X-Git-Url: https://code.delx.au/gnu-emacs/blobdiff_plain/c5ba561a3215c495232cfae66fa88cf6e7aae6e5..80d0edae927b550944eb54eb49a70cb7f5353b68:/man/glossary.texi diff --git a/man/glossary.texi b/man/glossary.texi index 67adfd017d..bab69b2c4d 100644 --- a/man/glossary.texi +++ b/man/glossary.texi @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ @c This is part of the Emacs manual. -@c Copyright (C) 1985,86,87,93,94,95,1997,2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +@c Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2002, +@c 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @c See file emacs.texi for copying conditions. @node Glossary, Key Index, Intro, Top @unnumbered Glossary @@ -27,16 +28,16 @@ Input, Alt}. @item Argument See `numeric argument.' -@item ASCII character -An ASCII character is either an ASCII control character or an ASCII +@item @acronym{ASCII} character +An @acronym{ASCII} character is either an @acronym{ASCII} control character or an @acronym{ASCII} printing character. @xref{User Input}. -@item ASCII control character -An ASCII control character is the Control version of an upper-case +@item @acronym{ASCII} control character +An @acronym{ASCII} control character is the Control version of an upper-case letter, or the Control version of one of the characters @samp{@@[\]^_?}. -@item ASCII printing character -ASCII printing characters include letters, digits, space, and these +@item @acronym{ASCII} printing character +@acronym{ASCII} printing characters include letters, digits, space, and these punctuation characters: @samp{!@@#$%^& *()_-+=|\~` @{@}[]:;"' <>,.?/}. @item Auto Fill Mode @@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ A backup file records the contents that a file had before the current editing session. Emacs makes backup files automatically to help you track down or cancel changes you later regret making. @xref{Backup}. -@item Balance Parentheses +@item Balancing Parentheses Emacs can balance parentheses (or other matching delimiters) either manually or automatically. You do manual balancing with the commands to move over parenthetical groupings (@pxref{Moving by Parens}). @@ -105,6 +106,15 @@ Bookmarks are akin to registers (q.v.@:) in that they record positions in buffers to which you can return later. Unlike registers, bookmarks persist between Emacs sessions. +@item Border +A border is a thin space along the edge of the frame, used just for +spacing, not for displaying anything. An Emacs frame has an ordinary +external border, outside of everything including the menu bar, plus an +internal border that surrounds the text windows and their scroll bars +and separates them from the menu bar and tool bar. You can customize +both borders with options and resources (@pxref{Borders X}). Borders +are not the same as fringes (q.v.@:). + @item Buffer The buffer is the basic editing unit; one buffer corresponds to one text being edited. You can have several buffers, but at any time you are @@ -130,6 +140,9 @@ you press down on a mouse button. @xref{Mouse Buttons}. @item By Default See `default.' +@item Byte Compilation +See `compilation.' + @item @kbd{C-} @kbd{C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for Control. @xref{User Input,C-}. @@ -195,7 +208,7 @@ for creating, aligning and killing comments. @xref{Comments}. @item Common Lisp Common Lisp is a dialect of Lisp (q.v.@:) much larger and more powerful than Emacs Lisp. Emacs provides a subset of Common Lisp in the CL -package. @xref{Common Lisp,,, cl, Common Lisp Extensions}. +package. @xref{Top, Common Lisp, Overview, cl, Common Lisp Extensions}. @item Compilation Compilation is the process of creating an executable program from source @@ -225,8 +238,8 @@ is typed. @xref{Completion}.@refill When a line of text is longer than the width of the window, it takes up more than one screen line when displayed. We say that the text line is continued, and all screen lines used for it after the -first are called continuation lines. @xref{Basic,Continuation,Basic -Editing}. A related Emacs feature is `filling' (q.v.@:). +first are called continuation lines. @xref{Continuation Lines}. +A related Emacs feature is `filling' (q.v.@:). @item Control Character A control character is a character that you type by holding down the @@ -237,21 +250,25 @@ characters. @xref{User Input}. @item Copyleft A copyleft is a notice giving the public legal permission to -redistribute a program or other work of art. Copylefts are used by -left-wing programmers to promote freedom and cooperation, just as -copyrights are used by right-wing programmers to gain power over other -people. +redistribute and modify a program or other work of art, but requiring +modified versions to carry similar permission. Copyright is normally +used to keep users divided and helpless; with copyleft we turn that +around to empower users and encourage them to cooperate. The particular form of copyleft used by the GNU project is called the GNU General Public License. @xref{Copying}. +@item @key{CTRL} +The @key{CTRL} or ``control'' key is what you hold down +in order to enter a control character (q.v.). + @item Current Buffer The current buffer in Emacs is the Emacs buffer on which most editing commands operate. You can select any Emacs buffer as the current one. @xref{Buffers}. @item Current Line -The current line is a line point is on (@pxref{Point}). +The current line is the line that point is on (@pxref{Point}). @item Current Paragraph The current paragraph is the paragraph that point is in. If point is @@ -268,12 +285,13 @@ The cursor is the rectangle on the screen which indicates the position called point (q.v.@:) at which insertion and deletion takes place. The cursor is on or under the character that follows point. Often people speak of `the cursor' when, strictly speaking, they mean -`point.' @xref{Basic,Cursor,Basic Editing}. +`point.' @xref{Point,Cursor}. @item Customization Customization is making minor changes in the way Emacs works. It is -often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or by rebinding -key sequences (@pxref{Keymaps}). +often done by setting variables (@pxref{Variables}) or faces +(@pxref{Face Customization}), or by rebinding key sequences +(@pxref{Keymaps}). @cindex cut and paste @item Cut and Paste @@ -302,8 +320,10 @@ A defun is a major definition at the top level in a program. The name @code{defun}. @xref{Defuns}. @item @key{DEL} -@key{DEL} is a character that runs the command to delete one character of -text. @xref{Basic,DEL,Basic Editing}. +@key{DEL} is a character that runs the command to delete one character +of text before the cursor. It is typically either the @key{DELETE} +key or the @key{BACKSPACE} key, whichever one is easy to type. +@xref{Erasing,DEL}. @item Deletion Deletion means erasing text without copying it into the kill ring @@ -358,9 +378,10 @@ arguments to commands, for asking questions, and showing brief messages @samp{*Messages*} so you can review them later. @xref{Echo Area}. @item Echoing -Echoing is acknowledging the receipt of commands by displaying them (in -the echo area). Emacs never echoes single-character key sequences; -longer key sequences echo only if you pause while typing them. +Echoing is acknowledging the receipt of input events by displaying +them (in the echo area). Emacs never echoes single-character key +sequences; longer key sequences echo only if you pause while typing +them. @item Electric We say that a character is electric if it is normally self-inserting @@ -420,6 +441,7 @@ such as font family and size, foreground and background colors, underline and strike-through, background stipple, etc. Emacs provides features to associate specific faces with portions of buffer text, in order to display that text as specified by the face attributes. +@xref{Faces}. @item File Locking Emacs uses file locking to notice when two different users @@ -478,16 +500,16 @@ See `page.' @item Frame A frame is a rectangular cluster of Emacs windows. Emacs starts out with one frame, but you can create more. You can subdivide each frame -into Emacs windows (q.v.@:). When you are using a windowing system, all -the frames can be visible at the same time. @xref{Frames}. Some -other editors use the term ``window'' for this, but in Emacs a window -means something else. +into Emacs windows (q.v.@:). When you are using a window system +(q.v.@:), all the frames can be visible at the same time. +@xref{Frames}. Some other editors use the term ``window'' for this, +but in Emacs a window means something else. @item Fringe -On windowed displays, there's a narrow portion of the frame (q.v.@:) -between the text area and the window's border. Emacs displays the -fringe using a special face (q.v.@:) called @code{fringe}. -@xref{Faces,fringe}. +On a graphical terminal (q.v.@:), there's a narrow portion of the +frame (q.v.@:) between the text area and the window's border. Emacs +displays the fringe using a special face (q.v.@:) called +@code{fringe}. @xref{Faces,fringe}. @item FTP FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. Emacs uses an FTP client @@ -533,16 +555,26 @@ just names. All the non-Meta (q.v.@:) characters except for the Control (q.v.@:) characters are graphic characters. These include letters, digits, punctuation, and spaces; they do not include @key{RET} or @key{ESC}. In Emacs, typing a graphic character inserts -that character (in ordinary editing modes). @xref{Basic,,Basic Editing}. +that character (in ordinary editing modes). @xref{Inserting Text}. + +@item Graphical Terminal +A graphical terminal is one that can display images and multiple fonts. +Usually it also has a window system (q.v.@:). @item Highlighting Highlighting text means displaying it with a different foreground and/or background color to make it stand out from the rest of the text in the buffer. +Emacs uses highlighting in several ways. When you mark a region with +the mouse, the region is always highlighted. Optionally Emacs can +also highlight the region whenever it is active (@pxref{Transient +Mark}). Incremental search also highlights matches (@pxref{Incremental +Search}). See also `font lock'. + @item Hardcopy Hardcopy means printed output. Emacs has commands for making printed -listings of text in Emacs buffers. @xref{Hardcopy}. +listings of text in Emacs buffers. @xref{Printing}. @item @key{HELP} @key{HELP} is the Emacs name for @kbd{C-h} or @key{F1}. You can type @@ -601,8 +633,8 @@ keys, pressing or releasing mouse buttons, and switching between Emacs frames. @xref{User Input}. @item Input Method -An input method is a system for entering non-ASCII text characters by -typing sequences of ASCII characters (q.v.@:). @xref{Input Methods}. +An input method is a system for entering non-@acronym{ASCII} text characters by +typing sequences of @acronym{ASCII} characters (q.v.@:). @xref{Input Methods}. @item Insertion Insertion means copying text into the buffer, either from the keyboard @@ -619,7 +651,10 @@ See `incremental search.' @item Justification Justification means adding extra spaces within lines of text to make them extend exactly to a specified width. -@xref{Filling,Justification}. +@xref{Format Justification}. + +@item Keybinding +See `binding.' @item Keyboard Macro Keyboard macros are a way of defining new Emacs commands from @@ -647,7 +682,7 @@ keymap binds the character @kbd{C-n} to the command function @item Keyboard Translation Table The keyboard translation table is an array that translates the character codes that come from the terminal into the character codes that make up -key sequences. @xref{Keyboard Translations}. +key sequences. @item Kill Ring The kill ring is where all text you have killed recently is saved. @@ -668,7 +703,7 @@ to exist. Any data within it, if not saved in a file, is lost. @item Language Environment Your choice of language environment specifies defaults for the input method (q.v.@:) and coding system (q.v.@:). @xref{Language -Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-ASCII text +Environments}. These defaults are relevant if you edit non-@acronym{ASCII} text (@pxref{International}). @item Line Wrapping @@ -710,7 +745,7 @@ A local value of a variable (q.v.@:) applies to only one buffer. @item @kbd{M-} @kbd{M-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @key{META}, one of the modifier keys that can accompany any character. -@xref{User Input}. +@xref{User Input,M-}. @item @kbd{M-C-} @kbd{M-C-} in the name of a character is an abbreviation for @@ -740,6 +775,10 @@ The Emacs major modes are a mutually exclusive set of options, each of which configures Emacs for editing a certain sort of text. Ideally, each programming language has its own major mode. @xref{Major Modes}. +@item Margin +The space between the usable part of a window (including the +fringe) and the window edge. + @item Mark The mark points to a position in the text. It specifies one end of the region (q.v.@:), point being the other end. Many commands operate on @@ -761,13 +800,17 @@ a keyboard interface to navigate it. @xref{Menu Bars}. See `mail.' @item Meta -Meta is the name of a modifier bit which a command character may have. -It is present in a character if the character is typed with the -@key{META} key held down. Such characters are given names that start -with @kbd{Meta-} (usually written @kbd{M-} for short). For example, -@kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{META} and at the same time -typing @kbd{<} (which itself is done, on most terminals, by holding -down @key{SHIFT} and typing @kbd{,}). @xref{User Input,Meta}. +Meta is the name of a modifier bit which you can use in a command +character. To enter a meta character, you hold down the @key{META} +key while typing the character. We refer to such characters with +names that start with @kbd{Meta-} (usually written @kbd{M-} for +short). For example, @kbd{M-<} is typed by holding down @key{META} +and at the same time typing @kbd{<} (which itself is done, on most +terminals, by holding down @key{SHIFT} and typing @kbd{,}). +@xref{User Input,Meta}. + +On some terminals, the @key{META} key is actually labeled @key{ALT} +or @key{EDIT}. @item Meta Character A Meta character is one whose character code includes the Meta bit. @@ -809,13 +852,13 @@ another. The usual way to move text by killing (q.v.@:) and then yanking (q.v.@:). @xref{Killing}. @item MULE -MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing multilingual non-ASCII text +MULE refers to the Emacs features for editing multilingual non-@acronym{ASCII} text using multibyte characters (q.v.@:). @xref{International}. @item Multibyte Character A multibyte character is a character that takes up several bytes in a -buffer. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-ASCII text, -since the number of non-ASCII characters is much more than 256. +buffer. Emacs uses multibyte characters to represent non-@acronym{ASCII} text, +since the number of non-@acronym{ASCII} characters is much more than 256. @xref{International Chars, International Characters}. @item Named Mark @@ -851,7 +894,7 @@ characters replace the existing text after point rather than pushing it to the right. @xref{Minor Modes}. @item Page -A page is a unit of text, delimited by formfeed characters (ASCII +A page is a unit of text, delimited by formfeed characters (@acronym{ASCII} control-L, code 014) coming at the beginning of a line. Some Emacs commands are provided for moving over and operating on pages. @xref{Pages}. @@ -870,8 +913,8 @@ end of a word or expression. @xref{Syntax}. Point is the place in the buffer at which insertion and deletion occur. Point is considered to be between two characters, not at one character. The terminal's cursor (q.v.@:) indicates the location of -point. @xref{Basic,Point,Basic Editing}. - +point. @xref{Point}. + @item Prefix Argument See `numeric argument.' @@ -918,7 +961,7 @@ convention. For example, an ``ordinary'' character as an Emacs command inserts itself; so in this context, a special character is any character that does not normally insert itself (such as @key{DEL}, for example), and quoting it makes it insert itself as if it were not special. Not -all contexts allow quoting. @xref{Basic,Quoting,Basic Editing}. +all contexts allow quoting. @xref{Inserting Text,Quoting}. @item Quoting File Names Quoting a file name turns off the special significance of constructs @@ -956,7 +999,7 @@ See `regular expression.' The region is the text between point (q.v.@:) and the mark (q.v.@:). Many commands operate on the text of the region. @xref{Mark,Region}. -@item Registers +@item Register Registers are named slots in which text or buffer positions or rectangles can be saved for later use. @xref{Registers}. A related Emacs feature is `bookmarks' (q.v.@:). @@ -1011,7 +1054,7 @@ systems. @xref{Scroll Bars}. @item Scrolling Scrolling means shifting the text in the Emacs window so as to see a -different part of the buffer. @xref{Display,Scrolling}. +different part of the buffer. @xref{Scrolling}. @item Searching Searching means moving point to the next occurrence of a specified @@ -1029,9 +1072,17 @@ applications can use it for transferring text to and from other applications. Emacs has special mouse commands for transferring text using the secondary selection. @xref{Secondary Selection}. -@item Selecting +@item Selected Frame +The selected frame is the one your input currently operates on. +@xref{Frames}. + +@item Selected Window +The selected frame is the one your input currently operates on. +@xref{Basic Window}. + +@item Selecting a Buffer Selecting a buffer means making it the current (q.v.@:) buffer. -@xref{Buffers,Selecting}. +@xref{Select Buffer}. @item Selection Windowing systems allow an application program to specify @@ -1070,8 +1121,12 @@ or her work. Emacs detects all cases of simultaneous editing, and warns one of the users to investigate. @xref{Interlocking,Interlocking,Simultaneous Editing}. +@item @key{SPC} +@key{SPC} is the space character, which you enter by pressing the +space bar. + @item Speedbar -Speedbar is a special tall frame that provides fast access to Emacs +The speedbar is a special tall frame that provides fast access to Emacs buffers, functions within those buffers, Info nodes, and other interesting parts of text within Emacs. @xref{Speedbar}. @@ -1117,6 +1172,10 @@ to its parent process, which is usually a shell. Unlike killing a job (q.v.@:), you can later resume the suspended Emacs job without losing your buffers, unsaved edits, undo history, etc. @xref{Exiting}. +@item @key{TAB} +@key{TAB} is the tab character. In Emacs it is typically used for +indentation or completion. + @item Tags Table A tags table is a file that serves as an index to the function definitions in one or more other files. @xref{Tags}. @@ -1180,7 +1239,7 @@ two adjacent characters, words, balanced expressions (q.v.@:) or lines Truncating text lines in the display means leaving out any text on a line that does not fit within the right margin of the window displaying it. See also `continuation line.' -@xref{Basic,Truncation,Basic Editing}. +@xref{Continuation Lines,Truncation}. @item TTY See `text-only terminal.' @@ -1191,8 +1250,9 @@ back the text that existed earlier in the editing session. @xref{Undo}. @item User Option -A user option is a variable (q.v.@:) that exists so that you can customize -Emacs by setting it to a new value. @xref{Variables}. +A user option is a face (q.v.@:) or a variable (q.v.@:) that exists so +that you can customize Emacs by setting it to a new value. +@xref{Easy Customization}. @item Variable A variable is an object in Lisp that can store an arbitrary value. @@ -1228,6 +1288,10 @@ can display the contents of one buffer (q.v.@:) at any time. other editors use the term ``window'' for what we call a `frame' (q.v.@:) in Emacs. +@item Window System +A window system is a graphical terminal (q.v.@:) that can display multiple +windows for different programs at the same time. + @item Word Abbrev See `abbrev.' @@ -1247,3 +1311,6 @@ undo a mistaken kill, or for copying or moving text. Some other systems call this ``pasting.'' @xref{Yanking}. @end table +@ignore + arch-tag: 0dd53ce1-5f09-4ac2-b13b-cf22b0f28d23 +@end ignore