* c-mode.el (c-switch-label-regexp): New constant.

[gnu-emacs] / lisp / progmodes / c-mode.el

;;; c-mode.el --- C code editing commands for Emacs
;; Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1987, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Maintainer: FSF
;; Keywords: c

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
;; any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
;; the Free Software Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

;;; Code:

(defvar c-mode-abbrev-table nil
  "Abbrev table in use in C mode.")
(define-abbrev-table 'c-mode-abbrev-table ())

(defvar c-mode-map ()
  "Keymap used in C mode.")
(if c-mode-map
    ()
  (setq c-mode-map (make-sparse-keymap))
  (define-key c-mode-map "{" 'electric-c-brace)
  (define-key c-mode-map "}" 'electric-c-brace)
  (define-key c-mode-map ";" 'electric-c-semi)
  (define-key c-mode-map "#" 'electric-c-sharp-sign)
  (define-key c-mode-map ":" 'electric-c-terminator)
  (define-key c-mode-map "\e\C-h" 'mark-c-function)
  (define-key c-mode-map "\e\C-q" 'indent-c-exp)
  (define-key c-mode-map "\ea" 'c-beginning-of-statement)
  (define-key c-mode-map "\ee" 'c-end-of-statement)
  (define-key c-mode-map "\eq" 'c-fill-paragraph)
  (define-key c-mode-map "\177" 'backward-delete-char-untabify)
  (define-key c-mode-map "\t" 'c-indent-command))

;; cmacexp is lame because it uses no preprocessor symbols.
;; It isn't very extensible either -- hardcodes /lib/cpp.
(autoload 'c-macro-expand "cmacexp"
  "Display the result of expanding all C macros occurring in the region.
The expansion is entirely correct because it uses the C preprocessor."
  t)

(defvar c-mode-syntax-table nil
  "Syntax table in use in C-mode buffers.")

(if c-mode-syntax-table
    ()
  (setq c-mode-syntax-table (make-syntax-table))
  (modify-syntax-entry ?\\ "\\" c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?/ ". 14" c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?* ". 23" c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?+ "." c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?- "." c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?= "." c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?% "." c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?< "." c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?> "." c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?& "." c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?| "." c-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?\' "\"" c-mode-syntax-table))

(defconst c-indent-level 2
  "*Indentation of C statements with respect to containing block.")
(defconst c-brace-imaginary-offset 0
  "*Imagined indentation of a C open brace that actually follows a statement.")
(defconst c-brace-offset 0
  "*Extra indentation for braces, compared with other text in same context.")
(defconst c-argdecl-indent 5
  "*Indentation level of declarations of C function arguments.")
(defconst c-label-offset -2
  "*Offset of C label lines and case statements relative to usual indentation.")
(defconst c-continued-statement-offset 2
  "*Extra indent for lines not starting new statements.")
(defconst c-continued-brace-offset 0
  "*Extra indent for substatements that start with open-braces.
This is in addition to c-continued-statement-offset.")
(defconst c-style-alist
  '(("GNU"
     (c-indent-level               .  2)
     (c-argdecl-indent             .  5)
     (c-brace-offset               .  0)
     (c-label-offset               . -2)
     (c-continued-statement-offset .  2))
    ("K&R"
     (c-indent-level               .  5)
     (c-argdecl-indent             .  0)
     (c-brace-offset               . -5)
     (c-label-offset               . -5)
     (c-continued-statement-offset .  5))
    ("BSD"
     (c-indent-level               .  4)
     (c-argdecl-indent             .  4)
     (c-brace-offset               . -4)
     (c-label-offset               . -4)
     (c-continued-statement-offset .  4))
    ("C++"
     (c-indent-level               . 4)
     (c-continued-statement-offset . 4)
     (c-brace-offset               . -4)
     (c-argdecl-indent             . 0)
     (c-label-offset               . -4)
     (c-auto-newline               . t))
    ("Whitesmith"
     (c-indent-level               .  4)
     (c-argdecl-indent             .  4)
     (c-brace-offset               .  0)
     (c-label-offset               . -4)
     (c-continued-statement-offset .  4))))

(defconst c-auto-newline nil
  "*Non-nil means automatically newline before and after braces,
and after colons and semicolons, inserted in C code.
If you do not want a leading newline before braces then use:
  (define-key c-mode-map \"{\" 'electric-c-semi)")

(defconst c-tab-always-indent t
  "*Non-nil means TAB in C mode should always reindent the current line,
regardless of where in the line point is when the TAB command is used.")

;;; Regular expression used internally to recognize labels in switch
;;; statements.
(defconst c-switch-label-regexp "case[ \t'/(]\\|default\\(\\S_\\|'\\)")

\f
(defun c-mode ()
  "Major mode for editing C code.
Expression and list commands understand all C brackets.
Tab indents for C code.
Comments are delimited with /* ... */.
Paragraphs are separated by blank lines only.
Delete converts tabs to spaces as it moves back.
\\{c-mode-map}
Variables controlling indentation style:
 c-tab-always-indent
    Non-nil means TAB in C mode should always reindent the current line,
    regardless of where in the line point is when the TAB command is used.
 c-auto-newline
    Non-nil means automatically newline before and after braces,
    and after colons and semicolons, inserted in C code.
 c-indent-level
    Indentation of C statements within surrounding block.
    The surrounding block's indentation is the indentation
    of the line on which the open-brace appears.
 c-continued-statement-offset
    Extra indentation given to a substatement, such as the
    then-clause of an if or body of a while.
 c-continued-brace-offset
    Extra indentation given to a brace that starts a substatement.
    This is in addition to c-continued-statement-offset.
 c-brace-offset
    Extra indentation for line if it starts with an open brace.
 c-brace-imaginary-offset
    An open brace following other text is treated as if it were
    this far to the right of the start of its line.
 c-argdecl-indent
    Indentation level of declarations of C function arguments.
 c-label-offset
    Extra indentation for line that is a label, or case or default.

Settings for K&R and BSD indentation styles are
  c-indent-level                5    8
  c-continued-statement-offset  5    8
  c-brace-offset               -5   -8
  c-argdecl-indent              0    8
  c-label-offset               -5   -8

Turning on C mode calls the value of the variable c-mode-hook with no args,
if that value is non-nil."
  (interactive)
  (kill-all-local-variables)
  (use-local-map c-mode-map)
  (setq major-mode 'c-mode)
  (setq mode-name "C")
  (setq local-abbrev-table c-mode-abbrev-table)
  (set-syntax-table c-mode-syntax-table)
  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-start)
  (setq paragraph-start (concat "^$\\|" page-delimiter))
  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-separate)
  (setq paragraph-separate paragraph-start)
  (make-local-variable 'paragraph-ignore-fill-prefix)
  (setq paragraph-ignore-fill-prefix t)
  (make-local-variable 'indent-line-function)
  (setq indent-line-function 'c-indent-line)
  (make-local-variable 'indent-region-function)
  (setq indent-region-function 'c-indent-region)
  (make-local-variable 'require-final-newline)
  (setq require-final-newline t)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-start)
  (setq comment-start "/* ")
  (make-local-variable 'comment-end)
  (setq comment-end " */")
  (make-local-variable 'comment-column)
  (setq comment-column 32)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-start-skip)
  (setq comment-start-skip "/\\*+ *")
  (make-local-variable 'comment-indent-hook)
  (setq comment-indent-hook 'c-comment-indent)
  (make-local-variable 'parse-sexp-ignore-comments)
  (setq parse-sexp-ignore-comments t)
  (run-hooks 'c-mode-hook))
\f
;; This is used by indent-for-comment
;; to decide how much to indent a comment in C code
;; based on its context.
(defun c-comment-indent ()
  (if (looking-at "^/\\*")
      0                         ;Existing comment at bol stays there.
    (let ((opoint (point)))
      (save-excursion
        (beginning-of-line)
        (cond ((looking-at "[ \t]*}[ \t]*\\($\\|/\\*\\)")
               ;; A comment following a solitary close-brace
               ;; should have only one space.
               (search-forward "}")
               (1+ (current-column)))
              ((or (looking-at "^#[ \t]*endif[ \t]*")
                   (looking-at "^#[ \t]*else[ \t]*"))
               7)                       ;2 spaces after #endif
              ((progn
                 (goto-char opoint)
                 (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                 (and (= comment-column 0) (bolp)))
               ;; If comment-column is 0, and nothing but space
               ;; before the comment, align it at 0 rather than 1.
               0)
              (t
               (max (1+ (current-column))       ;Else indent at comment column
                    comment-column)))))))       ; except leave at least one space.

(defun c-fill-paragraph (&optional arg)
  "Like \\[fill-paragraph] but handle C comments.
If any of the current line is a comment or within a comment,
fill the comment or the paragraph of it that point is in,
preserving the comment indentation or line-starting decorations."
  (interactive "P")
  (let* (comment-start-place
         (first-line
          ;; Check for obvious entry to comment.
          (save-excursion
            (beginning-of-line)
            (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
            (and (looking-at comment-start-skip)
                 (setq comment-start-place (point))))))
    (if (or first-line
            ;; t if we enter a comment between start of function and this line.
            (eq (calculate-c-indent) t)
            ;; t if this line contains a comment starter.
            (setq first-line
                  (save-excursion
                    (beginning-of-line)
                    (prog1
                        (re-search-forward comment-start-skip
                                           (save-excursion (end-of-line)
                                                           (point))
                                           t)
                      (setq comment-start-place (point))))))
        ;; Inside a comment: fill one comment paragraph.
        (let ((fill-prefix
               ;; The prefix for each line of this paragraph
               ;; is the appropriate part of the start of this line,
               ;; up to the column at which text should be indented.
               (save-excursion
                 (beginning-of-line)
                 (if (looking-at "[ \t]*/\\*.*\\*/")
                     (progn (re-search-forward comment-start-skip)
                            (make-string (current-column) ?\ ))
                   (if first-line (forward-line 1))

                   (let ((line-width (progn (end-of-line) (current-column))))
                     (beginning-of-line)
                     (prog1
                         (buffer-substring
                          (point)

                          ;; How shall we decide where the end of the
                          ;; fill-prefix is?
                          ;; calculate-c-indent-within-comment bases its value
                          ;; on the indentation of previous lines; if they're
                          ;; indented specially, it could return a column
                          ;; that's well into the current line's text.  So
                          ;; we'll take at most that many space, tab, or *
                          ;; characters, and use that as our fill prefix.
                          (let ((max-prefix-end
                                 (progn
                                   (move-to-column
                                    (calculate-c-indent-within-comment t)
                                    t)
                                   (point))))
                            (beginning-of-line)
                            (skip-chars-forward " \t*" max-prefix-end)
                            (point)))

                       ;; If the comment is only one line followed by a blank
                       ;; line, calling move-to-column above may have added
                       ;; some spaces and tabs to the end of the line; the
                       ;; fill-paragraph function will then delete it and the
                       ;; newline following it, so we'll lose a blank line
                       ;; when we shouldn't.  So delete anything
                       ;; move-to-column added to the end of the line.  We
                       ;; record the line width instead of the position of the
                       ;; old line end because move-to-column might break a
                       ;; tab into spaces, and the new characters introduced
                       ;; there shouldn't be deleted.

                       ;; If you can see a better way to do this, please make
                       ;; the change.  This seems very messy to me.
                       (delete-region (progn (move-to-column line-width)
                                             (point))
                                      (progn (end-of-line) (point))))))))

              (paragraph-start
               ;; Lines containing just a comment start or just an end
               ;; should not be filled into paragraphs they are next to.
               (concat paragraph-start
                       "\\|^[ \t]*/\\*[ \t]*$\\|^[ \t]*\\*/[ \t]*$\\|^[^ \t/*]"))
              (paragraph-separate
               (concat paragraph-separate
                       "\\|^[ \t]*/\\*[ \t]*$\\|^[ \t]*\\*/[ \t]*$\\|^[^ \t/*]"))
              (chars-to-delete 0))
          (save-restriction
            ;; Don't fill the comment together with the code following it.
            ;; So temporarily exclude everything before the comment start,
            ;; and everything after the line where the comment ends.
            ;; If comment-start-place is non-nil, the comment starter is there.
            ;; Otherwise, point is inside the comment.
            (narrow-to-region (save-excursion
                                (if comment-start-place
                                    (goto-char comment-start-place)
                                  (search-backward "/*"))
                                ;; Protect text before the comment start 
                                ;; by excluding it.  Add spaces to bring back 
                                ;; proper indentation of that point.
                                (let ((column (current-column)))
                                  (prog1 (point)
                                    (setq chars-to-delete column)
                                    (insert-char ?\  column))))
                              (save-excursion
                                (if comment-start-place
                                    (goto-char (+ comment-start-place 2)))
                                (search-forward "*/" nil 'move)
                                (forward-line 1)
                                (point)))
            
            (fill-paragraph arg)
            (save-excursion
              ;; Delete the chars we inserted to avoid clobbering
              ;; the stuff before the comment start.
              (goto-char (point-min))
              (if (> chars-to-delete 0)
                  (delete-region (point) (+ (point) chars-to-delete)))
              ;; Find the comment ender (should be on last line of buffer,
              ;; given the narrowing) and don't leave it on its own line.
              (goto-char (point-max))
              (forward-line -1)
              (search-forward "*/" nil 'move)
              (beginning-of-line)
              (if (looking-at "[ \t]*\\*/")
                  (delete-indentation)))))
      ;; Outside of comments: do ordinary filling.
      (fill-paragraph arg))))

(defun electric-c-brace (arg)
  "Insert character and correct line's indentation."
  (interactive "P")
  (let (insertpos)
    (if (and (not arg)
             (eolp)
             (or (save-excursion
                   (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                   (bolp))
                 (if c-auto-newline (progn (c-indent-line) (newline) t) nil)))
        (progn
          (insert last-command-char)
          (c-indent-line)
          (if c-auto-newline
              (progn
                (newline)
                ;; (newline) may have done auto-fill
                (setq insertpos (- (point) 2))
                (c-indent-line)))
          (save-excursion
            (if insertpos (goto-char (1+ insertpos)))
            (delete-char -1))))
    (if insertpos
        (save-excursion
          (goto-char insertpos)
          (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg)))
      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg)))))

(defun electric-c-sharp-sign (arg)
  "Insert character and correct line's indentation."
  (interactive "P")
  (if (save-excursion
        (skip-chars-backward " \t")
        (bolp))
      (let ((c-auto-newline nil))
        (electric-c-terminator arg))
    (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))))

(defun electric-c-semi (arg)
  "Insert character and correct line's indentation."
  (interactive "P")
  (if c-auto-newline
      (electric-c-terminator arg)
    (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg))))

(defun electric-c-terminator (arg)
  "Insert character and correct line's indentation."
  (interactive "P")
  (let (insertpos (end (point)))
    (if (and (not arg) (eolp)
             (not (save-excursion
                    (beginning-of-line)
                    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
                    (or (= (following-char) ?#)
                        ;; Colon is special only after a label, or case ....
                        ;; So quickly rule out most other uses of colon
                        ;; and do no indentation for them.
                        (and (eq last-command-char ?:)
                             (not (looking-at c-switch-label-regexp))
                             (save-excursion
                               (skip-chars-forward "a-zA-Z0-9_$")
                               (skip-chars-forward " \t")
                               (< (point) end)))
                        (progn
                          (beginning-of-defun)
                          (let ((pps (parse-partial-sexp (point) end)))
                            (or (nth 3 pps) (nth 4 pps) (nth 5 pps))))))))
        (progn
          (insert last-command-char)
          (c-indent-line)
          (and c-auto-newline
               (not (c-inside-parens-p))
               (progn
                 (newline)
                 ;; (newline) may have done auto-fill
                 (setq insertpos (- (point) 2))
                 (c-indent-line)))
          (save-excursion
            (if insertpos (goto-char (1+ insertpos)))
            (delete-char -1))))
    (if insertpos
        (save-excursion
          (goto-char insertpos)
          (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg)))
      (self-insert-command (prefix-numeric-value arg)))))

(defun c-inside-parens-p ()
  (condition-case ()
      (save-excursion
        (save-restriction
          (narrow-to-region (point)
                            (progn (beginning-of-defun) (point)))
          (goto-char (point-max))
          (= (char-after (or (scan-lists (point) -1 1) (point-min))) ?\()))
    (error nil)))
\f
(defun c-indent-command (&optional whole-exp)
  "Indent current line as C code, or in some cases insert a tab character.
If `c-tab-always-indent' is non-nil (the default), always indent current line.
Otherwise, indent the current line only if point is at the left margin or
in the line's indentation; otherwise insert a tab.

A numeric argument, regardless of its value, means indent rigidly all the
lines of the expression starting after point so that this line becomes
properly indented.  The relative indentation among the lines of the
expression are preserved."
  (interactive "P")
  (if whole-exp
      ;; If arg, always indent this line as C
      ;; and shift remaining lines of expression the same amount.
      (let ((shift-amt (c-indent-line))
            beg end)
        (save-excursion
          (if c-tab-always-indent
              (beginning-of-line))
          ;; Find beginning of following line.
          (save-excursion
            (forward-line 1) (setq beg (point)))
          ;; Find first beginning-of-sexp for sexp extending past this line.
          (while (< (point) beg)
            (forward-sexp 1)
            (setq end (point))
            (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")))
        (if (> end beg)
            (indent-code-rigidly beg end shift-amt "#")))
    (if (and (not c-tab-always-indent)
             (save-excursion
               (skip-chars-backward " \t")
               (not (bolp))))
        (insert-tab)
      (c-indent-line))))

(defun c-indent-line ()
  "Indent current line as C code.
Return the amount the indentation changed by."
  (let ((indent (calculate-c-indent nil))
        beg shift-amt
        (case-fold-search nil)
        (pos (- (point-max) (point))))
    (beginning-of-line)
    (setq beg (point))
    (cond ((eq indent nil)
           (setq indent (current-indentation)))
          ((eq indent t)
           (setq indent (calculate-c-indent-within-comment)))
          ((looking-at "[ \t]*#")
           (setq indent 0))
          (t
           (skip-chars-forward " \t")
           (if (listp indent) (setq indent (car indent)))
           (cond ((or (looking-at c-switch-label-regexp)
                      (and (looking-at "[A-Za-z]")
                           (save-excursion
                             (forward-sexp 1)
                             (looking-at ":"))))
                  (setq indent (max 1 (+ indent c-label-offset))))
                 ((and (looking-at "else\\b")
                       (not (looking-at "else\\s_")))
                  (setq indent (save-excursion
                                 (c-backward-to-start-of-if)
                                 (current-indentation))))
                 ((looking-at "}[ \t]*else")
                  (setq indent (save-excursion
                                 (forward-char)
                                 (backward-sexp)
                                 (current-indentation))))
                 ((and (looking-at "while\\b")
                       (save-excursion
                         (c-backward-to-start-of-do)))
                  ;; This is a `while' that ends a do-while.
                  (setq indent (save-excursion
                                 (c-backward-to-start-of-do)
                                 (current-indentation))))
                 ((= (following-char) ?})
                  (setq indent (- indent c-indent-level)))
                 ((= (following-char) ?{)
                  (setq indent (+ indent c-brace-offset))))))
    (skip-chars-forward " \t")
    (setq shift-amt (- indent (current-column)))
    (if (zerop shift-amt)
        (if (> (- (point-max) pos) (point))
            (goto-char (- (point-max) pos)))
      (delete-region beg (point))
      (indent-to indent)
      ;; If initial point was within line's indentation,
      ;; position after the indentation.  Else stay at same point in text.
      (if (> (- (point-max) pos) (point))
          (goto-char (- (point-max) pos))))
    shift-amt))

(defun calculate-c-indent (&optional parse-start)
  "Return appropriate indentation for current line as C code.
In usual case returns an integer: the column to indent to.
Returns nil if line starts inside a string, t if in a comment."
  (save-excursion
    (beginning-of-line)
    (let ((indent-point (point))
          (case-fold-search nil)
          state
          containing-sexp)
      (if parse-start
          (goto-char parse-start)
        (beginning-of-defun))
      (while (< (point) indent-point)
        (setq parse-start (point))
        (setq state (parse-partial-sexp (point) indent-point 0))
        (setq containing-sexp (car (cdr state))))
      (cond ((or (nth 3 state) (nth 4 state))
             ;; return nil or t if should not change this line
             (nth 4 state))
            ((null containing-sexp)
             ;; Line is at top level.  May be data or function definition,
             ;; or may be function argument declaration.
             ;; Indent like the previous top level line
             ;; unless that ends in a closeparen without semicolon,
             ;; in which case this line is the first argument decl.
             (goto-char indent-point)
             (skip-chars-forward " \t")
             (if (= (following-char) ?{)
                 0   ; Unless it starts a function body
               (c-backward-to-noncomment (or parse-start (point-min)))
               ;; Look at previous line that's at column 0
               ;; to determine whether we are in top-level decls
               ;; or function's arg decls.  Set basic-indent accordingly.
               (let ((basic-indent
                      (save-excursion
                        (re-search-backward "^[^ \^L\t\n#]" nil 'move)
                        (let (comment lim)
                          ;; Recognize the DEFUN macro in Emacs.
                          (if (save-excursion
                                ;; Move down to the (putative) argnames line.
                                (while (and (not (eobp))
                                            (not (looking-at " *[({}#/]")))
                                  (forward-line 1))
                                ;; Go back to the DEFUN, if it is one.
                                (condition-case nil
                                    (backward-sexp 1)
                                  (error))
                                (beginning-of-line)
                                (looking-at "DEFUN\\b"))
                              c-argdecl-indent
                            (if (and (looking-at "\\sw\\|\\s_")
                                     ;; This is careful to stop at the first
                                     ;; paren if we have
                                     ;; int foo Proto ((int, int));
                                     (looking-at "[^\"\n=(]*(")
                                     (progn
                                       (goto-char (1- (match-end 0)))
                                       (setq lim (point))
                                       (condition-case nil
                                           (forward-sexp 1)
                                         (error))
                                       (skip-chars-forward " \t\f")
                                       (and (< (point) indent-point)
                                            (not (memq (following-char)
                                                       '(?\, ?\;)))))
                                     ;; Make sure the "function decl" we found
                                     ;; is not inside a comment.
                                     (progn
                                       (beginning-of-line)
                                       (while (and (not comment)
                                                   (search-forward "/*" lim t))
                                         (setq comment
                                               (not (search-forward "*/" lim t))))
                                       (not comment)))
                                c-argdecl-indent 0))))))
                 basic-indent)))

;;               ;; Now add a little if this is a continuation line.
;;               (+ basic-indent (if (or (bobp)
;;                                       (memq (preceding-char) '(?\) ?\; ?\}))
;;                                       ;; Line with zero indentation
;;                                       ;; is probably the return-type
;;                                       ;; of a function definition,
;;                                       ;; so following line is function name.
;;                                       (= (current-indentation) 0))
;;                                   0 c-continued-statement-offset))

            ((/= (char-after containing-sexp) ?{)
             ;; line is expression, not statement:
             ;; indent to just after the surrounding open.
             (goto-char (1+ containing-sexp))
             (current-column))
            (t
             ;; Statement level.  Is it a continuation or a new statement?
             ;; Find previous non-comment character.
             (goto-char indent-point)
             (c-backward-to-noncomment containing-sexp)
             ;; Back up over label lines, since they don't
             ;; affect whether our line is a continuation.
             (while (or (eq (preceding-char) ?\,)
                        (and (eq (preceding-char) ?:)
                             (or (eq (char-after (- (point) 2)) ?\')
                                 (memq (char-syntax (char-after (- (point) 2)))
                                       '(?w ?_)))))
               (if (eq (preceding-char) ?\,)
                   (progn (forward-char -1)
                          (c-backward-to-start-of-continued-exp containing-sexp)))
               (beginning-of-line)
               (c-backward-to-noncomment containing-sexp))
             ;; Check for a preprocessor statement or its continuation lines.
             ;; Move back to end of previous non-preprocessor line.
             (let ((found (point)) stop)
               (while (not stop)
                 (cond ((save-excursion (end-of-line 0)
                                        (= (preceding-char) ?\\))
                        (end-of-line 0))
                       ;; This line is not preceded by a backslash.
                       ;; So either it starts a preprocessor command
                       ;; or any following continuation lines
                       ;; should not be skipped.
                       ((progn (beginning-of-line) (= (following-char) ?#))
                        (end-of-line 0)
                        (setq found (point)))
                       (t (setq stop t))))
               (goto-char found))
             ;; Now we get the answer.
             (if (and (not (memq (preceding-char) '(nil ?\, ?\; ?\} ?\{)))
                      ;; But don't treat a line with a close-brace
                      ;; as a continuation.  It is probably the
                      ;; end of an enum type declaration.
                      (save-excursion
                        (goto-char indent-point)
                        (skip-chars-forward " \t")
                        (not (= (following-char) ?}))))
                 ;; This line is continuation of preceding line's statement;
                 ;; indent  c-continued-statement-offset  more than the
                 ;; previous line of the statement.
                 (progn
                   (c-backward-to-start-of-continued-exp containing-sexp)
                   (+ c-continued-statement-offset (current-column)
                      (if (save-excursion (goto-char indent-point)
                                          (skip-chars-forward " \t")
                                          (eq (following-char) ?{))
                          c-continued-brace-offset 0)))
               ;; This line starts a new statement.
               ;; Position following last unclosed open.
               (goto-char containing-sexp)
               ;; Is line first statement after an open-brace?
               (or
                 ;; If no, find that first statement and indent like it.
                 (save-excursion
                   (forward-char 1)
                   (let ((colon-line-end 0))
                     (while (progn (skip-chars-forward " \t\n")
                                   (looking-at "#\\|/\\*\\|case[ \t\n'/(].*:\\|[a-zA-Z0-9_$]*:"))
                       ;; Skip over comments and labels following openbrace.
                       (cond ((= (following-char) ?\#)
                              (forward-line 1))
                             ((= (following-char) ?\/)
                              (forward-char 2)
                              (search-forward "*/" nil 'move))
                             ;; case or label:
                             (t
                              (save-excursion (end-of-line)
                                              (setq colon-line-end (point)))
                              (search-forward ":"))))
                     ;; The first following code counts
                     ;; if it is before the line we want to indent.
                     (and (< (point) indent-point)
                          (- 
                           (if (> colon-line-end (point))
                               (- (current-indentation) c-label-offset)
                             (current-column))
                           ;; If prev stmt starts with open-brace, that
                           ;; open brace was offset by c-brace-offset.
                           ;; Compensate to get the column where
                           ;; an ordinary statement would start.
                           (if (= (following-char) ?\{) c-brace-offset 0)))))
                 ;; If no previous statement,
                 ;; indent it relative to line brace is on.
                 ;; For open brace in column zero, don't let statement
                 ;; start there too.  If c-indent-level is zero,
                 ;; use c-brace-offset + c-continued-statement-offset instead.
                 ;; For open-braces not the first thing in a line,
                 ;; add in c-brace-imaginary-offset.
                 (+ (if (and (bolp) (zerop c-indent-level))
                        (+ c-brace-offset c-continued-statement-offset)
                      c-indent-level)
                    ;; Move back over whitespace before the openbrace.
                    ;; If openbrace is not first nonwhite thing on the line,
                    ;; add the c-brace-imaginary-offset.
                    (progn (skip-chars-backward " \t")
                           (if (bolp) 0 c-brace-imaginary-offset))
                    ;; If the openbrace is preceded by a parenthesized exp,
                    ;; move to the beginning of that;
                    ;; possibly a different line
                    (progn
                      (if (eq (preceding-char) ?\))
                          (forward-sexp -1))
                      ;; Get initial indentation of the line we are on.
                      (current-indentation))))))))))

(defun calculate-c-indent-within-comment (&optional after-star)
  "Return the indentation amount for line inside a block comment.
Optional arg AFTER-STAR means, if lines in the comment have a leading star,
return the indentation of the text that would follow this star."
  (let (end star-start)
    (save-excursion
      (beginning-of-line)
      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
      (setq star-start (= (following-char) ?\*))
      (skip-chars-backward " \t\n")
      (setq end (point))
      (beginning-of-line)
      (skip-chars-forward " \t")
      (if after-star
          (and (looking-at "\\*")
               (re-search-forward "\\*[ \t]*")))
      (and (re-search-forward "/\\*[ \t]*" end t)
           star-start
           (not after-star)
           (goto-char (1+ (match-beginning 0))))
      (if (and (looking-at "[ \t]*$") (= (preceding-char) ?\*))
          (1+ (current-column))
        (current-column)))))


(defun c-backward-to-noncomment (lim)
  (let (opoint stop)
    (while (not stop)
      (skip-chars-backward " \t\n\f" lim)
      (setq opoint (point))
      (if (and (>= (point) (+ 2 lim))
               (save-excursion
                 (forward-char -2)
                 (looking-at "\\*/")))
          (search-backward "/*" lim 'move)
        (setq stop (or (<= (point) lim)
                       (save-excursion
                         (beginning-of-line)
                         (skip-chars-forward " \t")
                         (not (looking-at "#")))))
        (or stop (beginning-of-line))))))

(defun c-backward-to-start-of-continued-exp (lim)
  (if (memq (preceding-char) '(?\) ?\"))
      (forward-sexp -1))
  (beginning-of-line)
  (if (<= (point) lim)
      (goto-char (1+ lim)))
  (skip-chars-forward " \t"))

(defun c-backward-to-start-of-if (&optional limit)
  "Move to the start of the last \"unbalanced\" `if'."
  (or limit (setq limit (save-excursion (beginning-of-defun) (point))))
  (let ((if-level 1)
        (case-fold-search nil))
    (while (and (not (bobp)) (not (zerop if-level)))
      (backward-sexp 1)
      (cond ((looking-at "else\\b")
             (setq if-level (1+ if-level)))
            ((looking-at "if\\b")
             (setq if-level (1- if-level)))
            ((< (point) limit)
             (setq if-level 0)
             (goto-char limit))))))

(defun c-backward-to-start-of-do (&optional limit)
  "If point follows a `do' statement, move to beginning of it and return t.
Otherwise return nil and don't move point."
  (or limit (setq limit (save-excursion (beginning-of-defun) (point))))
  (let ((first t)
        (startpos (point))
        (done nil))
    (while (not done)
      (let ((next-start (point)))
        (condition-case nil
            ;; Move back one token or one brace or paren group.
            (backward-sexp 1)
          ;; If we find an open-brace, we lose.
          (error (setq done 'fail)))
        (if done
            nil
          ;; If we reached a `do', we win.
          (if (looking-at "do\\b")
              (setq done 'succeed)
            ;; Otherwise, if we skipped a semicolon, we lose.
            ;; (Exception: we can skip one semicolon before getting
            ;; to a the last token of the statement, unless that token
            ;; is a close brace.)
            (if (save-excursion
                  (forward-sexp 1)
                  (or (and (not first) (= (preceding-char) ?}))
                      (search-forward ";" next-start t
                                      (if (and first
                                               (/= (preceding-char) ?}))
                                          2 1))))
                (setq done 'fail)
              (setq first nil)
              ;; If we go too far back in the buffer, we lose.
              (if (< (point) limit)
                  (setq done 'fail)))))))
    (if (eq done 'succeed)
        t
      (goto-char startpos)
      nil)))
\f
(defun c-beginning-of-statement (count)
  "Go to the beginning of the innermost C statement.
With prefix arg, go back N - 1 statements.  If already at the beginning of a
statement then go to the beginning of the preceeding one.
If within a string or comment, move by sentences instead of statements."
  (interactive "p")
  (let ((here (point)) state)
    (save-excursion
      (beginning-of-defun)
      (setq state (parse-partial-sexp (point) here nil nil)))
    (if (or (nth 3 state) (nth 4 state))
        (forward-sentence (- count))
      (while (> count 0)
        (c-beginning-of-statement-1)
        (setq count (1- count)))
      (while (< count 0)
        (c-end-of-statement-1)
        (setq count (1+ count))))))

(defun c-end-of-statement (count)
  "Go to the end of the innermost C statement.
With prefix arg, go forward N - 1 statements.
Move forward to end of the next statement if already at end.
If within a string or comment, move by sentences instead of statements."
  (interactive "p")
  (c-beginning-of-statement (- count)))

(defun c-beginning-of-statement-1 ()
  (let ((last-begin (point))
        (first t))
    (condition-case ()
        (progn
          (while (and (not (bobp))
                      (progn
                        (backward-sexp 1)
                        (or first
                            (not (re-search-forward "[;{}]" last-begin t)))))
            (setq last-begin (point) first nil))
          (goto-char last-begin))
      (error (if first (backward-up-list 1) (goto-char last-begin))))))

(defun c-end-of-statement-1 ()
  (condition-case ()
      (progn
        (while (and (not (eobp))
                    (let ((beg (point)))
                      (forward-sexp 1)
                      (let ((end (point)))
                        (save-excursion
                          (goto-char beg)
                          (not (re-search-forward "[;{}]" end t)))))))
        (re-search-backward "[;}]")
        (forward-char 1))
    (error 
     (let ((beg (point)))
       (backward-up-list -1)
       (let ((end (point)))
         (goto-char beg)
         (search-forward ";" end 'move))))))
\f
(defun mark-c-function ()
  "Put mark at end of C function, point at beginning."
  (interactive)
  (push-mark (point))
  (end-of-defun)
  (push-mark (point))
  (beginning-of-defun)
  (backward-paragraph))
\f
(defun indent-c-exp (&optional endpos)
  "Indent each line of the C grouping following point.
If optional arg ENDPOS is given, indent each line, stopping when
ENDPOS is encountered."
  (interactive)
  (let* ((indent-stack (list nil))
         (opoint (point))  ;; May be altered below.
         (contain-stack
          (list (if endpos
                    (let (funbeg)
                      ;; Find previous fcn-start.
                      (save-excursion (forward-char 1)
                                      (beginning-of-defun)
                                      (setq funbeg (point)))
                      ;; Try to find containing open,
                      ;; but don't scan past that fcn-start.
                      (save-restriction
                        (narrow-to-region funbeg (point))
                        (condition-case nil
                            (save-excursion
                              (backward-up-list 1) (point))
                          ;; We gave up: must be between fcns.
                          ;; Set opoint to beg of prev fcn
                          ;; since otherwise calculate-c-indent
                          ;; will get wrong answers.
                          (error (setq opoint funbeg)
                                 (point)))))
                  (point))))
         (case-fold-search nil)
         restart outer-loop-done inner-loop-done state ostate
         this-indent last-sexp
         at-else at-brace at-while
         last-depth
         (next-depth 0))
    ;; If the braces don't match, get an error right away.
    (save-excursion
      (forward-sexp 1))
    ;; Realign the comment on the first line, even though we don't reindent it.
    (save-excursion
      (let ((beg (point)))
        (and (re-search-forward
              comment-start-skip
              (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point)) t)
             ;; Make sure the comment starter we found
             ;; is not actually in a string or quoted.
             (let ((new-state
                    (parse-partial-sexp beg (point)
                                        nil nil state)))
               (and (not (nth 3 new-state)) (not (nth 5 new-state))))
            (progn (indent-for-comment) (beginning-of-line)))))
    (save-excursion
      (setq outer-loop-done nil)
      (while (and (not (eobp))
                  (if endpos (< (point) endpos)
                    (not outer-loop-done)))
        (setq last-depth next-depth)
        ;; Compute how depth changes over this line
        ;; plus enough other lines to get to one that
        ;; does not end inside a comment or string.
        ;; Meanwhile, do appropriate indentation on comment lines.
        (setq inner-loop-done nil)
        (while (and (not inner-loop-done)
                    (not (and (eobp) (setq outer-loop-done t))))
          (setq ostate state)
          (setq state (parse-partial-sexp (point) (progn (end-of-line) (point))
                                          nil nil state))
          (setq next-depth (car state))
          (if (and (car (cdr (cdr state)))
                   (>= (car (cdr (cdr state))) 0))
              (setq last-sexp (car (cdr (cdr state)))))
          (if (or (nth 4 ostate))
              (c-indent-line))
          (if (or (nth 3 state))
              (forward-line 1)
            (setq inner-loop-done t)))
        (and endpos
             (while (< next-depth 0)
               (setq indent-stack (append indent-stack (list nil)))
               (setq contain-stack (append contain-stack (list nil)))
               (setq next-depth (1+ next-depth))
               (setq last-depth (1+ last-depth))
               (setcar (nthcdr 6 state) (1+ (nth 6 state)))))
        (setq outer-loop-done (and (not endpos) (<= next-depth 0)))
        (if outer-loop-done
            nil
          ;; If this line had ..))) (((.. in it, pop out of the levels
          ;; that ended anywhere in this line, even if the final depth
          ;; doesn't indicate that they ended.
          (while (> last-depth (nth 6 state))
            (setq indent-stack (cdr indent-stack)
                  contain-stack (cdr contain-stack)
                  last-depth (1- last-depth)))
          (if (/= last-depth next-depth)
              (setq last-sexp nil))
          ;; Add levels for any parens that were started in this line.
          (while (< last-depth next-depth)
            (setq indent-stack (cons nil indent-stack)
                  contain-stack (cons nil contain-stack)
                  last-depth (1+ last-depth)))
          (if (null (car contain-stack))
              (setcar contain-stack (or (car (cdr state))
                                        (save-excursion (forward-sexp -1)
                                                        (point)))))
          (forward-line 1)
          (skip-chars-forward " \t")
          (if (eolp)
              nil
            (if (and (car indent-stack)
                     (>= (car indent-stack) 0))
                ;; Line is on an existing nesting level.
                ;; Lines inside parens are handled specially.
                (if (/= (char-after (car contain-stack)) ?{)
                    (setq this-indent (car indent-stack))
                  ;; Line is at statement level.
                  ;; Is it a new statement?  Is it an else?
                  ;; Find last non-comment character before this line
                  (save-excursion
                    (setq at-else (looking-at "else\\W"))
                    (setq at-brace (= (following-char) ?{))
                    (setq at-while (looking-at "while\\b"))
                    (c-backward-to-noncomment opoint)
                    (if (not (memq (preceding-char) '(nil ?\, ?\; ?} ?: ?{)))
                        ;; Preceding line did not end in comma or semi;
                        ;; indent this line  c-continued-statement-offset
                        ;; more than previous.
                        (progn
                          (c-backward-to-start-of-continued-exp (car contain-stack))
                          (setq this-indent
                                (+ c-continued-statement-offset (current-column)
                                   (if at-brace c-continued-brace-offset 0))))
                      ;; Preceding line ended in comma or semi;
                      ;; use the standard indent for this level.
                      (cond (at-else (progn (c-backward-to-start-of-if opoint)
                                            (setq this-indent
                                                  (current-indentation))))
                            ((and at-while (c-backward-to-start-of-do opoint))
                             (setq this-indent (current-indentation)))
                            (t (setq this-indent (car indent-stack)))))))
              ;; Just started a new nesting level.
              ;; Compute the standard indent for this level.
              (let ((val (calculate-c-indent
                           (if (car indent-stack)
                               (- (car indent-stack))
                             opoint))))
                (setcar indent-stack
                        (setq this-indent val))))
            ;; Adjust line indentation according to its contents
            (if (or (looking-at c-switch-label-regexp)
                    (and (looking-at "[A-Za-z]")
                         (save-excursion
                           (forward-sexp 1)
                           (looking-at ":"))))
                (setq this-indent (max 1 (+ this-indent c-label-offset))))
            (if (= (following-char) ?})
                (setq this-indent (- this-indent c-indent-level)))
            (if (= (following-char) ?{)
                (setq this-indent (+ this-indent c-brace-offset)))
            ;; Don't leave indentation in empty lines.
            (if (eolp) (setq this-indent 0))
            ;; Put chosen indentation into effect.
            (or (= (current-column) this-indent)
                (= (following-char) ?\#)
                (progn
                  (delete-region (point) (progn (beginning-of-line) (point)))
                  (indent-to this-indent)))
            ;; Indent any comment following the text.
            (or (looking-at comment-start-skip)
                (let ((beg (point)))
                  (and (re-search-forward
                        comment-start-skip
                        (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point)) t)
                       ;; Make sure the comment starter we found
                       ;; is not actually in a string or quoted.
                       (let ((new-state
                              (parse-partial-sexp beg (point)
                                                  nil nil state)))
                         (and (not (nth 3 new-state)) (not (nth 5 new-state))))
                      (progn (indent-for-comment) (beginning-of-line)))))))))))

;; Look at all comment-start strings in the current line after point.
;; Return t if one of them starts a real comment.
;; This is not used yet, because indent-for-comment
;; isn't smart enough to handle the cases this can find.
(defun indent-c-find-real-comment ()
  (let (win)
    (while (and (not win)
                (re-search-forward comment-start-skip
                                   (save-excursion (end-of-line) (point))
                                   t))
      ;; Make sure the comment start is not quoted.
      (let ((state-1
             (parse-partial-sexp
              (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (point))
              (point) nil nil state)))
        (setq win (and (null (nth 3 state-1)) (null (nth 5 state-1))))))
    win))

;; Indent every line whose first char is between START and END inclusive.
(defun c-indent-region (start end)
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char start)
    (let ((endmark (copy-marker end)))
      (and (bolp) (not (eolp))
           (c-indent-line))
      (indent-c-exp endmark)
      (set-marker endmark nil))))
\f
(defun set-c-style (style &optional global)
  "Set C-mode variables to use one of several different indentation styles.
The arguments are a string representing the desired style
and a flag which, if non-nil, means to set the style globally.
\(Interactively, the flag comes from the prefix argument.)
Available styles are GNU, K&R, BSD and Whitesmith."
  (interactive (list (completing-read "Use which C indentation style? "
                                      c-style-alist nil t)
                     current-prefix-arg))
  (let ((vars (cdr (assoc style c-style-alist))))
    (or vars
        (error "Invalid C indentation style `%s'" style))
    (while vars
      (or global
          (make-local-variable (car (car vars))))
      (set (car (car vars)) (cdr (car vars)))
      (setq vars (cdr vars)))))
\f
;;; This page handles insertion and removal of backslashes for C macros.

(defvar c-backslash-column 48
  "*Minimum column for end-of-line backslashes of macro definitions.")

(defun c-backslash-region (from to delete-flag)
  "Insert, align, or delete end-of-line backslashes on the lines in the region.
With no argument, inserts backslashes and aligns existing backslashes.
With an argument, deletes the backslashes.

This function does not modify the last line of the region if the region ends 
right at the start of the following line; it does not modify blank lines
at the start of the region.  So you can put the region around an entire macro
definition and conveniently use this command."
  (interactive "r\nP")
  (save-excursion
    (goto-char from)
    (let ((column c-backslash-column)
          (endmark (make-marker)))
      (move-marker endmark to)
      ;; Compute the smallest column number past the ends of all the lines.
      (if (not delete-flag)
          (while (< (point) to)
            (end-of-line)
            (if (= (preceding-char) ?\\)
                (progn (forward-char -1)
                       (skip-chars-backward " \t")))
            (setq column (max column (1+ (current-column))))
            (forward-line 1)))
      ;; Adjust upward to a tab column, if that doesn't push past the margin.
      (if (> (% column tab-width) 0)
          (let ((adjusted (* (/ (+ column tab-width -1) tab-width) tab-width)))
            (if (< adjusted (window-width))
                (setq column adjusted))))
      ;; Don't modify blank lines at start of region.
      (goto-char from)
      (while (and (< (point) endmark) (eolp))
        (forward-line 1))
      ;; Add or remove backslashes on all the lines.
      (while (and (< (point) endmark)
                  ;; Don't backslashify the last line
                  ;; if the region ends right at the start of the next line.
                  (save-excursion
                    (forward-line 1)
                    (< (point) endmark)))
        (if (not delete-flag)
            (c-append-backslash column)
          (c-delete-backslash))
        (forward-line 1))
      (move-marker endmark nil))))

(defun c-append-backslash (column)
  (end-of-line)
  ;; Note that "\\\\" is needed to get one backslash.
  (if (= (preceding-char) ?\\)
      (progn (forward-char -1)
             (delete-horizontal-space)
             (indent-to column))
    (indent-to column)
    (insert "\\")))

(defun c-delete-backslash ()
  (end-of-line)
  (forward-char -1)
  (if (looking-at "\\\\")
      (delete-region (1+ (point))
                     (progn (skip-chars-backward " \t") (point)))))
\f
(defun c-up-conditional (count)
  "Move back to the containing preprocessor conditional, leaving mark behind.
A prefix argument acts as a repeat count.  With a negative argument,
move forward to the end of the containing preprocessor conditional.
When going backwards, `#elif' is treated like `#else' followed by `#if'.
When going forwards, `#elif' is ignored."
  (interactive "p")
  (let* ((forward (< count 0))
         (increment (if forward -1 1))
         (search-function (if forward 're-search-forward 're-search-backward))
         (opoint (point))
         (new))
    (save-excursion
      (while (/= count 0)
        (if forward (end-of-line))
        (let ((depth 0) found)
          (save-excursion
            ;; Find the "next" significant line in the proper direction.
            (while (and (not found)
                        ;; Rather than searching for a # sign that comes
                        ;; at the beginning of a line aside from whitespace,
                        ;; search first for a string starting with # sign.
                        ;; Then verify what precedes it.
                        ;; This is faster on account of the fastmap feature of
                        ;; the regexp matcher.
                        (funcall search-function
                                 "#[ \t]*\\(if\\|elif\\|endif\\)"
                                 nil t)
                        (progn
                          (beginning-of-line)
                          (looking-at "^[ \t]*#[ \t]*\\(if\\|elif\\|endif\\)")))
              ;; Update depth according to what we found.
              (beginning-of-line)
              (cond ((looking-at "[ \t]*#[ \t]*endif")
                     (setq depth (+ depth increment)))
                    ((looking-at "[ \t]*#[ \t]*elif")
                     (if (and forward (= depth 0))
                         (setq found (point))))
                    (t (setq depth (- depth increment))))
              ;; If this line exits a level of conditional, exit inner loop.
              (if (< depth 0)
                  (setq found (point)))
              ;; When searching forward, start from end of line
              ;; so that we don't find the same line again.
              (if forward (end-of-line))))
          (or found
              (error "No containing preprocessor conditional"))
          (goto-char (setq new found)))
        (setq count (- count increment))))
    (push-mark)
    (goto-char new)))

;;; c-mode.el ends here