1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2006-06-04
2 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end for copying conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in emacs version 22.
11 See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
12 in older emacs versions.
14 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
15 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
18 +++ indicates that the appropriate manual has already been updated.
19 --- means no change in the manuals is called for.
20 When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or ---
21 so we will look at it and add it to the manual.
24 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
27 ** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
28 These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
29 runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
30 found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
31 Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
32 into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
33 Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
36 ** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
37 `--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
41 ** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
44 ** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
45 when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
46 provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
49 ** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
52 ** The `yow' program has been removed.
53 Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
56 ** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
57 scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
58 place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
59 configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
60 to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
61 to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
62 in each user's home directory.
65 ** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
66 You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
70 ** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
72 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
73 Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
74 Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy
75 accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
78 ** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
81 This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
82 together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
83 item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy accessible
84 (Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
87 ** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
88 following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
89 with simplified and traditional characters), French, and Italian.
90 Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language setup
91 doesn't automatically select the right one.
94 ** A Portuguese translation of Emacs' reference card has been added.
95 Its name is `pt-br-refcard.tex'. The corresponding PostScript file is
99 ** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
102 ** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
103 (Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
104 the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
105 setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
108 ** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
111 ** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
114 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
117 ** Support for MacOS X was added.
118 See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
121 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
124 ** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
125 create non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
126 the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
129 ** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
130 types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
133 ** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
134 much pure storage it will approximately need.
136 ** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
137 contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
141 ** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
142 The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
143 terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
146 ** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
149 ** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
150 See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
153 * Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
156 ** New command line option -Q or --quick.
157 This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
158 the fancy startup screen.
161 ** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
162 Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
166 ** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
167 the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
170 ** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
171 It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
172 can start with this line:
174 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
177 ** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
178 Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
179 appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
181 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
183 Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
184 in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
187 ** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
188 --no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
191 ** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
192 Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
195 ** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
196 now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
197 an interactively callable function.
200 ** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
201 all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
202 affects the initial frame.
205 ** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does,
206 wrt its frame position: if you don't specify a position (in your
207 .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry command-line
208 option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows' window
212 ** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
213 When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
214 `--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
215 whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
216 screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
219 ** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
220 arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
221 disables the splash screen; see also the variable
222 `inhibit-startup-message' (which is also aliased as
223 `inhibit-splash-screen').
226 ** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon, so the command-line options
227 --icon-type, -i has been replaced with options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn
231 ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
232 When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
233 displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
237 If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
238 ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. You can also put the shell
239 init file .emacs_SHELL under ~/.emacs.d.
242 ** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
243 automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
244 modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
245 can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
246 according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
249 ** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value
250 to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to
251 concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine.
254 * Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
257 ** M-g is now a prefix key.
258 M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
259 M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
260 M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
263 ** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
264 and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
266 When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
267 point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
270 ** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
271 since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
272 the operating system or your X server.
275 ** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
278 ** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
279 (beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
283 ** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
284 in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
287 ** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
288 previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
289 C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
290 to set the mark immediately after a jump.
293 ** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
294 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
297 ** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
299 See below under "incremental search changes".
302 ** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer
305 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
306 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
307 directory with Dired.
309 You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
310 the actual file name into the minibuffer.
313 ** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
314 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
315 it remains unchanged.
318 ** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
319 This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
320 need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
321 keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
322 "New keymaps for typing file names".
325 ** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
326 M-o M-o requests refontification.
329 ** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
331 See below for more details.
334 ** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
335 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
336 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
337 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
338 doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
339 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
341 ** Adaptive filling misfeature removed.
342 It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix.
345 * Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
348 ** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
349 cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
350 crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
351 killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
352 not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
356 ** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
357 On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
360 ** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
361 (previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
362 C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
363 cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
366 ** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
369 ** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
370 converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
373 ** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
374 but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
375 analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
378 ** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
379 `insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
382 ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
383 By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
386 ** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
387 be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
388 `yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
389 of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
392 ** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
393 been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
394 in Indented-Text mode.
397 ** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
399 Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
400 now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
401 in the value, use `$$'.
404 ** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
405 understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
409 ** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
412 ** Mark command changes:
415 *** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
416 previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the
417 mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump.
420 *** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
422 If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
423 (mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
424 extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
425 M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
426 mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
427 region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
428 the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
429 in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
430 or set the new mark with C-SPC.
433 *** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
435 With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
436 if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
440 *** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
441 mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
442 region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
443 want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
444 ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
447 One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
448 and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
449 This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
452 After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
453 deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
454 that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
458 *** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
459 `beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
460 is already active in Transient Mark mode.
462 ** Help command changes:
465 *** Changes in C-h bindings:
467 C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
469 C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
471 C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
473 C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
476 C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
477 C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
479 The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
480 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
482 C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
483 - C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
484 run by the key sequence.
485 - C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
486 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
489 For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
490 to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
491 - C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
492 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
493 - C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
494 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
495 - C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
496 new-kill-line is on C-k
499 *** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
500 arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
501 default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
502 `help-default-arg-highlight'.
505 *** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
506 variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
509 *** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
510 preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
511 hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
512 preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
513 hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
514 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
515 anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
516 addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
517 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
520 *** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
521 description various information about a character, including its
522 encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
523 widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
524 clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
527 *** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
528 C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
531 *** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
532 in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
533 same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
534 `help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
535 keyboard oriented alternative.
538 *** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows to
539 automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
540 point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
541 determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
542 to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
545 *** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
546 When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
547 be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
551 *** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
552 to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
553 number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
554 regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
555 match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
558 ** Incremental Search changes:
561 *** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
562 To enable this feature, customize the new user option
563 `isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
564 constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
568 *** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
569 making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
570 command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
571 bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
574 *** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
575 at the end of a line.
578 *** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
579 Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
580 and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
583 *** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
584 `query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
585 search string used as the string to replace.
588 *** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
589 history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
590 user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
592 ** Replace command changes:
595 *** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
596 `query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
597 a match if part of it has a read-only property.
600 *** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
601 `replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
602 where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
603 time. In many cases, this will be more convenient than using
604 `query-replace-regexp-eval'. `\#' in a replacement string now refers
605 to the count of replacements already made by the replacement command.
606 All regular expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the
607 replacement string to specify a position where the replacement string
608 can be edited for each replacement.
611 *** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
612 `query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
615 *** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
616 `query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
618 ** Local variables lists:
621 *** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
622 suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
625 *** Text properties in local variables.
627 A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
628 properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
631 *** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
632 are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
633 the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
634 was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
635 definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
637 At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
638 variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
639 option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
640 Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
641 `safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
642 However, risky variables will not be added to
643 `safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
646 *** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
647 lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
648 behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
649 :all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
650 nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
653 *** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
654 are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
655 specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
656 such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
660 *** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
661 that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
662 appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
663 is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
664 ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
665 with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
667 If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
668 confirmation as before.
670 ** File operation changes:
673 *** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
674 the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
675 Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
676 is only rarely needed.
679 *** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
680 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
683 *** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
684 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
687 *** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
690 *** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
692 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
693 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
694 directory with Dired.
697 *** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
698 read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
699 want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
703 *** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
704 against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
707 *** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
708 add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
709 convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
710 the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
711 commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
712 /tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
715 *** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
716 before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
717 supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
720 *** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
721 controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
722 attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
725 *** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
726 in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
727 the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
728 in data loss, use with care.
731 *** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
732 Emacs asks for confirmation.
735 *** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
737 `visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
738 when visiting the file.
740 `visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
741 needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
742 when saving the file.
745 *** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
746 major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
747 designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
748 sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
749 So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
752 ** Minibuffer changes:
755 *** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
756 entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
759 *** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
760 Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
761 variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
765 *** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
767 Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
768 have in common and where they begin to differ.
770 The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
771 `completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
772 same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
773 `completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
774 `completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
775 `completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
776 parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
777 parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
779 Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
780 triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
781 listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
782 the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
786 *** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
787 If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
788 slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
789 completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
790 which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
791 candidate is a directory.
794 *** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
795 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
796 it remains unchanged.
799 *** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
800 If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
801 elements are deleted from the history list.
803 ** Redisplay changes:
806 *** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
808 To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
809 the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
810 redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
811 the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
814 *** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
815 When the file is maintained under version control, that information
816 appears between the position information and the major mode.
819 *** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
822 *** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
823 face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
824 specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
827 *** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
828 The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
829 the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
830 will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
832 The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
833 hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
834 window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
835 window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
836 many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
837 gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
839 The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
840 `auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
843 *** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
844 the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
847 *** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between
850 *** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative
851 position of the underline. When set, it overrides the
852 `x-use-underline-position-properties' variables.
855 *** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
856 of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
857 the mode line of the currently selected window.
859 The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
860 the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
863 *** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
864 for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
865 top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
866 control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
870 *** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
871 addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
872 the window can be scrolled.
874 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
875 `indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
876 this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
878 If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
879 displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
881 The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
882 position of each bitmap individually.
884 For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
885 in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
886 arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
887 left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
890 *** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
891 (not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
892 two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
893 Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
894 cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
896 The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
897 revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
900 *** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
901 displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
902 outside those margins.
905 *** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
906 in addition to the individual display margin settings.
908 Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
909 horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
910 or when the frame is resized.
913 *** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format.
914 Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing
915 systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could
916 even cause Emacs to crash.
918 ** Cursor display changes:
921 *** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
922 now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
925 *** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
928 *** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
929 The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
930 default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
934 *** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
935 of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
939 *** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
940 of the recognized cursor types.
943 *** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
944 uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
949 *** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
950 elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
953 *** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
954 parts of the mode line.
957 *** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
958 the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
959 This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
960 black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
961 allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
962 so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
965 *** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
970 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow
972 The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border
973 overlap. It depens on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'.
976 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale.
977 Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow.
978 Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow.
980 ** Font-Lock changes:
983 *** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
984 M-o M-o requests refontification.
987 *** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
988 fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
989 modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
991 The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
992 fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
996 *** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs
997 features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of
998 any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in
999 bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it
1000 can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that
1001 the open-paren is not in column 0.
1004 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
1007 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
1010 *** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
1011 You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
1012 the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
1013 cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
1016 *** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
1017 The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now 16
1018 instead of 3, and the default value of jit-lock-stealth-nice is now
1019 0.5 instead of 0.125. The new defaults should lower the CPU usage
1020 when Emacs is fontifying in the background.
1023 *** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
1025 If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
1026 idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
1027 example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
1028 only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
1031 *** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
1033 jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
1034 jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
1035 refontification takes place.
1040 *** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
1041 This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
1042 as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
1043 You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
1044 it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
1045 current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
1048 *** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
1051 *** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
1054 *** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
1055 and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
1056 to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
1059 *** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/Lesstif can be
1060 disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
1063 *** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
1064 be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
1067 *** The menu bar for Motif/Lesstif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
1068 Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1069 the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1072 *** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1073 to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1074 `-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1077 *** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and Lesstif/Motif now pops down when pressing
1078 ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1081 *** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1082 by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1088 *** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1089 value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1090 one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1091 can be selected only when it is active.
1094 *** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1095 select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1096 normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1097 the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1098 window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1102 *** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1104 Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1105 click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1106 click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1107 inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1108 to match this context-sentitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1109 behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1111 Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1112 more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1113 activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1114 (see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1115 packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1116 this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1117 is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1118 happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1119 on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1121 If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1122 just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1123 click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1126 Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1127 drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1129 You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1130 `mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1133 *** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1134 is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1135 can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1136 mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1137 also disable mouse highlighting.
1140 *** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1141 shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1142 variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1145 *** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1146 (rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1149 *** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1151 People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1152 unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1153 ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1154 mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1157 *** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1159 ** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1161 *** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1162 construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1163 -*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1164 various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1165 specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1166 shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1167 character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1168 construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1169 following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1170 without any character translation:
1171 ;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1174 *** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1175 more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1176 name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1177 This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1178 default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1181 *** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1182 current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1183 can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1184 characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1185 emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1186 keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1187 or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1188 by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'.
1191 *** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1192 revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1195 *** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1199 *** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1203 *** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1207 *** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1208 coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1209 (Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1213 *** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1214 in the current input method to input a character at point.
1217 *** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1218 Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1219 the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1220 Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1221 sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1222 translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1223 mule-unicode-... ones.
1225 By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1226 Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1227 with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1230 You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1231 unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1232 into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1233 mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1234 will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1237 *** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1238 either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1239 when possible. The latter are more space-efficient. This is
1240 controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1243 *** New language environments: French, Ukrainian, Tajik,
1244 Bulgarian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, UTF-8, Windows-1255, Welsh, Latin-6,
1245 Latin-7, Lithuanian, Latvian, Swedish, Slovenian, Croatian, Georgian,
1246 Italian, Russian, Malayalam, Tamil, Russian, Chinese-EUC-TW. (Set up
1247 automatically according to the locale.)
1250 *** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1251 ukrainian-computer, belarusian, bulgarian-bds, russian-computer,
1252 vietnamese-telex, lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard,
1253 latvian-keyboard, welsh, georgian, rfc1345, ucs, sgml,
1254 bulgarian-phonetic, dutch, slovenian, croatian, malayalam-inscript,
1258 *** New input method chinese-sisheng for inputting Chinese Pinyin
1262 *** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1263 automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1264 environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1265 versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1269 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1270 M-t (transpose-words)
1271 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1274 *** Indian support has been updated.
1275 The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1276 assumed. There is a framework for supporting various
1277 Indian scripts, but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are
1281 *** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1284 *** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1285 By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1286 single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1287 turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1288 sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1289 system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1290 interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1291 You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1292 `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1293 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1294 one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1295 The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1298 *** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1299 in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1300 Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1303 *** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1304 These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1305 on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1306 only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1307 `code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1310 *** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1311 Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1314 *** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1315 characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1316 fontset appropriately.
1318 ** Customize changes:
1321 *** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1322 custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1323 load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1324 enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1327 *** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1328 now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1329 specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1333 *** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1334 In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1335 check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1336 for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1337 sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1338 its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1339 case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1342 *** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1343 the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1344 You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1345 under the "[State]" button.
1347 ** Buffer Menu changes:
1350 *** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1351 buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1355 *** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1356 with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1357 whose names begin with space are omitted.
1360 *** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1361 `buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1362 in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1364 `buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1365 leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1366 If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1367 shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1368 and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1370 `buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1371 the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1372 t, and the status is shown.
1374 Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1375 the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1380 *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1381 dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1382 introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1385 *** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1386 with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1389 *** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1390 of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1393 *** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1394 This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1397 *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1398 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1399 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1400 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1401 double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1402 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1405 *** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1406 into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1409 *** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1411 The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1412 dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1413 dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1417 *** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1418 have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1419 directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1420 directory listing into a buffer.
1425 *** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1426 option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1427 except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1428 controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1429 overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1431 The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1432 support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1434 `comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1435 read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1436 lines, including any prompts.
1438 `comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1439 read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1440 part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1441 and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1442 not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1443 `kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1444 to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1447 *** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1448 modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1449 like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1450 otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1453 *** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1454 `comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1455 but declared obsolete.
1458 *** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in
1459 subshells running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment
1460 variable, which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs
1461 that need to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check
1462 INSIDE_EMACS instead of EMACS.
1464 ** M-x Compile changes:
1467 *** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1469 Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1470 recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1471 red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1472 (controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1474 Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1475 This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1476 This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1478 The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1479 you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1480 leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1481 `compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1482 that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1484 The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1487 *** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1488 This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1489 compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1490 subprocesses inherit.
1493 *** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1494 If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1497 *** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1498 specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1499 in new face `next-error'.
1502 *** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1503 compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1504 modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1505 buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1506 matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1510 *** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1511 the compilation buffer.
1514 *** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1515 context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1516 it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1517 no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1521 *** The EMACS environment variable now defaults to Emacs's absolute
1522 file name, instead of to "t".
1524 ** Occur mode changes:
1527 *** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1528 C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1532 *** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1533 the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1536 *** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1537 search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1538 `multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1539 buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1540 Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1546 *** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1548 There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1549 customization group.
1552 *** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1553 people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1556 *** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1557 more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1558 separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1559 and the base directory for the search (rgrep only). Case sensitivitivy
1560 of the search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1562 These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1563 `grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1565 The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1567 Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1568 typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1569 are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1572 *** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1574 Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1575 can be saved and automatically revisited.
1578 *** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1579 the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1582 *** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1583 buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1584 --color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1585 match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1586 buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1587 source line is highlighted.
1590 *** New key bindings in grep output window:
1591 SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1592 previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1593 the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1594 other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1595 previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1599 *** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1600 by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1601 detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1602 When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1603 unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1604 command lines to be used than was possible before.
1606 ** X Windows Support:
1609 *** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1610 opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1611 buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1614 *** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1615 The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1616 and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1617 use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1619 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1620 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1623 *** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1624 speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1626 If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1627 XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1630 *** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1631 requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1632 Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1633 and use the more appropriately result.
1636 *** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1637 On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1638 amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1643 *** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1644 on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1647 *** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1648 When emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available. The
1649 following should work:
1650 {C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1651 These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8, they might not work on
1652 some older versions of xterm, or on some proprietary versions.
1654 ** Character terminal color support changes:
1657 *** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1658 mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1659 terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1660 database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1661 set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1662 terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1663 when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1664 in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1665 user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1668 *** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1669 than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1670 256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1671 the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1672 all of these colors.
1675 *** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1676 faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1677 256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
1678 88-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1682 *** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1684 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1686 ** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1688 ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1690 To see what modules are available, type
1691 M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1693 To start an IRC session, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts for
1694 server, port, and nick.
1697 ** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1699 Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1700 simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1701 takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1702 several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1703 (one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1706 To start an IRC session, type M-x irc, and follow the prompts for
1707 server, port, nick and initial channels.
1710 ** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1712 Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1713 sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1714 corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1718 ** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1719 To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1722 ** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1723 various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1724 program files that include other program files.
1726 Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1727 all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1731 ** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1733 Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1734 Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1735 can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1736 Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1737 manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1741 ** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1742 customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1745 ** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1747 The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1748 package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1749 to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1750 a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1753 ** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1754 between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1757 ** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1759 The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1760 cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1761 With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1762 keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1763 region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1764 cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1766 In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1767 rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1768 using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1769 or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1771 Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1772 fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1773 downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1774 rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1775 as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1776 M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1777 rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1779 Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1780 prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1781 C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1783 The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1784 register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1786 Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1787 When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1788 automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1789 commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1791 The features of cua also works with the standard emacs bindings for
1792 kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1793 want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1794 `cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1796 Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1797 versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1798 must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1799 loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1802 ** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1804 Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1805 doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1806 It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1809 The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1810 activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
1812 The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1813 type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1814 available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1817 ** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files.
1818 It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete.
1821 ** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1822 filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1823 that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1824 emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1825 invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1826 be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1829 ** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1830 source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1833 ** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1834 the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1835 keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1836 +, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1837 package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1839 By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1840 `keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1841 using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1842 the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1843 possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1844 the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1846 The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1847 `Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1848 `Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1849 decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1850 `Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1851 for emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1852 where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1853 `Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1854 are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1858 ** The new kmacro package provides a simpler user interface to
1859 emacs' keyboard macro facilities.
1861 Basically, it uses two function keys (default F3 and F4) like this:
1862 F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1863 the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1864 which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1866 There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1869 The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1870 defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1871 C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1872 manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1873 C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1876 The normal macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e now interfaces to
1877 the keyboard macro ring.
1879 The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1880 before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1882 In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1883 be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1884 this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1885 kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1887 Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1888 C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1889 at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1892 ** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1893 When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1894 restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1897 ** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1898 buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1901 ** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1902 files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1903 mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
1904 which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
1905 copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
1906 mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
1907 referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
1908 similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
1909 feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
1912 ** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1914 If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
1915 the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
1916 with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
1917 ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
1918 printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
1919 `ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
1922 ** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
1923 move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
1924 It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
1925 of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
1927 There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
1930 ** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
1931 "active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
1932 change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
1936 ** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
1937 spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
1938 letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
1939 viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
1942 ** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
1943 shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
1946 ** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
1947 `text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
1948 these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
1949 table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
1950 can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
1951 as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
1953 ** The tumme.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in other ways
1954 manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as the main interface.
1955 Tumme provides functionality to generate simple image galleries.
1958 ** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
1960 This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
1961 files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
1962 Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
1963 for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
1964 the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
1965 `inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
1966 connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
1967 (which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
1968 `rsync' to do the copying).
1970 Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
1971 `su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
1973 If you want to disable Tramp you should set
1975 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
1977 Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
1981 ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
1984 ** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
1985 configuration files.
1988 ** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
1989 varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
1990 var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
1991 section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
1992 .config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
1996 ** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
1999 ** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
2002 ** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
2003 This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
2005 ** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
2006 for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
2007 paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
2008 instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
2009 boundaries during scrolling.
2012 ** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
2013 events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
2014 for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
2016 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
2021 *** Bindings for Tumme added
2022 Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
2023 added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Tumme. As a starting
2024 point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d to display
2025 thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
2027 ** Changes in Hi Lock
2030 *** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
2031 `global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
2032 hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
2033 warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
2034 if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
2035 using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
2036 buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
2037 behavior in older versions of Emacs).
2040 ** Changes in Allout
2042 *** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled.
2043 Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the
2044 asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/"
2045 or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are
2046 interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes.
2048 *** Many or most commonly occuring "accidental" topics are disqualified.
2049 Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken
2050 for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with
2051 offspring) is only one level deeper.
2053 For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a
2054 topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the
2055 pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure.
2057 The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics.
2059 This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully
2060 reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the
2061 outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most
2062 prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified.
2064 *** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a
2065 topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the
2066 other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment
2067 discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either
2068 leaving them hidden or raising an error.
2070 *** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
2071 decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
2072 clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
2073 and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
2074 symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
2075 pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
2076 powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the
2077 allout-encryption customization group.
2079 *** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and
2080 end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the
2081 beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new
2082 customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and
2083 `allout-end-of-line-cycles'.
2085 *** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of
2086 cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode,
2089 See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook',
2090 `allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'.
2092 `allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing
2093 `allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still
2094 invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored.
2095 `allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing
2096 the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier
2097 to use than the old version.
2099 There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for
2100 coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode
2101 activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode'
2102 variable is changed, rather than before.
2104 *** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to
2105 avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
2106 `allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
2108 *** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text,
2109 instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular
2110 avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary
2111 handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
2113 *** There are many other fixes and refinements, including:
2115 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without
2116 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text.
2117 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
2118 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
2119 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
2120 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
2121 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption.
2122 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function,
2123 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of
2124 the functionality in allout addons.
2125 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
2126 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
2127 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
2128 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
2129 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
2130 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and
2131 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'.
2132 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
2133 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
2134 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
2135 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements.
2136 - version number incremented to 2.2
2138 ** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' was renamed
2139 to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
2140 variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
2141 automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
2142 at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
2145 ** Changes to cmuscheme
2147 *** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2148 evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2150 *** If a file `.emacs_NAME' (where NAME is the name of the Scheme interpreter)
2151 exists in the user's home directory or in ~/.emacs.d, its
2152 contents are sent to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2154 *** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2155 procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2156 (`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2157 subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2158 `scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2161 ** Changes in Makefile mode
2163 *** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2165 The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2166 are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2169 *** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2170 to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2174 ** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
2175 of the file that precede the first header line.
2178 ** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
2181 ** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
2182 run most curses applications now.
2185 ** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
2188 ** Diff mode key bindings changed.
2190 These are the new bindings:
2192 C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
2193 C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
2194 C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
2195 C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
2196 C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
2198 To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
2199 In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
2200 in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
2203 ** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
2204 filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
2205 functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
2207 Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
2208 `fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
2209 `fill-nobreak-predicate'.
2212 ** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
2213 with special modes such as Tar mode.
2216 ** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
2217 bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
2218 incompatible change.
2221 ** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
2224 ** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
2225 resync points in both windows.
2228 ** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
2230 When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
2231 starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
2234 ** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
2235 when Emacs visits them.
2237 ** Info mode changes:
2240 *** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
2241 with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
2244 *** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
2246 Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
2247 message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
2248 other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
2249 around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
2250 `Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
2251 or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
2255 *** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
2256 `Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
2257 search without prompting for a new search string.
2260 *** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
2261 moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
2262 `Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
2265 *** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
2268 *** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
2269 from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
2272 *** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
2273 Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
2277 *** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
2278 the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
2279 arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
2282 *** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
2283 and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
2286 *** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
2287 references and following them calls `browse-url'.
2290 *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
2292 If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
2293 `Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
2296 *** Images in Info pages are supported.
2298 Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
2299 Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
2300 version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
2303 *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
2306 *** `Info-index' offers completion.
2308 ** Lisp mode changes:
2311 *** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2314 *** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2316 *** New features in evaluation commands
2319 **** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2320 the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2323 **** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2324 in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2325 by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2326 function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2327 `eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2332 *** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2333 The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2334 and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2336 *** Changes in Key Sequences
2337 **** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2339 **** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2340 This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2342 **** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2343 c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2345 **** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2346 have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2347 C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2348 commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2349 key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2351 **** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2353 **** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2355 *** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2359 **** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2360 The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2361 mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2362 users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2363 disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2366 **** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2367 letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2368 also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2372 **** `comment-close-slash'.
2373 With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2374 typing a slash at the start of a line.
2376 **** `c-one-liner-defun'
2377 This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2378 pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2380 *** Font lock support.
2381 CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2382 supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2383 package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2384 locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2385 AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2386 different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2388 The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2389 dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2390 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2391 declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2392 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2393 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2394 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2395 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2396 variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2398 Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2399 fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2400 the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2401 with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2404 **** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2405 are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2406 be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2407 locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2408 properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2409 not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2411 **** Support for documentation comments.
2412 There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2413 Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2414 language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2415 buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2417 Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2418 Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2419 last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2420 complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2421 of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2423 **** Better handling of C++ templates.
2424 As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2425 now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2426 given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2429 This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2430 work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2431 template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2432 recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2433 not as configurable as it ought to be.
2435 **** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2436 Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2437 The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2438 All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2439 handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2441 *** Support for the AWK language.
2442 Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2443 based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2444 any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2447 **** Indentation Engine
2448 The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2450 AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2451 which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2452 placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2453 are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2454 definition, or structured statement.
2456 The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2457 mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2458 be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2461 There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2462 three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2463 idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2464 the AWK language itself.
2466 **** Comment and Movement Commands
2467 These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2468 been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2469 "defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2470 extended definition.
2472 **** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2473 A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2474 style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2475 c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2477 *** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2478 The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2479 now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2480 module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2481 composition-close, and incomposition.
2483 *** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2484 The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2485 provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2486 bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2487 of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2489 *** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2491 The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2492 implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2493 list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2494 includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2496 Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2497 based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2499 *** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2501 The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2502 and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2503 attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2504 cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2506 ((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2510 ((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2512 In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2515 This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2516 directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2517 `c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2518 functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2521 *** API changes for derived modes.
2523 There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2524 derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2525 incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2526 care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2527 Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2529 **** New language variable system.
2530 These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2531 languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2533 **** New initialization functions.
2534 The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2535 give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2536 `c-init-language-vars'.
2538 *** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2539 The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2540 several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2541 now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2543 This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2544 although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2545 gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2546 where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2547 it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2549 **** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2550 This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2551 its substatement. E.g:
2557 *** Better handling of multiline macros.
2559 **** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2560 The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2561 syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2562 variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2563 `cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2566 **** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2568 Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2569 of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2570 is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2571 removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2572 much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2573 empty lines within the macro better.
2575 **** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2576 This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2577 `c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2579 **** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2580 `c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2581 variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2582 backslashes can be moved.
2584 **** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2585 This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2586 affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2587 inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2589 **** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2590 Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2591 inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2592 line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2593 indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2594 backslash) in the macro.
2596 *** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2597 The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2598 the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2599 based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2600 #else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2601 cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2603 *** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2604 It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2606 *** New lineup functions
2608 **** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2609 This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2612 result = prefix + "A message "
2613 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2615 **** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2616 Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2618 **** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2619 Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2620 the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2622 **** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2623 Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2625 **** `c-lineup-argcont'
2626 Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2628 *** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2629 CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2630 of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2631 places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2632 improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2633 moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2635 The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2636 opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2637 only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2638 file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2641 *** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2642 Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2643 "invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2644 happen when macros are involved.
2646 *** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2647 It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2648 whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2649 point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2650 Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2651 line is left untouched.
2653 *** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2654 The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2655 syntactic indentation.
2657 ** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2658 preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2661 ** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2664 ** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2665 to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2666 bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2667 C-c C-i b, and so on.
2669 ** Fortran mode changes:
2672 *** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2673 highlighting for the old default.
2676 *** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2677 Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2678 Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2681 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2682 `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2683 `f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2684 `fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2687 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2688 It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2692 *** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2693 the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2696 ** Reftex mode changes
2699 *** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2701 The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2702 section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2703 support for multifile documents.
2705 The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2706 section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2707 Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2708 `reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2709 buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2710 frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2711 highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2714 The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2715 See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2717 Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2720 The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2724 *** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2726 Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2727 called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2728 `reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2730 The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2731 with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2732 "E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2733 citation selection buffer.
2735 The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2736 cursor as a default search string.
2738 The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2739 now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2741 The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2742 can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2744 Support for jurabib has been added.
2747 *** Global index matched may be verified with a user function
2749 During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2750 See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2753 *** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2755 Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2756 considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2757 from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2758 `reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2759 this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2760 quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2763 *** Miscellaneous changes
2765 The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2766 configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2768 RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2771 ** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2772 to support use of font-lock.
2774 ** HTML/SGML changes:
2777 *** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2781 *** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2782 The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2783 When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2784 i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2785 By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2786 from the file name or buffer contents.
2788 *** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2789 `sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2793 *** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2798 *** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2801 *** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2802 by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2803 command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2804 TeX commands to use at startup.
2807 *** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2808 and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2811 *** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2815 *** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2816 point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2818 *** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2819 an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2822 *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2824 *** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2825 `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2826 for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2827 scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2828 automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2829 `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2831 *** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2832 use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2834 *** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2835 automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2837 *** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2838 types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2840 *** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2841 point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2843 *** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2844 locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2845 Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2847 *** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2848 individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2850 *** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2851 of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2853 *** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2854 in multiple BibTeX files.
2856 *** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2857 of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2859 *** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2860 bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2861 extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2863 *** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2864 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2865 `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2866 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2867 still available as aliases.
2869 ** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
2870 renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
2874 ** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
2875 by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
2881 *** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2882 counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2885 *** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2886 and other common debugger commands.
2889 *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2890 GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2891 there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2892 state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2893 that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2894 Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2897 To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
2900 *** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
2901 toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
2905 *** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
2906 display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
2910 ** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
2912 *** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
2913 Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
2914 There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
2915 directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
2916 `gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
2918 *** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
2919 set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
2920 traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
2923 *** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
2926 *** The previous method of searching for source files has been
2927 preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
2928 Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
2930 *** Added Customization Variables
2932 **** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
2934 **** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
2935 method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
2936 java sources (previous method).
2938 **** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
2939 classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
2942 *** Minor Improvements
2944 **** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
2945 instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
2946 compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
2947 `starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
2950 **** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
2952 ** Auto-Revert changes:
2955 *** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
2957 If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
2958 mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
2959 displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at
2960 the end of the buffer in that window. This allows to tail a file:
2961 just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This
2962 rule applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can
2965 If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
2966 then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
2967 mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
2971 *** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
2972 other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
2973 revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
2974 and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
2975 mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
2976 `revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
2977 decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
2978 that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
2979 work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
2982 *** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
2983 Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
2984 control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
2985 which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
2986 only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
2991 The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
2992 enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
2995 The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
2996 keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
2997 the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
2999 The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
3000 and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
3001 keep in the recent list.
3003 With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
3004 specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
3005 example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
3006 same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
3007 links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
3009 To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
3010 replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
3011 old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
3017 *** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
3020 *** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
3022 Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
3025 *** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
3029 *** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
3030 immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
3035 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
3036 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
3037 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
3039 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
3040 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
3043 *** New customizable variables:
3044 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
3046 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
3047 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
3048 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
3049 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
3050 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
3052 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
3053 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
3054 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
3055 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
3058 *** New command line option --no-desktop
3062 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
3063 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
3066 ** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
3068 When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
3069 include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
3070 Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
3071 to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
3072 and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
3078 *** When comparing directories.
3079 Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
3080 directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
3081 from one directory to another.
3084 *** When comparing files or buffers.
3085 Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
3086 currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
3087 then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
3091 *** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
3092 backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
3093 `ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
3098 *** New regular expressions features
3100 **** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
3102 The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
3103 only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
3104 --regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
3105 where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
3106 more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
3107 (single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
3108 expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
3109 (which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
3110 span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
3111 and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
3113 **** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
3115 The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
3116 respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
3119 **** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
3121 The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
3122 only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
3123 particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
3125 **** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
3127 The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
3128 per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
3130 *** New language parsing features
3132 **** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
3134 Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
3136 **** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
3138 **** New language HTML.
3140 Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
3141 when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
3143 **** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
3145 If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3146 size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3148 **** New language Lua.
3150 All functions are tagged.
3152 **** In Perl, packages are tags.
3154 Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3155 as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3158 **** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3160 **** New language PHP.
3162 Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3163 specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3165 **** New default keywords for TeX.
3167 The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3170 **** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
3172 *** Honor #line directives.
3174 When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3175 directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3176 specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3177 created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3178 writes tags pointing to the source file.
3180 *** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3182 This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3183 be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3184 reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3190 *** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
3191 (toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
3193 We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
3194 were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
3195 behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
3198 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
3200 The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
3203 *** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
3204 are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
3206 These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
3207 are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
3208 specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
3211 *** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
3214 *** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
3216 In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
3217 enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
3218 to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
3220 P: annotates the previous revision
3221 N: annotates the next revision
3222 J: annotates the revision at line
3223 A: annotates the revision previous to line
3224 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
3225 L: shows the log of the revision at line
3226 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
3231 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
3232 between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
3236 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
3237 anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
3238 `checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
3242 ** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3243 `default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3244 auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3247 ** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3249 See the documentation of the user option
3250 `display-time-mail-directory'.
3255 *** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3257 *** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3258 by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3259 Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3262 *** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3264 This version of `movemail' allows to read mail from a wide range of
3265 mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3266 without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3267 and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3268 used instead of the native one.
3273 *** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3275 Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3279 *** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3281 See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3286 Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since
3287 version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3289 ** Calendar changes:
3292 *** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3293 the calendar left or right. (The old key bindings still work too.)
3296 *** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3297 convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3300 *** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and
3304 *** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3305 Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3306 `diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3307 which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3308 how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3309 single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3310 day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3311 face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3312 appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3315 *** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3316 year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3317 count backward from the end of the year.
3320 *** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3321 prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3322 day of that ISO week.
3325 *** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3326 window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3329 *** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3330 optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3331 rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3332 `christian-holidays' simpler.
3335 *** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3336 This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3337 and `diary-header-line-format'.
3340 *** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3341 use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3342 `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3343 `appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3346 *** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3347 and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3348 from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3349 `diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3353 ** Speedbar changes:
3355 *** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3356 the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3358 *** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3361 *** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3362 contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3364 *** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3366 *** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3367 `speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3368 respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3371 *** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3372 how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3373 means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3374 to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3377 *** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3378 to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3379 value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3380 speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3381 that number to `other-frame'.
3383 *** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3384 means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3386 *** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3387 `dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3388 should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3389 `speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3390 `dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3391 `dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3392 `speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3393 `speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3394 obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3399 *** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
3400 SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
3401 buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
3402 session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
3403 SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
3405 The following values are supported:
3407 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
3421 The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
3424 The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
3425 your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
3426 `sql-product' to accomplish this.
3428 ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
3430 *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
3431 font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
3432 all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
3433 you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
3435 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
3436 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
3438 *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
3440 Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
3441 highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
3443 *** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
3445 Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
3446 sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
3447 osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
3448 are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
3451 If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
3452 called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
3453 credentials to authenticate the user.
3455 *** Postgres support is enhanced.
3456 Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
3457 the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
3459 *** MySQL support is enhanced.
3460 Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
3462 *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
3463 packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
3466 *** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
3467 appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
3471 *** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
3476 *** New ffap commands and keybindings:
3478 C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
3479 C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
3480 C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
3481 C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
3484 *** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
3486 C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
3487 argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
3490 ** Changes in Skeleton
3492 *** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
3494 `@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
3495 sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
3496 `skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
3497 updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
3498 with other details of skeleton construction.
3500 *** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
3501 `skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
3502 `skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
3503 `skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
3507 ** Hideshow mode changes
3509 *** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
3510 used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
3511 handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
3512 temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
3514 *** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
3515 not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
3516 block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
3519 ** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3520 to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3521 changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3524 ** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3527 ** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3528 and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3529 you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3530 annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3533 ** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3535 Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3536 `ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3537 fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3540 ** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3541 This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3542 the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3543 using strokes as an input method.
3545 ** Emacs server changes:
3548 *** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
3550 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
3551 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
3552 % emacsclient -s foo file1
3553 % emacsclient -s bar file2
3556 *** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
3557 `--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
3558 expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
3561 *** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
3564 ** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3567 ** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3569 M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3570 argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3571 the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3574 ** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3575 `file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3578 ** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3580 Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3581 use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3585 ** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3587 `mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3588 default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3589 automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3591 ** battery.el changes:
3594 *** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3597 *** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3600 ** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3602 To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3603 separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3604 byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3605 variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3608 ** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3611 ** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3614 ** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead.
3617 ** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3621 *** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
3623 *** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
3624 a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
3625 This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
3626 effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
3627 anything for those nodes.
3629 For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
3632 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
3633 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
3636 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
3637 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
3642 *** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
3643 `locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
3644 database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
3645 you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
3646 `locate-update-when-revert' to t.
3649 * Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3652 ** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3654 If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3655 environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3656 using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3657 the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3658 localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3659 of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3660 where USERNAME is your user name.
3662 This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3663 shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3664 read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3667 ** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3669 You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3670 existing values. For example:
3672 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3674 will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3675 irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3678 ** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3680 This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track
3681 the cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3684 ** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3686 See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3689 ** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3691 PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3692 depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3693 to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3694 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3695 zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3696 against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3699 ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3701 WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3702 as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3703 Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3704 sound support for those formats.
3707 ** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3709 The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3712 ** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3714 The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3715 whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3716 pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3719 ** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3721 The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3722 the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3723 colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3724 default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3725 some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3726 `list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3727 you wish to use them in other faces.
3730 ** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3732 Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3733 multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3734 MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3735 the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3739 ** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3741 Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3742 through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3743 a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3744 w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3745 windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3746 setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3747 that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3748 defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3749 other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3750 w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3753 ** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3756 ** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3757 `kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3758 `kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3760 ** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3761 `mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3763 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3765 ** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons
3766 (FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument
3767 OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in
3768 `file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument.
3771 ** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3772 been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3775 ** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3776 the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3777 `substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3781 ** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3782 :propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3783 `risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3786 The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3788 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3790 Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3791 argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3792 deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3795 ** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3798 ** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3799 there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3801 ** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3802 an input event: usr1-signal or usr2-signal.
3804 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3806 ** General Lisp changes:
3808 *** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3809 The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3810 negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3813 *** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3816 *** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison,
3817 that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'.
3820 *** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3823 *** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3825 If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3826 list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3827 Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3830 *** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3831 associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3834 *** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3836 It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3839 *** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3841 It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3842 occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3846 *** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3848 Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3851 If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3852 the new element from the history list it updates.
3855 *** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3857 (rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3858 CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3861 *** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3863 For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3864 default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3865 separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3869 *** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3871 They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3874 *** Minor change in the function `format'.
3876 Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
3880 *** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
3882 They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
3886 *** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
3888 They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
3889 the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
3892 *** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
3894 When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
3895 numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
3896 relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
3898 When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
3899 also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
3902 *** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
3904 It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
3905 One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
3906 if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
3909 *** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
3911 When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
3912 angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
3913 equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
3916 *** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
3918 You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
3919 formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
3920 specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
3921 names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
3924 *** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
3926 A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
3927 `with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
3928 the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
3930 This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
3931 inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
3934 *** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
3936 This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
3939 *** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
3941 It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
3942 dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
3943 (calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
3946 *** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
3947 evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
3948 it evaluates those expressions immediately.
3950 This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
3952 *** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
3954 If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
3957 *** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
3959 `string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil.
3960 `booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a t or nil.
3963 *** New hook `command-error-function'.
3965 By setting this variable to a function, you can control
3966 how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
3968 ** Lisp code indentation features:
3971 *** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
3973 These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
3974 and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
3976 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
3978 DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
3979 possible declaration specifiers are:
3982 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
3985 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
3986 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
3987 but this is cleaner.)
3990 *** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
3992 See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
3995 *** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
3997 The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
3998 `lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
3999 be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
4003 ** Variable aliases:
4005 *** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
4007 This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
4008 symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
4009 returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
4010 changes the value of BASE-VAR.
4012 DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
4013 the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
4015 *** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
4017 This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
4018 of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
4019 defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
4021 It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
4022 variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
4025 *** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
4026 `make-obsolete-variable'.
4028 ** defcustom changes:
4031 *** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
4032 `customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
4033 Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
4034 variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
4037 *** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
4042 *** The escape sequence \s is now interpreted as a SPACE character.
4044 Exception: In a character constant, if it is followed by a `-' in a
4045 character constant (e.g. ?\s-A), it is still interpreted as the super
4046 modifier. In strings, \s is always interpreted as a space.
4049 *** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
4052 *** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
4055 *** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
4056 the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
4057 SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
4058 nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
4059 empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
4062 *** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
4063 multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
4066 *** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
4070 *** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
4071 `assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
4072 been declared obsolete.
4075 *** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
4076 Use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA,
4077 or "\U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL
4078 ALPHA (the latter is greater than #xFFFF and thus needs the longer
4079 syntax). Also available for characters.
4082 ** Displaying warnings to the user.
4084 See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
4085 If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
4086 facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
4087 warnings in a separate window.
4090 ** Progress reporters.
4092 These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
4093 progress messages for the user.
4095 See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
4096 `progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
4097 `progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
4099 ** Buffer positions:
4102 *** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
4103 width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
4104 the usable window height and width is used.
4107 *** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
4108 modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
4109 taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
4110 large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
4111 `auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
4114 *** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
4119 *** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
4124 *** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
4126 This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
4130 *** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
4132 It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
4135 *** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
4137 This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
4138 give up and return LIMIT.
4141 *** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
4142 and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
4146 *** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get
4147 information about a specific text line in a window provided that the
4148 window's display is up-to-date.
4151 *** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
4152 click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
4153 position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
4155 ** Text modification:
4158 *** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's
4159 tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer
4160 is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the
4161 tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it
4165 *** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
4166 removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
4167 and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
4170 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
4171 `insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
4172 in `insert-buffer-substring'.
4175 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
4176 `insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
4180 *** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
4181 substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
4182 the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
4183 `delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
4184 data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
4186 The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
4187 `buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
4188 `buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
4192 *** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
4196 *** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
4197 is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
4198 be inserted is translated through it.
4203 The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
4204 that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
4208 *** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
4213 *** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
4214 `adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
4215 `adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
4218 ** Atomic change groups.
4220 To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
4221 they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
4222 around the code that makes changes. For instance:
4224 (atomic-change-group
4226 (delete-region x y))
4228 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
4229 `atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
4230 were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
4231 on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
4233 If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
4234 lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
4236 To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
4237 Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
4238 This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
4239 the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
4241 Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
4242 group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
4245 After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
4246 either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
4247 `accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
4248 call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
4250 You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
4251 finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
4252 `unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
4253 (This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
4254 `activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
4255 group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
4258 To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
4259 for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
4260 returned values, like this:
4262 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
4263 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
4265 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
4266 to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
4267 `accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
4269 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
4270 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
4271 will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
4272 change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
4275 ** Buffer-related changes:
4278 *** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
4280 If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
4283 *** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
4286 *** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
4287 binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
4288 have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
4289 value of VARIABLE instead.
4291 *** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
4292 various status records in parallel.
4294 It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4295 then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4296 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4297 order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4298 time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4299 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4302 On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4303 value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4304 vector into the variable and returns t.
4306 If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4307 for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4311 *** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4312 the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4313 prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4314 in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4316 ** Searching and matching changes:
4319 *** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4320 the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4321 back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4324 *** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4325 for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4326 regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4327 expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4329 Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4330 `*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4333 *** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4335 These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4336 non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4337 specified by the syntax table.
4340 *** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-end' and `symbol-start' elements.
4343 *** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4344 character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4345 characters and ranges.
4348 *** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4349 properties from surrounding text.
4352 *** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4353 element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4354 accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4357 *** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4358 argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4359 passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4362 *** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4363 variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4364 that end a sentence without following spaces.
4366 The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4367 variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4368 this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4369 `sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4370 `sentence-end-without-space'.
4375 *** `buffer-undo-list' can allows programmable elements.
4377 These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4378 a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4379 that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4381 These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4382 which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4383 range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4386 *** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4387 `undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4388 it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4391 ** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4392 previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4394 The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4395 elements with the following format:
4396 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4398 The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4399 the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4400 element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4401 the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4403 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4404 to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4405 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4406 passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4407 `yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4409 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4410 `yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4411 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4412 if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4413 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4414 by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4415 called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4416 FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4418 *** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4419 optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4422 *** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4423 `yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4424 `yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4425 `insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4426 element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4428 *** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4429 `yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4430 string. The old behavior is available if you call
4431 `insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4433 ** Syntax table changes:
4436 *** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4439 *** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4440 of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4441 of text properties as well as the character code.
4444 *** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4448 *** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4449 current syntactic context at point.
4451 ** File operation changes:
4454 *** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4455 searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4458 *** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4459 modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4463 *** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4464 non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4465 its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4466 The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4469 *** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4470 formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4473 *** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4474 ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4475 `.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4478 *** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4479 a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4482 *** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4483 specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4484 many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4485 `file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4488 *** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4489 before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4490 tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4491 sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4494 *** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4495 `save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4499 *** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4500 `locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4501 lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4502 try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4503 of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4504 of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4505 further filter candidate files.
4507 One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4508 `exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4509 executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4512 *** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4514 Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4515 `find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4516 that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4517 handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4518 of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4521 *** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4523 You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4524 symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4525 the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4528 This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4529 autoloaded when not really necessary.
4532 *** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4533 name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4538 *** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive'
4539 have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a
4540 maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after
4541 this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil.
4544 *** An interactive specification can now use the code letter 'U' to get
4545 the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4546 previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4549 *** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4550 much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4551 it returns just the directory name.
4554 *** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4555 display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4556 using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4559 *** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4560 arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4561 quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4562 finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4563 BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4565 ** Minibuffer changes:
4568 *** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4569 buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4570 defaults to the current buffer.
4573 *** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4574 was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4577 *** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4578 specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4579 new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4580 while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4581 variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4584 *** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4585 to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4588 *** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4589 whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4590 `read-file-name' function.
4593 *** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4595 It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4596 for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4599 *** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4600 elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4601 add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4602 afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4604 ** Completion changes:
4607 *** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4608 of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4612 *** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4613 of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4614 and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4615 exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4616 strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4619 *** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4620 as a dynamic completion table.
4622 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4624 FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4625 and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4626 completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4627 can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4628 minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4629 entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4632 *** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4633 as a lazy completion table.
4635 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4637 If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4638 as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4639 arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4640 If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4641 from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4642 `lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4645 ** Enhancements to keymaps.
4647 *** New keymaps for typing file names
4649 Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4650 `minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4651 Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4652 the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4653 names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4656 *** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4658 You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4659 same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4662 (kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4664 Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4666 *** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4668 This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4669 to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4670 binding and lookup functionality.
4672 When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4673 remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4677 Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4678 `my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4679 bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4680 `kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4683 Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4684 command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4685 `my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4687 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4688 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4690 When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4691 when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4693 Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4694 means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4695 runs `my-kill-line'.
4697 The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4699 - Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4700 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4701 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4702 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4704 - The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4705 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4707 - `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4708 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4710 - `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4711 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4712 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4713 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4714 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4715 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4717 - The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4718 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4719 command was not remapped.
4721 *** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4722 over minor mode keymaps.
4724 *** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4725 text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4726 works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4728 *** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The
4729 keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key
4730 sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click
4731 position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also
4732 possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly.
4734 *** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4736 Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4737 bindings of the parent keymap.
4739 *** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4741 *** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4744 *** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4745 defined keys and their definitions.
4747 *** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4749 *** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4752 *** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4754 Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4755 keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4756 keymap alist to this list.
4758 *** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style
4759 key-sequences, such as [(control a)].
4764 *** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4766 It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4769 *** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4771 If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4772 that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4773 abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4777 ** Enhancements to process support
4779 *** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4780 it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4782 *** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4784 These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4785 function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4788 *** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4789 name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4791 *** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4792 maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4794 Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4795 and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4796 `process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4797 entire property list of a process.
4799 *** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4800 JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4801 is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4802 integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4803 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4806 *** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4808 On some systems, when emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4809 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4810 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4811 by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4812 non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4813 from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4814 emacs tries to read it.
4816 *** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4818 This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4820 *** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4821 obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4822 `default-directory'.
4824 *** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4825 if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4827 That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4828 `default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4829 you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4831 *** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4832 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4834 *** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4835 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4837 *** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4838 buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4839 to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4840 Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4841 which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4844 ** Enhanced networking support.
4846 *** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4847 It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4848 create a stream or datagram server inside emacs.
4850 - A server is started using :server t arg.
4851 - Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4852 - A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4853 - Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4854 - IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4855 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4856 - Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4857 - The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4858 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4859 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4861 To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4862 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4863 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4865 *** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4867 *** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4869 These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4870 and set the current address of the remote partner.
4872 *** New function `format-network-address'.
4874 This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
4875 to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
4876 number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
4877 printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
4878 string for other formatting options.
4880 *** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
4882 Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
4883 process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
4884 the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
4886 An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
4887 4 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
4889 *** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
4891 These functions stop and restart communication through a network
4892 connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
4893 stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
4896 *** New function `network-interface-list'.
4898 This function returns a list of network interface names and their
4899 current network addresses.
4901 *** New function `network-interface-info'.
4903 This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
4904 status, and other information about a specific network interface.
4906 *** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
4908 The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
4909 process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
4910 connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
4911 "connection broken by remote peer".
4913 ** Using window objects:
4916 *** New function `window-body-height'.
4918 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
4922 *** You can now make a window as short as one line.
4924 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
4925 line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
4926 `header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
4927 cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
4928 variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
4931 *** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
4932 actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
4933 divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
4937 *** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
4938 return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
4941 *** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
4942 selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
4943 It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
4946 *** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
4948 This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
4951 *** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
4952 of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
4953 by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
4957 *** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
4959 If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
4960 and scroll-bar settings.
4963 *** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
4966 *** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
4967 argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
4971 *** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
4972 or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
4975 ** Customizable fringe bitmaps
4977 *** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
4978 `fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
4979 and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
4980 This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
4981 physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
4982 be used in different windows showing different buffers.
4984 *** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
4985 fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
4987 *** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
4988 or restores a built-in one to its default value.
4990 *** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
4991 used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
4992 with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
4993 foreground color of the bitmap.
4995 *** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
4996 that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
4997 bitmap of the display line.
4999 Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
5000 symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
5001 `define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
5002 for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
5003 When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
5005 *** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
5006 bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
5008 ** Other window fringe features:
5011 *** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
5013 The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
5014 can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
5015 frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
5016 Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
5018 The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
5019 specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
5020 integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
5021 between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
5022 specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
5023 only the left fringe gets the specified width).
5025 Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
5026 width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
5027 of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
5028 fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
5031 *** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
5033 **** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
5036 To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
5037 variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
5038 `set-window-fringes'.
5040 To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
5041 are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
5042 or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
5043 `fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
5045 The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
5046 settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
5047 `fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
5048 displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
5049 an update of the display margins.
5051 **** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
5052 controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
5054 To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
5055 variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
5056 `set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
5057 used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
5058 `scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
5059 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
5060 of the display margins.
5062 ** Redisplay features:
5065 *** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
5068 *** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
5071 *** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
5072 available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
5073 an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
5076 *** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
5077 one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
5078 contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
5079 changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
5080 forcing an explicit window update.
5083 *** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
5084 to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
5085 a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
5087 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
5088 does that, this value cannot be accurate.
5091 *** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
5092 variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
5094 It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
5095 markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
5097 Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
5098 and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
5099 string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
5100 systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
5101 If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
5102 'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
5105 *** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
5107 A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
5108 properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
5110 If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
5111 contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
5112 newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
5113 newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
5114 slices without adding blank areas between the images.
5116 If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
5117 specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
5118 height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
5120 If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
5121 height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
5124 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
5125 minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
5126 RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
5128 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
5129 height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
5131 If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
5132 the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
5133 described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
5134 varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
5135 exactly that many pixels high.
5137 If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
5138 is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
5139 overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
5140 the `line-spacing' variable.
5142 If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
5143 is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
5146 *** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
5147 which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
5150 *** Enhancements to stretch display properties
5152 The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
5153 PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
5154 specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
5156 The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
5157 which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
5160 EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
5161 NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
5162 UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
5163 ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
5165 POS ::= left | center | right
5166 FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
5169 The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
5170 frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
5171 pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
5172 is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
5173 pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
5174 `height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
5175 font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
5178 The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
5179 `scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
5180 corresponding area of the window.
5182 The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
5183 to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
5184 of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
5185 can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
5186 relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
5187 a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
5188 these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
5189 the width of the area.
5191 For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
5192 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
5194 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
5195 to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
5196 header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
5198 The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
5199 the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
5200 width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
5201 height) of the specified image.
5203 The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
5204 The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
5207 *** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
5208 text property string that may be present at the current window
5209 position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
5210 strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
5213 *** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
5214 supported on text terminals.
5217 *** Support for displaying image slices
5219 **** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
5220 an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
5222 **** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
5223 specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
5225 **** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
5226 specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
5229 *** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
5231 An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
5232 An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
5233 A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
5234 pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
5235 A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
5236 and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
5237 A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
5238 vector describes one corner in the polygon.
5240 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
5241 PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
5242 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
5243 a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
5244 it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
5245 for possible pointer shapes.
5247 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
5248 an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
5249 mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
5252 *** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
5253 The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
5254 search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
5255 in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
5256 Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
5257 you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
5258 explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
5260 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
5262 Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
5263 moved to etc/images.
5266 *** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
5267 search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
5268 external packages to save users from having to update
5272 *** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
5273 images that Emacs will load and display.
5276 *** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to
5277 override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions
5278 `display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'.
5280 ** Mouse pointer features:
5284 *** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
5285 line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
5286 controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
5287 is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
5288 (or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
5291 *** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
5292 :pointer image property.
5295 *** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
5296 controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
5298 ** Mouse event enhancements:
5301 *** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
5302 or `right-fringe' as the area.
5305 *** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
5306 you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
5307 a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
5310 *** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
5313 *** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
5316 *** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
5320 *** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
5324 *** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
5325 of the mouse event position.
5328 *** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
5331 *** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
5332 the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
5335 *** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
5336 (image or character) clicked on.
5339 *** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
5341 These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
5342 pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
5343 the total width and height of that object.
5345 ** Text property and overlay changes:
5348 *** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
5349 remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
5352 *** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5354 This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
5355 properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
5356 although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
5357 to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
5360 *** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
5361 arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
5362 return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
5363 whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
5364 it was found as a text property or not found at all.
5367 *** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
5369 It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
5370 property names as argument rather than a property list.
5375 *** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
5376 Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
5377 needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
5378 the faces to include in the face menu.
5381 *** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
5382 the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
5383 define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
5384 look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
5385 is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
5386 makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
5389 *** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
5390 whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
5392 A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5393 specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5394 defined with `defface'.
5397 *** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5398 or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5399 `defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5400 the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5401 directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5404 *** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5405 `default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5406 defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5410 *** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5411 (or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5412 '((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5413 point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5414 SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5417 *** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5418 whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5419 not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5422 *** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5424 These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5425 face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5429 *** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5430 help with handling relative face attributes.
5433 *** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5435 If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5436 faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5437 releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5438 so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5442 *** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5443 with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5444 not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5445 or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5446 was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5449 *** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5450 the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5452 ** Font-Lock changes:
5455 *** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5457 This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5458 M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5459 property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5460 new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5463 *** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5465 **** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5466 form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5467 properties than `face'.
5469 **** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5470 extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5473 *** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5475 If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5476 (see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5477 be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5478 depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5479 is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5487 Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5488 text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5489 property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5490 refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5492 *** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way
5493 the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding
5494 up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines
5495 of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized.
5497 ** Major mode mechanism changes:
5500 *** `set-auto-mode' now gives the interpreter magic line (if present)
5501 precedence over the file name. Likewise an `<?xml' or `<!DOCTYPE'
5502 declaration will give the buffer XML or SGML mode, based on the new
5503 variable `magic-mode-alist'.
5506 *** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5509 *** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5510 `after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5511 hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5514 *** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5515 property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5519 *** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5520 locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5524 *** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5525 It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5528 *** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5529 are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5530 parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5532 ** Minor mode changes:
5535 *** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5536 and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5539 *** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5542 *** `define-global-minor-mode'.
5544 This is a new name for what was formerly called
5545 `easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5547 ** Command loop changes:
5550 *** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5551 have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5552 calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5554 Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5555 INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5558 *** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5560 If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5561 called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5565 *** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5566 within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5567 covered by an image or composition property.
5569 This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5570 This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5571 unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5572 (including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5573 `post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5576 *** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5577 enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5578 During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5579 is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5580 the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5583 *** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5584 been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5585 `disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5588 *** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5589 when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5592 *** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle.
5594 ** Lisp file loading changes:
5597 *** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5598 which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5599 current file redefined it).
5602 *** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5603 defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5606 *** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5607 variable or face definitions.
5610 *** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5611 to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5612 and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5615 *** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5616 Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5617 than 3 levels of nesting.
5620 ** Byte compiler changes:
5622 *** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5623 position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5624 warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5625 for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5626 compilation output buffer.
5628 *** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5629 inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5631 *** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5632 simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5633 useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5634 Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5637 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5638 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5640 In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5641 won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5642 second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5643 unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5644 macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5645 `unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5647 *** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5648 helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5649 Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5650 efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5651 generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5654 *** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5657 *** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5658 now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5659 (require 'cl) when loaded.
5661 ** Frame operations:
5664 *** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5666 These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5667 horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5670 *** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5671 for all (existing and future) frames.
5674 *** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5675 for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5676 number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5677 Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5680 *** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5681 the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5686 *** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5688 Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5689 from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5690 buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5693 1. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5695 2. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5696 the time it takes to convert the format.
5698 3. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5702 *** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5703 NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5706 *** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5707 to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5708 for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5709 file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5712 *** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5713 of one coding system from another coding system.
5716 *** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5717 the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5721 *** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5722 it is read from a file without decoding.
5725 *** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5726 hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5729 *** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5730 current input method to input a character.
5732 ** Mode line changes:
5735 *** New function `format-mode-line'.
5737 This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5738 specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5741 *** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5742 used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5745 *** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5746 to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5750 *** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5752 ** Menu manipulation changes:
5755 *** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5756 proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5757 "files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5758 several versions ago.
5761 *** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5762 If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5763 as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5765 This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5766 made with easy-menu.
5769 *** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5770 if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5771 into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5772 need to have a name.
5774 ** Operating system access:
5777 *** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5778 run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5781 *** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5782 user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5783 accepts a float as UID parameter.
5786 *** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5789 *** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5790 The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5791 formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5794 *** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5795 debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5800 *** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5802 `find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5803 `find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5804 `write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5805 `write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5806 `x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5807 `x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5808 `delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5810 In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5813 *** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5815 Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5818 *** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5824 *** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5825 as the heap size increases.
5828 *** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5829 on garbage collection.
5832 *** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5834 The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5836 * New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
5839 ** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5840 buttons' in emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5841 `widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5842 doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5843 such things as help and apropos buffers.
5846 ** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5847 of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5848 well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5851 ** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5852 binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5856 ** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5857 buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
5859 It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
5860 and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
5861 buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
5864 This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
5865 sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
5868 (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
5869 (function (lambda ()
5871 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5872 (add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
5873 (function (lambda ()
5874 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5877 ** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
5879 This includes measuring garbage collection time.
5882 ** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
5884 This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
5885 code. It works with edebug.
5887 The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
5888 file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
5889 overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
5890 is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
5891 will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
5893 Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
5894 evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
5895 value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
5896 complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
5897 skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
5898 value, such as (setq x 14).
5900 For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
5901 help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
5902 red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
5903 return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
5904 This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
5905 an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
5909 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
5910 Copyright information:
5912 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
5913 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5915 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
5916 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
5917 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved,
5918 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn.
5920 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
5921 of this document, or of portions of it,
5922 under the above conditions, provided also that they
5923 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them.
5927 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"
5930 arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793