+
@@ -58,8 +57,7 @@ href="mailto:rodsmith@rodsbooks.com">rodsmith@rodsbooks.com
-
--
-
- Using mvrefind.sh +
- Using mvrefind
- Renaming Files Manually @@ -226,13 +214,15 @@ href="mailto:rodsmith@rodsbooks.com">rodsmith@rodsbooks.com
I provide RPM and Debian package files for rEFInd; and starting with version 0.8.1, I'm maintaining an Ubuntu PPA for rEFInd. If you have a working RPM-based or Debian-based Linux installation that boots in EFI mode, using one of these files is likely to be the easiest way to install rEFInd: You need only download the file and issue an appropriate installation command. In some cases, double-clicking the package in your file manager will install it. If that doesn't work, a command like the following will install the RPM on an RPM-based system:
-# rpm -Uvh refind-0.8.7-1.x86_64.rpm+
# rpm -Uvh refind-0.10.4-1.x86_64.rpm
On a Debian-based system, the equivalent command is:
-# dpkg -i refind_0.8.7-1_amd64.deb+
# dpkg -i refind_0.10.4-1_amd64.deb+ + -
Either command produces output similar to that described for using the install.sh script, so you can check it for error messages and other signs of trouble. The package file installs rEFInd and registers it with the EFI to be the default boot loader. The script that runs as part of the installation process tries to determine if you're using Secure Boot, and if so it will try to configure rEFInd to launch using shim; however, this won't work correctly on all systems. Ubuntu 12.10 users who are booting with Secure Boot active should be wary, since the resulting installation will probably try to use Ubuntu's version of shim, which won't work correctly with rEFInd. The shim program provided with more recent versions of Ubuntu should work correctly.
+Either command produces output similar to that described for using the refind-install script, so you can check it for error messages and other signs of trouble. The package file installs rEFInd and registers it with the EFI to be the default boot loader. The script that runs as part of the installation process tries to determine if you're using Secure Boot, and if so it will try to configure rEFInd to launch using shim; however, this won't work correctly on all systems. Ubuntu 12.10 users who are booting with Secure Boot active should be wary, since the resulting installation will probably try to use Ubuntu's version of shim, which won't work correctly with rEFInd. The shim program provided with more recent versions of Ubuntu should work correctly.
If you're using Ubuntu, you should be able to install the PPA as follows:
@@ -241,33 +231,33 @@ href="mailto:rodsmith@rodsbooks.com">rodsmith@rodsbooks.com $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install refind -The PPA version will update automatically with your other software, which you might or might not want to have happen. It's also built with GNU-EFI rather than with TianoCore. This last detail should have no practical effects, but it might be important if you've got a buggy EFI or if there's some undiscovered rEFInd bug that interacts with the build environment.
+ -Since version 0.6.3, the installation script makes an attempt to install rEFInd in a bootable way even if you run the script from a BIOS-mode boot, and therefore the RPM and Debian packages do the same. I cannot guarantee that this will work, though, and even if it does, some of the tricks that install.sh uses might not persist for long. You might therefore want to use mvrefind.sh to move your rEFInd installation to another name after you boot Linux for the first time from rEFInd.
+The PPA version asks if you want to install rEFInd to your ESP. (Chances are you want to respond affirmatively.) The PPA version will update automatically with your other software, which you might or might not want to have happen. It's also built with GNU-EFI rather than with TianoCore. This last detail should have no practical effects, but it might be important if you've got a buggy EFI or if there's some undiscovered rEFInd bug that interacts with the build environment.
-Since version 0.6.2-2, my package files have installed the rEFInd binaries to /usr/share/refind-version, the documentation to /usr/share/doc/refind-version, and a few miscellaneous files elsewhere. (The PPA package omits the version number from the file paths.) Upon installation, the package runs the install.sh script to copy the files to the ESP. This enables you to re-install rEFInd after the fact by running install.sh, should some other tool or OS wipe the ESP or should the installation go awry. In such cases you can use install.sh or install manually.
+Since version 0.6.3, the installation script makes an attempt to install rEFInd in a bootable way even if you run the script from a BIOS-mode boot, and therefore the RPM and Debian packages do the same. I cannot guarantee that this will work, though, and even if it does, some of the tricks that refind-install uses might not persist for long. You might therefore want to use mvrefind to move your rEFInd installation to another name after you boot Linux for the first time from rEFInd.
+ +Since version 0.6.2-2, my package files have installed the rEFInd binaries to /usr/share/refind-version, the documentation to /usr/share/doc/refind-version, and a few miscellaneous files elsewhere. (The PPA package omits the version number from the file paths.) Upon installation, the package runs the refind-install script to copy the files to the ESP. This enables you to re-install rEFInd after the fact by running refind-install, should some other tool or OS wipe the ESP or should the installation go awry. In such cases you can use refind-install or install manually.
-Installing rEFInd Using install.sh under Linux or Mac OS X
+Installing rEFInd Using refind-install under Linux or Mac OS X
- + -If you're using Linux or Mac OS X, the easiest way to install rEFInd is to use the install.sh script. This script automatically copies rEFInd's files to your ESP or other target location and makes changes to your firmware's NVRAM settings so that rEFInd will start the next time you boot. If you've booted to OS X or in non-Secure-Boot EFI mode to Linux on a UEFI-based PC, install.sh will probably do the right thing, so you can get by with the quick instructions. If your setup is unusual, if your computer uses Secure Boot, or if you want to create a USB flash drive with rEFInd on it, you should read the extra instructions for this utility.
+If you're using Linux or Mac OS X, the easiest way to install rEFInd is to use the refind-install script. This script automatically copies rEFInd's files to your ESP or other target location and makes changes to your firmware's NVRAM settings so that rEFInd will start the next time you boot. If you've booted to OS X or in non-Secure-Boot EFI mode to Linux on a UEFI-based PC, refind-install will probably do the right thing, so you can get by with the quick instructions. If your setup is unusual, if your computer uses Secure Boot, or if you want to create a USB flash drive with rEFInd on it, you should read the man page for this utility.
- -Quick install.sh Instructions
- + -By default, the install.sh script installs rEFInd to your disk's ESP. Under Mac OS X, you can instead install rEFInd to your current OS X boot partition by passing the script the --notesp option, or to a non-boot HFS+ partition by using the --ownhfs devicefile option. Under either OS, you can install to something other than the currently-running OS by using the --root /mountpoint option. (See Table 1 for details.)
+By default, the refind-install script installs rEFInd to your disk's ESP. Under Mac OS X, you can instead install rEFInd to your current OS X boot partition by passing the script the --notesp option, or to a non-boot HFS+ partition by using the --ownhfs devicefile option. Under either OS, you can install to something other than the currently-running OS by using the --root /mountpoint option. (See Table 1 for details.)
-Under Linux, install.sh will be most reliable if your ESP is already mounted at /boot or /boot/efi, as described in more detail in the Installing rEFInd Manually Using Linux section. (If you installed Linux in EFI mode, chances are your ESP is properly mounted.) If your ESP is not so mounted, install.sh will attempt to locate and mount an ESP, but this action is not guaranteed to work correctly. If you run install.sh from a BIOS/legacy-mode boot, particularly on a computer that also runs Windows, you should be aware that the tricks the script uses to install itself from BIOS mode are rather delicate. You can convert to a more conventional configuration using the mvrefind.sh script after you've booted in EFI mode.
+Under Linux, refind-install will be most reliable if your ESP is already mounted at /boot or /boot/efi, as described in more detail in the Installing rEFInd Manually Using Linux section. (If you installed Linux in EFI mode, chances are your ESP is properly mounted.) If your ESP is not so mounted, refind-install will attempt to locate and mount an ESP, but this action is not guaranteed to work correctly. If you run refind-install from a BIOS/legacy-mode boot, particularly on a computer that also runs Windows, you should be aware that the tricks the script uses to install itself from BIOS mode are rather delicate. You can convert to a more conventional configuration using the mvrefind script after you've booted in EFI mode.
-Prior to version 0.8.4, install.sh installed rEFInd to the OS X root partition by default. I changed this because the default configuration for OS X 10.10 ("Yosemite") makes this placement unusable. Instead, install.sh now installs to the ESP under OS X, just as it does under Linux. If you're upgrading a working install of rEFInd to the OS X root partition, it's best to pass the --notesp option to install.sh. This option is described in more detail shortly.
+Prior to version 0.8.4, refind-install installed rEFInd to the OS X root partition by default. I changed this because the default configuration for OS X 10.10 ("Yosemite") makes this placement unusable. Instead, refind-install now installs to the ESP under OS X, just as it does under Linux. If you're upgrading a working install of rEFInd to the OS X root partition, it's best to pass the --notesp option to refind-install. This option is described in more detail shortly.
A sample run under Linux looks something like this:
-# ./install.sh +# ./refind-install Installing rEFInd on Linux.... ESP was found at /boot/efi using vfat Installing driver for ext4 (ext4_x64.efi) @@ -282,7 +272,7 @@ Installation has completed successfully.
The output under OS X is a bit different:
-$ ./install.sh +$ ./refind-install Not running as root; attempting to elevate privileges via sudo.... Password: Installing rEFInd on OS X.... @@ -294,12 +284,6 @@ Copied rEFInd binary files Copying sample configuration file as refind.conf; edit this file to configure rEFInd. - -WARNING: If you have an Advanced Format disk, *DO NOT* attempt to check the -bless status with 'bless --info', since this is known to cause disk corruption -on some systems!! - - Installation has completed successfully. Unmounting install dir@@ -308,161 +292,13 @@ Unmounting install dir
Note that the change to an ESP location for rEFInd with version 0.8.4 means that, if you upgrade rEFInd from an earlier version, you may notice a rEFInd boot option in the rEFInd menu. This option will boot the old version of rEFInd (or the new one, if something went wrong and the old version continues to boot). You can rid yourself of the unwanted boot menu by deleting the old files or by using dont_scan_dirs or dont_scan_files in refind.conf. Before you do this, you should use rEFInd to identify the unwanted files—the filename and volume identifier appear under the icons when you highlight the option. You can then locate and delete them from within OS X. Before you delete the old files, though, you may want to copy over any changes you've made to the rEFInd configuration, icons, and other support files.
- -Extra install.sh Instructions
- - -Some details that can affect how the script runs include the following:
- --
-
-
- If you run the script as an ordinary user, it attempts to acquire - root privileges by using the sudo command. This works - on Mac OS X and some Linux installations (such as under Ubuntu or if - you've added yourself to the sudo users list), but on some - Linux installations this will fail. On such systems, you should run - install.sh as root. - -
- Under OS X, you can run the script with a mouse by opening a Terminal - session and then dragging-and-dropping the install.sh file to - the Terminal window. You'll need to press the Return or Enter key to - run the script. - -
- If you're using OS X 10.7's Whole Disk Encryption (WDE) feature, or the - loogical volumes feature in OS X 10.10, you must install rEFInd - to the ESP or to a separate HFS+ partition. The default in rEFInd 0.8.4 - and later is to install to the ESP. If you prefer to use a separate - HFS+ volume, the --ownhfs device-file option to install.sh is - required. - -
- If you're not using WDE or logical volumes, you can install - rEFInd to the OS X root (/) partition by using the - --notesp option to install.sh. Using this option is - recommended when upgrading from a working rEFInd installation in this - location. - -
- If you're replacing rEFIt with rEFInd on a Mac, there's a chance that - install.sh will warn you about the presence of a program - called /Library/StartupItems/rEFItBlesser and ask if you want - to delete it. This program is designed to keep rEFIt set as the boot - manager by automatically re-blessing it if the default boot manager - changes. This is obviously undesirable if you install rEFInd as your - primary boot manager, so it's generally best to remove this program. If - you prefer to keep your options open, you can answer N when install.sh asks if you want to - delete rEFItBlesser, and instead manually copy it elsewhere. If you - subsequently decide to go back to using rEFIt as your primary boot - manager, you can restore rEFItBlesser to its place. - -
- If you're using OS X and an Advanced Format disk, heed the warning that - install.sh displays and do not use bless - --info to check your installation status; this combination has - been reported to cause disk corruption on some Macs! - -
- If you intend to boot BIOS-based OSes on a UEFI-based PC, you - must edit the refind.conf file's scanfor line - to enable the relevant searches. This is not necessary on Macs, - though; because of the popularity of dual boots with Windows on Macs, - the BIOS/legacy scans are enabled by default on Macs. - -
- On Linux, install.sh checks the filesystem type of the - /boot directory and, if a matching filesystem driver is - available, installs it. Note that the "/boot directory" may be - on a separate partition or it may be part of your root (/) - filesystem, in which case the driver for your root filesystem is - installed. This feature is unlikely to work properly from an emergency - system, although it might if you have a separate /boot - partition and if you mount that partition at /boot in your - emergency system, and the ESP at /boot/efi. - -
- On OS X, install.sh checks your partition tables for signs of - a Linux installation. If such a sign is found, the script installs the - EFI filesystem driver for the Linux ext4 filesystem. This will enable - rEFInd to read your Linux kernel if it's on an ext2, ext3, or - ext4 filesystem. Note that some configurations will require a - /boot/refind_linux.conf file, which can be reliably generated - only under Linux. (The mkrlconf.sh script that comes with - rEFInd will do this job once you've booted Linux.) In the meantime, you - can launch GRUB from rEFInd or press F2 or Insert twice after - highlighting the Linux option in rEFInd. This will enable you to enter - a root=/dev/whatever specification, - where /dev/whatever is the device - identifier of your Linux root (/) filesystem. - -
- If you run install.sh on Linux and if - /boot/refind_linux.conf doesn't already exist, - install.sh creates this file and populates it with a few - sample entries. If /boot is on a FAT partition (or HFS+ on a - Mac), or if it's on an ext2fs, ext3fs, ext4fs, ReiserFS, or HFS+ - partition and you install an appropriate driver, the - result is that rEFInd will detect your kernel and will probably boot it - correctly. Some systems will require manual tweaking to - refind_linux.conf, though—for instance, to add - dolvm to the boot options on Gentoo systems that use LVM. - -
In addition to these quirks, you should be aware of some options that install.sh supports to enable you to customize your installation in various ways. The syntax for install.sh is as follows:
- --install.sh [--notesp | --usedefault device-file | --root mount-point | \ - --ownhfs device-file ] \ - [--nodrivers | --alldrivers] [--shim shim-filename] [--localkeys] [--yes] -- -
The details of the options are summarized in Table 1. Broadly speaking, they come in four classes: installation location options (--notesp, --usedefault, and --root), driver options (--nodrivers and --alldrivers), Secure Boot options (--shim and --localkeys), and a user input option (--yes). Using some of these options in unusual conditions can generate warnings and prompts to confirm your actions. In particular, using --shim or --localkeys when you're not booted in Secure Boot mode, or failing to use --shim when you are booted in Secure Boot mode, will generate a query and a request to confirm your installation. Consult the Managing Secure Boot page for more on this topic.
- -| Option | -Explanation | -
|---|---|
| --notesp | -This option, which is valid only under OS X, tells install.sh to install rEFInd to the OS X root partition rather than to the ESP. This behavior was the default in rEFInd 0.8.3 and earlier, so you may want to use it when upgrading installations of that version, unless you used --esp (which is now the default behavior, although the --esp option no longer exists) or --ownhfs. You may also want to use --notesp on new installations if you're sure you're not using whole-disk encryption or logical volumes. | -
| --usedefault device-file | -You can install rEFInd to a disk using the default/fallback filename of EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi (and EFI/BOOT/bootia32.efi, if the 32-bit build is available) using this option. The device-file should be an unmounted ESP, or at least a FAT partition, as in --usedefault /dev/sdc1. Your computer's NVRAM entries will not be modified when installing in this way. The intent is that you can create a bootable USB flash drive or install rEFInd on a computer that tends to "forget" its NVRAM settings with this option. This option is mutually exclusive with --notesp and --root. | -
| --ownhfs device-file | -This option should be used only under OS X. It's used to install rEFInd to an HFS+ volume other than a standard Mac boot volume. The result should be that rEFInd will show up in the Mac's own boot manager. More importantly, suspend-to-RAM operations may work correctly. Note that this option requires an HFS+ volume that is not currently an OS X boot volume. This can be a data volume or a dedicated rEFInd partition. The ESP might also work, if it's converted to use HFS+. | -
| --root /mount-point | -This option is intended to help install rEFInd from a "live CD" or other emergency system. To use it, you should mount your regular installation at /mount-point, including your /boot directory (if it's separate) at /mount-point/boot and (on Linux) your ESP at that location or at /mount-point/boot/efi. The install.sh script then installs rEFInd to the appropriate location—on Linux, /mount-point/boot/EFI/refind or /mount-point/boot/efi/EFI/refind, depending on where you've mounted your ESP. Under OS X, this option is only useful in conjunction with --notesp, in which case rEFInd will install to /mount-point/EFI/refind. The script also adds an entry to your NVRAM for rEFInd at this location. You cannot use this option with --usedefault. Note that this option is not needed when doing a dual-boot Linux/OS X installation; just install normally in OS X. | -
| --nodrivers | -Ordinarily install.sh attempts to install the driver required to read /boot on Linux. This attempt works only if you're using ext2fs, ext3fs, ext4fs, or ReiserFS on the relevant partition. If you want to forego this driver installation, pass the --nodrivers option. This option is the implicit when you use --usedefault. | -
| --alldrivers | -When you specify this option, install.sh copies all the driver files for your architecture. You may want to remove unused driver files after you use this option, especially if your computer uses Secure Boot. Note that some computers hang or fail to work with any drivers if you use this option, so use it with caution. | -
| --shim shim-filename or --preloader preloader-filename | -If you pass this option to install.sh, the script will copy the specified shim program file to the target directory, copy the MokManager.efi file from the shim program file's directory to the target directory, copy the 64-bit version of rEFInd as grubx64.efi, and register shim with the firmware. (If you also specify --usedefault, the NVRAM registration is skipped.) When the target file is identified as PreLoader, much the same thing happens, but install.sh copies HashTool.efi instead of MokManager.efi and copies rEFInd as loader.efi rather than as grubx64.efi. The intent is to simplify rEFInd installation on a computer that uses Secure Boot; when so set up, rEFInd will boot in Secure Boot mode, with one caveat: The first time you boot, MokManager/HashTool will launch, and you must use it to locate and install a public key or register rEFInd as a trusted application. The rEFInd public key file will be located in the rEFInd directory's keys subdirectory under the name refind.cer. Note that I'm not providing a shim binary myself, but you can download one from here. Some distributions also provide their own shim programs, so can point to them—for instance, in /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/shim.efi. | -
| --localkeys | -This option tells install.sh to generate a new Machine Owner Key (MOK), store it in /etc/refind.d/keys as refind_local.*, and re-sign all the 64-bit rEFInd binaries with this key before installing them. This is the preferable way to install rEFInd in Secure Boot mode, since it means your binaries will be signed locally rather than with my own key, which is used to sign many other users' binaries; however, this method requires that both the openssl and sbsign binaries be installed. The former is readily available in most distributions' repositories, but the latter is not, so this option is not the default. | -
| --yes | -This option causes the script to assume a Y input to every yes/no prompt that can be generated under certain conditions, such as if you specify --shim but install.sh detects no evidence of a Secure Boot installation. This option is intended mainly for use by scripts such as those that might be used as part of an installation via an RPM or Debian package. | -
After you run install.sh, you should peruse the script's output to ensure that everything looks OK. install.sh displays error messages when it encounters errors, such as if the ESP is mounted read-only or if you run out of disk space. You may need to correct such problems manually and re-run the script. In some cases you may need to fall back on manual installation, which gives you better control over details such as which partition to use for installation.
+The refind-install script supports a number of options that can affect how it operates. For information on these options, consult the script's man page: Type man refind-install if you installed rEFInd via an RPM or Debian package; or read it in HTML form.
Installing rEFInd Manually
-Sometimes the install.sh script just won't do the job, or you may need to install using an OS that it doesn't support, such as Windows. In these cases, you'll have to install rEFInd the old-fashioned way, using file-copying commands and utilities to add the program to your EFI's boot loader list. I describe how to do this with Linux, OS X, Windows, and the EFI shell.
+Sometimes the refind-install script just won't do the job, or you may need to install using an OS that it doesn't support, such as Windows. In these cases, you'll have to install rEFInd the old-fashioned way, using file-copying commands and utilities to add the program to your EFI's boot loader list. I describe how to do this with Linux, OS X, Windows, and the EFI shell.
Installing rEFInd Manually Using Linux
@@ -476,7 +312,7 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 191284 16604 174681 9% /boot/efi - +This example shows that /dev/sda1 is mounted at /boot/efi, which is a typical configuration. (The ESP can be on another disk or partition, but /dev/sda1 is the most common place for an ESP.) If your output shows /boot or / under the Mounted on column, then your ESP isn't mounted. (An exception is if you're mounting the ESP at /boot. This is an unusual configuration. If you're using it, you can proceed, making suitable adjustments to subsequent commands.) If you get a df: `/boot/efi': No such file or directory error message, then the /boot/efi directory doesn't even exist. In such cases, you may need to jump through some extra hoops, as described on my EFI Boot Loader Installation page.
@@ -488,16 +324,16 @@ Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted onInstalling rEFInd Manually Using Mac OS X
+ +Before installing rEFInd on a Mac, you must determine whether it uses a 32-bit or 64-bit EFI implementation. Most Intel-based Macs have 64-bit EFIs, so you should use the refind_x64.efi file with them; but very early Intel-based Macs have 32-bit EFIs (and sometimes 32-bit CPUs), which require the refind_ia32.efi file. You can determine whether your Mac needs the x86-64 or IA32 build by typing the following command in a Mac Terminal window:
@@ -531,16 +369,19 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi
- If you're installing rEFInd on the ESP, type sudo bless --mount /Volumes/esp --setBoot --file - /Volumes/esp/efi/refind/refind_x64.efi --shortform, adjusting + class="userinput">sudo bless --mount /Volumes/ESP --setBoot --file + /Volumes/ESP/efi/refind/refind_x64.efi --shortform, adjusting the mount point and exact path to the file as appropriate for your installation.
- If you're installing rEFInd to an ordinary HFS+ volume, type ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi necessary if you're placing rEFInd somewhere else or using the 32-bit version.)
The EasyUEFI tool is a free (as in beer) GUI tool for managing EFI boot programs. I've only tried it once, and it seemed fairly intuitive and easy to use, but I don't have detailed instructions on how to use it. If you want to use EasyUEFI, you'll have to use it in place of bcdedit at the end of the following procedure.
+ +Attempt this method of installation only on a UEFI-based PC; this method will not work on Windows that's installed on a Mac in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode. To install rEFInd under Windows, you must first find a way to access the ESP, which Windows normally hides from view. One way to accomplish this goal, and to proceed forward once the ESP is accessible, is as follows:
-
@@ -632,7 +475,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi
- Type cd EFI\refind to change into the refind subdirectory -
- You may want to selectively delete some of the drivers in the drivers_x64 or drivers_ia32 directory, depending on your architecture and needs. Unnecessary drivers will slow the rEFInd start process, and can even cause the drivers you need to not work or cause a system crash. See the page on drivers for more on this topic. +
- You may want to selectively delete some of the drivers in the drivers_x64, drivers_ia32, or drivers_aa64 directory, depending on your architecture and needs. Unnecessary drivers will slow the rEFInd start process, and can even cause the drivers you need to not work or cause a system crash. See the page on drivers for more on this topic.
- Type rename refind.conf-sample refind.conf to rename rEFInd's configuration file. @@ -707,8 +550,8 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi
- Change to the directory in which rEFInd's files exist. -
- Type cp refind_x64.efi fs0:\EFI\refind to - copy the rEFInd binary file. (Adjust the name if you're using a 32-bit +
- Type cp refind_x64.efi fs0:\EFI\refind to copy + the rEFInd binary file. (Adjust the name if you're using an IA32 or AARCH64 computer.)
- Type cp refind.conf-sample @@ -719,9 +562,9 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi rEFInd's icons.
- Optionally, type cp -r drivers_x64 - fs0:\EFI\refind\ to copy rEFInd's 64-bit drivers. (You could - instead copy the 32-bit drivers or limit yourself to just the drivers - you need, of course.) + fs0:\EFI\refind\ to copy rEFInd's X64 drivers. (You could instead copy + the IA32 or AARCH64 drivers or limit yourself to just the drivers you need, + of course.)
- Type fs0:, if necessary, to change to the ESP. @@ -785,16 +628,16 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi -
- The script renames rEFInd in a way that's sensitive to its source and - destination directories—for instance, mvrefind.sh knows + destination directories—for instance, mvrefind knows that rEFInd (or shim, for Secure Boot installations) must be called bootx64.efi on a 64-bit installation in /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT, so it looks for rEFInd under that name @@ -823,7 +666,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi
- In OS X, if you copy over the original file with the new one, you'll probably have to re-bless it to make it work. -
- Under Linux or OS X, you can re-run the install.sh script. In +
- Under Linux or OS X, you can re-run the refind-install script. In most cases this works fine, but you'll end up with a duplicate of the icons directory (icons-backup, which holds the original icons, whereas icons holds the icons from the new package). Normally this just wastes some disk space; but if you've customized your icons, you'll need to copy your altered icons back. Under Linux, versions - 0.6.2 and later of install.sh search for rEFInd in several + 0.6.2 and later of refind-install search for rEFInd in several locations on the ESP, and will upgrade whatever is found. The same is true with versions 0.8.5 and later under OS X when installing to the ESP. If you install to a location other than the ESP under OS X, be - sure to include the same option to install.sh + sure to include the same option to refind-install (--notesp or --ownhfs) to replace the original rather than create a new installation to the ESP.
- Under an RPM- or Debian-based Linux distribution, you can use your package system to install a newer version of the RPM or Debian package that I provide. This will upgrade the files in your Linux filesystem - and re-run the install.sh script, so as with the previous + and re-run the refind-install script, so as with the previous options, you'll waste a little disk space on duplicated icons, but the process should otherwise work quite well. @@ -899,14 +742,18 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi on how the package was created, though, this update might or might not install the update to the ESP; you might need to manually re-run the installation script. Consult your distribution's documentation for - details. My Ubuntu PPA will automatically run install.sh after - the package is installed. + details. My Ubuntu PPA will automatically run refind-install after + the package is installed if you selected the option to install + to the ESP; if you opted to skip this step, my PPA version will + continue to do so at every update, leaving you to manually update the + copy on the ESP. (You can change this behavior by typing sudo dpkg-reconfigure refind.) -
- Install rEFInd to an HFS+ volume using the --ownhfs option to install.sh. Unfortunately, this solution requires either creating a small HFS+ volume for rEFInd or using an already-existing non-bootable HFS+ volume (if you've got one for data storage, for example). +
- Install rEFInd to an HFS+ volume using the --ownhfs option to refind-install. Unfortunately, this solution requires either creating a small HFS+ volume for rEFInd or using an already-existing non-bootable HFS+ volume (if you've got one for data storage, for example).
- Type sudo pmset -a autopoweroff 0 in a Terminal window. This solution is likely to work if sleep operations work normally up to a point, but fail after about three hours. @@ -1150,11 +997,11 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi
- If you used the --ownhfs option to install.sh, +
- If you used the --ownhfs option to refind-install, rEFInd will be in the System/Library/CoreServices directory on the volume you specified. @@ -1184,7 +1031,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi
- In all cases, there could be duplicate (inactive) rEFInd files in unexpected places. This is particularly true if you tried installing rEFInd multiple times, each with different options to - install.sh. Thus, if you delete rEFInd and it still comes + refind-install. Thus, if you delete rEFInd and it still comes up, you may have deleted the wrong files. (Note that dragging files to the Trash may have no effect, though—at least, not until you empty the Trash.) @@ -1193,7 +1040,8 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi
- If necessary, mount the ESP or rEFInd-specific HFS+ volume, as described in Installing rEFInd Manually Using Mac OS - X. + X.
- Verify that rEFInd is installed in the directory noted in step #1. If a refind.conf file is present, rEFInd is almost certainly @@ -1202,7 +1050,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi System/Library/CoreServices directory, since that's the default location of the OS X boot loader! Never delete this directory from your OS X root (/) partition, only from the - partition you specified to install.sh using the + partition you specified to refind-install using the --ownhfs option.
- Once you've identified the rEFInd directory, delete it, or at least the @@ -1210,7 +1058,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi bootx64.efi, boot.efi, or conceivably something else. You may need to use sudo rm at the command line to accomplish this task, as in sudo rm -r - /Volumes/esp/EFI/refind. + /Volumes/ESP/EFI/refind.
If you need to use one of these names, or something more exotic, you can do so in either of two ways: You can use the mvrefind.sh script to move your installation in one step, or you can move and rename your files manually.
+If you need to use one of these names, or something more exotic, you can do so in either of two ways: You can use the mvrefind script to move your installation in one step, or you can move and rename your files manually.
-Using mvrefind.sh
+Using mvrefind
-The easiest way to move a rEFInd installation, at least in Linux, is to use the mvrefind.sh script. If you installed from one of my RPM or Debian packages, this script should be installed in /usr/sbin, so you can use it like a regular Linux command; otherwise you'll need to install it to your path yourself or type its complete path. Either way, it works much like the Linux mv command, but you pass it the directory in which a rEFInd installation appears and a target location:
+The easiest way to move a rEFInd installation, at least in Linux, is to use the mvrefind script. If you installed from one of my RPM or Debian packages, this script should be installed in /usr/sbin, so you can use it like a regular Linux command; otherwise you'll need to install it to your path yourself or type its complete path. Either way, it works much like the Linux mv command, but you pass it the directory in which a rEFInd installation appears and a target location:
-# mvrefind.sh /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT /boot/efi/EFI/refind +# mvrefind /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT /boot/efi/EFI/refind
This example moves rEFInd from /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT to /boot/efi/EFI/refind. It differs from mv in several ways: @@ -802,7 +645,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi
The mvrefind.sh script is likely to be useful in resolving boot problems—if your system won't boot, you can try copying the installation to /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT, /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot, and /boot/efi/EFI/refind in turn, testing the boot process after each attempt. (These filenames all assume your ESP is mounted at /boot/efi.) You could also copy a BIOS-mode install from /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT or /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot to /boot/efi/EFI/refind to make it more robust against Windows repairs (assuming your firmware isn't broken).
+The mvrefind script is likely to be useful in resolving boot problems—if your system won't boot, you can try copying the installation to /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT, /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot, and /boot/efi/EFI/refind in turn, testing the boot process after each attempt. (These filenames all assume your ESP is mounted at /boot/efi.) You could also copy a BIOS-mode install from /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT or /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot to /boot/efi/EFI/refind to make it more robust against Windows repairs (assuming your firmware isn't broken).
Renaming Files Manually
@@ -872,24 +715,24 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abiIn all cases, if the new version includes new or altered configuration file options, you may need to manually update your configuration file. Alternatively, if you've used the default configuration file, you can replace your working refind.conf with refind.conf-sample from the rEFInd zip file. (When using install.sh, this file will be copied to rEFInd's installation directory under its original name, so you can rename it within that directory to replace the old file.)
+In all cases, if the new version includes new or altered configuration file options, you may need to manually update your configuration file. Alternatively, if you've used the default configuration file, you can replace your working refind.conf with refind.conf-sample from the rEFInd zip file. (When using refind-install, this file will be copied to rEFInd's installation directory under its original name, so you can rename it within that directory to replace the old file.)
-If you're upgrading to rEFInd from rEFIt, you can simply run the install.sh script as described earlier or perform a manual installation. Once installed, rEFInd will take over boot manager duties. You'll still be able to launch rEFIt from rEFInd; a rEFIt icon will appear in rEFInd's menu. You can eliminate this option by removing the rEFIt files, which normally reside in /EFI/refit.
+If you're upgrading to rEFInd from rEFIt, you can simply run the refind-install script as described earlier or perform a manual installation. Once installed, rEFInd will take over boot manager duties. You'll still be able to launch rEFIt from rEFInd; a rEFIt icon will appear in rEFInd's menu. You can eliminate this option by removing the rEFIt files, which normally reside in /EFI/refit.
Installing Additional Components
@@ -966,7 +813,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi original rEFIt version of the program usually goes by the filename gptsync.efi, whereas the updated rEFInd version ships with an architecture code, as in gptsync_x64.efi or - gptsync_ia32.efi. The rEFInd install.sh script + gptsync_ia32.efi. The rEFInd refind-install script installs gptsync_arch.efi when run under OS X, but not when run on Linux. In addition to installing the program, you must edit refind.conf, uncomment the @@ -1016,7 +863,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abiUsing the --shortform Option
-Prior to version 0.8.5, these instructions and the install.sh script omitted the --shortform option from the bless command when installing rEFInd to the ESP. An rEFInd user, however, discovered that using the option eliminated the 30-second delay, so it is now the default with 0.8.5's install.sh, and is specified in the instructions. If you installed rEFInd 0.8.4 or earlier, you may want to re-install or re-bless rEFInd using this option.
+Prior to version 0.8.5, these instructions and the refind-install script omitted the --shortform option from the bless command when installing rEFInd to the ESP. A rEFInd user, however, discovered that using the option eliminated the 30-second delay, so it is now the default with 0.8.5's refind-install, and is specified in the instructions. If you installed rEFInd 0.8.4 or earlier, you may want to re-install or re-bless rEFInd using this option.
There is one caveat, though: The man page for bless notes that --shortform notes that its use can come "at the expense of boot time performance." Thus, it's not clear to me that this option might not actually create problems on some computers. (It's eliminated the boot delay on my 2014 MacBook Air and has no detrimental effect on an old 32-bit Mac Mini that's never had a boot delay problem, though.) Thus, if you have problems with rEFInd 0.8.5 or later, you might try running bless, as described in Installing rEFInd Manually Using OS X's step 8, but omit the --shortform option.
@@ -1024,7 +871,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abiUsing the Fallback Filename
-I've received a few reports that installing rEFInd to the ESP using the fallback filename (EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi on most systems, or EFI/BOOT/bootia32.efi on very old Macs) can work around a sluggish boot problem. In fact, version 0.8.4's install.sh script copied the rEFInd binary to this name when run under OS X. (Version 0.8.5 switches to using --shortform with the more conventional EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi or EFI/refind/refind_ia32.efi name, as just noted.) If you installed to a name other than EFI/BOOT/BOOT{ARCH}, either manually or by using the 0.8.5 or later install.sh, renaming (and re-blessing) the installation is worth trying.
+I've received a few reports that installing rEFInd to the ESP using the fallback filename (EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi on most systems, or EFI/BOOT/bootia32.efi on very old Macs) can work around a sluggish boot problem. In fact, version 0.8.4's refind-install script copied the rEFInd binary to this name when run under OS X. (Version 0.8.5 switches to using --shortform with the more conventional EFI/refind/refind_x64.efi or EFI/refind/refind_ia32.efi name, as just noted.) If you installed to a name other than EFI/BOOT/BOOT{ARCH}, either manually or by using the 0.8.5 or later refind-install, renaming (and re-blessing) the installation is worth trying.
Moving rEFInd to an HFS+ Volume
@@ -1032,7 +879,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abiMost of the reports of sluggish Macintosh boots I've seen note that the user installed rEFInd to the ESP rather than to the OS X root partition. Some users have reported that re-installing rEFInd to the OS X root partition clears up the problem. This is obviously a straightforward solution to the problem, if it works. (This location is not an option when using WDE or OS X logical volumes.) Note that rEFInd can launch boot loaders that are stored on any partition that the EFI can read no matter where it's installed; therefore, you'll still be able to launch boot loaders stored on the ESP (or elsewhere) if you install it in this way.
-A variant of this solution is to create a small (~100MiB) HFS+ volume to be used exclusively by rEFInd. You can then install rEFInd to that volume with the --ownhfs option to install.sh, as in ./install.sh --ownhfs /dev/disk0s6 if the volume is /dev/disk0s6. This approach has the advantage that it can be managed via OS X's own Startup Disk tool in System Preferences.
+A variant of this solution is to create a small (~100MiB) HFS+ volume to be used exclusively by rEFInd. You can then install rEFInd to that volume with the --ownhfs option to refind-install, as in ./refind-install --ownhfs /dev/disk0s6 if the volume is /dev/disk0s6. This approach has the advantage that it can be managed via OS X's own Startup Disk tool in System Preferences.
The biggest drawback to storing rEFInd on an HFS+ volume is that you won't be able to edit the rEFInd configuration file or move rEFInd-related binaries from an EFI shell if you install it in this way, since Apple's HFS+ driver for EFI is read-only. (The same is true of rEFInd's HFS+ driver, so it won't help you overcome this limitation.) You may also be limited in making changes to your rEFInd configuration from Linux or other OSes, too, since Linux's HFS+ drivers disable write support by default on volumes with an active journal. You can force write access by using the force option to mount; however, this procedure is noted as being risky in the Linux HFS+ documentation, so I don't recommend doing this on a regular basis on the OS X boot volume. This isn't as risky if you use a dedicated HFS+ rEFInd partition, though. You could even mount it as the Linux /boot partition, in which case it would also hold the Linux kernel and related files.
@@ -1064,7 +911,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi-
-
The easiest way to restore the standard OS X boot loader on a Mac is not to uninstall rEFInd; it's to bypass it. This can be accomplished with the Startup Disk item in the System Preferences panel:
-
-
Select your startup disk (Macintosh HD OS X, 10.10.1 in this example) and then click Restart. The computer should reboot into OS X, bypassing rEFInd.
+Select your startup disk (Macintosh HD OS X, 10.11.3 in this example) and then click Restart. The computer should reboot into OS X, bypassing rEFInd.
I recommend stopping here, because the procedure for completely removing rEFInd from a Mac depends on your installation method and tends to be challenging for many Mac users, who are unfamiliar with the necessary command-line tools. Basically, you must reverse the steps described earlier, in Installing rEFInd Manually Using Mac OS X:
@@ -1174,7 +1021,7 @@ $ ioreg -l -p IODeviceTree | grep firmware-abi it will be in EFI/refind or EFI/BOOT on the ESP. -This example shows use of efibootmgr's --verbose (-v) option to display boot programs so as to identify which one is rEFInd, followed by --delete-bootnum (-B) to delete a boot program and --bootnum (-b) to identify which one to delete. Of course, in this example there's not much else left, so you'd presumably want to install another boot program at this point! If you already have another one installed, you may want to check the BootOrder line to determine which one will take precedence when you reboot. If you don't like what it shows, you can adjust it with the --bootorder (-o) option; consult efibootmgr's man page for details.
If you're not using Linux, you may be able to find a utility that serves @@ -1248,7 +1094,7 @@ may work, although I've not attempted this.
-
copyright © 2012–2015 by Roderick W. Smith
+copyright © 2012–2017 by Roderick W. Smith
This document is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (FDL), version 1.3.
@@ -1256,7 +1102,7 @@ may work, although I've not attempted this. -Comments on rEFInd and OS X 10.10 (Yosemite)
+Preventing and Repairing Boot Coups
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