief
@cindex mode, CRiSP
-You can turn on keybindings to emulate the CRiSP/Brief editor with
+You can turn on key bindings to emulate the CRiSP/Brief editor with
@kbd{M-x crisp-mode}. Note that this rebinds @kbd{M-x} to exit Emacs
unless you change the user option @code{crisp-override-meta-x}. You can
also use the command @kbd{M-x scroll-all-mode} or set the user option
@cindex PC Selection minor mode
@cindex mode, PC selection
@cindex selection, PC
-The command @kbd{M-x pc-selection-mode} enables a global minor mode
+The command @kbd{M-x pc-selection-mode} toggles a global minor mode
that emulates the mark, copy, cut and paste commands of various other
-systems---an interface known as CUA. It establishes the keybindings
+systems---an interface known as CUA. It establishes the key bindings
of PC mode, and also modifies the bindings of the cursor keys and the
@kbd{next}, @kbd{prior}, @kbd{home} and @kbd{end} keys. It does not
-provide the full set of CUA keybindings---the fundamental Emacs keys
+provide the full set of CUA key bindings---the fundamental Emacs keys
@kbd{C-c}, @kbd{C-v} and @kbd{C-x} are not changed.
The standard keys for moving around (@kbd{right}, @kbd{left},
are available on @kbd{C-insert}, @kbd{S-delete} and @kbd{S-insert}
respectively.
+Turning @code{pc-selection-mode} off restores the old key bindings of
+these keys.
+
@cindex s-region package
The @code{s-region} package provides similar, but less complete,
facilities.
@item WordStar (old wordprocessor)
@findex wordstar-mode
@kbd{M-x wordstar-mode} provides a major mode with WordStar-like
-keybindings.
+key bindings.
@end table
@node Hyperlinking, Dissociated Press, Emulation, Top
buffer to another. In order to produce plausible output rather than
gibberish, it insists on a certain amount of overlap between the end of
one run of consecutive words or characters and the start of the next.
-That is, if it has just printed out `president' and then decides to jump
+That is, if it has just output `president' and then decides to jump
to a different point in the file, it might spot the `ent' in `pentagon'
and continue from there, producing `presidentagon'.@footnote{This
dissociword actually appeared during the Vietnam War, when it was very