X-Git-Url: https://code.delx.au/gnu-emacs/blobdiff_plain/7d8c2d57ff652660a199e815a474355567adde9a..adc55deaa5e0496d50042dd5a6bd4d0c41e09c78:/man/calc.texi diff --git a/man/calc.texi b/man/calc.texi index 485a05ac35..3ef1b449e8 100644 --- a/man/calc.texi +++ b/man/calc.texi @@ -5,10 +5,6 @@ @c [title] @settitle GNU Emacs Calc 2.02g Manual @setchapternewpage odd -@dircategory Emacs -@direntry -* Calc: (calc). Advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool. -@end direntry @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @tex @@ -67,11 +63,12 @@ @end ignore @end iftex -@ifnottex +@copying This file documents Calc, the GNU Emacs calculator. Copyright (C) 1990, 1991, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +@quotation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the @@ -82,7 +79,13 @@ Texts as in (a) below. (a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' -@end ifnottex +@end quotation +@end copying + +@dircategory Emacs +@direntry +* Calc: (calc). Advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool. +@end direntry @titlepage @sp 6 @@ -99,17 +102,7 @@ Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' @vskip 0pt plus 1filll Copyright @copyright{} 1990, 1991, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. - -Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document -under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or -any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the -Invariant Sections being just ``GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE'', with the -Front-Cover texts being ``A GNU Manual,'' and with the Back-Cover -Texts as in (a) below. - -(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have freedom to copy and modify -this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies published by the Free -Software Foundation raise funds for GNU development.'' +@insertcopying @end titlepage @c [begin] @@ -2330,7 +2323,7 @@ trail-related commands. Each entry on the line shows one command, with a single capital letter showing which letter you press to get that command. We have used @kbd{t n}, @kbd{t p}, @kbd{t ]}, and @kbd{t y} so far. The @samp{[MORE]} means you can press @kbd{?} -again to see more @kbd{t}-prefix comands. Notice that the commands +again to see more @kbd{t}-prefix commands. Notice that the commands are roughly divided (by semicolons) into related groups. When you are in the help display for a prefix key, the prefix is @@ -4485,7 +4478,7 @@ infinity again. Finally, we add this plus infinity to the minus infinity we had earlier. If you work it out, you might expect the answer to be @i{-72} for this. But the 72 has been completely lost next to the infinities; by the time we compute @w{@samp{inf - inf}} -the finite difference between them, if any, is indetectable. +the finite difference between them, if any, is undetectable. So we say the result is @dfn{indeterminate}, which Calc writes with the symbol @code{nan} (for Not A Number). @@ -8236,14 +8229,8 @@ argument is exactly what we want to map over: @end group @end smallexample -@ifinfo @noindent -Et voila, September 13, 1991 is a Friday. -@end ifinfo -@tex -\noindent -{\it Et voil{\accent"12 a}}, September 13, 1991 is a Friday. -@end tex +Et voil@`a, September 13, 1991 is a Friday. @smallexample @group @@ -10071,7 +10058,7 @@ Bugs'' sections of the manual. @noindent @cindex Stack basics @c [fix-tut RPN Calculations and the Stack] -Calc uses RPN notation. If you are not familar with RPN, @pxref{RPN +Calc uses RPN notation. If you are not familiar with RPN, @pxref{RPN Tutorial}. To add the numbers 1 and 2 in Calc you would type the keys: @@ -11130,7 +11117,7 @@ precision is 15, the seconds will keep three digits after the decimal point. Decreasing the precision below 12 may cause the time part of a date form to become inaccurate. This can also happen if astronomically high years are used, though this will not be an -issue in everyday (or even everymillenium) use. Note that date +issue in everyday (or even everymillennium) use. Note that date forms without times are stored as exact integers, so roundoff is never an issue for them. @@ -17174,7 +17161,7 @@ falls in this hour results in a time value for the following hour, from 3 a.m.@: to 4 a.m. At the end of daylight savings time, the hour from 1 a.m.@: to 2 a.m.@: repeats itself; converting a date/time form that falls in in this hour results in a time value for the first -manifestion of that time (@emph{not} the one that occurs one hour later). +manifestation of that time (@emph{not} the one that occurs one hour later). If @code{math-daylight-savings-hook} is @code{nil}, then the daylight savings adjustment is always taken to be zero. @@ -17971,7 +17958,7 @@ flag keys must be used to get some of these functions from the keyboard. @cindex @code{phi} variable @cindex Phi, golden ratio @cindex Golden ratio -One miscellanous command is shift-@kbd{P} (@code{calc-pi}), which pushes +One miscellaneous command is shift-@kbd{P} (@code{calc-pi}), which pushes the value of @c{$\pi$} @cite{pi} (at the current precision) onto the stack. With the Hyperbolic flag, it pushes the value @cite{e}, the base of natural logarithms. @@ -19927,7 +19914,7 @@ the integer 4 and the float 4.0 are considered equal even though they are not ``identical.'' Variables are treated like plain symbols without attached values by the set operations; subtracting the set @samp{[b]} from @samp{[a, b]} always yields the set @samp{[a]} even though if -the variables @samp{a} and @samp{b} both equalled 17, you might +the variables @samp{a} and @samp{b} both equaled 17, you might expect the answer @samp{[]}. If a set contains interval forms, then it is assumed to be a set of @@ -23379,7 +23366,7 @@ list of numerical roots, however, provided that symbolic mode (@kbd{m s}) is not turned on. (If you work with symbolic mode on, recall that the @kbd{N} (@code{calc-eval-num}) key is a handy way to reevaluate the formula on the stack with symbolic mode temporarily off.) Naturally, -@kbd{a P} can only provide numerical roots if the polynomial coefficents +@kbd{a P} can only provide numerical roots if the polynomial coefficients are all numbers (real or complex). @node Solving Systems of Equations, Decomposing Polynomials, Multiple Solutions, Solving Equations @@ -24145,7 +24132,7 @@ is simply scaled uniformly by @c{$1 / \sigma^2$} where it has a minimum). But there @emph{will} be a difference in the estimated errors of the coefficients reported by @kbd{H a F}. -Consult any text on statistical modelling of data for a discussion +Consult any text on statistical modeling of data for a discussion of where these error estimates come from and how they should be interpreted. @@ -26017,7 +26004,7 @@ binding one summand to @cite{x} and the other to @cite{y}, and it matches anything else by binding the whole expression to @cite{x} and zero to @cite{y}. The other operators above work similarly.@refill -For general miscellanous functions, the default value @code{def} +For general miscellaneous functions, the default value @code{def} must be specified. Optional arguments are dropped starting with the rightmost one during matching. For example, the pattern @samp{f(opt(a,0), b, opt(c,b))} will match @samp{f(b)}, @samp{f(a,b)}, @@ -26499,7 +26486,7 @@ f(!!!a, a) := g(a) will be careful to bind @samp{a} to the second argument of @code{f} before testing the first argument. If Calc had tried to match the first argument of @code{f} first, the results would have been -disasterous: Since @code{a} was unbound so far, the pattern @samp{a} +disastrous: since @code{a} was unbound so far, the pattern @samp{a} would have matched anything at all, and the pattern @samp{!!!a} therefore would @emph{not} have matched anything at all! @@ -27050,7 +27037,7 @@ This will simplify the formula whenever @cite{b} and/or @cite{c} can be made simpler by squaring. For example, applying this rule to @samp{2 / (sqrt(2) + 3)} yields @samp{6:7 - 2:7 sqrt(2)} (assuming Symbolic Mode has been enabled to keep the square root from being -evaulated to a floating-point approximation). This rule is also +evaluated to a floating-point approximation). This rule is also useful when working with symbolic complex numbers, e.g., @samp{(a + b i) / (c + d i)}. @@ -27903,7 +27890,7 @@ names rather than prompting for the variable name. @pindex calc-permanent-variable @cindex Storing variables @cindex Permanent variables -@cindex @file{.emacs} file, veriables +@cindex @file{.emacs} file, variables The @kbd{s p} (@code{calc-permanent-variable}) command saves a variable's value permanently in your @file{.emacs} file, so that its value will still be available in future Emacs sessions. You can @@ -29874,7 +29861,7 @@ Subformulas}, to see how this works). @kindex M-# j @pindex calc-embedded-select The @kbd{M-# j} (@code{calc-embedded-select}) command provides an -easy way to operate on assigments. It is just like @kbd{M-# e}, +easy way to operate on assignments. It is just like @kbd{M-# e}, except that if the enabled formula is an assignment, it uses @kbd{j 2} to select the righthand side. If the enabled formula is an evaluates-to, it uses @kbd{j 1} to select the lefthand side. @@ -31736,7 +31723,7 @@ The strategy is to ensure that @cite{x} is nonnegative before calling to a suitable range, namely, plus-or-minus @c{$\pi \over 4$} @cite{pi/4}. Note that each test, and particularly the first comparison against 7, is designed so -that small roundoff errors cannnot produce an infinite loop. (Suppose +that small roundoff errors cannot produce an infinite loop. (Suppose we compared with @samp{(two-pi)} instead; if due to roundoff problems the modulo operator ever returned @samp{(two-pi)} exactly, an infinite recursion could result!) We use modulo only for arguments that will @@ -31911,7 +31898,7 @@ treat them as ``black box'' objects with no important internal structure. There is also a @code{rawnum} symbol, which is a combination of -@code{raw} (returning a raw Calc object) and @code{num} (signalling +@code{raw} (returning a raw Calc object) and @code{num} (signaling an error if that object is not a constant). You can pass a raw Calc object to @code{calc-eval} in place of a