1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2006-06-04
2 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end for copying conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in emacs version 22.
11 See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
12 in older emacs versions.
14 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
15 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
18 +++ indicates that the appropriate manual has already been updated.
19 --- means no change in the manuals is called for.
20 When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or ---
21 so we will look at it and add it to the manual.
24 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
27 ** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
28 `--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
32 ** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
35 ** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
36 when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
37 provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
40 ** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
43 ** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
44 scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
45 place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
46 configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
47 to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
48 to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
49 in each user's home directory.
52 ** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
53 You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
57 ** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
59 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
60 Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
61 Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy
62 accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
65 ** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
68 This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
69 together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
70 item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy accessible
71 (Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
74 ** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
75 following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
76 with simplified and traditional characters), French, and Italian.
77 Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language setup
78 doesn't automatically select the right one.
81 ** A Portuguese translation of Emacs' reference card has been added.
82 Its name is `pt-br-refcard.tex'. The corresponding PostScript file is
87 ** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
90 ** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
91 (Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
92 the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
93 setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
96 ** Support for Cygwin was added.
99 ** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
102 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
105 ** Support for MacOS X was added.
106 See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
109 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
112 ** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
113 create non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
114 the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
117 ** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
118 types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
121 ** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
122 much pure storage it will approximately need.
124 ** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
125 contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
129 ** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
130 The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
131 terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
134 ** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
137 * Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
140 ** New command line option -Q or --quick.
141 This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
142 the fancy startup screen.
145 ** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
146 Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
150 ** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
151 the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
154 ** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
155 It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
156 can start with this line:
158 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
161 ** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
162 Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
163 appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
165 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
167 Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
168 in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
171 ** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
172 --no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
175 ** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
176 Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
179 ** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
180 now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
181 an interactively callable function.
184 ** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
185 all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
186 affects the initial frame.
189 ** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
190 When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
191 `--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
192 whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
193 screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
196 ** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
197 arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
198 disables the splash screen; see also the variable
199 `inhibit-startup-message' (which is also aliased as
200 `inhibit-splash-screen').
203 ** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon, so the command-line options
204 --icon-type, -i has been replaced with options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn
208 ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
209 When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
210 displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
214 If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
215 ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. You can also put the shell
216 init file .emacs_SHELL under ~/.emacs.d.
219 ** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
220 automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
221 modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
222 can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
223 according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
225 * Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
228 ** M-g is now a prefix key.
229 M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
230 M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
231 M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
234 ** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
235 and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
237 When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
238 point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
241 ** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
242 since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
243 the operating system or your X server.
246 ** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
249 ** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
250 (beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
254 ** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
255 in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
258 ** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
259 previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
260 C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
261 to set the mark immediately after a jump.
264 ** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
265 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
268 ** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
270 See below under "incremental search changes".
273 ** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
275 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
276 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
277 directory with Dired.
279 You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
280 the actual file name into the minibuffer.
283 ** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
284 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
285 it remains unchanged.
288 ** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
289 This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
290 need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
291 keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
292 "New keymaps for typing file names".
295 ** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
296 M-o M-o requests refontification.
299 ** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
301 See below for more details.
304 ** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
305 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
306 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
307 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
308 doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
309 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
311 * Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
314 ** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
315 cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
316 crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
317 killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
318 not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
322 ** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
323 On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
326 ** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
327 (previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
328 C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
329 cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
332 ** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
335 ** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
336 converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
339 ** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
340 but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
341 analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
344 ** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
345 `insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
348 ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
349 By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
352 ** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
353 be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
354 `yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
355 of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
358 ** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
359 been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
360 in Indented-Text mode.
363 ** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
365 Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
366 now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
367 in the value, use `$$'.
370 ** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
371 understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
375 ** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
378 ** The command `list-faces-display' now accepts a prefix arg.
379 When passed, the function prompts for a regular expression and lists
380 only faces matching this regexp.
382 ** Mark command changes:
385 *** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
386 previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the
387 mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump.
390 *** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
392 If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
393 (mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
394 extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
395 M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
396 mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
397 region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
398 the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
399 in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
400 or set the new mark with C-SPC.
403 *** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
405 With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
406 if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
410 *** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
411 mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
412 region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
413 want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
414 ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
417 One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
418 and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
419 This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
422 After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
423 deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
424 that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
428 *** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
429 `beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
430 is already active in Transient Mark mode.
432 ** Help command changes:
435 *** Changes in C-h bindings:
437 C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
439 C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
441 C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
444 C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
445 C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
447 The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
448 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
450 C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
451 - C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
452 run by the key sequence.
453 - C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
454 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
457 For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
458 to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
459 - C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
460 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
461 - C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
462 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
463 - C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
464 new-kill-line is on C-k
467 *** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
468 arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
469 default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
470 `help-default-arg-highlight'.
473 *** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
474 variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
477 *** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
478 preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
479 hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
480 preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
481 hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
482 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
483 anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
484 addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
485 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
488 *** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
489 description various information about a character, including its
490 encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
491 widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
492 clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
495 *** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
496 C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
499 *** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
500 in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
501 same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
502 `help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
503 keyboard oriented alternative.
506 *** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows to
507 automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
508 point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
509 determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
510 to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
513 *** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
514 When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
515 be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
519 *** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
520 to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
521 number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
522 regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
523 match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
526 ** Incremental Search changes:
529 *** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
530 To enable this feature, customize the new user option
531 `isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
532 constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
536 *** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
537 making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
538 command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
539 bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
542 *** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
543 at the end of a line.
546 *** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
547 Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
548 and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
551 *** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
552 `query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
553 search string used as the string to replace.
556 *** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
557 history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
558 user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
560 ** Replace command changes:
563 *** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
564 `query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
565 a match if part of it has a read-only property.
568 *** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
569 `replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
570 where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
571 time. In many cases, this will be more convenient than using
572 `query-replace-regexp-eval'. `\#' in a replacement string now refers
573 to the count of replacements already made by the replacement command.
574 All regular expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the
575 replacement string to specify a position where the replacement string
576 can be edited for each replacement.
579 *** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
580 `query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
583 *** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
584 `query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
586 ** Local variables lists:
589 *** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
590 suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
593 *** Text properties in local variables.
595 A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
596 properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
599 *** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
600 are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
601 the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
602 was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
603 definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
605 At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
606 variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
607 option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
608 Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
609 `safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
610 However, risky variables will not be added to
611 `safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
614 *** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
615 lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
616 behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
617 nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
620 *** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
621 are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
622 specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
623 such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
627 *** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
628 that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
629 appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
630 is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
631 ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
632 with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
634 If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
635 confirmation as before.
637 ** File operation changes:
640 *** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
641 the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
642 Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
643 is only rarely needed.
646 *** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
647 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
650 *** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
651 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
654 *** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
657 *** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
659 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
660 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
661 directory with Dired.
664 *** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
665 read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
666 want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
670 *** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
671 against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
674 *** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
675 add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
676 convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
677 the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
678 commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
679 /tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
682 *** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
683 before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
684 supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
687 *** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
688 controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
689 attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
692 *** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
693 in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
694 the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
695 in data loss, use with care.
698 *** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
699 Emacs asks for confirmation.
702 *** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
704 `visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
705 when visiting the file.
707 `visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
708 needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
709 when saving the file.
712 *** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
713 major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
714 designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
715 sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
716 So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
719 ** Minibuffer changes:
722 *** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
723 entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
726 *** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
727 Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
728 variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
732 *** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
734 Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
735 have in common and where they begin to differ.
737 The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
738 `completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
739 same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
740 `completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
741 `completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
742 `completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
743 parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
744 parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
746 Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
747 triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
748 listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
749 the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
753 *** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
754 If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
755 slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
756 completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
757 which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
758 candidate is a directory.
761 *** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
762 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
763 it remains unchanged.
766 *** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
767 If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
768 elements are deleted from the history list.
770 ** Redisplay changes:
773 *** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
774 When the file is maintained under version control, that information
775 appears between the position information and the major mode.
778 *** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
781 *** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
782 face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
783 specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
786 *** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
787 The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
788 the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
789 will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
791 The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
792 hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
793 window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
794 window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
795 many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
796 gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
798 The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
799 `auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
802 *** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
803 the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
807 *** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
808 of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
809 the mode line of the currently selected window.
811 The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
812 the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
815 *** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
816 for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
817 top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
818 control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
822 *** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
823 addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
824 the window can be scrolled.
826 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
827 `indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
828 this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
830 If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
831 displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
833 The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
834 position of each bitmap individually.
836 For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
837 in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
838 arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
839 left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
842 *** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
843 (not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
844 two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
845 Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
846 cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
848 The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
849 revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
852 *** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
853 displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
854 outside those margins.
857 *** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
858 in addition to the individual display margin settings.
860 Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
861 horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
862 or when the frame is resized.
864 ** Cursor display changes:
867 *** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
868 now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
871 *** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
874 *** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
875 The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
876 default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
880 *** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
881 of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
885 *** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
886 of the recognized cursor types.
889 *** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
890 uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
895 *** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
896 elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
899 *** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
900 parts of the mode line.
903 *** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
904 the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
905 This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
906 black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
907 allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
908 so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
911 *** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
913 ** Font-Lock changes:
916 *** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
917 M-o M-o requests refontification.
920 *** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
921 fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
922 modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
924 The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
925 fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
929 *** font-lock: in modes like C and Lisp where the fontification assumes that
930 an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of any string or comment,
931 font-lock now highlights any such open-paren-in-column-zero in bold-red
932 if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it can cause
933 trouble with fontification and/or indentation.
936 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
939 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
942 *** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
943 You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
944 the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
945 cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
948 *** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
949 The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now 16
950 instead of 3, and the default value of jit-lock-stealth-nice is now
951 0.5 instead of 0.125. The new defaults should lower the CPU usage
952 when Emacs is fontifying in the background.
955 *** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
957 If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
958 idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
959 example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
960 only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
963 *** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
965 jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
966 jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
967 refontification takes place.
972 *** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
973 This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
974 as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
975 You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
976 it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
977 current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
980 *** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
983 *** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
986 *** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
987 and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
988 to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
991 *** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/Lesstif can be
992 disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
995 *** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
996 be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
999 *** The menu bar for Motif/Lesstif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
1000 Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1001 the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1004 *** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1005 to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1006 `-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1009 *** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and Lesstif/Motif now pops down when pressing
1010 ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1013 *** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1014 by setting the variable `x-use-old-gtk-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1020 *** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1021 value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1022 one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1023 can be selected only when it is active.
1026 *** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1027 select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1028 normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1029 the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1030 window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1034 *** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1036 Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1037 click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1038 click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1039 inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1040 to match this context-sentitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1041 behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1043 Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1044 more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1045 activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1046 (see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1047 packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1048 this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1049 is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1050 happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1051 on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1053 If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1054 just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1055 click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1058 Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1059 drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1061 You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1062 `mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1065 *** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1066 is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1067 can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1068 mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1069 also disable mouse highlighting.
1072 *** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1073 shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1074 variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1077 *** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1078 (rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1081 *** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1083 People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1084 unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1085 ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1086 mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1089 *** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1091 ** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1093 *** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1094 construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1095 -*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1096 various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1097 specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1098 shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1099 character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1100 construct or in a local variable list.
1103 *** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1104 more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1105 name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1106 This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1107 default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1110 *** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1111 current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1112 can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1113 characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1114 emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1115 keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1116 or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1117 by the keyboard. See Info node `Single-Byte Character Support'.
1120 *** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1121 revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1124 *** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1128 *** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1132 *** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1136 *** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1137 coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1138 (Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1142 *** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1143 in the current input method to input a character at point.
1146 *** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1147 Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1148 the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1149 Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1150 sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1151 translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1152 mule-unicode-... ones.
1154 By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1155 Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1156 with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1159 You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1160 unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1161 into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1162 mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1163 will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1166 *** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1167 either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1168 when possible. The latter are more space-efficient. This is
1169 controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1172 *** New language environments: French, Ukrainian, Tajik,
1173 Bulgarian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, UTF-8, Windows-1255, Welsh, Latin-6,
1174 Latin-7, Lithuanian, Latvian, Swedish, Slovenian, Croatian, Georgian,
1175 Italian, Russian, Malayalam, Tamil, Russian, Chinese-EUC-TW. (Set up
1176 automatically according to the locale.)
1179 *** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1180 ukrainian-computer, belarusian, bulgarian-bds, russian-computer,
1181 vietnamese-telex, lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard,
1182 latvian-keyboard, welsh, georgian, rfc1345, ucs, sgml,
1183 bulgarian-phonetic, dutch, slovenian, croatian, malayalam-inscript,
1187 *** New input method chinese-sisheng for inputting Chinese Pinyin
1191 *** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1192 automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1193 environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1194 versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1198 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1199 M-t (transpose-words)
1200 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1203 *** Indian support has been updated.
1204 The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1205 assumed. There is a framework for supporting various
1206 Indian scripts, but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are
1210 *** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1213 *** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1214 By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1215 single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1216 turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1217 sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1218 system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1219 interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1220 You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1221 `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1222 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1223 one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1224 The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1227 *** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1228 in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1229 Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1232 *** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1233 These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1234 on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1235 only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1236 `code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1239 *** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1240 Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1243 *** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1244 characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1245 fontset appropriately.
1247 ** Customize changes:
1250 *** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1251 custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1252 load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1253 enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1256 *** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1257 now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1258 specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1262 *** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1263 In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1264 check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1265 for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1266 sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1267 its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1268 case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1271 *** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1272 the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1273 You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1274 under the "[State]" button.
1276 ** Buffer Menu changes:
1279 *** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1280 buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1284 *** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1285 with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1286 whose names begin with space are omitted.
1289 *** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1290 `buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1291 in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1293 `buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1294 leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1295 If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1296 shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1297 and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1299 `buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1300 the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1301 t, and the status is shown.
1303 Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1304 the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1309 *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1310 dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1311 introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1314 *** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1315 with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1318 *** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1319 of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1322 *** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1323 This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1326 *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1327 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1328 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1329 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1330 double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1331 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1334 *** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1335 into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1338 *** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1340 The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1341 dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1342 dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1346 *** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1347 have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1348 directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1349 directory listing into a buffer.
1354 *** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1355 option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1356 except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1357 controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1358 overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1360 The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1361 support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1363 `comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1364 read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1365 lines, including any prompts.
1367 `comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1368 read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1369 part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1370 and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1371 not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1372 `kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1373 to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1376 *** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1377 modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1378 like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1379 otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1382 *** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1383 `comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1384 but declared obsolete.
1386 ** M-x Compile changes:
1389 *** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1391 Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1392 recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1393 red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1394 (controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1396 Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1397 This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1398 This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1400 The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1401 you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1402 leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1403 `compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1404 that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1406 The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1409 *** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1410 This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1411 compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1412 subprocesses inherit.
1415 *** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1416 If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1419 *** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1420 specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1421 in new face `next-error'.
1424 *** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1425 compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1426 modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1427 buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1428 matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1432 *** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1433 the compilation buffer.
1436 *** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1437 context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1438 it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1439 no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1442 ** Occur mode changes:
1445 *** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1446 C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1450 *** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1451 the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1454 *** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1455 search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1456 `multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1457 buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1458 Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1464 *** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1466 There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1467 customization group.
1470 *** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1471 people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1474 *** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1475 more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1476 separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1477 and the base directory for the search (rgrep only). Case sensitivitivy
1478 of the search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1480 These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1481 `grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1483 The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1485 Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1486 typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1487 are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1490 *** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1492 Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1493 can be saved and automatically revisited.
1496 *** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1497 the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1500 *** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1501 buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1502 --color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1503 match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1504 buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1505 source line is highlighted.
1508 *** New key bindings in grep output window:
1509 SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1510 previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1511 the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1512 other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1513 previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1517 *** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1518 by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1519 detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1520 When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1521 unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1522 command lines to be used than was possible before.
1524 ** X Windows Support:
1527 *** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1528 opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1529 buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1532 *** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1533 The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1534 and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1535 use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1537 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1538 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1541 *** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1542 speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1544 If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1545 XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1548 *** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1549 requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1550 Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1551 and use the more appropriately result.
1554 *** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1555 On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1556 amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1561 *** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1562 on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1565 *** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1566 When emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available. The
1567 following should work:
1568 {C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1569 These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8, they might not work on
1570 some older versions of xterm, or on some proprietary versions.
1572 ** Character terminal color support changes:
1575 *** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1576 mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1577 terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1578 database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1579 set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1580 terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1581 when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1582 in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1583 user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1586 *** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1587 than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1588 256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1589 the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1590 all of these colors.
1593 *** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1594 faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1595 256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
1596 88-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1600 *** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1602 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1604 ** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1606 ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1608 To see what modules are available, type
1609 M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1611 To start an IRC session, type M-x erc-select, and follow the prompts
1612 for server, port, and nick.
1615 ** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1617 Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1618 simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1619 takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1620 several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1621 (one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1624 To start an IRC session, type M-x irc, and follow the prompts for
1625 server, port, nick and initial channels.
1628 ** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1630 Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1631 sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1632 corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1636 ** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1637 To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1640 ** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1641 various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1642 program files that include other program files.
1644 Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1645 all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1649 ** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1651 Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1652 Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1653 can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1654 Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1655 manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1659 ** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1660 customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1663 ** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1665 The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1666 package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1667 to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1668 a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1671 ** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1672 between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1675 ** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1677 The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1678 cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1679 With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1680 keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1681 region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1682 cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1684 In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1685 rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1686 using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1687 or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1689 Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1690 fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1691 downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1692 rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1693 as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1694 M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1695 rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1697 Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1698 prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1699 C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1701 The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1702 register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1704 Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1705 When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1706 automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1707 commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1709 The features of cua also works with the standard emacs bindings for
1710 kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1711 want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1712 `cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1714 Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1715 versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1716 must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1717 loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1720 ** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1722 Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1723 doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1724 It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1727 The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1728 activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
1730 The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1731 type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1732 available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1735 ** The new package dns-mode.el add syntax highlight of DNS master files.
1736 The key binding C-c C-s (`dns-mode-soa-increment-serial') can be used
1737 to increment the SOA serial.
1740 ** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1741 filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1742 that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1743 emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1744 invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1745 be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1748 ** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1749 source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1752 ** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1753 the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1754 keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1755 +, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1756 package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1758 By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1759 `keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1760 using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1761 the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1762 possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1763 the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1765 The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1766 `Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1767 `Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1768 decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1769 `Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1770 for emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1771 where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1772 `Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1773 are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1777 ** The new kmacro package provides a simpler user interface to
1778 emacs' keyboard macro facilities.
1780 Basically, it uses two function keys (default F3 and F4) like this:
1781 F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1782 the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1783 which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1785 There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1788 The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1789 defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1790 C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1791 manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1792 C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1795 The normal macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e now interfaces to
1796 the keyboard macro ring.
1798 The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1799 before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1801 In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1802 be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1803 this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1804 kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1806 Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1807 C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1808 at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1811 ** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1812 When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1813 restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1816 ** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1817 buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1820 ** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1821 files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1822 mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
1823 which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
1824 copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
1825 mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
1826 referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
1827 similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
1828 feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
1831 ** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1833 If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
1834 the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
1835 with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
1836 ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
1837 printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
1838 `ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
1841 ** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
1842 move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
1843 It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
1844 of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
1846 There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
1849 ** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
1850 "active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
1851 change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
1855 ** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
1856 spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
1857 letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
1858 viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
1861 ** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
1862 shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
1865 ** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
1866 `text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
1867 these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
1868 table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
1869 can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
1870 as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
1872 ** The tumme.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in other ways
1873 manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as the main interface.
1874 Tumme provides functionality to generate simple image galleries.
1877 ** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
1879 This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
1880 files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
1881 Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
1882 for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
1883 the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
1884 `inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
1885 connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
1886 (which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
1887 `rsync' to do the copying).
1889 Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
1890 `su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
1892 If you want to disable Tramp you should set
1894 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
1896 Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
1900 ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
1903 ** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
1904 configuration files.
1907 ** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
1908 varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
1909 var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
1910 section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
1911 .config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
1915 ** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
1918 ** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
1921 ** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
1922 This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
1924 ** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
1925 for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
1926 paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
1927 instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
1928 boundaries during scrolling.
1930 ** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
1931 events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
1932 for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
1934 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
1939 *** Bindings for Tumme added
1940 Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
1941 added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Tumme. As a starting
1942 point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d to display
1943 thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
1945 ** Changes in Hi Lock
1948 *** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
1949 `global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
1950 hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
1951 warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
1952 if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
1953 using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
1954 buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
1955 behavior in older versions of Emacs).
1957 ** Changes in Allout
1959 *** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
1960 decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
1961 clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
1962 and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
1963 symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
1964 pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
1967 *** `allout-view-change-hook' marked as being deprecated - use
1968 `allout-exposure-change-hook' instead. Both are currently being used, but
1969 `allout-view-change-hook' will be ignored in a subsequent allout version.
1971 *** Default command prefix changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to avoid
1972 intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
1973 `allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
1975 *** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property (and others) for
1976 concealed text, instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in
1977 particular avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display,
1978 discretionary handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
1980 *** Many substantial fixes and refinements, including:
1982 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text
1983 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
1984 - refuse to create "containment discontinuities", where a
1985 topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its' container
1986 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
1987 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
1988 - many internal fixes and refinements
1989 - many module and function docstring clarifications
1990 - version number incremented to 2.2
1992 ** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' was renamed
1993 to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
1994 variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
1995 automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
1996 at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
1999 ** Changes to cmuscheme
2001 *** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2002 evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2004 *** If a file `.emacs_NAME' (where NAME is the name of the Scheme interpreter)
2005 exists in the user's home directory or in ~/.emacs.d, its
2006 contents are sent to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2008 *** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2009 procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2010 (`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2011 subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2012 `scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2015 ** Changes in Makefile mode
2017 *** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2019 The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2020 are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2023 *** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2024 to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2028 ** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
2029 of the file that precede the first header line.
2032 ** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
2035 ** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
2036 run most curses applications now.
2039 ** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
2042 ** Diff mode key bindings changed.
2044 These are the new bindings:
2046 C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
2047 C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
2048 C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
2049 C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
2050 C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
2052 To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
2053 In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
2054 in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
2057 ** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
2058 filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
2059 functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
2061 Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
2062 `fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
2063 `fill-nobreak-predicate'.
2066 ** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
2067 with special modes such as Tar mode.
2070 ** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
2071 bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
2072 incompatible change.
2075 ** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
2078 ** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
2079 resync points in both windows.
2082 ** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
2084 When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
2085 starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
2088 ** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
2089 when Emacs visits them.
2091 ** Info mode changes:
2094 *** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
2095 with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
2098 *** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
2100 Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
2101 message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
2102 other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
2103 around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
2104 `Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
2105 or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
2109 *** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
2110 `Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
2111 search without prompting for a new search string.
2114 *** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
2115 moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
2116 `Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
2119 *** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
2122 *** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
2123 from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
2126 *** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
2127 Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
2131 *** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
2132 the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
2133 arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
2136 *** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
2137 and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
2140 *** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
2141 references and following them calls `browse-url'.
2144 *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
2146 If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
2147 `Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
2150 *** Images in Info pages are supported.
2152 Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
2153 Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
2154 version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
2157 *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
2160 *** `Info-index' offers completion.
2162 ** Lisp mode changes:
2165 *** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2168 *** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2170 *** New features in evaluation commands
2173 **** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2174 the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2177 **** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2178 in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2179 by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2180 function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2181 `eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2186 *** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2187 The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2188 and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2190 *** Changes in Key Sequences
2191 **** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2193 **** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2194 This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2196 **** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2197 c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2199 **** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2200 have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2201 C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2202 commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2203 key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2205 **** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2207 **** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2209 *** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2213 **** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2214 The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2215 mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2216 users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2217 disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2220 **** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2221 letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2222 also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2226 **** `comment-close-slash'.
2227 With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2228 typing a slash at the start of a line.
2230 **** `c-one-liner-defun'
2231 This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2232 pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2234 *** Font lock support.
2235 CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2236 supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2237 package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2238 locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2239 AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2240 different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2242 The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2243 dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2244 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2245 declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2246 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2247 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2248 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2249 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2250 variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2252 Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2253 fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2254 the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2255 with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2258 **** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2259 are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2260 be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2261 locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2262 properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2263 not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2265 **** Support for documentation comments.
2266 There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2267 Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2268 language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2269 buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2271 Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2272 Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2273 last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2274 complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2275 of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2277 **** Better handling of C++ templates.
2278 As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2279 now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2280 given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2283 This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2284 work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2285 template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2286 recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2287 not as configurable as it ought to be.
2289 **** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2290 Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2291 The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2292 All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2293 handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2295 *** Support for the AWK language.
2296 Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2297 based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2298 any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2301 **** Indentation Engine
2302 The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2304 AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2305 which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2306 placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2307 are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2308 definition, or structured statement.
2310 The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2311 mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2312 be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2315 There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2316 three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2317 idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2318 the AWK language itself.
2320 **** Comment and Movement Commands
2321 These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2322 been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2323 "defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2324 extended definition.
2326 **** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2327 A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2328 style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2329 c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2331 *** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2332 The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2333 now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2334 module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2335 composition-close, and incomposition.
2337 *** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2338 The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2339 provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2340 bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2341 of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2343 *** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2345 The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2346 implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2347 list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2348 includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2350 Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2351 based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2353 *** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2355 The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2356 and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2357 attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2358 cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2360 ((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2364 ((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2366 In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2369 This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2370 directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2371 `c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2372 functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2375 *** API changes for derived modes.
2377 There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2378 derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2379 incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2380 care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2381 Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2383 **** New language variable system.
2384 These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2385 languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2387 **** New initialization functions.
2388 The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2389 give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2390 `c-init-language-vars'.
2392 *** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2393 The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2394 several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2395 now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2397 This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2398 although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2399 gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2400 where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2401 it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2403 **** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2404 This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2405 its substatement. E.g:
2411 *** Better handling of multiline macros.
2413 **** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2414 The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2415 syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2416 variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2417 `cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2420 **** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2422 Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2423 of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2424 is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2425 removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2426 much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2427 empty lines within the macro better.
2429 **** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2430 This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2431 `c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2433 **** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2434 `c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2435 variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2436 backslashes can be moved.
2438 **** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2439 This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2440 affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2441 inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2443 **** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2444 Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2445 inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2446 line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2447 indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2448 backslash) in the macro.
2450 *** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2451 The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2452 the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2453 based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2454 #else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2455 cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2457 *** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2458 It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2460 *** New lineup functions
2462 **** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2463 This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2466 result = prefix + "A message "
2467 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2469 **** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2470 Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2472 **** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2473 Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2474 the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2476 **** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2477 Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2479 **** `c-lineup-argcont'
2480 Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2482 *** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2483 CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2484 of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2485 places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2486 improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2487 moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2489 The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2490 opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2491 only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2492 file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2495 *** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2496 Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2497 "invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2498 happen when macros are involved.
2500 *** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2501 It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2502 whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2503 point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2504 Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2505 line is left untouched.
2507 *** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2508 The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2509 syntactic indentation.
2511 ** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2512 preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2515 ** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2518 ** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2519 to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2520 bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2521 C-c C-i b, and so on.
2523 ** Fortran mode changes:
2526 *** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2527 highlighting for the old default.
2530 *** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2531 Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2532 Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2535 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2536 `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2537 `f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2538 `fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2541 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2542 It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2546 *** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2547 the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2550 ** Reftex mode changes
2553 *** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2555 The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2556 section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2557 support for multifile documents.
2559 The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2560 section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2561 Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2562 `reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2563 buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2564 frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2565 highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2568 The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2569 See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2571 Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2574 The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2578 *** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2580 Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2581 called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2582 `reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2584 The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2585 with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2586 "E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2587 citation selection buffer.
2589 The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2590 cursor as a default search string.
2592 The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2593 now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2595 The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2596 can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2598 Support for jurabib has been added.
2601 *** Global index matched may be verified with a user function
2603 During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2604 See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2607 *** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2609 Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2610 considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2611 from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2612 `reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2613 this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2614 quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2617 *** Miscellaneous changes
2619 The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2620 configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2622 RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2625 ** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2626 to support use of font-lock.
2628 ** HTML/SGML changes:
2631 *** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2635 *** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2636 The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2637 When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2638 i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2639 By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2640 from the file name or buffer contents.
2642 *** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2643 `sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2647 *** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2652 *** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2655 *** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2656 by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2657 command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2658 TeX commands to use at startup.
2661 *** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2662 and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2665 *** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2669 *** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2670 point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2672 *** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2673 an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2676 *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2678 *** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2679 `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2680 for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2681 scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2682 automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2683 `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2685 *** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2686 use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2688 *** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2689 automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2691 *** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2692 types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2694 *** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2695 point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2697 *** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2698 locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2699 Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2701 *** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2702 individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2704 *** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2705 of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2707 *** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2708 in multiple BibTeX files.
2710 *** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2711 of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2713 *** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2714 bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2715 extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2717 *** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2718 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2719 `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2720 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2721 still available as aliases.
2723 ** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
2724 renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
2728 ** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
2729 by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
2735 *** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2736 counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2739 *** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2740 and other common debugger commands.
2743 *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2744 GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2745 there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2746 state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2747 that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2748 Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2751 To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
2754 *** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
2755 toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
2759 *** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
2760 display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
2764 ** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
2766 *** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
2767 Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
2768 There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
2769 directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
2770 `gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
2772 *** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
2773 set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
2774 traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
2777 *** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
2780 *** The previous method of searching for source files has been
2781 preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
2782 Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
2784 *** Added Customization Variables
2786 **** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
2788 **** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
2789 method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
2790 java sources (previous method).
2792 **** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
2793 classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
2796 *** Minor Improvements
2798 **** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
2799 instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
2800 compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
2801 `starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
2804 **** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
2806 ** Auto-Revert changes:
2809 *** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
2811 If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
2812 mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
2813 displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at
2814 the end of the buffer in that window. This allows to tail a file:
2815 just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This
2816 rule applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can
2819 If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
2820 then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
2821 mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
2825 *** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
2826 other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
2827 revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
2828 and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
2829 mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
2830 `revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
2831 decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
2832 that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
2833 work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
2836 *** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
2837 Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
2838 control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
2839 which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
2840 only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
2845 The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
2846 enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
2849 The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
2850 keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
2851 the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
2853 The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
2854 and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
2855 keep in the recent list.
2857 With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
2858 specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
2859 example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
2860 same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
2861 links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
2863 To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
2864 replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
2865 old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
2871 *** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
2874 *** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
2876 Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
2879 *** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
2883 *** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
2884 immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
2889 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
2890 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
2891 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
2893 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
2894 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
2897 *** New customizable variables:
2898 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
2900 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
2901 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
2902 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
2903 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
2904 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
2906 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
2907 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
2908 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
2909 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
2912 *** New command line option --no-desktop
2916 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
2917 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
2920 ** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
2922 When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
2923 include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
2924 Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
2925 to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
2926 and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
2932 *** When comparing directories.
2933 Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
2934 directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
2935 from one directory to another.
2938 *** When comparing files or buffers.
2939 Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
2940 currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
2941 then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
2945 *** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
2946 backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
2947 `ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
2952 *** New regular expressions features
2954 **** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
2956 The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
2957 only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
2958 --regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
2959 where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
2960 more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
2961 (single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
2962 expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
2963 (which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
2964 span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
2965 and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
2967 **** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
2969 The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
2970 respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
2973 **** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
2975 The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
2976 only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
2977 particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
2979 **** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
2981 The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
2982 per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
2984 *** New language parsing features
2986 **** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
2988 Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
2990 **** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
2992 **** New language HTML.
2994 Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
2995 when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
2997 **** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
2999 If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3000 size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3002 **** New language Lua.
3004 All functions are tagged.
3006 **** In Perl, packages are tags.
3008 Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3009 as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3012 **** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3014 **** New language PHP.
3016 Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3017 specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3019 **** New default keywords for TeX.
3021 The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3024 *** Honor #line directives.
3026 When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3027 directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3028 specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3029 created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3030 writes tags pointing to the source file.
3032 *** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3034 This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3035 be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3036 reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3042 *** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
3043 (toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
3045 We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
3046 were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
3047 behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
3050 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
3052 The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
3055 *** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
3056 are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
3058 These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
3059 are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
3060 specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
3063 *** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
3066 *** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
3068 In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
3069 enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
3070 to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
3072 P: annotates the previous revision
3073 N: annotates the next revision
3074 J: annotates the revision at line
3075 A: annotates the revision previous to line
3076 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
3077 L: shows the log of the revision at line
3078 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
3083 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
3084 between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
3088 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
3089 anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
3090 `checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
3094 ** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3095 `default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3096 auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3099 ** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3101 See the documentation of the user option
3102 `display-time-mail-directory'.
3107 *** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3109 *** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3110 by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3111 Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3114 *** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3116 This version of `movemail' allows to read mail from a wide range of
3117 mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3118 without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3119 and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3120 used instead of the native one.
3125 *** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3127 Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3131 *** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3133 See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3138 Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0. There have been major changes since
3139 version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3141 ** Calendar changes:
3144 *** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3145 the calendar left or right. (The old key bindings still work too.)
3148 *** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3149 convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3152 *** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3153 Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3154 `diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3155 which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3156 how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3157 single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3158 day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3159 face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3160 appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3163 *** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3164 year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3165 count backward from the end of the year.
3168 *** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3169 prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3170 day of that ISO week.
3173 *** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3174 window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3177 *** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3178 optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3179 rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3180 `christian-holidays' simpler.
3183 *** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3184 This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3185 and `diary-header-line-format'.
3188 *** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3189 use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3190 `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3191 `appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3194 *** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3195 and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3196 from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3197 `diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3201 ** Speedbar changes:
3203 *** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3204 the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3206 *** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3209 *** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3210 contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3212 *** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3214 *** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3215 `speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3216 respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3219 *** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3220 how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3221 means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3222 to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3225 *** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3226 to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3227 value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3228 speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3229 that number to `other-frame'.
3231 *** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3232 means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3234 *** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3235 `dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3236 should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3237 `speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3238 `dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3239 `dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3240 `speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3241 `speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3242 obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3247 *** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
3248 SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
3249 buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
3250 session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
3251 SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
3253 The following values are supported:
3255 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
3269 The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
3272 The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
3273 your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
3274 `sql-product' to accomplish this.
3276 ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
3278 *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
3279 font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
3280 all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
3281 you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
3283 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
3284 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
3286 *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
3288 Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
3289 highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
3291 *** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
3293 Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
3294 sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
3295 osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
3296 are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
3299 If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
3300 called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
3301 credentials to authenticate the user.
3303 *** Postgres support is enhanced.
3304 Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
3305 the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
3307 *** MySQL support is enhanced.
3308 Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
3310 *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
3311 packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
3314 *** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
3315 appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
3319 *** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
3324 *** New ffap commands and keybindings:
3326 C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
3327 C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
3328 C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
3329 C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
3332 *** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
3334 C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
3335 argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
3338 ** Changes in Skeleton
3340 *** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
3342 `@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
3343 sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
3344 `skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
3345 updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
3346 with other details of skeleton construction.
3348 *** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
3349 `skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
3350 `skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
3351 `skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
3355 ** Hideshow mode changes
3357 *** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
3358 used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
3359 handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
3360 temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
3362 *** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
3363 not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
3364 block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
3367 ** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3368 to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3369 changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3372 ** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3375 ** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3376 and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3377 you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3378 annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3381 ** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3383 Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3384 `ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3385 fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3388 ** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3389 This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3390 the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3391 using strokes as an input method.
3393 ** Emacs server changes:
3396 *** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
3398 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
3399 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
3400 % emacsclient -s foo file1
3401 % emacsclient -s bar file2
3404 *** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
3405 `--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
3406 expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
3409 *** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
3412 ** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3415 ** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3417 M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3418 argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3419 the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3422 ** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3423 `file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3426 ** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3428 Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3429 use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3433 ** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3435 `mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3436 default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3437 automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3439 ** battery.el changes:
3442 *** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3445 *** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3448 ** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3450 To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3451 separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3452 byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3453 variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3456 ** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3459 ** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3462 ** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3466 *** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
3468 *** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
3469 a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
3470 This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
3471 effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
3472 anything for those nodes.
3474 For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
3477 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
3478 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
3481 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
3482 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
3485 * Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3488 ** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3490 If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3491 environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3492 using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3493 the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3494 localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3495 of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3496 where USERNAME is your user name.
3498 This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3499 shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3500 read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3503 ** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3505 You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3506 existing values. For example:
3508 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3510 will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3511 irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3514 ** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3516 This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track
3517 the cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3520 ** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3522 See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3525 ** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3527 PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3528 depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3529 to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3530 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3531 zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3532 against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3535 ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3537 WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3538 as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3539 Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3540 sound support for those formats.
3543 ** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3545 The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3548 ** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3550 The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3551 whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3552 pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3555 ** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3557 The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3558 the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3559 colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3560 default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3561 some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3562 `list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3563 you wish to use them in other faces.
3566 ** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3568 Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3569 multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3570 MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3571 the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3575 ** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3577 Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3578 through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3579 a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3580 w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3581 windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3582 setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3583 that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3584 defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3585 other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3586 w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3589 ** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3592 ** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3593 `kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3594 `kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3596 ** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3597 `mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3599 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3601 ** The function find-operation-coding-system accepts a cons (FILENAME
3602 . BUFFER) in an argument correponding to the target.
3605 ** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3606 been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3609 ** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3610 the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3611 `substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3615 ** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3616 :propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3617 `risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3620 The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3622 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3624 Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3625 argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3626 deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3629 ** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3632 ** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3633 there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3636 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3638 ** General Lisp changes:
3640 *** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3641 The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3642 negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3645 *** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3648 *** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3651 *** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3653 If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3654 list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3655 Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3658 *** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3659 associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3662 *** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3664 It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3667 *** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3669 It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3670 occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3674 *** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3676 Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3679 If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3680 the new element from the history list it updates.
3683 *** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3685 (rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3686 CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3689 *** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3691 For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3692 default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3693 separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3697 *** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3699 They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3702 *** Minor change in the function `format'.
3704 Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
3708 *** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
3710 They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
3714 *** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
3716 They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
3717 the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
3720 *** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
3722 When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
3723 numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
3724 relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
3726 When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
3727 also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
3730 *** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
3732 It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
3733 One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
3734 if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
3737 *** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
3739 When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
3740 angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
3741 equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
3744 *** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
3746 You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
3747 formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
3748 specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
3749 names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
3752 *** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
3754 A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
3755 `with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
3756 the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
3758 This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
3759 inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
3762 *** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
3764 This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
3767 *** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
3769 It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
3770 dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
3771 (calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
3774 *** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
3775 evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
3776 it evaluates those expressions immediately.
3778 This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
3780 *** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
3782 If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
3785 *** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
3787 `string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil.
3788 `booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a t or nil.
3790 ** Lisp code indentation features:
3793 *** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
3795 These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
3796 and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
3798 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
3800 DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
3801 possible declaration specifiers are:
3804 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
3807 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
3808 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
3809 but this is cleaner.)
3812 *** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
3814 See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
3817 *** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
3819 The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
3820 `lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
3821 be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
3825 ** Variable aliases:
3827 *** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
3829 This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
3830 symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
3831 returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
3832 changes the value of BASE-VAR.
3834 DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
3835 the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
3837 *** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
3839 This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
3840 of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
3841 defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
3843 It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
3844 variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
3847 *** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
3848 `make-obsolete-variable'.
3850 ** defcustom changes:
3853 *** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
3854 `customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
3855 Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
3856 variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
3859 *** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
3864 *** The escape sequence \s is now interpreted as a SPACE character.
3866 Exception: In a character constant, if it is followed by a `-' in a
3867 character constant (e.g. ?\s-A), it is still interpreted as the super
3868 modifier. In strings, \s is always interpreted as a space.
3871 *** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
3874 *** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
3877 *** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
3878 the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
3879 SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
3880 nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
3881 empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
3884 *** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
3885 multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
3888 *** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
3892 *** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
3893 `assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
3894 been declared obsolete.
3897 ** Displaying warnings to the user.
3899 See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
3900 If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
3901 facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
3902 warnings in a separate window.
3905 ** Progress reporters.
3907 These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
3908 progress messages for the user.
3910 See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
3911 `progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
3912 `progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
3914 ** Buffer positions:
3917 *** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
3918 width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
3919 the usable window height and width is used.
3922 *** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
3923 modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
3924 taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
3925 large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
3926 `auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
3929 *** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
3934 *** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
3939 *** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
3941 This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
3945 *** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
3947 It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
3950 *** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
3952 This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
3953 give up and return LIMIT.
3956 *** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
3957 and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
3961 *** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
3962 click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
3963 position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
3965 ** Text modification:
3968 *** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
3969 removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
3970 and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
3973 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
3974 `insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
3975 in `insert-buffer-substring'.
3978 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
3979 `insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
3983 *** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
3984 substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
3985 the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
3986 `delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
3987 data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
3989 The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
3990 `buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
3991 `buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
3995 *** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
3999 *** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
4000 is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
4001 be inserted is translated through it.
4006 The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
4007 that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
4011 *** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
4016 *** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
4017 `adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
4018 `adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
4021 ** Atomic change groups.
4023 To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
4024 they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
4025 around the code that makes changes. For instance:
4027 (atomic-change-group
4029 (delete-region x y))
4031 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
4032 `atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
4033 were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
4034 on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
4036 If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
4037 lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
4039 To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
4040 Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
4041 This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
4042 the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
4044 Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
4045 group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
4048 After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
4049 either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
4050 `accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
4051 call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
4053 You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
4054 finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
4055 `unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
4056 (This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
4057 `activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
4058 group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
4061 To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
4062 for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
4063 returned values, like this:
4065 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
4066 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
4068 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
4069 to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
4070 `accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
4072 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
4073 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
4074 will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
4075 change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
4078 ** Buffer-related changes:
4081 *** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
4083 If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
4086 *** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
4089 *** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
4090 binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
4091 have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
4092 value of VARIABLE instead.
4094 *** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
4095 various status records in parallel.
4097 It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4098 then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4099 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4100 order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4101 time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4102 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4105 On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4106 value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4107 vector into the variable and returns t.
4109 If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4110 for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4114 *** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4115 the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4116 prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4117 in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4119 ** Searching and matching changes:
4122 *** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4123 the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4124 back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4127 *** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4128 for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4129 regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4130 expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4132 Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4133 `*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4136 *** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4138 These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4139 non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4140 specified by the syntax table.
4143 *** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-end' and `symbol-start' elements.
4146 *** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4147 character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4148 characters and ranges.
4151 *** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4152 properties from surrounding text.
4155 *** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4156 element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4157 accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4160 *** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4161 argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4162 passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4165 *** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4166 variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4167 that end a sentence without following spaces.
4169 The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4170 variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4171 this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4172 `sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4173 `sentence-end-without-space'.
4178 *** `buffer-undo-list' can allows programmable elements.
4180 These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4181 a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4182 that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4184 These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4185 which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4186 range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4189 *** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4190 `undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4191 it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4194 ** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4195 previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4197 The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4198 elements with the following format:
4199 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4201 The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4202 the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4203 element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4204 the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4206 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4207 to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4208 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4209 passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4210 `yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4212 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4213 `yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4214 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4215 if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4216 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4217 by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4218 called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4219 FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4221 *** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4222 optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4225 *** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4226 `yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4227 `yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4228 `insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4229 element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4231 *** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4232 `yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4233 string. The old behavior is available if you call
4234 `insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4236 ** Syntax table changes:
4239 *** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4242 *** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4243 of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4244 of text properties as well as the character code.
4247 *** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4251 *** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4252 current syntactic context at point.
4254 ** File operation changes:
4257 *** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4258 searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4261 *** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4262 modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4266 *** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4267 non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4268 its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4269 The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4272 *** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4273 formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4276 *** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4277 ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4278 `.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4281 *** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4282 a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4285 *** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4286 specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4287 many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4288 `file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4291 *** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4292 before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4293 tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4294 sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4297 *** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4298 `save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4302 *** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4303 `locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4304 lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4305 try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4306 of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4307 of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4308 further filter candidate files.
4310 One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4311 `exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4312 executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4315 *** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4317 Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4318 `find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4319 that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4320 handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4321 of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4324 *** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4326 You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4327 symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4328 the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4331 This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4332 autoloaded when not really necessary.
4335 *** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4336 name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4341 *** An interactive specification can now use the code letter 'U' to get
4342 the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4343 previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4346 *** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4347 much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4348 it returns just the directory name.
4351 *** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4352 display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4353 using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4356 *** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4357 arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4358 quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4359 finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4360 BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4362 ** Minibuffer changes:
4365 *** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4366 buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4367 defaults to the current buffer.
4370 *** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4371 was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4374 *** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4375 specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4376 new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4377 while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4378 variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4381 *** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4382 to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4385 *** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4386 whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4387 `read-file-name' function.
4390 *** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4392 It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4393 for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4396 *** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4397 elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4398 add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4399 afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4401 ** Completion changes:
4404 *** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4405 of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4409 *** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4410 of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4411 and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4412 exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4413 strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4416 *** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4417 as a dynamic completion table.
4419 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4421 FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4422 and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4423 completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4424 can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4425 minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4426 entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4429 *** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4430 as a lazy completion table.
4432 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4434 If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4435 as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4436 arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4437 If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4438 from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4439 `lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4442 ** Enhancements to keymaps.
4444 *** New keymaps for typing file names
4446 Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4447 `minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4448 Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4449 the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4450 names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4453 *** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4455 You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4456 same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4459 (kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4461 *** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4463 This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4464 to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4465 binding and lookup functionality.
4467 When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4468 remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4472 Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4473 `my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4474 bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4475 `kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4478 Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4479 command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4480 `my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4482 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4483 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4485 When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4486 when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4488 Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4489 means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4490 runs `my-kill-line'.
4492 The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4494 - Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4495 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4496 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4497 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4499 - The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4500 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4502 - `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4503 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4505 - `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4506 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4507 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4508 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4509 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4510 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4512 - The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4513 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4514 command was not remapped.
4516 *** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4517 over minor mode keymaps.
4519 *** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4520 text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4521 works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4523 *** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4525 Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4526 bindings of the parent keymap.
4528 *** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4530 *** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4533 *** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4534 defined keys and their definitions.
4536 *** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4538 *** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4541 *** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4543 Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4544 keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4545 keymap alist to this list.
4550 *** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4552 It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4555 *** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4557 If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4558 that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4559 abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4563 ** Enhancements to process support
4565 *** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4566 it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4568 *** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4570 These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4571 function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4574 *** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4575 name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4577 *** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4578 maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4580 Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4581 and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4582 `process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4583 entire property list of a process.
4585 *** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4586 JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4587 is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4588 integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4589 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4592 *** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4594 On some systems, when emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4595 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4596 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4597 by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4598 non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4599 from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4600 emacs tries to read it.
4602 *** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4604 This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4606 *** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4607 obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4608 `default-directory'.
4610 *** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4611 if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4613 That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4614 `default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4615 you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4617 *** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4618 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4620 *** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4621 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4623 *** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4624 buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4625 to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4626 Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4627 which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4630 ** Enhanced networking support.
4632 *** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4633 It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4634 create a stream or datagram server inside emacs.
4636 - A server is started using :server t arg.
4637 - Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4638 - A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4639 - Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4640 - IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4641 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4642 - Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4643 - The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4644 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4645 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4647 To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4648 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4649 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4651 *** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4653 *** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4655 These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4656 and set the current address of the remote partner.
4658 *** New function `format-network-address'.
4660 This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
4661 to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
4662 number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
4663 printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
4664 string for other formatting options.
4666 *** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
4668 Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
4669 process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
4670 the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
4672 An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
4673 4 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
4675 *** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
4677 These functions stop and restart communication through a network
4678 connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
4679 stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
4682 *** New function `network-interface-list'.
4684 This function returns a list of network interface names and their
4685 current network addresses.
4687 *** New function `network-interface-info'.
4689 This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
4690 status, and other information about a specific network interface.
4692 *** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
4694 The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
4695 process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
4696 connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
4697 "connection broken by remote peer".
4699 ** Using window objects:
4702 *** New function `window-body-height'.
4704 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
4708 *** New function `window-body-height'.
4710 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line
4714 *** You can now make a window as short as one line.
4716 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
4717 line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
4718 `header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
4719 cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
4720 variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
4723 *** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
4724 actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
4725 divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
4729 *** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
4730 return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
4733 *** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
4734 selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
4735 It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
4738 *** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
4740 This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
4743 *** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
4744 of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
4745 by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
4749 *** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
4751 If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
4752 and scroll-bar settings.
4755 *** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
4758 *** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
4759 argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
4763 *** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
4764 or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
4767 ** Customizable fringe bitmaps
4769 *** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
4770 `fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
4771 and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
4772 This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
4773 physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
4774 be used in different windows showing different buffers.
4776 *** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
4777 fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
4779 To change a built-in bitmap, do (require 'fringe) and use the symbol
4780 identifying the bitmap such as `left-truncation' or `continued-line'.
4782 *** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
4783 or restores a built-in one to its default value.
4785 *** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
4786 used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
4787 with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
4788 foreground color of the bitmap.
4790 *** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
4791 that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
4792 bitmap of the display line.
4794 Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
4795 symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
4796 `define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
4797 for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
4798 When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
4800 *** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
4801 bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
4803 ** Other window fringe features:
4806 *** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
4808 The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
4809 can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
4810 frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
4811 Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
4813 The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
4814 specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
4815 integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
4816 between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
4817 specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
4818 only the left fringe gets the specified width).
4820 Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
4821 width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
4822 of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
4823 fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
4826 *** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
4828 **** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
4831 To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
4832 variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
4833 `set-window-fringes'.
4835 To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
4836 are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
4837 or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
4838 `fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
4840 The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
4841 settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
4842 `fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
4843 displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
4844 an update of the display margins.
4846 **** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
4847 controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
4849 To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
4850 variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
4851 `set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
4852 used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
4853 `scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
4854 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
4855 of the display margins.
4857 ** Redisplay features:
4860 *** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
4863 *** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
4864 one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
4865 contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
4866 changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
4867 forcing an explicit window update.
4870 *** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
4871 to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
4872 a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
4874 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
4875 does that, this value cannot be accurate.
4878 *** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
4879 variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
4881 It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
4882 markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
4884 Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
4885 and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
4886 string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
4887 systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
4888 If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
4889 'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
4892 *** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
4894 A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
4895 properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
4897 If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
4898 contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
4899 newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
4900 newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
4901 slices without adding blank areas between the images.
4903 If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
4904 specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
4905 height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
4907 If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
4908 height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
4911 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
4912 minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
4913 RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
4915 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
4916 height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
4918 If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
4919 the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
4920 described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
4921 varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
4922 exactly that many pixels high.
4924 If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
4925 is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
4926 overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
4927 the `line-spacing' variable.
4929 If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
4930 is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
4933 *** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
4934 which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
4937 *** Enhancements to stretch display properties
4939 The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
4940 PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
4941 specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
4943 The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
4944 which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
4947 EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
4948 NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
4949 UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
4950 ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
4952 POS ::= left | center | right
4953 FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
4956 The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
4957 frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
4958 pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
4959 is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
4960 pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
4961 `height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
4962 font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
4965 The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
4966 `scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
4967 corresponding area of the window.
4969 The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
4970 to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
4971 of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
4972 can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
4973 relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
4974 a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
4975 these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
4976 the width of the area.
4978 For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
4979 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
4981 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
4982 to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
4983 header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
4985 The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
4986 the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
4987 width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
4988 height) of the specified image.
4990 The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
4991 The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
4994 *** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
4995 text property string that may be present at the current window
4996 position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
4997 strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
5000 *** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
5001 supported on text terminals.
5004 *** Support for displaying image slices
5006 **** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
5007 an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
5009 **** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
5010 specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
5012 **** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
5013 specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
5016 *** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
5018 An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
5019 An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
5020 A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
5021 pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
5022 A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
5023 and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
5024 A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
5025 vector describes one corner in the polygon.
5027 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
5028 PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
5029 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
5030 a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
5031 it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
5032 for possible pointer shapes.
5034 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
5035 an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
5036 mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
5039 *** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
5040 The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
5041 search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
5042 in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
5043 Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
5044 you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
5045 explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
5047 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
5049 Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
5050 moved to etc/images.
5053 *** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
5054 search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
5055 external packages to save users from having to update
5059 *** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
5060 images that Emacs will load and display.
5062 ** Mouse pointer features:
5066 *** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
5067 line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
5068 controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
5069 is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
5070 (or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
5073 *** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
5074 :pointer image property.
5077 *** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
5078 controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
5080 ** Mouse event enhancements:
5083 *** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
5084 or `right-fringe' as the area.
5087 *** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
5088 you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
5089 a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
5092 *** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
5095 *** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
5098 *** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
5102 *** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
5106 *** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
5107 of the mouse event position.
5110 *** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
5113 *** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
5114 the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
5117 *** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
5118 (image or character) clicked on.
5121 *** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
5123 These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
5124 pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
5125 the total width and height of that object.
5127 ** Text property and overlay changes:
5130 *** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
5131 remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
5134 *** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5136 This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
5137 properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
5138 although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
5139 to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
5142 *** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
5143 arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
5144 return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
5145 whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
5146 it was found as a text property or not found at all.
5149 *** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
5151 It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
5152 property names as argument rather than a property list.
5157 *** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
5158 the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
5159 define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
5160 look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
5161 is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
5162 makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
5165 *** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
5166 whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
5168 A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5169 specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5170 defined with `defface'.
5173 *** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5174 or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5175 `defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5176 the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5177 directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5180 *** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5181 `default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5182 defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5186 *** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5187 (or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5188 '((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5189 point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5190 SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5193 *** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5194 whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5195 not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5198 *** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5200 These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5201 face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5205 *** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5206 help with handling relative face attributes.
5209 *** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5211 If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5212 faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5213 releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5214 so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5218 *** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5219 with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5220 not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5221 or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5222 was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5225 *** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5226 the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5228 ** Font-Lock changes:
5231 *** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5233 This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5234 M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5235 property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5236 new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5239 *** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5241 **** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5242 form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5243 properties than `face'.
5245 **** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5246 extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5249 *** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5251 If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5252 (see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5253 be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5254 depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5255 is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5263 Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5264 text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5265 property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5266 refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5268 ** Major mode mechanism changes:
5271 *** `set-auto-mode' now gives the interpreter magic line (if present)
5272 precedence over the file name. Likewise an `<?xml' or `<!DOCTYPE'
5273 declaration will give the buffer XML or SGML mode, based on the new
5274 variable `magic-mode-alist'.
5277 *** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5280 *** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5281 `after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5282 hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5285 *** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5286 property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5290 *** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5291 locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5295 *** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5296 It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5299 *** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5300 are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5301 parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5303 ** Minor mode changes:
5306 *** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5307 and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5310 *** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5313 *** `define-global-minor-mode'.
5315 This is a new name for what was formerly called
5316 `easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5318 ** Command loop changes:
5321 *** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5322 have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5323 calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5325 Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5326 INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5329 *** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5331 If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5332 called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5336 *** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5337 within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5338 covered by an image or composition property.
5340 This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5341 This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5342 unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5343 (including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5344 `post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5347 *** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5348 enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5349 During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5350 is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5351 the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5354 *** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5355 been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5356 `disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5359 *** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5360 when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5362 ** Lisp file loading changes:
5365 *** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5366 which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5367 current file redefined it).
5370 *** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5371 defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5374 *** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5375 variable or face definitions.
5378 *** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5379 to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5380 and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5383 *** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5384 Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5385 than 3 levels of nesting.
5388 ** Byte compiler changes:
5390 *** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5391 position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5392 warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5393 for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5394 compilation output buffer.
5396 *** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5397 inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5399 *** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5400 simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5401 useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5402 Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5405 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5406 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5408 In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5409 won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5410 second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5411 unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5412 macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5413 `unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5415 *** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5416 helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5417 Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5418 efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5419 generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5422 *** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5425 *** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5426 now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5427 (require 'cl) when loaded.
5429 ** Frame operations:
5432 *** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5434 These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5435 horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5438 *** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5439 for all (existing and future) frames.
5442 *** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5443 for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5444 number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5445 Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5448 *** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5449 the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5454 *** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5456 Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5457 from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5458 buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5461 1. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5463 2. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5464 the time it takes to convert the format.
5466 3. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5470 *** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5471 NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5474 *** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5475 to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5476 for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5477 file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5480 *** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5481 of one coding system from another coding system.
5484 *** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5485 the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5489 *** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5490 it is read from a file without decoding.
5493 *** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5494 hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5497 *** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5498 current input method to input a character.
5500 ** Mode line changes:
5503 *** New function `format-mode-line'.
5505 This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5506 specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5509 *** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5510 used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5513 *** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5514 to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5518 *** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5520 ** Menu manipulation changes:
5523 *** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5524 proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5525 "files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5526 several versions ago.
5529 *** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5530 If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5531 as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5533 This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5534 made with easy-menu.
5537 *** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5538 if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5539 into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5540 need to have a name.
5542 ** Operating system access:
5545 *** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5546 run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5549 *** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5550 user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5551 accepts a float as UID parameter.
5554 *** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5557 *** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5558 The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5559 formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5562 *** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5563 debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5568 *** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5570 `find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5571 `find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5572 `write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5573 `write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5574 `x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5575 `x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5576 `delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5578 In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5581 *** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5583 Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5586 *** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5592 *** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5593 as the heap size increases.
5596 *** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5597 on garbage collection.
5600 *** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5602 The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5604 * New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
5607 ** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5608 buttons' in emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5609 `widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5610 doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5611 such things as help and apropos buffers.
5614 ** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5615 of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5616 well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5619 ** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5620 binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5624 ** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5625 buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
5627 It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
5628 and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
5629 buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
5632 This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
5633 sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
5636 (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
5637 (function (lambda ()
5639 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5640 (add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
5641 (function (lambda ()
5642 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5645 ** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
5647 This includes measuring garbage collection time.
5650 ** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
5652 This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
5653 code. It works with edebug.
5655 The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
5656 file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
5657 overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
5658 is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
5659 will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
5661 Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
5662 evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
5663 value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
5664 complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
5665 skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
5666 value, such as (setq x 14).
5668 For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
5669 help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
5670 red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
5671 return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
5672 This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
5673 an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
5677 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
5678 Copyright information:
5680 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
5681 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5683 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
5684 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
5685 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved,
5686 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn.
5688 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
5689 of this document, or of portions of it,
5690 under the above conditions, provided also that they
5691 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them.
5695 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"
5698 arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793