X-Git-Url: https://code.delx.au/gnu-emacs/blobdiff_plain/c2c6918d8f67b3566e1f6502f8f87a29e103af60..9cd6acefe0b30ffc0739901009c564570efa2580:/man/misc.texi diff --git a/man/misc.texi b/man/misc.texi index 9fb9f3734f..df1ca152b6 100644 --- a/man/misc.texi +++ b/man/misc.texi @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ not edit these files manually, but you may if you know how. @node Summary of Gnus @subsection Summary of Gnus Commands -Reading news is a two step process: +Reading news is a two-step process: @enumerate @item @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ normally creates the file @file{foo} and produces no terminal output. A numeric argument, as in @kbd{M-1 M-!}, says to insert terminal output into the current buffer instead of a separate buffer. It puts point before the output, and sets the mark after the output. For -instance, @kbd{M-1 M-! gunzip < foo.gz @key{RET}} would insert the +instance, @kbd{M-1 M-! gunzip < foo.gz @key{RET}} would insert the uncompressed equivalent of @file{foo.gz} into the current buffer. If the shell command line ends in @samp{&}, it runs asynchronously. @@ -392,7 +392,6 @@ and will store the decoded output into the file whose name is specified in the encoded text. @vindex shell-file-name -@cindex environment Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} use @code{shell-file-name} to specify the shell to use. This variable is initialized based on your @env{SHELL} environment variable when Emacs is started. If the file name does not @@ -443,12 +442,16 @@ for time to elapse. face @code{comint-highlight-prompt}. This makes it easier to see previous input lines in the buffer. @xref{Faces}. - To make multiple subshells invoke @kbd{M-x shell} with a prefix -argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}), which will cause it to prompt for -a buffer name, and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. All -subshells in different buffers run independently and in parallel. + To make multiple subshells, you can invoke @kbd{M-x shell} with a +prefix argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}), which will read a buffer +name and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. You can also +rename the @samp{*shell*} buffer using @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely}, then +then create a new @samp{*shell*} buffer using plain @kbd{M-x shell}. +All the subshells in different buffers run independently and in +parallel. @vindex explicit-shell-file-name +@cindex environment variables for subshells @cindex @env{ESHELL} environment variable @cindex @env{SHELL} environment variable The file name used to load the subshell is the value of the variable @@ -471,9 +474,11 @@ from. For example, if you use bash, the file sent to it is specify a coding system after starting the shell by using @kbd{C-x @key{RET} p} in the shell buffer. @xref{Specify Coding}. - Emacs defines the environment variable @env{EMACS} in the subshell, -with value @code{t}. A shell script can check this variable to -determine whether it has been run from an Emacs subshell. +@cindex @env{EMACS} environment variable + Unless the environment variable @env{EMACS} is already defined, +Emacs defines it in the subshell, with value @code{t}. A shell script +can check this variable to determine whether it has been run from an +Emacs subshell. @node Shell Mode @subsection Shell Mode @@ -756,7 +761,7 @@ commands from the buffer. The history search commands @kbd{M-r} and @kbd{M-s} read a regular expression and search through the history for a matching command. Aside from the choice of which command to fetch, they work just like @kbd{M-p} -and @kbd{M-r}. If you enter an empty regexp, these commands reuse the +and @kbd{M-n}. If you enter an empty regexp, these commands reuse the same regexp used last time. When you find the previous input you want, you can resubmit it by @@ -904,17 +909,17 @@ to the bottom before inserting. @vindex comint-scroll-show-maximum-output If @code{comint-scroll-show-maximum-output} is non-@code{nil}, then -scrolling due to arrival of output tries to place the last line of text -at the bottom line of the window, so as to show as much useful text as -possible. (This mimics the scrolling behavior of many terminals.) -The default is @code{nil}. +scrolling due to the arrival of output tries to place the last line of +text at the bottom line of the window, so as to show as much useful +text as possible. (This mimics the scrolling behavior of many +terminals.) The default is @code{nil}. @vindex comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-output By setting @code{comint-scroll-to-bottom-on-output}, you can opt for having point jump to the end of the buffer whenever output arrives---no matter where in the buffer point was before. If the value is @code{this}, point jumps in the selected window. If the value is -@code{all}, point jumps in each window that shows the comint buffer. If +@code{all}, point jumps in each window that shows the Comint buffer. If the value is @code{other}, point jumps in all nonselected windows that show the current buffer. The default value is @code{nil}, which means point does not jump to the end. @@ -1071,7 +1076,7 @@ temporarily visible, but will be erased when you hit return. (This happens automatically; there is no special password processing.) When you log in to a different machine, you need to specify the type -of terminal your using. Terminal types @samp{ansi} or @samp{vt100} +of terminal you're using. Terminal types @samp{ansi} or @samp{vt100} will work on most systems. @c If you are talking to a Bourne-compatible @@ -1088,7 +1093,7 @@ will work on most systems. @c as long as Emacs can access the source files specified by gdb. @ignore - You cannot log into to a remote computer using the Shell mode. + You cannot log in to a remote computer using the Shell mode. @c (This will change when Shell is re-written to use Term.) Instead, Emacs provides two commands for logging in to another computer and communicating with it through an Emacs buffer using Comint mode: @@ -1151,7 +1156,7 @@ variable @env{EDITOR} to specify which editor to run. If you set @env{EDITOR} to @samp{emacs}, they invoke Emacs---but in an inconvenient fashion, by starting a new, separate Emacs process. This is inconvenient because it takes time and because the new Emacs process -doesn't share the buffers in the existing Emacs process. +doesn't share the buffers in any existing Emacs process. You can arrange to use your existing Emacs process as the editor for programs like @code{mail} by using the Emacs client and Emacs server @@ -1183,7 +1188,7 @@ to edit various files, and selects the next such file. You can switch to a server buffer manually if you wish; you don't have to arrive at it with @kbd{C-x #}. But @kbd{C-x #} is the way to -say that you are ``finished'' with one. +say that you are finished with one. @vindex server-kill-new-buffers @vindex server-temp-file-regexp @@ -1239,12 +1244,14 @@ automatically when you finish with them. and optionally line numbers as well. Do it like this: @example -emacsclient @r{@{}@r{[}+@var{line}@r{]} @var{filename}@r{@}}@dots{} +emacsclient @r{@{}@r{[}+@var{line}@r{[}@var{column}@r{]}@r{]} @var{filename}@r{@}}@dots{} @end example @noindent This tells Emacs to visit each of the specified files; if you specify a line number for a certain file, Emacs moves to that line in the file. +If you specify a column number as well, Emacs puts point on that column +in the line. Ordinarily, @code{emacsclient} does not return until you use the @kbd{C-x #} command on each of these buffers. When that happens, @@ -1476,7 +1483,7 @@ instructs the printer to use built-in fonts for @sc{ascii} and Latin-1 characters, and Intlfonts BDF fonts for the rest. @vindex bdf-directory-list - To be able to use the BDF fonts, Emacs should know where to find + To be able to use the BDF fonts, Emacs needs to know where to find them. The variable @code{bdf-directory-list} holds the list of directories where Emacs should look for the fonts; the default value includes a single directory @file{/usr/local/share/emacs/fonts/bdf}. @@ -1537,7 +1544,7 @@ Specify which field to sort by with a numeric argument: 1 to sort by field 1, etc. A negative argument means count fields from the right instead of from the left; thus, minus 1 means sort by the last field. If several lines have identical contents in the field being sorted, they -keep same relative order that they had in the original buffer. +keep the same relative order that they had in the original buffer. @item M-x sort-numeric-fields Like @kbd{M-x sort-fields} except the specified field is converted @@ -1660,8 +1667,8 @@ the mode line whenever narrowing is in effect. @findex narrow-to-region The primary narrowing command is @kbd{C-x n n} (@code{narrow-to-region}). It sets the current buffer's restrictions so that the text in the current -region remains accessible but all text before the region or after the region -is inaccessible. Point and mark do not change. +region remains accessible, but all text before the region or after the +region is inaccessible. Point and mark do not change. @kindex C-x n p @findex narrow-to-page @@ -1828,8 +1835,8 @@ invoked @code{hexl-mode}. @noindent Other Hexl commands let you insert strings (sequences) of binary -bytes, move by short's or int's, etc.; type @kbd{C-h a hexl- -@key{RET}} for details. +bytes, move by @code{short}s or @code{int}s, etc.; type @kbd{C-h a +hexl-@key{RET}} for details. @node Saving Emacs Sessions, Recursive Edit, Editing Binary Files, Top @@ -1915,7 +1922,7 @@ but also quits the unfinished command immediately. Use the command The mode line shows you when you are in a recursive edit by displaying square brackets around the parentheses that always surround the major and -minor mode names. Every window's mode line shows this, in the same way, +minor mode names. Every window's mode line shows this in the same way, since being in a recursive edit is true of Emacs as a whole rather than any particular window or buffer. @@ -2247,7 +2254,7 @@ Find the definition of the function that @var{key} invokes. These commands provide an easy way to find the definitions of Emacs Lisp functions and variables. They are similar in purpose to the Tags facility (@pxref{Tags}), but don't require a tags table; on the other -hand, they only works for function and variable definitions that are +hand, they only work for function and variable definitions that are already loaded in the Emacs session. @findex find-function @@ -2332,7 +2339,7 @@ userenced and properbose. Have fun. Your buggestions are welcome. @cindex tower of Hanoi If you are a little bit bored, you can try @kbd{M-x hanoi}. If you are -considerably bored, give it a numeric argument. If you are very very +considerably bored, give it a numeric argument. If you are very, very bored, try an argument of 9. Sit back and watch. @cindex Go Moku