X-Git-Url: https://code.delx.au/gnu-emacs/blobdiff_plain/229644e7b176d89d4f1069d0821daa8ac798c6ac..79a6c76c3d9ed56a067435cc33ccba466abfb6c7:/lispref/keymaps.texi diff --git a/lispref/keymaps.texi b/lispref/keymaps.texi index fd5c398fec..8b2644c4fb 100644 --- a/lispref/keymaps.texi +++ b/lispref/keymaps.texi @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ @c -*-texinfo-*- @c This is part of the GNU Emacs Lisp Reference Manual. -@c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2000 +@c Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004 @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. @c See the file elisp.texi for copying conditions. @setfilename ../info/keymaps @@ -95,6 +95,30 @@ precedence over) the corresponding global bindings. The minor mode keymaps shadow both local and global keymaps. @xref{Active Keymaps}, for details. + The Emacs Lisp representation for a key sequence is a string or vector. +You can enter key sequence constants using the ordinary string or vector +representation; it is also convenient to use @code{kbd}: + +@defmac kbd keyseq-text +This macro converts the text @var{keyseq-text} (a string constant) +into a key sequence (a string or vector constant). The contents +of @var{keyseq-text} should describe the key sequence using the syntax +used in this manual. More precisely, it uses the same syntax that +Edit Macro mode uses for editing keyboard macros (@pxref{Edit Keyboard +Macro,,, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). + +@example +(kbd "C-x") @result{} "\C-x" +(kbd "C-x C-f") @result{} "\C-x\C-f" +(kbd "C-x 4 C-f") @result{} "\C-x4\C-f" +(kbd "X") @result{} "X" +(kbd "RET") @result{} "\^M" +(kbd "C-c SPC") @result{} "\C-c@ " +(kbd " SPC") @result{} [f1 32] +(kbd "C-M-") @result{} [C-M-down] +@end example +@end defmac + @node Format of Keymaps @section Format of Keymaps @cindex format of keymaps @@ -123,7 +147,8 @@ This specifies a @dfn{default key binding}; any event not bound by other elements of the keymap is given @var{binding} as its binding. Default bindings allow a keymap to bind all possible event types without having to enumerate all of them. A keymap that has a default binding -completely masks any lower-precedence keymap. +completely masks any lower-precedence keymap, except for events +explicitly bound to @code{nil} (see below). @item @var{char-table} If an element of a keymap is a char-table, it counts as holding @@ -230,17 +255,15 @@ satisfies @code{keymapp}. @c ??? This should come after make-sparse-keymap @defun make-keymap &optional prompt This function creates and returns a new full keymap. That keymap -contains a char-table (@pxref{Char-Tables}) with 384 slots: the first -128 slots are for defining all the @sc{ascii} characters, the next 128 -slots are for 8-bit European characters, and each one of the final 128 -slots is for one character set of non-@sc{ascii} characters supported by -Emacs. The new keymap initially binds all these characters to -@code{nil}, and does not bind any other kind of event. +contains a char-table (@pxref{Char-Tables}) with slots for all +characters without modifiers. The new keymap initially binds all +these characters to @code{nil}, and does not bind any other kind of +event. @example @group (make-keymap) - @result{} (keymap [nil nil nil @dots{} nil nil]) + @result{} (keymap #^[t nil nil nil @dots{} nil nil keymap]) @end group @end example @@ -488,6 +511,7 @@ active keymap. @defun define-prefix-command symbol &optional mapvar prompt @cindex prefix command +@anchor{Definition of define-prefix-command} This function prepares @var{symbol} for use as a prefix key's binding: it creates a sparse keymap and stores it as @var{symbol}'s function definition. Subsequently binding a key sequence to @var{symbol} will @@ -508,41 +532,46 @@ string for the keymap. The prompt string should be given for menu keymaps @cindex global keymap @cindex local keymap - Emacs normally contains many keymaps; at any given time, just a few of -them are @dfn{active} in that they participate in the interpretation -of user input. These are the global keymap, the current buffer's -local keymap, and the keymaps of any enabled minor modes. + Emacs normally contains many keymaps; at any given time, just a few +of them are @dfn{active} in that they participate in the +interpretation of user input. All the active keymaps are used +together to determine what command to execute when a key is entered. +Emacs searches these keymaps one by one, in a standard order, until it +finds a binding in one of the keymaps. (Searching a single keymap for a +binding is called @dfn{key lookup}; see @ref{Key Lookup}.) + + Normally the active keymaps are the @code{keymap} property keymap, +the keymaps of any enabled minor modes, the current buffer's local +keymap, and the global keymap, in that order. Therefore, Emacs +searches for each input key sequence in all these keymaps. The @dfn{global keymap} holds the bindings of keys that are defined regardless of the current buffer, such as @kbd{C-f}. The variable @code{global-map} holds this keymap, which is always active. - Each buffer may have another keymap, its @dfn{local keymap}, which may -contain new or overriding definitions for keys. The current buffer's -local keymap is always active except when @code{overriding-local-map} -overrides it. Text properties can specify an alternative local map for -certain parts of the buffer; see @ref{Special Properties}. + Each buffer may have another keymap, its @dfn{local keymap}, which +may contain new or overriding definitions for keys. The current +buffer's local keymap is always active except when +@code{overriding-local-map} overrides it. The @code{local-map} text +or overlay property can specify an alternative local keymap for certain +parts of the buffer; see @ref{Special Properties}. Each minor mode can have a keymap; if it does, the keymap is active -when the minor mode is enabled. - - The variable @code{overriding-local-map}, if non-@code{nil}, specifies -another local keymap that overrides the buffer's local map and all the -minor mode keymaps. Modes for emulation can specify additional -active keymaps through the variable @code{emulation-mode-map-alists}. - - All the active keymaps are used together to determine what command to -execute when a key is entered. Emacs searches these maps one by one, in -order of decreasing precedence, until it finds a binding in one of the -maps. The procedure for searching a single keymap is called @dfn{key -lookup}; see @ref{Key Lookup}. - - Normally, Emacs first searches for the key in the minor mode maps, in -the order specified by @code{minor-mode-map-alist}; if they do not -supply a binding for the key, Emacs searches the local map; if that too -has no binding, Emacs then searches the global map. However, if -@code{overriding-local-map} is non-@code{nil}, Emacs searches that map -first, before the global map. +when the minor mode is enabled. Modes for emulation can specify +additional active keymaps through the variable +@code{emulation-mode-map-alists}. + + The highest precedence normal keymap comes from the @code{keymap} +text or overlay property. If that is non-@code{nil}, it is the first +keymap to be processed, in normal circumstances. + + However, there are also special circumstances, ways programs can +substitute other keymaps for some of those. The variable +@code{overriding-local-map}, if non-@code{nil}, specifies a keymap +that replaces all the usual active keymaps except the global keymap. +Another way to do this is with @code{overriding-terminal-local-map}; +it operates on a per-terminal basis. These variables are documented +below. @cindex major mode keymap Since every buffer that uses the same major mode normally uses the @@ -551,7 +580,7 @@ change to the local keymap of a buffer (using @code{local-set-key}, for example) is seen also in the other buffers that share that keymap. The local keymaps that are used for Lisp mode and some other major -modes exist even if they have not yet been used. These local maps are +modes exist even if they have not yet been used. These local keymaps are the values of variables such as @code{lisp-mode-map}. For most major modes, which are less frequently used, the local keymap is constructed only when the mode is used for the first time in a session. @@ -570,7 +599,7 @@ keyboard input to commands. The global keymap is normally this keymap. The default global keymap is a full keymap that binds @code{self-insert-command} to all of the printing characters. -It is normal practice to change the bindings in the global map, but you +It is normal practice to change the bindings in the global keymap, but you should not assign this variable any value other than the keymap it starts out with. @end defvar @@ -593,7 +622,7 @@ other. This function returns the current buffer's local keymap, or @code{nil} if it has none. In the following example, the keymap for the @samp{*scratch*} buffer (using Lisp Interaction mode) is a sparse keymap -in which the entry for @key{ESC}, @sc{ascii} code 27, is another sparse +in which the entry for @key{ESC}, @acronym{ASCII} code 27, is another sparse keymap. @example @@ -677,15 +706,15 @@ all buffers. @defvar overriding-local-map If non-@code{nil}, this variable holds a keymap to use instead of the -buffer's local keymap and instead of all the minor mode keymaps. This -keymap, if any, overrides all other maps that would have been active, -except for the current global map. +buffer's local keymap, any text property or overlay keymaps, and any +minor mode keymaps. This keymap, if specified, overrides all other +maps that would have been active, except for the current global map. @end defvar @defvar overriding-terminal-local-map If non-@code{nil}, this variable holds a keymap to use instead of -@code{overriding-local-map}, the buffer's local keymap and all the minor -mode keymaps. +@code{overriding-local-map}, the buffer's local keymap, text property +or overlay keymaps, and all the minor mode keymaps. This variable is always local to the current terminal and cannot be buffer-local. @xref{Multiple Displays}. It is used to implement @@ -880,6 +909,10 @@ the other functions described in this chapter that look up keys use @result{} find-file @end group @group +(lookup-key (current-global-map) (kbd "C-x C-f")) + @result{} find-file +@end group +@group (lookup-key (current-global-map) "\C-x\C-f12345") @result{} 2 @end group @@ -952,9 +985,12 @@ An error is signaled if @var{key} is not a string or a vector. @end example @end defun -@defun current-active-maps +@defun current-active-maps &optional olp This returns the list of keymaps that would be used by the command -loop in the current circumstances to look up a key sequence. +loop in the current circumstances to look up a key sequence. Normally +it ignores @code{overriding-local-map} and +@code{overriding-terminal-local-map}, but if @var{olp} is +non-@code{nil} then it pays attention to them. @end defun @defun local-key-binding key &optional accept-defaults @@ -999,7 +1035,7 @@ This variable is the meta-prefix character code. It is used when translating a meta character to a two-character sequence so it can be looked up in a keymap. For useful results, the value should be a prefix event (@pxref{Prefix Keys}). The default value is 27, which is the -@sc{ascii} code for @key{ESC}. +@acronym{ASCII} code for @key{ESC}. As long as the value of @code{meta-prefix-char} remains 27, key lookup translates @kbd{M-b} into @kbd{@key{ESC} b}, which is normally defined @@ -1126,7 +1162,7 @@ map @group ;; @r{Build sparse submap for @kbd{C-x} and bind @kbd{f} in that.} -(define-key map "\C-xf" 'forward-word) +(define-key map (kbd "C-x f") 'forward-word) @result{} forward-word @end group @group @@ -1139,14 +1175,14 @@ map @group ;; @r{Bind @kbd{C-p} to the @code{ctl-x-map}.} -(define-key map "\C-p" ctl-x-map) +(define-key map (kbd "C-p") ctl-x-map) ;; @code{ctl-x-map} @result{} [nil @dots{} find-file @dots{} backward-kill-sentence] @end group @group ;; @r{Bind @kbd{C-f} to @code{foo} in the @code{ctl-x-map}.} -(define-key map "\C-p\C-f" 'foo) +(define-key map (kbd "C-p C-f") 'foo) @result{} 'foo @end group @group @@ -1166,7 +1202,7 @@ changing the bindings of both @kbd{C-p C-f} and @kbd{C-x C-f} in the default global map. The function @code{substitute-key-definition} scans a keymap for -keys that have a certain binding and rebind them with a different +keys that have a certain binding and rebinds them with a different binding. Another feature you can use for similar effects, but which is often cleaner, is to add a binding that remaps a command (@pxref{Remapping Commands}). @@ -1230,9 +1266,10 @@ map @defun suppress-keymap keymap &optional nodigits @cindex @code{self-insert-command} override This function changes the contents of the full keymap @var{keymap} by -making all the printing characters undefined. More precisely, it binds -them to the command @code{undefined}. This makes ordinary insertion of -text impossible. @code{suppress-keymap} returns @code{nil}. +remapping @code{self-insert-command} to the command @code{undefined} +(@pxref{Remapping Commands}). This has the effect of undefining all +printing characters, thus making ordinary insertion of text impossible. +@code{suppress-keymap} returns @code{nil}. If @var{nodigits} is @code{nil}, then @code{suppress-keymap} defines digits to run @code{digit-argument}, and @kbd{-} to run @@ -1280,7 +1317,7 @@ Dired mode is set up: A special kind of key binding, using a special ``key sequence'' which includes a command name, has the effect of @dfn{remapping} that command into another. Here's how it works. You make a key binding -for a key sequence tha starts with the dummy event @code{remap}, +for a key sequence that starts with the dummy event @code{remap}, followed by the command name you want to remap. Specify the remapped definition as the definition in this binding. The remapped definition is usually a command name, but it can be any valid definition for @@ -1299,7 +1336,7 @@ this by making these two command-remapping bindings in its keymap: Whenever @code{my-mode-map} is an active keymap, if the user types @kbd{C-k}, Emacs will find the standard global binding of @code{kill-line} (assuming nobody has changed it). But -@code{my-mode-map} remaps @code{kill-line} to @code{my-mode-map}, +@code{my-mode-map} remaps @code{kill-line} to @code{my-kill-line}, so instead of running @code{kill-line}, Emacs runs @code{my-kill-line}. @@ -1312,15 +1349,16 @@ Remapping only works through a single level. In other words, @noindent does not have the effect of remapping @code{kill-line} into -@code{my-other-kill-line}. If an ordinary key binding specifies +@code{my-other-kill-line}. If an ordinary key binding specifies @code{kill-line}, this keymap will remap it to @code{my-kill-line}; if an ordinary binding specifies @code{my-kill-line}, this keymap will remap it to @code{my-other-kill-line}. @defun command-remapping command -This function returns the remapping for @var{command}, given the -current active keymaps. If @var{command} is not remapped (which is -the usual situation), the function returns @code{nil}. +This function returns the remapping for @var{command} (a symbol), +given the current active keymaps. If @var{command} is not remapped +(which is the usual situation), or not a symbol, the function returns +@code{nil}. @end defun @node Key Binding Commands @@ -1333,7 +1371,7 @@ changing key bindings. They work by calling @code{define-key}. (@pxref{Init File}) for simple customization. For example, @smallexample -(global-set-key "\C-x\C-\\" 'next-line) +(global-set-key (kbd "C-x C-\\") 'next-line) @end smallexample @noindent @@ -1361,8 +1399,8 @@ redefines @kbd{C-x C-\} to move down a line. redefines the first (leftmost) mouse button, typed with the Meta key, to set point where you click. -@cindex non-@sc{ascii} text in keybindings - Be careful when using non-@sc{ascii} text characters in Lisp +@cindex non-@acronym{ASCII} text in keybindings + Be careful when using non-@acronym{ASCII} text characters in Lisp specifications of keys to bind. If these are read as multibyte text, as they usually will be in a Lisp file (@pxref{Loading Non-ASCII}), you must type the keys as multibyte too. For instance, if you use this: @@ -1384,7 +1422,7 @@ actually bind the multibyte character with code 2294, not the unibyte Latin-1 character with code 246 (@kbd{M-v}). In order to use this binding, you need to enter the multibyte Latin-1 character as keyboard input. One way to do this is by using an appropriate input method -(@pxref{Input Methods, , Input Methods, emacs,The GNU Emacs Manual}). +(@pxref{Input Methods, , Input Methods, emacs, The GNU Emacs Manual}). If you want to use a unibyte character in the key binding, you can construct the key sequence string using @code{multibyte-char-to-unibyte} @@ -1474,7 +1512,7 @@ association list with elements of the form @code{(@var{key} .@: @var{keymap} is @var{map}. The elements of the alist are ordered so that the @var{key} increases -in length. The first element is always @code{("" .@: @var{keymap})}, +in length. The first element is always @code{([] .@: @var{keymap})}, because the specified keymap is accessible from itself with a prefix of no events. @@ -1492,7 +1530,7 @@ definition is the sparse keymap @code{(keymap (83 .@: center-paragraph) @smallexample @group (accessible-keymaps (current-local-map)) -@result{}(("" keymap +@result{}(([] keymap (27 keymap ; @r{Note this keymap for @key{ESC} is repeated below.} (83 . center-paragraph) (115 . center-line)) @@ -1516,7 +1554,7 @@ of a window. @smallexample @group (accessible-keymaps (current-global-map)) -@result{} (("" keymap [set-mark-command beginning-of-line @dots{} +@result{} (([] keymap [set-mark-command beginning-of-line @dots{} delete-backward-char]) @end group @group @@ -1547,6 +1585,8 @@ The function @code{map-keymap} calls @var{function} once for each binding in @var{keymap}. It passes two arguments, the event type and the value of the binding. If @var{keymap} has a parent, the parent's bindings are included as well. +This works recursively: if the parent has itself a parent, then the +grandparent's bindings are also included and so on. This function is the cleanest way to examine all the bindings in a keymap. @@ -1555,7 +1595,7 @@ in a keymap. @defun where-is-internal command &optional keymap firstonly noindirect no-remap This function is a subroutine used by the @code{where-is} command (@pxref{Help, , Help, emacs,The GNU Emacs Manual}). It returns a list -of key sequences (of any length) that are bound to @var{command} in a +of all key sequences (of any length) that are bound to @var{command} in a set of keymaps. The argument @var{command} can be any object; it is compared with all @@ -1563,7 +1603,7 @@ keymap entries using @code{eq}. If @var{keymap} is @code{nil}, then the maps used are the current active keymaps, disregarding @code{overriding-local-map} (that is, pretending -its value is @code{nil}). If @var{keymap} is non-@code{nil}, then the +its value is @code{nil}). If @var{keymap} is a keymap, then the maps searched are @var{keymap} and the global keymap. If @var{keymap} is a list of keymaps, only those keymaps are searched. @@ -1573,11 +1613,12 @@ keymaps that are active. To search only the global map, pass @code{(keymap)} (an empty keymap) as @var{keymap}. If @var{firstonly} is @code{non-ascii}, then the value is a single -string representing the first key sequence found, rather than a list of +vector representing the first key sequence found, rather than a list of all possible key sequences. If @var{firstonly} is @code{t}, then the value is the first key sequence, except that key sequences consisting -entirely of @sc{ascii} characters (or meta variants of @sc{ascii} -characters) are preferred to all other key sequences. +entirely of @acronym{ASCII} characters (or meta variants of @acronym{ASCII} +characters) are preferred to all other key sequences and that the +return value can never be a menu binding. If @var{noindirect} is non-@code{nil}, @code{where-is-internal} doesn't follow indirect keymap bindings. This makes it possible to search for @@ -1598,7 +1639,7 @@ other command. However, if @var{no-remap} is non-@code{nil}. @end smallexample @end defun -@deffn Command describe-bindings &optional prefix +@deffn Command describe-bindings &optional prefix buffer-or-name This function creates a listing of all current key bindings, and displays it in a buffer named @samp{*Help*}. The text is grouped by modes---minor modes first, then the major mode, then global bindings. @@ -1609,15 +1650,19 @@ listing includes only keys that start with @var{prefix}. The listing describes meta characters as @key{ESC} followed by the corresponding non-meta character. -When several characters with consecutive @sc{ascii} codes have the +When several characters with consecutive @acronym{ASCII} codes have the same definition, they are shown together, as @samp{@var{firstchar}..@var{lastchar}}. In this instance, you need to -know the @sc{ascii} codes to understand which characters this means. +know the @acronym{ASCII} codes to understand which characters this means. For example, in the default global map, the characters @samp{@key{SPC} -..@: ~} are described by a single line. @key{SPC} is @sc{ascii} 32, -@kbd{~} is @sc{ascii} 126, and the characters between them include all +..@: ~} are described by a single line. @key{SPC} is @acronym{ASCII} 32, +@kbd{~} is @acronym{ASCII} 126, and the characters between them include all the normal printing characters, (e.g., letters, digits, punctuation, etc.@:); all these characters are bound to @code{self-insert-command}. + +If @var{buffer-or-name} is non-@code{nil}, it should be a buffer or a +buffer name. Then @code{describe-bindings} lists that buffer's bindings, +instead of the current buffer's. @end deffn @node Menu Keymaps @@ -1656,8 +1701,9 @@ prompt string. The easiest way to construct a keymap with a prompt string is to specify the string as an argument when you call @code{make-keymap}, -@code{make-sparse-keymap} or @code{define-prefix-command} -(@pxref{Creating Keymaps}). +@code{make-sparse-keymap} (@pxref{Creating Keymaps}), or +@code{define-prefix-command} (@pxref{Definition of define-prefix-command}). + @defun keymap-prompt keymap This function returns the overall prompt string of @var{keymap}, @@ -1694,7 +1740,12 @@ looks like this: @noindent The @sc{car}, @var{item-string}, is the string to be displayed in the menu. It should be short---preferably one to three words. It should -describe the action of the command it corresponds to. +describe the action of the command it corresponds to. Note that it is +not generally possible to display non-@acronym{ASCII} text in menus. It will +work for keyboard menus and will work to a large extent when Emacs is +built with Gtk+ support.@footnote{In this case, the text is first +encoded using the @code{utf-8} coding system and then rendered by the +toolkit as it sees fit.} You can also supply a second string, called the help string, as follows: @@ -1859,7 +1910,7 @@ function should return the binding to use instead. @cindex menu separators A menu separator is a kind of menu item that doesn't display any -text--instead, it divides the menu into subparts with a horizontal line. +text---instead, it divides the menu into subparts with a horizontal line. A separator looks like this in the menu keymap: @example @@ -2077,6 +2128,12 @@ functioning of the menu itself, but they are ``echoed'' in the echo area when the user selects from the menu, and they appear in the output of @code{where-is} and @code{apropos}. + The menu in this example is intended for use with the mouse. If a +menu is intended for use with the keyboard, that is, if it is bound to +a key sequence ending with a keyboard event, then the menu items +should be bound to characters or ``real'' function keys, that can be +typed with the keyboard. + The binding whose definition is @code{("--")} is a separator line. Like a real menu item, the separator has a key symbol, in this case @code{separator-ps-print}. If one menu has two separators, they must @@ -2319,7 +2376,7 @@ follows. @tindex tool-bar-add-item This function adds an item to the tool bar by modifying @code{tool-bar-map}. The image to use is defined by @var{icon}, which -is the base name of an XPM, XBM or PBM image file to located by +is the base name of an XPM, XBM or PBM image file to be located by @code{find-image}. Given a value @samp{"exit"}, say, @file{exit.xpm}, @file{exit.pbm} and @file{exit.xbm} would be searched for in that order on a color display. On a monochrome display, the search order is @@ -2328,7 +2385,7 @@ command @var{def}, and @var{key} is the fake function key symbol in the prefix keymap. The remaining arguments @var{props} are additional property list elements to add to the menu item specification. -To define items in some local map, bind @code{`tool-bar-map} with +To define items in some local map, bind @code{tool-bar-map} with @code{let} around calls of this function: @example (defvar foo-tool-bar-map @@ -2359,7 +2416,7 @@ property list elements to add to the menu item specification. This function is used for making non-global tool bar items. Use it like @code{tool-bar-add-item-from-menu} except that @var{in-map} specifies the local map to make the definition in. The argument -@var{from-map} si like the @var{map} argument of +@var{from-map} is like the @var{map} argument of @code{tool-bar-add-item-from-menu}. @end defun @@ -2370,22 +2427,22 @@ show all defined tool bar items---but not larger than a quarter of the frame's height. @end defvar -@tindex auto-raise-tool-bar-items -@defvar auto-raise-tool-bar-items +@tindex auto-raise-tool-bar-buttons +@defvar auto-raise-tool-bar-buttons If this variable is non-@code{nil}, tool bar items display in raised form when the mouse moves over them. @end defvar -@tindex tool-bar-item-margin -@defvar tool-bar-item-margin +@tindex tool-bar-button-margin +@defvar tool-bar-button-margin This variable specifies an extra margin to add around tool bar items. -The value is an integer, a number of pixels. The default is 1. +The value is an integer, a number of pixels. The default is 4. @end defvar -@tindex tool-bar-item-relief -@defvar tool-bar-item-relief +@tindex tool-bar-button-relief +@defvar tool-bar-button-relief This variable specifies the shadow width for tool bar items. -The value is an integer, a number of pixels. The default is 3. +The value is an integer, a number of pixels. The default is 1. @end defvar You can define a special meaning for clicking on a tool bar item with @@ -2453,3 +2510,7 @@ menu of Shell mode, after the item @code{break}: [work] '("Work" . work-command) 'break) @end example @end defun + +@ignore + arch-tag: cfb87287-9364-4e46-9e93-6c2f7f6ae794 +@end ignore