1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
3 Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end of the file for license conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in Emacs version 25.
11 See file HISTORY for a list of GNU Emacs versions and release dates.
12 See files NEWS.24, NEWS.23, NEWS.22, NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18,
13 and NEWS.1-17 for changes in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling 'view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
19 +++ indicates that all necessary documentation updates are complete.
20 (This means all relevant manuals in doc/ AND lisp doc-strings.)
21 --- means no change in the manuals is needed.
22 When you add a new item, use the appropriate mark if you are sure it applies,
23 otherwise leave it unmarked.
26 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.2
28 ** The new option 'configure --enable-gcc-warnings=warn-only' causes
29 GCC to issue warnings without stopping the build. This behavior is
30 now the default in developer builds. As before, use
31 '--disable-gcc-warnings' to suppress GCC's warnings, and
32 '--enable-gcc-warnings' to stop the build if GCC issues warnings.
35 ** The Emacs server now has socket-launching support. This allows
36 socket based activation, where an external process like systemd can
37 invoke the Emacs server process upon a socket connection event and
38 hand the socket over to Emacs. Emacs uses this socket to service
39 emacsclient commands. This new functionality can be disabled with the
40 configure option '--disable-libsystemd'.
42 ** New configure option '--disable-build-details' attempts to build an
43 Emacs that is more likely to be reproducible; that is, if you build
44 and install Emacs twice, the second Emacs is a copy of the first.
45 Deterministic builds omit the build date from the output of the
46 emacs-version and erc-cmd-SV functions, and the leave the following
47 variables nil: emacs-build-system, emacs-build-time,
50 ** Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs users are not
51 affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in December 2013.
54 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.2
57 * Changes in Emacs 25.2
60 ** 'find-library-name' will now fall back on looking at 'load-history'
61 to try to locate libraries that have been loaded with an explicit path
65 ** Faces in 'minibuffer-prompt-properties' no longer overwrite properties
66 in the text in functions like 'read-from-minibuffer', but instead are
67 added to the end of the face list. This allows users to say things
68 like '(read-from-minibuffer (propertize "Enter something: " 'face 'bold))'.
71 ** The new variable 'extended-command-suggest-shorter' has been added
72 to control whether to suggest shorter 'M-x' commands or not.
75 ** icomplete now respects 'completion-ignored-extensions'.
78 ** Non-breaking hyphens are now displayed with the 'nobreak-hyphen'
79 face instead of the 'escape-glyph' face.
82 ** 'C-x h' ('mark-whole-buffer') will now avoid marking the prompt
86 ** 'find-library' now takes a prefix argument to pop to a different
89 ** 'find-library', 'help-function-def' and 'help-variable-def' now run
90 'find-function-after-hook'.
93 ** 'process-attributes' on Darwin systems now returns more information.
96 ** Several accessors for the value returned by 'file-attributes'
97 have been added. They are: 'file-attribute-type',
98 'file-attribute-link-number', 'file-attribute-user-id',
99 'file-attribute-group-id', 'file-attribute-access-time',
100 'file-attribute-modification-time',
101 'file-attribute-status-change-time', 'file-attribute-size',
102 'file-attribute-modes', 'file-attribute-inode-number', and
103 'file-attribute-device-number'.
106 ** The new function 'buffer-hash' computes a fast, non-consing hash of
110 ** 'fill-paragraph' no longer marks the buffer as changed unless it
111 actually changed something.
114 ** The locale language name 'ca' is now mapped to the language
115 environment 'Catalan', which has been added.
118 ** 'align-regexp' has a separate history for its interactive argument.
119 'align-regexp' no longer shares its history with all other
120 history-less functions that use 'read-string'.
123 ** The networking code has been reworked so that it's more
124 asynchronous than it was (when specifying :nowait t in
125 'make-network-process'). How asynchronous it is varies based on the
126 capabilities of the system, but on a typical GNU/Linux system the DNS
127 resolution, the connection, and (for TLS streams) the TLS negotiation
128 are all done without blocking the main Emacs thread. To get
129 asynchronous TLS, the TLS boot parameters have to be passed in (see
130 the manual for details).
132 Certain process oriented functions (like 'process-datagram-address')
133 will block until socket setup has been performed. The recommended way
134 to deal with asynchronous sockets is to avoid interacting with them
135 until they have changed status to "run". This is most easily done
136 from a process sentinel.
138 ** 'make-network-process' and 'open-network-stream' sometimes allowed
139 :service to be an integer string (e.g., :service "993") and sometimes
140 required an integer (e.g., :service 993). This difference has been
141 eliminated, and integer strings work everywhere.
143 ** It is possible to disable attempted recovery on fatal signals.
145 Two new variables support disabling attempts to recover from stack
146 overflow and to avoid automatic auto-save when Emacs is delivered a
147 fatal signal. 'attempt-stack-overflow-recovery', if set to 'nil',
148 will disable attempts to recover from C stack overflows; Emacs will
149 then crash as with any other fatal signal.
150 'attempt-orderly-shutdown-on-fatal-signal', if set to 'nil', will
151 disable attempts to auto-save the session and shut down in an orderly
152 fashion when Emacs receives a fatal signal; instead, Emacs will
153 terminate immediately. Both variables are non-'nil' by default.
154 These variables are for users who would like to avoid the small
155 probability of data corruption due to techniques Emacs uses to recover
159 ** File local and directory local variables are now initialized each
160 time the major mode is set, not just when the file is first visited.
161 These local variables will thus not vanish on setting a major mode.
164 ** A second dir-local file (.dir-locals-2.el) is now accepted.
165 See the variable 'dir-locals-file-2' for more information.
168 ** International domain names (IDNA) are now encoded via the new
169 puny.el library, so that one can visit web sites with non-ASCII URLs.
172 ** The new 'timer-list' command lists all active timers in a buffer,
173 where you can cancel them with the 'c' command.
176 ** The new function 'read-multiple-choice' prompts for multiple-choice
177 questions, with a handy way to display help texts.
180 ** 'switch-to-buffer-preserve-window-point' now defaults to t.
183 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.2
186 ** New bindings for 'query-replace-map'.
187 'undo', undo the last replacement; bound to 'u'.
188 'undo-all', undo all replacements; bound to 'U'.
190 ** 'delete-trailing-whitespace' deletes whitespace after form feed.
191 In modes where form feed was treated as a whitespace character,
192 'delete-trailing-whitespace' would keep lines containing it unchanged.
193 It now deletes whitespace after the last form feed thus behaving the
194 same as in modes where the character is not whitespace.
197 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
202 *** A new command 'ibuffer-copy-buffername-as-kill'; bound
206 *** New command 'ibuffer-change-marks'; bound to '* c'.
209 *** A new command 'ibuffer-mark-by-locked' to mark
210 all locked buffers; bound to '% L'.
213 *** A new option 'ibuffer-locked-char' to indicate
214 locked buffers; Ibuffer shows a new column displaying
215 'ibuffer-locked-char' for locked buffers.
218 *** A new command 'ibuffer-unmark-all-marks' to unmark
219 all buffers without asking confirmation; bound to
220 'U'; 'ibuffer-do-replace-regexp' bound to 'r'.
223 *** A new command `ibuffer-mark-by-content-regexp' to mark buffers
224 whose content matches a regexp; bound to '% g'.
227 *** Two new options `ibuffer-never-search-content-name' and
228 `ibuffer-never-search-content-mode' used by
229 `ibuffer-mark-by-content-regexp'.
234 *** Messages from CMake are now recognized.
239 *** In wdired, when editing files to contain slash characters,
240 the resulting directories are automatically created. Whether to do
241 this is controlled by the 'wdired-create-parent-directories' variable.
244 *** 'W' is now bound to 'browse-url-of-dired-file', and is useful for
245 viewing HTML files and the like.
249 *** Ediff can be prevented from pausing 1 second after reaching a
250 breakpoint (e.g. with "f" and "o") by customizing the new option
251 'edebug-sit-on-break'.
256 *** 'eldoc-documentation-functions' replaces 'eldoc-documentation-function'.
261 *** A new 's' command for switching to another eww buffer via the minibuffer.
264 *** The 'o' command ('shr-save-contents') has moved to 'O' to avoid collision
265 with the 'o' command from 'image-map'.
268 *** A new command 'C' ('eww-toggle-colors') can be used to toggle
269 whether to use the HTML-specified colors or not. The user can also
270 customize the 'shr-use-colors' variable.
273 *** Images that are being loaded are now marked with gray
274 "placeholder" images of the size specified by the HTML. They are then
275 replaced by the real images asynchronously, which will also now
276 respect width/height HTML specs (unless they specify widths/heights
277 bigger than the current window).
282 *** Images are automatically scaled before displaying based on the
283 'image-scaling-factor' variable (if Emacs supports scaling the images
287 *** Images inserted with 'insert-image' and related functions get a
288 keymap put into the text properties (or overlays) that span the
289 image. This keymap binds keystrokes for manipulating size and
290 rotation, as well as saving the image to a file. These commands are
291 also available in 'image-mode'.
294 *** A new library for creating and manipulating SVG images has been
295 added. See the "SVG Images" section in the lispref manual for
299 *** New setf-able function to access and set image parameters is
300 provided: 'image-property'.
303 ** The default 'Info-default-directory-list' no longer checks some obsolete
304 directory suffixes (gnu, gnu/lib, gnu/lib/emacs, emacs, lib, lib/emacs)
305 when searching for info directories.
308 ** The commands that add ChangeLog entries now prefer a VCS root directory
309 for the ChangeLog file, if none already exists. Customize
310 'change-log-directory-files' to nil for the old behavior.
313 ** Support for non-string values of 'time-stamp-format' has been removed.
318 *** 'message-use-idna' now defaults to t (because Emacs comes with
319 built-in IDNA support now).
322 *** When sending HTML messages with embedded images, and you have
323 exiftool installed, and you rotate images with EXIF data (i.e.,
324 JPEGs), the rotational information will be inserted into the outgoing
325 image in the message. (The original image will not have its
326 orientation affected.)
329 *** The 'message-valid-fqdn-regexp' variable has been removed, since
330 there are now top-level domains added all the time. Message will no
331 longer warn about sending emails to top-level domains it hasn't heard
334 *** 'message-beginning-of-line' (bound to C-a) understands folded headers.
335 In 'visual-line-mode' it will look for the true beginning of a header
336 while in non-'visual-line-mode' it will move the point to the indented
342 *** New connection method "sg", which supports editing files under a
346 *** New connection method "doas" for OpenBSD hosts.
349 *** New connection method "gdrive", which allows to access Google
350 Drive onsite repositories.
353 ** 'auto-revert-use-notify' is set back to t in 'global-auto-revert-mode'.
358 *** Support for completing attribute values, at-rules, bang-rules, and
359 HTML tags using the 'completion-at-point' command.
362 ** Emacs now supports character name escape sequences in character and
363 string literals. The syntax variants \N{character name} and
364 \N{U+code} are supported.
367 ** Prog mode has some support for multi-mode indentation.
368 This allows better indentation support in modes that support multiple
369 programming languages in the same buffer, like literate programming
370 environments or ANTLR programs with embedded Python code.
372 A major mode can provide indentation context for a sub-mode through
373 the 'prog-indentation-context' variable. To support this, modes that
374 provide indentation should use 'prog-widen' instead of 'widen' and
375 'prog-first-column' instead of a literal zero. See the node
376 "Mode-Specific Indent" in the ELisp manual for more details.
380 *** New variable 'erc-default-port-tls' used to connect to TLS IRC
386 *** The new function 'url-cookie-delete-cookie' can be used to
387 programmatically delete all cookies, or cookies from a specific
391 *** 'url-retrieve-synchronously' now takes an optional timeout parameter.
394 *** The URL package now support HTTPS over proxies supporting CONNECT.
397 *** 'url-user-agent' now defaults to 'default', and the User-Agent
398 string is computed dynamically based on 'url-privacy-level'.
400 ** VC and related modes
403 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now defaults to more
404 colorful faces to make it more obvious to the user what the state is.
405 See the 'vc-faces' customization group.
409 *** Opening a .h file will turn C or C++ mode depending on language used.
410 This is done with the help of 'c-or-c++-mode' function which analyses
411 contents of the buffer to determine whether it's a C or C++ source
415 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
417 ** New Elisp data-structure library `radix-tree'.
420 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
423 ** Resizing a frame no longer runs 'window-configuration-change-hook'.
424 Put your function on 'window-size-change-functions' instead.
426 ** 'C-up', 'C-down', 'C-left' and 'C-right' are now defined in term
427 mode to send the same escape sequences that xterm does. This makes
428 things like forward-word in readline work.
431 ** hideshow mode got four key bindings that are analogous to outline
432 mode bindings: 'C-c @ C-a', 'C-c @ C-t', 'C-c @ C-d', and 'C-c @ C-e.'
434 ** The grep/rgrep/lgrep functions will now ask about saving files
435 before running. This is controlled by the 'grep-save-buffers'
439 ** The variable 'text-quoting-style' no longer affects the treatment
440 of curved quotes in format arguments to functions like 'message' and
441 'format-message'. In particular, when this variable's value is
442 'grave', all quotes in formats are output as-is.
444 ** Functions like 'check-declare-file' and 'check-declare-directory'
445 now generate less chatter and more-compact diagnostics. The auxiliary
446 function 'check-declare-errmsg' has been removed.
449 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
451 ** New var `definition-prefixes' is a hashtable mapping prefixes to the
452 files where corresponding definitions can be found. This can be used
453 to fetch definitions that are not yet loaded, for example for `C-h f'.
455 ** New var syntax-ppss-table to control the syntax-table used in syntax-ppss.
458 ** 'define-derived-mode' can now specify an :after-hook form, which
459 gets evaluated after the new mode's hook has run. This can be used to
460 incorporate configuration changes made in the mode hook into the
463 ** Autoload files can be generated without timestamps,
464 by setting 'autoload-timestamps' to nil.
465 FIXME As an experiment, nil is the current default.
466 If no insurmountable problems before next release, it can stay that way.
469 ** 'gnutls-boot' now takes a parameter :complete-negotiation that says
470 that negotiation should complete even on non-blocking sockets.
473 ** New functions 'window-pixel-width-before-size-change' and
474 'window-pixel-height-before-size-change' support detecting which
475 window changed size when 'window-size-change-functions' are run.
478 ** New function 'display-buffer-reuse-mode-window' is an action function
479 suitable for use in 'display-buffer-alist'. For example, to avoid creating
480 a new window when opening man pages when there's already one, use
481 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
482 '("\\`\\*Man .*\\*\\'" .
483 (display-buffer-reuse-mode-window
484 (inhibit-same-window . nil)
488 ** There is now a new variable 'flyspell-sort-corrections-function'
489 that allows changing the way corrections are sorted.
492 ** The new command 'fortune-message' has been added, which displays
493 fortunes in the echo area.
496 ** New function 'func-arity' returns information about the argument list
497 of an arbitrary function. This generalizes 'subr-arity' for functions
498 that are not built-in primitives. We recommend using this new
499 function instead of 'subr-arity'.
502 ** 'parse-partial-sexp' state has a new element. Element 10 is
503 non-nil when the last character scanned might be the first character
504 of a two character construct, i.e., a comment delimiter or escaped
505 character. Its value is the syntax of that last character.
508 ** 'parse-partial-sexp''s state, element 9, has now been confirmed as
509 permanent and documented, and may be used by Lisp programs. Its value
510 is a list of currently open parenthesis positions, starting with the
511 outermost parenthesis.
514 ** 'read-color' will now display the color names using the color itself
515 as the background color.
517 ** The function 'redirect-debugging-output' now works on platforms
518 other than GNU/Linux.
521 ** The new function 'string-version-lessp' compares strings by
522 interpreting consecutive runs of numerical characters as numbers, and
523 compares their numerical values. According to this predicate,
524 "foo2.png" is smaller than "foo12.png".
527 ** The new function 'char-from-name' converts a Unicode name string
528 to the corresponding character code.
531 ** New functions 'sxhash-eq' and 'sxhash-eql' return hash codes of a
532 Lisp object suitable for use with 'eq' and 'eql' correspondingly. If
533 two objects are 'eq' ('eql'), then the result of 'sxhash-eq'
534 ('sxhash-eql') on them will be the same.
537 ** Function 'sxhash' has been renamed to 'sxhash-equal' for
538 consistency with the new functions. For compatibility, 'sxhash'
539 remains as an alias to 'sxhash-equal'.
542 ** Time conversion functions that accept a time zone rule argument now
543 allow it to be OFFSET or a list (OFFSET ABBR), where the integer
544 OFFSET is a count of seconds east of Universal Time, and the string
545 ABBR is a time zone abbreviation. The affected functions are
546 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone', 'decode-time',
547 'format-time-string', and 'set-time-zone-rule'.
550 *** New basic face 'fixed-pitch-serif', for a fixed-width font with serifs.
551 The Info-quoted and tex-verbatim faces now default to inheriting from it.
554 * Changes in Emacs 25.2 on Non-Free Operating Systems
556 ** Intercepting hotkeys on Windows 7 and later now works better.
557 The new keyboard hooking code properly grabs system hotkeys such as
558 Win-* and Alt-TAB, in a way that Emacs can get at them before the
559 system. This makes the 'w32-register-hot-key' functionality work
560 again on all versions of MS-Windows starting with Windows 7. On
561 Windows NT and later you can now register any hotkey combination. (On
562 Windows 9X, the previous limitations, spelled out in the Emacs manual,
565 ** 'convert-standard-filename' no longer mirrors slashes on MS-Windows.
566 Previously, on MS-Windows this function converted slash characters in
567 file names into backslashes. It no longer does that.
570 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.1
573 ** Building Emacs now requires C99 or later.
576 ** Building Emacs now requires GNU make, version 3.81 or later.
579 ** New configure option --with-cairo.
580 This builds Emacs with Cairo drawing. As a side effect, it provides
581 support for built-in printing, when Emacs was built with GTK+.
582 Cairo drawing is an experimental feature in Emacs, and subject to
583 change in future releases.
586 ** New configure option --with-modules.
587 This enables support for loading dynamic modules; see below.
590 ** By default, Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs
591 users are not affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in
592 December 2013. If you are affected, please send a bug report. You
593 should be able to work around the problem either by porting the Emacs
594 undumping code to GCC under IRIX, or by configuring --with-wide-int,
595 or by sticking with Emacs 24.4.
598 ** The Emacs garbage collector assumes GC_MARK_STACK == GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS.
599 The GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS stack-marking variant has been the default
600 since Emacs 24.4, and the other variants were undocumented and were
601 obstacles to maintenance and development. GC_MARK_STACK and its
602 related symbols have been removed from the C internals.
605 ** 'configure' now prefers gnustep-config when configuring GNUstep.
606 If gnustep-config is not available, the old heuristics are used.
609 ** 'configure' now prefers inotify to gfile for file notification,
610 unless gfile is explicitly requested via --with-file-notification='gfile'.
613 ** 'configure' detects the kqueue file notification library on *BSD
614 and Mac OS X machines.
617 ** The configure option '--with-pkg-config-prog' has been removed.
618 Use './configure PKG_CONFIG=/full/name/of/pkg-config' if you need to.
621 ** The configure option '--with-mmdf' has been removed.
622 It was no longer useful, as it relied on libraries that are no longer
623 supported, and its presence led to confusion during configuration.
624 This affects only the 'movemail' utility; Emacs itself can still
625 process MMDF-format files as before.
628 ** The configure option '--enable-silent-rules' is now the default,
629 and silent rules are now quieter. To get the old behavior where
630 'make' chatters a lot, configure with '--disable-silent-rules' or
631 build with 'make V=1'.
634 ** The configure option '--with-gameuser' now allows you to specify a
635 group instead of a user if its argument is prefixed by ':' (a colon).
636 This will cause the game score files in "${localstatedir}/games/emacs"
637 to be owned by that group, and the helper program for updating them to
638 be installed setgid. The option now defaults to the 'games' group.
641 ** The 'grep-changelog' script (and its manual page) are no longer included.
642 It has no particular connection to Emacs and has not changed in years,
643 so if you want to use it, you can always take a copy from an older Emacs.
646 ** Emacs 25 comes with a new set of icons.
647 Various resolutions are available as etc/images/icons/hicolor/*/apps/emacs.png.
648 The old Emacs logo icons are available as 'emacs23.png' in the same location.
651 ** New make target 'check-expensive' to run additional tests.
652 This includes all tests which run via "make check", plus additional
653 tests which take more time to perform.
656 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.1
659 ** When Emacs is given a file as a command line argument and
660 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, display both the file and
661 'initial-buffer-choice'. When Emacs is given more than one file and
662 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, show 'initial-buffer-choice'
663 and '*Buffer List*'. This makes Emacs convenient to use from the
664 command line when 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil.
667 ** The value of 'initial-scratch-message' is now treated as a doc string
668 and can contain escape sequences for command keys, quotes, and the like.
671 ** The default height of GUI frames was enlarged.
672 This is so there's enough space in the initial window to display the
673 optional text about recovering crashes sessions, without losing the
674 splash image display.
677 * Changes in Emacs 25.1
680 ** Xwidgets: a new feature for embedding native widgets inside Emacs buffers.
681 If you have gtk3 and webkitgtk3 installed, and Emacs was built with
682 xwidget support, you can access the embedded webkit browser with 'M-x
683 xwidget-webkit-browse-url'. This opens a new buffer with the embedded
684 browser. The buffer will have a new mode, 'xwidget-webkit-mode'
685 (similar to 'image-mode'), which supports the webkit widget.
688 *** New functions for xwidget-webkit mode 'xwidget-webkit-insert-string',
689 'xwidget-webkit-adjust-size-dispatch', 'xwidget-webkit-back',
690 'xwidget-webkit-browse-url', 'xwidget-webkit-reload',
691 'xwidget-webkit-current-url', 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-backward',
692 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-forward', 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-down',
693 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-up'.
696 ** Emacs can now load shared/dynamic libraries (modules).
697 A dynamic Emacs module is a shared library that provides additional
698 functionality for use in Emacs Lisp programs, just like a package
699 written in Emacs Lisp would. The functions 'load', 'require',
700 'load-file', etc. were extended to load such modules, as they do with
701 Emacs Lisp packages. The new variable 'module-file-suffix' holds the
702 system-dependent value of the file-name extension ('.so' on Posix
703 hosts) of the module files.
705 A module should export a C-callable function named
706 'emacs_module_init', which Emacs will call as part of the call to
707 'load' or 'require' which loads the module. It should also export a
708 symbol named 'plugin_is_GPL_compatible' to indicate that its code is
709 released under the GPL or compatible license; Emacs will refuse to
710 load modules that don't export such a symbol.
712 If a module needs to call Emacs functions, it should do so through the
713 API defined and documented in the header file 'emacs-module.h'. Note
714 that any module that provides Lisp-callable functions will have to use
715 Emacs functions such as 'fset' and 'funcall', in order to register its
716 functions with the Emacs Lisp interpreter.
718 Modules can create 'user-ptr' Lisp objects that embed pointers to C
719 structs defined by the module. This is useful for keeping around
720 complex data structures created by a module, to be passed back to the
721 module's functions. User-ptr objects can also have associated
722 "finalizers" -- functions to be run when the object is GC'ed; this is
723 useful for freeing any resources allocated for the underlying data
724 structure, such as memory, open file descriptors, etc. A new
725 predicate 'user-ptrp' returns non-nil if its argument is a 'user-ptr'
728 Loadable modules in Emacs are an experimental feature, and subject to
729 change in future releases. For that reason, their support is disabled
730 by default, and must be enabled by using the '--with-modules' option
734 ** Network security (TLS/SSL certificate validity and the like) is
735 added via the new Network Security Manager (NSM) and controlled via
736 the 'network-security-level' variable.
739 ** 'C-h l' now also lists the commands that were run.
742 ** 'x-select-enable-clipboard' is renamed 'select-enable-clipboard'
743 and 'x-select-enable-primary' is renamed 'select-enable-primary'.
744 Additionally they both now apply to all systems (OSX, GNUstep, Windows, you
745 name it), with the proviso that on some systems (e.g. Windows)
746 'select-enable-primary' is ineffective since the system doesn't
747 have the equivalent of a primary selection.
750 ** New option 'switch-to-buffer-in-dedicated-window' allows you to
751 customize how 'switch-to-buffer' proceeds interactively when the
752 selected window is strongly dedicated to its buffer.
755 ** The option 'even-window-heights' has been renamed to
756 'even-window-sizes' and now handles window widths as well.
759 ** 'terpri' gets an optional arg ENSURE to conditionally output a newline.
762 ** 'insert-register' now leaves point after the inserted text
763 when called interactively. A prefix argument toggles this behavior.
766 ** The new variable 'term-file-aliases' replaces some files from lisp/term.
767 The function 'tty-run-terminal-initialization' consults this variable
768 when deciding what terminal-specific initialization code to run.
771 ** New variable 'system-configuration-features', listing some of the
772 main features that Emacs was compiled with. This is mainly intended
773 for use in Emacs bug reports.
776 ** A password is now hidden also when typed in batch mode. Another
777 hiding character but the default '.' can be used by let-binding the
778 variable 'read-hide-char'.
781 ** The Emacs pseudo-random number generator can be securely seeded.
782 On systems where Emacs can access the system entropy or some other
783 cryptographically secure random stream, it now uses that when 'random'
784 is called with its argument t. This allows cryptographically strong
785 random values; in particular, the Emacs server now uses this facility
786 to produce its authentication key.
789 ** New input methods: 'tamil-dvorak' and 'programmer-dvorak'.
792 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.1
795 ** 'M-x' suggests shorthands and ignores obsolete commands for completion.
800 *** Successive single-char deletions are collapsed in the undo-log just like
801 successive char insertions. Which commands invoke this behavior is
802 controlled by the new 'undo-auto-amalgamate' function. See the node
803 "Undo" in the ELisp manual for more details.
806 *** The heuristic used to insert 'undo-boundary' after each command
807 has changed, so that if a command causes changes in more than just the
808 current buffer, Emacs now calls 'undo-boundary' in every buffer
809 affected by the command.
812 ** New command 'comment-line' bound to 'C-x C-;'.
814 ** New and improved facilities for inserting Unicode characters
817 *** Unicode names entered via 'C-x 8 RET' now use substring completion
821 *** 'C-x 8' now has shorthands for several chars, such as U+2010
822 (HYPHEN), U+2011 (NON-BREAKING HYPHEN), and U+2012 (FIGURE DASH). As
823 before, you can type 'C-x 8 C-h' to list shorthands.
826 *** New minor mode 'electric-quote-mode' for using curved quotes as you
827 type. See also the new variable 'text-quoting-style'.
830 ** New minor mode 'global-eldoc-mode' is enabled by default.
833 ** Emacs now uses "bracketed paste mode" on text terminals that support it.
834 Bracketed paste mode causes text terminals to wrap pasted text in special
835 escape sequences that allow Emacs to tell the difference between text
836 you type and text you paste from other applications. Emacs then
837 avoids interpreting each character in the pasted text as it does with
838 keyboard input, which results in a paste experience similar to that
839 under a window system, and significant performance improvements when
840 pasting large amounts of text.
842 Bracketed paste mode is disabled by default, so Emacs automatically
843 enables it at startup if the terminal supports it.
846 ** Emacs now supports the latest version of the UBA.
847 The Emacs implementation of the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UBA)
848 was updated to support all the latest additions and changes introduced
849 in Unicode Standard versions 6.3, 7.0, and the latest Unicode 8.0.
850 This includes full support for directional isolates and the
851 Bidirectional Parentheses Algorithm (BPA) specified by these Unicode
855 ** You can access 'mouse-buffer-menu' ('C-down-mouse-1') using 'C-f10'.
858 ** New buffer-local 'electric-pair-local-mode'.
861 ** New variable 'fast-but-imprecise-scrolling' inhibits
862 fontification during full screen scrolling operations, giving less
863 hesitant operation during auto-repeat of 'C-v', 'M-v' at the cost of
864 possible inaccuracies in the end position.
867 ** New documentation command 'describe-symbol'.
868 Works for functions, variables, faces, etc. It is bound to 'C-h o' by
872 ** New function 'custom-prompt-customize-unsaved-options' checks for
873 unsaved customizations and prompts user to customize (if found). It
874 is intended for adding to 'kill-emacs-query-functions'.
877 ** The old 'C-x w' bindings in 'hi-lock-mode' are officially deprecated
878 in favor of the global 'M-s h' bindings introduced in Emacs 23.1.
879 They'll disappear soon.
882 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
887 *** New command 'checkdoc-package-keywords' checks if the
888 current package keywords are recognized. Set the new option
889 'checkdoc-package-keywords-flag' to non-nil to make
890 'checkdoc-current-buffer' call this function automatically.
893 *** New function 'checkdoc-file' checks for style errors.
894 It's meant for use together with 'compile':
895 emacs -batch --eval "(checkdoc-file \"subr.el\")"
900 *** The desktop format version has been upgraded from 206 to 208.
901 Although Emacs 25.1 can read a version 206 desktop, earlier Emacsen
902 cannot read a version 208 desktop. To upgrade your desktop file, you
903 must explicitly request the upgrade, by 'C-u M-x desktop-save'. You are
904 recommended to do this as soon as you have firmly upgraded to Emacs
905 25.1 (or later). Should you ever need to downgrade your desktop file
906 to version 206, you can do this with 'C-u C-u M-x desktop-save'.
909 *** desktop-restore-in-current-display now defaults to t, not nil.
910 That is, Emacs by default now restores frames into the current display.
913 ** New function 'bookmark-set-no-overwrite' bound to 'C-x r M'.
914 It raises an error if a bookmark of that name already exists,
915 unlike 'bookmark-set' which silently updates an existing bookmark.
920 *** New user options 'mm-html-inhibit-images' and 'mm-html-blocked-images'
921 now control how mm-* functions fetch and display images in an HTML
922 message. Gnus still uses 'gnus-inhibit-images' and 'gnus-blocked-images'
923 for that purpose, i.e., binds mm-html- variables with those gnus-
924 variables, but other packages do not have to bind gnus- variables now.
927 *** 'mm-inline-text-html-with-images' has been removed.
928 Use 'mm-html-inhibit-images' instead. Note that the value is opposite
934 *** 'imap-ssl-program' has been removed, and imap.el uses the internal
935 GnuTLS encryption functions if possible.
940 *** 'json-pretty-print' and 'json-pretty-print-buffer' now maintain
941 the ordering of object keys by default.
944 *** New commands 'json-pretty-print-ordered' and
945 'json-pretty-print-buffer-ordered' pretty prints JSON objects with
946 object keys sorted alphabetically.
948 ** Prettify Symbols mode
951 *** Prettify Symbols mode supports custom composition predicates. By
952 overriding the default 'prettify-symbols-compose-predicate', modes can
953 specify in which contexts a symbol may be displayed as some Unicode
954 character. 'prettify-symbols-default-compose-p' is the default which
955 is suitable for most programming languages such as C or Lisp (but not
959 *** Symbols can be unprettified while point is inside them.
960 New variable 'prettify-symbols-unprettify-at-point' configures this.
962 ** Enhanced xterm support
965 *** The new variable 'xterm-screen-extra-capabilities' for configuring xterm.
966 This variable tells Emacs which advanced capabilities are available in
967 the xterm terminal emulator used to display Emacs text-mode frames.
968 The default is to check each capability, and use it if available.
969 (This variable was introduced in Emacs 24.1, but was not announced in
973 *** Killing text now also sets the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection
974 in the surrounding GUI (using the OSC-52 escape sequence). This only works
975 if your xterm supports it and enables the 'allowWindowOps' options (disabled
976 by default at least in Debian, for security reasons).
978 Similarly, you can yank the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection (using the OSC-52
979 escape sequence) if your xterm has the feature enabled but for that you
980 additionally need to add 'getSelection' to 'xterm-extra-capabilities'.
983 *** 'xterm-mouse-mode' now supports mouse-tracking (if your xterm supports it).
986 ** The way to turn on and off 'save-place' mode has changed.
987 It is no longer sufficient to load the saveplace library and set
988 'save-place' non-nil. Instead, use the two new minor modes:
989 'save-place-mode' turns on saving last place in every file, and
990 'save-place-local-mode' does that only for the file in whose buffer it
991 is invoked. The 'save-place' variable is now an obsolete alias for
992 'save-place-mode', which replaces it, and 'toggle-save-place' is an
993 obsolete alias for the new 'save-place-local-mode' command.
998 *** ERC can now hide message types by network or channel.
999 'erc-hide-list' will hide all messages of the specified type, while
1000 'erc-network-hide-list' and 'erc-channel-hide-list' will only hide the
1001 specified message types for the respective specified targets.
1004 *** Reconnection is now asynchronous.
1007 *** Nick completion is now case-insensitive again after inadvertently
1008 being made case-sensitive in Emacs 24.2.
1013 *** New commands, key binds, and menu items.
1015 **** '<' and '>' for navigating previous and next tracks in playlist
1017 **** New play/pause command 'mpc-toggle-play' bound to 's'
1019 **** 'g' bound to new command 'mpc-seek-current' will navigate current
1022 **** New commands 'mpc-toggle-{consume,repeat,single,shuffle}' for
1023 toggling playback modes.
1026 *** Now supports connecting to a UNIX domain socket.
1029 *** Looks at more image file names to use as album art.
1030 Case-insensitively tries for .folder.png (freedesktop) and folder.jpg
1031 (XP) in addition to cover.jpg.
1034 *** Searches in more locations for MPD configuration files.
1035 MPD supports the XDG base directory specification since version 0.17.6.
1040 *** 'midnight-mode' is now a proper minor mode.
1043 *** clean-buffer-*-regexps can now specify buffers via predicate functions.
1048 *** New "external" package status.
1049 An external package is any installed package that's not built-in and
1050 not from 'package-user-dir', which usually means it's from an entry in
1051 'package-directory-list'. They are treated much like built-in
1052 packages, in that they cannot be deleted through the package menu and
1053 are not considered for upgrades.
1055 The effect is that a user can manually place a specific version of a
1056 package inside 'package-directory-list' and the package menu will
1057 always respect that.
1060 *** If a package is available on multiple archives and one has higher
1061 priority (as per 'package-archive-priorities') only that one is
1062 listed. This can be configured with 'package-menu-hide-low-priority'.
1065 *** 'package-menu-toggle-hiding' now toggles the hiding of packages.
1066 This includes the above-mentioned low-priority packages, as well as
1067 available packages whose version is lower than the currently installed
1068 version (which were previously impossible to display).
1069 This allows users to downgrade a package if a lower version is
1073 *** When filtering the package menu, keywords starting with "arc:" or
1074 "status:" represent package archive or status, respectively, instead
1078 *** Most functions which involve downloading information now take an
1079 ASYNC argument. If it is non-nil, package.el performs the download(s)
1083 *** New variable 'package-menu-async' controls whether the
1084 package-menu uses asynchronous downloads.
1087 *** 'package-install-from-buffer' and 'package-install-file' work on directories.
1088 This follows the same rules as installing from a .tar file, except the
1089 -pkg file is optional.
1092 *** Packages which are dependencies of other packages cannot be deleted.
1093 The FORCE argument to 'package-delete' overrides this.
1096 *** New custom variable 'package-selected-packages' tracks packages
1097 which were installed by the user (as opposed to installed as
1098 dependencies). This variable can also be manually customized.
1101 *** New command 'package-install-selected-packages' installs all
1102 packages from 'package-selected-packages' which are currently missing.
1105 *** 'package-install' function now takes a DONT-SELECT argument. If
1106 this function is called interactively or if DONT-SELECT is nil, add the
1107 package being installed to 'package-selected-packages'.
1110 *** New command 'package-autoremove' removes all packages which were
1111 installed strictly as dependencies but are no longer needed.
1116 When you invoke 'shell' interactively, the '*shell*' buffer will now
1117 display in a new window. However, you can customize this behavior via
1118 the 'display-buffer-alist' variable. For example, to get
1119 the old behavior -- '*shell*' buffer displays in current window -- use
1120 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
1121 '("^\\*shell\\*$" . (display-buffer-same-window))).
1125 *** The ':protection' slot option is not obeyed any more.
1127 *** The 'newname' argument to constructors is optional&deprecated.
1128 If you need your objects to be named, do it by inheriting from 'eieio-named'.
1130 *** The <class>-list-p and <class>-child-p functions are declared obsolete.
1132 *** The <class> variables are declared obsolete.
1134 *** The <initarg> variables are declared obsolete.
1136 *** defgeneric and defmethod are declared obsolete.
1137 Use the equivalent facilities from cl-generic.el instead.
1139 *** 'constructor' is now an obsolete alias for 'make-instance'.
1141 *** 'pcase' accepts a new UPattern 'eieio'.
1146 *** New command 'ido-bury-buffer-at-head' bound to 'C-S-b'.
1147 Bury the buffer at the head of 'ido-matches', analogous to how 'C-k'
1148 kills the buffer at head.
1151 *** A prefix argument to 'ido-restrict-to-matches' will reverse its
1152 meaning, and the list is restricted to those elements that do not
1153 match the current input.
1158 *** You can use <UP> and <DOWN> arrow keys to move through history by lines.
1159 The new commands 'next-line-or-history-element' and
1160 'previous-line-or-history-element', bound to <UP> and <DOWN> in the
1161 minibuffer, allow by-line movement through minibuffer history,
1162 similarly to an ordinary buffer. Only when point moves over
1163 the bottom/top of the minibuffer it goes to the next/previous history
1164 element. 'M-p' and 'M-n' still move directly to previous/next history
1167 ** Search and Replace
1170 *** 'isearch' and 'query-replace' can now perform character folding in matches.
1171 This is analogous to case folding, but instead of disregarding case
1172 variants, it disregards wider classes of distinctions between similar
1173 characters. (Case folding is a special case of character folding.)
1174 This means many characters in the search string will match entire
1175 groups of characters instead of just themselves.
1177 For instance, the ASCII double quote character " will match all
1178 variants of double quotes, and the letter 'a' will match all of its
1179 accented cousins, even those composed of multiple characters, as well
1180 as many other symbols like U+249C (PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER
1183 Character folding is enabled by customizing 'search-default-mode' to
1184 the value 'char-fold-to-regexp'. You can also toggle character
1185 folding in the middle of a search by typing 'M-s ''.
1187 'query-replace' honors character folding if the new variable
1188 'replace-char-fold' is customized to a non-nil value.
1191 *** New user option 'search-default-mode'.
1192 This option specifies the default mode for Isearch. The default
1193 value, nil specifies that Isearch does literal searches (however,
1194 'case-fold-search' and 'isearch-lax-whitespace' may still be applied,
1195 as in previous Emacs versions).
1198 *** New function 'char-fold-to-regexp' can be used
1199 by searching commands to produce a regexp matching anything that
1200 char-folds into STRING.
1203 *** The new 'M-s M-w' key binding uses eww to search the web for the
1204 text in the region. The search engine to use for this is specified by
1205 the customizable variable 'eww-search-prefix'.
1208 *** 'query-replace' history is enhanced.
1209 When 'query-replace' reads the FROM string from the minibuffer, typing
1210 'M-p' will now show previous replacements as "FROM SEP TO", where FROM
1211 and TO are the original text and its replacement, and SEP is an arrow
1212 string defined by the new variable 'query-replace-from-to-separator'.
1213 To select a prior replacement, type 'M-p' until the desired
1214 replacement appears in the minibuffer, and then exit the minibuffer by
1219 *** If 'quick-calc' is called with a prefix argument, insert the
1220 result of the calculation into the current buffer.
1223 ** In Edebug, you can now set the initial mode with 'C-x C-a C-m'.
1224 With this you can tell Edebug not to stop at the start of the first
1225 instrumented function.
1230 *** New minor mode 'global-eldoc-mode'.
1231 It is turned on by default, and affects '*scratch*' and other buffers
1232 whose major mode supports Emacs Lisp.
1235 *** 'eldoc-documentation-function' now defaults to 'ignore'.
1238 *** 'describe-char-eldoc' displays information about character at point,
1239 and can be used as a default value of 'eldoc-documentation-function'. It is
1240 useful when, for example, one needs to distinguish various spaces - e.g.,
1241 U+00A0 (NO-BREAK SPACE), U+2002 (EN SPACE), and U+2009 (THIN SPACE) - while
1242 using mono-spaced font.
1247 *** HTML can now be rendered using variable-width fonts.
1250 *** A new command 'F' ('eww-toggle-fonts') can be used to toggle
1251 whether to use variable-pitch fonts or not. The user can also
1252 customize the 'shr-use-fonts' variable.
1255 *** A new command 'R' ('eww-readable') will try do identify the main
1256 textual parts of a web page and display only that, leaving menus and
1257 the like off the page.
1260 *** A new command 'D' ('eww-toggle-paragraph-direction') allows you to
1261 toggle the paragraph direction between left-to-right and right-to-left.
1264 *** You can now use several eww buffers in parallel by renaming eww
1265 buffers you want to keep separate.
1268 *** Partial state of the eww buffers (the URIs and the titles of the
1269 pages visited) is now preserved in the desktop file.
1272 *** 'eww-after-render-hook' is now called after eww has rendered
1273 the data in the buffer.
1276 *** The 'eww-reload' command now takes a prefix to not reload via
1277 the net, but just use the local copy of the HTML.
1280 *** The DOM shr and eww uses has been changed to the general Emacs
1281 xml.el/libxml2 DOM, and a new package dom.el has been added to
1282 interact with this DOM. See the Emacs Lisp manual for interface
1286 *** 'mailcap-mime-data' is now consulted when displaying PDF files.
1289 *** The new 'S' command will list all eww buffers, and allow managing
1293 *** https pages with valid certificates have headers marked in green, while
1294 invalid certificates are marked in red.
1299 *** text/html messages that contain inline image parts will be
1300 transformed into multipart/related messages before sending.
1303 ** In Show Paren Mode, a parenthesis can be highlighted when point
1304 stands inside it, and certain parens can be highlighted when point is
1305 at BOL or EOL, or in whitespace there. To enable these, customize,
1306 respectively, 'show-paren-when-point-inside-paren' or
1307 'show-paren-when-point-in-periphery'.
1310 ** If gpg2 exists on the system, it is now used as the default value
1311 of 'epg-gpg-program' (instead of gpg).
1316 *** Strings after ':documentation' are highlighted as docstrings.
1317 This enhances Lisp mode fontification to handle documentation of the
1318 form '(:documentation "the doc string")' used in Common Lisp code for
1319 CLOS class and slot documentation.
1321 ** Rectangle editing
1324 *** Rectangle Mark mode can have corners past EOL or in the middle of a TAB.
1327 *** 'C-x C-x' in 'rectangle-mark-mode' now cycles through the four corners.
1328 *** 'string-rectangle' provides on-the-fly preview of the result.
1331 ** New font-lock functions 'font-lock-ensure' and 'font-lock-flush'.
1332 These should be used in preference to 'font-lock-fontify-buffer' when
1336 ** Macro 'minibuffer-with-setup-hook' can optionally append a function
1337 to 'minibuffer-setup-hook'.
1339 If the first argument of the macro is of the form '(:append FUN)',
1340 then FUN will be appended to 'minibuffer-setup-hook', instead of
1345 *** New functions 'cl-fresh-line', 'cl-digit-char-p', and 'cl-parse-integer'.
1348 *** 'pcase' accepts the new UPattern 'cl-struct'.
1350 ** Calendar and diary
1353 *** The default 'diary-file' is now located in "~/.emacs.d".
1356 *** New commands to insert diary entries with Chinese dates:
1357 'diary-chinese-insert-anniversary-entry' 'diary-chinese-insert-entry'
1358 'diary-chinese-insert-monthly-entry', 'diary-chinese-insert-yearly-entry'.
1361 *** The calendar can now list and mark diary entries with Chinese dates.
1362 See 'diary-chinese-list-entries' and 'diary-chinese-mark-entries'.
1365 *** The option 'calendar-mode-line-format' can now be nil,
1366 which means to do nothing special with the mode line in calendars.
1369 *** New option 'calendar-weekend-days'.
1370 The option customizes which day headers receive the
1371 'calendar-weekend-header' face.
1374 *** New optional args N and STRING for 'holiday-greek-orthodox-easter'.
1377 *** Many items obsolete since at least version 23.1 have been removed.
1378 The majority were function/variable/face aliases, too numerous to list here.
1381 **** Functions 'calendar-one-frame-setup', 'calendar-only-one-frame-setup',
1382 'calendar-two-frame-setup', 'european-calendar', 'american-calendar'.
1384 **** Hooks 'cal-menu-load-hook', 'cal-x-load-hook'.
1386 **** Macro 'calendar-for-loop'.
1388 **** Variables 'european-calendar-style', 'diary-face', 'hebrew-holidays-{1,4}'.
1390 **** The nil and list forms of 'diary-display-function'.
1393 ** New ERT function 'ert-summarize-tests-batch-and-exit'.
1394 If the output of ERT tests in batch mode execution can be saved to a
1395 log file, then it can be passed as an argument to the above function
1396 to produce a neat summary.
1399 ** New js.el option 'js-indent-first-init'.
1404 ** Info mode now displays symbol names in fixed-pitch font.
1405 If you want to get the old behavior back, customize the 'Info-quoted'
1406 face to use the same definitions as the default face.
1409 *** 'Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size' can be t for no limit.
1412 *** 'info-display-manual' can now be given a prefix argument which (any
1413 non-nil value) directs the command to limit the completion
1414 alternatives to currently visited manuals.
1417 ** ntlm.el has support for NTLM2.
1422 *** The Rmail commands 'd', 'C-d' and 'u' take optional repeat counts
1423 to delete or undelete multiple messages.
1426 *** Rmail can now render HTML mail messages if your Emacs was built with
1427 libxml2 or if you have the Lynx browser installed. By default, Rmail
1428 will display the HTML version of a mail message that has both HTML and
1429 plain text parts, if display of HTML email is possible; customize the
1430 'rmail-mime-prefer-html' option to nil if you don't want that.
1433 *** In the commands that make summaries by subject, recipients, or senders,
1434 you can no longer use commas to separate regular expressions.
1437 ** SES now supports local printer functions; see 'ses-define-local-printer'.
1439 ** Shell-script Mode
1441 *** In sh-mode you can now use 'sh-shell' as a file-local variable to
1442 specify the type of shell in use (bash, csh, etc).
1445 *** New value 'always' for 'sh-indent-after-continuation'.
1446 This provides old-style ("dumb") indentation of continued lines.
1447 See the doc string of 'sh-indent-after-continuation' for details.
1451 *** Fatal TLS errors are now silent by default.
1454 *** If Emacs isn't built with TLS support, an external TLS-capable
1455 program is used instead. This program used to be run in --insecure
1456 mode by default, but has now changed to be secure instead, and will
1457 fail if you try to connect to non-verifiable hosts. This is
1458 controlled by the 'tls-program' variable.
1463 *** The URL package accepts now the protocols "ssh", "scp" and "rsync".
1464 When 'url-handler-mode' is enabled, file operations for these
1465 protocols as well as for "telnet" and "ftp" are passed to Tramp.
1468 *** The URL package allows customizing the 'url-user-agent' string.
1469 The new 'url-user-agent' variable can be customized to be a string or
1473 *** The new interface variable 'url-request-noninteractive' can be used
1474 to specify that we're running in a noninteractive context, and that
1475 we should not be queried about things like TLS certificate validity.
1478 *** 'url-mime-accept-string' can now be used as in "interface"
1479 variable, meaning you can bind it around an 'url-retrieve' call.
1482 *** If URL is used with a https connection, the first callback argument
1483 PLIST will contain a :peer element that has the output of
1484 'gnutls-peer-status' (if Emacs is built with GnuTLS support).
1489 *** New connection method "afp", which allows you to access Mac OS X
1490 volumes via the Apple Filing Protocol.
1493 *** New connection method "nc", which allows you to access dumb
1497 *** Method-specific parameters can be overwritten now with variable
1498 'tramp-connection-properties'.
1501 *** Handler for 'file-notify-valid-p' for remote machines that support
1502 filesystem notifications.
1507 *** New user variable 'sql-default-directory' enables remote
1508 connections using Tramp.
1511 *** New command 'sql-send-line-and-next'.
1512 This command, bound to 'C-c C-n' by default, sends the current line to
1513 the SQL process and advances to the next line, skipping whitespace and
1517 *** Added support for Vertica SQL.
1519 ** VC and related modes
1522 *** Basic push support, via 'vc-push', bound to 'C-x v P'.
1523 Implemented for Bzr, Git, Hg. As part of this change, the pre-existing
1524 (undocumented) command 'vc-hg-push' now behaves slightly differently.
1527 *** The new command 'vc-region-history' shows the log+diff of the active region.
1530 *** You can refresh the VC state of a file buffer with 'M-x vc-refresh-state'.
1531 This command is useful when you perform version control commands
1532 outside Emacs (e.g., from the shell prompt), or if you switch the VC
1533 back-end for the buffer's file, or remove it from version control.
1536 *** New option 'vc-annotate-background-mode' controls whether
1537 the color range from 'vc-annotate-color-map' is applied to the
1538 background or to the foreground.
1541 *** New options for customizing encoding of Git commit log messages.
1542 The new user options 'vc-git-commits-coding-system' and
1543 'vc-git-log-output-coding-system' specify the encoding of log messages
1544 sent to Git when committing, and the decoding of log messages read
1545 from Git history commands. These options default to UTF-8; if
1546 customized, they should be consistent with the Git config variables
1547 i18n.commitEncoding and i18n.logOutputEncoding.
1548 ('vc-git-commits-coding-system' existed previously, but was a
1549 variable, not a user option.)
1552 *** 'compare-windows' now compares text with the most recently selected window
1553 instead of the next window. If you want the previous behavior of
1554 comparing with the next window, customize the new option
1555 'compare-windows-get-window-function' to the value
1556 'compare-windows-get-next-window'.
1559 *** Two new faces 'compare-windows-removed' and 'compare-windows-added'
1560 replace the face 'compare-windows', which is now an obsolete alias for
1561 'compare-windows-added'.
1564 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now has different faces
1565 corresponding to each of the possible states. See the 'vc-faces'
1566 customization group.
1569 *** 'log-edit-insert-changelog' converts "(tiny change)" to
1570 "Copyright-paperwork-exempt: yes". Set 'log-edit-rewrite-tiny-change'
1571 nil to disable this.
1574 *** vc-mcvs.el has been removed.
1577 ** VHDL mode now supports VHDL'08.
1582 *** Decimal display mode uses "," groups, so it's more
1583 fitting for use in money calculations
1586 *** Factorial works with non-integer inputs.
1591 *** Hide-IfDef mode now support full C/C++ expressions in macros,
1592 macro argument expansion, interactive macro evaluation and automatic
1593 scanning of #define'd symbols.
1596 *** New command 'hif-evaluate-macro', bound to 'C-c @ e', displays the
1597 result of evaluating a macro.
1600 *** New command 'hif-clear-all-ifdef-define', bound to 'C-c @ C', clears
1601 all defined symbols in 'hide-ifdef-env'.
1604 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-header-regexp' to define C/C++ header
1605 file name patterns. Defaults to files whose extension is one of '.h',
1606 '.hh', '.hpp', '.hxx', or '.h++', matched case-insensitively.
1609 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-expand-reinclusion-protection' to prevent
1610 reinclusion protected (a.k.a. "idempotent") header files from being hidden.
1611 (This could happen when an idempotent header file is visited again,
1612 when its guard symbol is already defined.) Defaults to t.
1615 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-exclude-define-regexp' to define symbol
1616 name patterns (e.g. all "FOR_DOXYGEN_ONLY_*") to be ignored when
1617 looking for macro definitions. By default, no symbols are ignored.
1622 *** New custom variable 'tex-print-file-extension' to help users who
1623 use PDF instead of DVI.
1626 *** TeX mode now supports Prettify Symbols mode. When enabling
1627 'prettify-symbols-mode' in a tex-mode buffer, \alpha ... \omega, and
1628 many other math macros are displayed using unicode characters.
1631 ** New 'big-indent' style in 'whitespace-mode' highlights deep indentation.
1632 By default, 32 consecutive spaces or four consecutive TABs are
1633 considered to be too deep, but the new variable
1634 'whitespace-big-indent-regexp' can be customized to change that.
1637 ** New options in 'tildify-mode'.
1638 New options 'tildify-space-string', 'tildify-pattern', and
1639 'tildify-foreach-region-function' variables make
1640 'tildify-string-alist', 'tildify-pattern-alist', and
1641 'tildify-ignored-environments-alist' variables (as well as a few
1642 helper functions) obsolete.
1645 ** New package Xref replaces Etags's front-end and UI.
1647 The new package Xref provides a generic framework and new commands to
1648 find and move to definitions of functions, macros, data structures
1649 etc., as well as go back to the location where you were before moving
1650 to a definition. It supersedes and obsoletes many Etags commands,
1651 while still using the etags.el code that reads the TAGS tables as one
1654 The command 'xref-find-definitions' replaces 'find-tag' and provides
1655 an interface to pick one definition among several.
1656 'tags-loop-continue' is now unbound. 'xref-pop-marker-stack' replaces
1657 'pop-tag-mark', but has a keybinding ('M-,') different from the one
1658 'pop-tag-mark' used.
1660 'xref-find-definitions-other-window' replaces 'find-tag-other-window'.
1661 'xref-find-definitions-other-frame' replaces 'find-tag-other-frame'.
1662 'xref-find-apropos' replaces 'find-tag-regexp'.
1664 As a result of this, the following commands are now obsolete:
1665 'find-tag-other-window', 'find-tag-other-frame', 'find-tag-regexp',
1668 'tags-loop-continue' is not obsolete because it's still useful in
1669 'tags-search' and 'tags-query-replace', for which there are no direct
1673 *** Variants of 'tags-search' and 'tags-query-replace' in Dired were also
1674 replaced by xref-style commands, see the "Dired" section below.
1679 'find-tag-marker-ring-length' is now an obsolete alias for
1680 'xref-marker-ring-length'. 'find-tag-marker-ring' is now an obsolete
1681 alias for a private variable. 'xref-push-marker-stack' and
1682 'xref-pop-marker-stack' should be used instead to manipulate the stack
1683 of searches for definitions.
1686 *** 'xref-find-definitions' and 'describe-function' now display
1687 information about mode local overrides (defined by cedet/mode-local.el
1688 'define-overloadable-function' 'define-mode-local-overrides').
1690 The framework's Lisp API is still experimental and can change in major,
1691 backward-incompatible ways.
1694 ** New package Project
1696 The new package Project provides generic infrastructure for dealing
1697 with projects. The main commands included in it are
1698 'project-find-file' and 'project-find-regexp'.
1700 The Lisp API of this package is still experimental.
1703 EUDC's LDAP backend has been improved.
1706 *** EUDC supports LDAP-over-SSL URLs (ldaps://).
1709 *** EUDC passes LDAP passwords through a pipe to the ldapsearch
1710 subprocess instead of on the command line.
1713 *** EUDC handles LDAP wildcards automatically so the user shouldn't
1714 need to configure this manually anymore.
1717 *** The LDAP configuration section of EUDC's manual has been
1720 There have also been customization changes.
1723 *** New custom variable 'eudc-server-hotlist' to allow specifying
1724 multiple EUDC servers in init file.
1727 *** Custom variable 'eudc-inline-query-format' defaults to completing
1728 on email and firstname instead of surname.
1731 *** Custom variable 'eudc-expansion-overwrites-query' defaults to nil
1732 to avoid interfering with the kill ring.
1735 *** Custom variable 'eudc-inline-expansion-format' defaults to
1736 "Firstname Surname <mail-address>".
1739 *** Custom variable 'eudc-options-file' defaults to
1740 "~/.emacs.d/eudc-options".
1743 *** New custom variable 'ldap-ldapsearch-password-prompt-regexp' to
1744 allow overriding the regular expression that recognizes the ldapsearch
1745 command line's password prompt.
1748 EUDC's BBDB backend now supports BBDB 3.
1751 EUDC's PH backend (eudcb-ph.el) is obsolete.
1756 *** The new built-in command 'clear' can scroll window contents out of sight.
1757 If provided with an optional non-nil argument, the scrollback contents
1761 *** New buffer syntax '#<buffer-name>', which is equivalent to
1762 '#<buffer buffer-name>'. This shorthand makes interacting with
1763 buffers from eshell more convenient. Custom variable
1764 'eshell-buffer-shorthand', which has been broken for a while, has been
1768 *** By default, eshell "visual" program buffers (created by
1769 'eshell-visual-commands' and similar custom vars) are no longer killed
1770 when their processes die. This fixes issues with short-lived commands
1771 and makes visual programs more useful in general. For example, if
1772 "git log" is a visual command, it will always show the visual command
1773 buffer, even if the "git log" process dies. For the old behavior,
1774 make the new option 'eshell-destroy-buffer-when-process-dies' non-nil.
1779 *** Support for the Google Chrome web browser.
1782 *** Support for the Conkeror web browser.
1785 *** Support for several ancient browsers is now officially obsolete.
1788 ** 'tar-mode': new 'tar-new-entry' command, allowing for new members to
1789 be added to the archive.
1794 *** Dired buffers are also auto-reverted via file notifications, if
1795 Emacs is compiled with file notification support.
1798 *** 'auto-revert-use-notify' is set to nil in 'global-auto-revert-mode'.
1799 See <http://debbugs.gnu.org/22814>.
1801 ** File Notifications
1804 *** The kqueue library is integrated for *BSD and Mac OS X machines.
1807 *** The new event 'stopped' signals, that a file notification watch is
1808 not active any longer.
1811 *** The new function 'file-notify-valid-p' checks, whether a file
1812 notification descriptor still corresponds to an activate watch.
1817 *** The command 'dired-do-compress', bound to 'Z', now can compress
1818 directories and decompress zip files.
1821 *** New command 'dired-do-compress-to', bound to 'c', can be used to
1822 compress many marked files into a single named archive. The
1823 compression command is determined from the new
1824 'dired-compress-files-alist' variable.
1827 *** New user interface for the 'A' and 'Q' commands.
1828 These keys, now bound to 'dired-do-find-regexp' and
1829 'dired-do-find-regexp-and-replace', work similarly to 'xref-find-apropos'
1830 and 'xref-query-replace-in-results': they present the matches
1831 in the '*xref*' buffer and let you move through the matches. No need
1832 to use 'tags-loop-continue' to resume the search or replace loop. The
1833 previous commands, 'dired-do-search' and
1834 'dired-do-query-replace-regexp', are still available, but not bound to
1835 keys; rebind 'A' and 'Q' to invoke them if you want the old behavior
1836 back. We intend to obsolete the old commands in a future release.
1838 ** Tabulated List Mode
1841 *** It is now safe for a mode that derives 'tabulated-list-mode' to not
1842 call 'tabulated-list-init-header', in which case it will have no
1846 *** 'tabulated-list-print' takes a second optional argument, UPDATE,
1847 which specifies an alternative printing method which is faster when
1848 few or no entries have changed.
1850 ** Obsolete packages
1856 *** landmark.el (moved to elpa.gnu.org)
1859 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
1862 ** pinentry.el allows GnuPG passphrase to be prompted through the
1863 minibuffer instead of a graphical dialog, depending on whether the gpg
1864 command is called from Emacs (i.e., INSIDE_EMACS environment variable
1865 is set). This feature requires newer versions of GnuPG (2.1.5 or
1866 later) and Pinentry (0.9.5 or later). To use this feature, add
1867 "allow-emacs-pinentry" to "~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf" and reload the
1868 configuration with "gpgconf --reload gpg-agent".
1871 ** cl-generic.el provides CLOS-style multiple-dispatch generic functions.
1872 The main entry points are 'cl-defgeneric' and 'cl-defmethod'. See the
1873 node "Generic Functions" in the Emacs Lisp manual for more details.
1876 ** 'scss-mode' (a minor variant of 'css-mode') is a major mode for editing
1877 SCSS (Sassy CSS) files.
1880 ** 'let-alist' is a new macro (and a package) that allows one to easily
1881 let-bind the values stored in an alist.
1884 ** 'tildify-mode' allows automatic insertion of hard spaces as one
1885 types the text. Breaking line after a single-character words is
1886 forbidden by Czech and Polish typography (and may be discouraged in
1887 other languages), so 'auto-tildify-mode' makes it easier to create
1888 a typographically-correct documents.
1891 ** The 'seq' library adds sequence manipulation functions and macros
1892 that complement basic functions provided by subr.el. All functions
1893 are prefixed with 'seq-' and work on lists, strings and vectors.
1894 'pcase' accepts a new Upattern 'seq'.
1897 ** The 'map' library provides map-manipulation functions that work on
1898 alists, hash-table and arrays. All functions are prefixed with
1899 'map-'. 'pcase' accepts a new UPattern 'map'.
1902 ** The 'thunk' library provides functions and macros to control the
1903 evaluation of forms.
1906 ** 'js-jsx-mode' (a minor variant of 'js-mode') provides indentation
1907 support for JSX, an XML-like syntax extension to ECMAScript.
1910 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
1913 ** 'setq' and 'setf' must now be called with an even number of
1914 arguments. The earlier behavior of silently supplying a nil to the
1915 last variable when there was an odd number of arguments has been
1919 ** 'syntax-begin-function' is declared obsolete.
1920 Removed 'font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function' and the SYNTAX-BEGIN
1921 slot in 'font-lock-defaults'.
1924 ** The new implementation of Subword mode affects word movement everywhere.
1925 When Subword mode is turned on, 'forward-word', 'backward-word', and
1926 everything that uses them will move by sub-words, effectively
1927 overriding the buffer's syntax table. Lisp programs that shouldn't be
1928 affected by Subword mode should call the new functions
1929 'forward-word-strictly' and 'backward-word-strictly' instead.
1932 ** 'package-initialize' now sets 'package-enable-at-startup' to nil if
1933 called during startup. Users who call this function in their init
1934 file and still expect it to be run after startup should set
1935 'package-enable-at-startup' to t after the call to
1936 'package-initialize'.
1939 ** ':global' minor mode use 'setq-default' rather than 'setq'.
1940 This means that you can't use 'make-local-variable' and expect them to
1941 "magically" become buffer-local.
1944 ** 'track-mouse' no longer freezes the shape of the mouse pointer.
1945 The 'track-mouse' form no longer refrains from changing the shape of
1946 the mouse pointer for the entire time the body of that form is
1947 executed. Lisp programs that use 'track-mouse' for dragging across
1948 large portions of the Emacs display, and want to avoid changes in the
1949 pointer shape during dragging, should bind the variable 'track-mouse'
1950 to the special value 'dragging' in the body of the form.
1953 ** The optional PREDICATE argument of 'lisp-complete-symbol' no longer
1954 has any effect. (This change was made in Emacs 24.4 but was not
1955 advertised at the time.)
1958 ** 'indirect-function' does not signal 'void-function' any more.
1959 This is mostly a bug-fix, since this change was missed back in 24.4 when
1960 'symbol-function' was changed not to signal 'void-function' any more.
1963 *** As a consequence, the second arg of 'indirect-function' is now obsolete.
1966 ** 'M-x shell' and 'M-x compile' no longer set the EMACS environment variable.
1967 This avoids clashing when other programs use the variable for other purposes.
1968 Although 'M-x term' still sets EMACS for compatibility with Bash 4.3
1969 and earlier, this is deprecated and will be phased out when Bash 4.4
1970 or later takes over. Use the INSIDE_EMACS environment variable instead.
1973 ** 'save-excursion' does not save&restore the mark any more.
1974 Use 'save-mark-and-excursion' if you want the old behavior.
1977 ** 'read-buffer' and 'read-buffer-function' can now be called with a 4th
1978 argument (PREDICATE).
1981 ** 'completion-table-dynamic' by default stays in the minibuffer.
1982 The minibuffer will be the current buffer when the function is called.
1983 If you want the old behavior of calling the function in the buffer
1984 from which the minibuffer was entered, use the new argument
1985 SWITCH-BUFFER to 'completion-table-dynamic'.
1988 ** window-configurations no longer record the buffers' marks.
1991 ** 'inhibit-modification-hooks' now also inhibits lock-file checks, as
1992 well as active region handling.
1995 ** 'deactivate-mark' is now buffer-local.
1998 ** 'cl-the' now asserts that its argument is of the given type.
2001 ** 'process-running-child-p' may now return a numeric process
2002 group ID instead of t.
2005 ** Mouse click events on mode line or header line no longer include
2006 any reference to a buffer position. The 6th member of the mouse
2007 position list returned for such events is now nil.
2010 ** Menu items in keymaps do not support the "key shortcut cache" any more.
2011 These slots used to hold key-shortcut data, but have been obsolete since
2015 ** Emacs no longer downcases the first letter of a system diagnostic
2016 when signaling a file error. For example, it now reports "Permission
2017 denied" instead of "permission denied". The old behavior was problematic
2018 in languages like German where downcasing rules depend on grammar.
2021 ** New variable 'text-quoting-style' to control how Emacs translates quotes.
2022 Set it to 'curve' for curved single quotes, to 'straight' for straight
2023 apostrophes, and to 'grave' for grave accent and apostrophe. The
2024 default value nil acts like 'curve' if curved single quotes are
2025 displayable, and like 'grave' otherwise. The new variable affects
2026 display of diagnostics and help, but not of info. As the variable is
2027 not intended for casual use, it is not a user option.
2030 ** Message-issuing functions like 'message' and 'error' now translate
2031 various sorts of single quotes in their format strings according to
2032 the value of 'text-quoting-style' (see above). This translation
2033 cannot be disabled. To get the old behavior, use 'format', which is
2034 not affected by 'text-quoting-style', e.g., (message "%s" (format
2038 ** 'substitute-command-keys' now replaces quotes.
2039 That is, it converts documentation strings' quoting style as per the
2040 value of 'text-quoting-style'. Doc strings in source code can use
2041 either curved single quotes or grave accents and apostrophes. As
2042 before, characters preceded by \= are output as-is.
2045 ** The character classes [:alpha:] and [:alnum:] in regular expressions
2046 now match multibyte characters using Unicode character properties.
2047 If you want the old behavior where they matched any character with
2048 word syntax, use '\sw' instead.
2051 ** The character classes [:graph:] and [:print:] in regular expressions
2052 no longer match every multibyte character. Instead, Emacs now
2053 consults the Unicode character properties to determine which
2054 characters are graphic or printable. In particular, surrogates and
2055 unassigned codepoints are now rejected. If you want the old behavior,
2056 use [:multibyte:] instead.
2059 ** The 'diff' command uses the unified format now. To restore the old
2060 behavior, set 'diff-switches' to '-c'.
2063 ** 'grep-template' and 'grep-find-template' values don't include the
2064 --color argument anymore. It's added at the <C> place holder position
2065 dynamically. Any third-party code that changes these templates should
2066 be updated accordingly.
2069 ** '(/ N)' is now equivalent to '(/ 1 N)' rather than to '(/ N 1)'.
2070 The new behavior is compatible with Common Lisp and with XEmacs.
2071 This change does not affect Lisp code intended to be portable to
2072 Emacs 24.2 and earlier, which did not support unary '/'.
2075 ** The 'default-directory' value doesn't have to end slash. To make
2076 that happen, 'unhandled-file-name-directory' now defaults to calling
2077 'file-name-as-directory'.
2080 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
2084 *** New UPatterns 'quote', 'app'.
2086 *** New UPatterns can be defined with 'pcase-defmacro'.
2088 *** New vector QPattern.
2091 ** 'syntax-propertize' is now automatically called on-demand during forward
2092 parsing functions like 'forward-sexp'.
2095 ** New hooks 'prefix-command-echo-keystrokes-functions' and
2096 'prefix-command-preserve-state-hook' allow the definition of prefix
2097 commands other than the predefined 'C-u'.
2100 ** New functions 'filepos-to-bufferpos' and 'bufferpos-to-filepos'.
2101 These allow conversion between buffer positions and the corresponding
2102 file byte offsets, given the file's encoding.
2105 ** The default value of 'load-read-function' is now 'read'.
2106 Previously, the default value of nil implied using 'read'.
2109 ** New hook 'pre-redisplay-functions'.
2110 It is a bit easier to use than 'pre-redisplay-function'.
2113 ** The second arg of 'looking-back' should always be provided explicitly.
2114 Previously, it was an optional argument, now it's mandatory.
2117 ** Text properties 'intangible', 'point-entered', and 'point-left' are obsolete.
2118 Replaced by properties 'cursor-intangible' and 'cursor-sensor-functions',
2119 implemented by the new 'cursor-intangible-mode' and
2120 'cursor-sensor-mode' minor modes.
2123 ** 'inhibit-point-motion-hooks' now defaults to t and is obsolete.
2124 Use the new minor modes 'cursor-intangible-mode' and
2125 'cursor-sensor-mode' instead.
2128 ** New process type 'pipe', which can be used in combination with the
2129 ':stderr' keyword of 'make-process' to handle standard error output
2133 ** New function 'make-process' provides an alternative interface to
2134 'start-process'. It allows programs to set process parameters such as
2135 process filter, sentinel, etc., through keyword arguments (similar to
2136 'make-network-process').
2139 ** Subprocesses are automatically told about changes in window dimensions.
2140 The new option 'window-adjust-process-window-size-function' controls
2141 how subprocesses are told to adapt their logical window sizes to
2142 changes in the Emacs window configuration. Its default value calls
2143 'set-process-window-size' with the smallest dimensions of all the
2144 windows that display the subprocess's buffer.
2147 ** A new function 'directory-files-recursively' returns all matching
2148 files (recursively) under a directory.
2151 ** New variable 'inhibit-message', when bound to non-nil, inhibits
2152 'message' and related functions from displaying messages in the echo
2153 area. The output is still logged to the '*Messages*' buffer.
2156 ** A new text property 'inhibit-read-only' can be used in read-only
2157 buffers to allow certain parts of the text to be writable.
2160 ** A new variable 'comment-end-can-be-escaped' is useful in languages
2161 such as C and C++ where line comments with escaped newlines are
2162 continued to the next line.
2165 ** New macro 'define-advice'.
2168 ** Emacs Lisp now supports generators.
2169 See the "Generators" section of the ELisp manual for the details.
2172 ** New finalizer facility for running code when objects become unreachable.
2173 See the "Finalizer Type" subsection in the ELisp manual for the
2177 ** Lexical closures can use '(:documentation FORM)' to build their docstring.
2178 It should be placed right where the docstring would be, and FORM is then
2179 evaluated (and should return a string) when the closure is built.
2182 ** 'define-inline' provides a new way to define inlinable functions.
2185 ** New function 'macroexpand-1' to perform a single step of macro expansion.
2188 ** Some "x-*" functions were obsoleted and/or renamed:
2189 *** 'x-select-text' is renamed 'gui-select-text'.
2190 *** 'x-selection-value' is renamed 'gui-selection-value'.
2191 *** 'x-get-selection' is renamed 'gui-get-selection'.
2192 *** 'x-get-clipboard' and 'x-clipboard-yank' are marked obsolete.
2193 *** 'x-get-selection-value' is renamed to 'gui-get-primary-selection'.
2194 *** 'x-set-selection' is renamed to 'gui-set-selection'.
2197 ** New function 'string-greaterp', which return the opposite result of
2201 ** The new functions 'string-collate-lessp' and 'string-collate-equalp'
2202 preserve the collation order as defined by the system's locale(1)
2203 environment. For the time being this is implemented for modern POSIX
2204 systems and for MS-Windows, for other systems they fall back to their
2205 counterparts 'string-lessp' and 'string-equal'.
2208 *** The ls-lisp package uses 'string-collate-lessp' to sort file names.
2209 The effect is that, on systems that use ls-lisp for Dired, the default
2210 sort order of the files in Dired is now different from what it was in
2211 previous versions of Emacs. In particular, the file names are sorted
2212 disregarding punctuation, accents, and diacritics, and letter case is
2213 ignored. For example, files whose name begin with a period will no
2214 longer appear near the beginning of the directory listing. If you
2215 want the old, locale-independent sorting, customize the new option
2216 'ls-lisp-use-string-collate' to the nil value.
2219 *** The MS-Windows specific variable 'w32-collate-ignore-punctuation',
2220 if set to a non-nil value, causes the above 2 functions to ignore
2221 symbol and punctuation characters when collating strings. This
2222 emulates the behavior of modern Posix platforms when the locale's
2223 codeset is "UTF-8" (as in "en_US.UTF-8"). This is needed because
2224 MS-Windows doesn't support UTF-8 as codeset in its locales.
2227 ** New function 'alist-get', which is a generalized variable
2228 suitable for use with 'setf'.
2231 ** New function 'funcall-interactively', which works like 'funcall'
2232 but makes 'called-interactively-p' treat the function as (you guessed it)
2233 called interactively.
2236 ** New function 'function-put' to use instead of 'put' for function properties.
2239 ** The new function 'bidi-find-overridden-directionality' allows you to
2240 find characters whose directionality was, perhaps maliciously,
2241 overridden by directional override control characters. Lisp programs
2242 can use this to detect potential phishing of URLs and other links that
2243 exploits bidirectional display reordering.
2246 ** The new function 'buffer-substring-with-bidi-context' allows you to
2247 copy a portion of a buffer into a different location while preserving
2248 the visual appearance both of the copied text and the text at
2249 destination, even when the copied text includes mixed bidirectional
2250 text and directional control characters.
2253 ** New properties that can be specified with 'declare':
2254 *** '(interactive-only INSTEAD)', says to use INSTEAD for non-interactive use.
2255 *** '(pure VAL)', if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function is pure.
2256 *** '(side-effect-free VAL)', if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function does not
2260 ** New macro 'with-file-modes', for evaluating expressions with default file
2261 permissions set to temporary values (e.g., for creating private files).
2264 ** You can access the slots of structures using 'cl-struct-slot-value'.
2267 ** Function 'sort' can deal with vectors.
2270 ** Function 'system-name' now returns an updated value if the current
2271 system's name has changed or if the Emacs process has changed systems.
2272 To avoid long waits it no longer consults DNS to canonicalize the name
2273 (in some cases this may affect generated message-id headers - customize
2274 'message-user-fqdn' if this bothers you). The variable 'system-name'
2278 ** Function 'write-region' no longer outputs "Wrote FILE" in batch mode.
2281 ** If 'pwd' is called with a prefix argument, insert the current default
2285 ** New functions return extended information about fonts and faces.
2288 *** The function 'font-info' now returns more details about a font.
2289 In particular, it now returns the average width of the font's
2290 characters, which can be used for geometry-related calculations.
2293 *** A new function 'default-font-width' returns the average width of a
2294 character in the current buffer's default font. If the default face
2295 is remapped (see 'face-remapping-alist'), the value for the remapped
2296 face is returned. This function complements the existing function
2297 'default-font-height'.
2300 *** New functions 'window-font-height' and 'window-font-width' return
2301 the height and average width of characters in a specified face and
2302 window. If FACE is remapped (see 'face-remapping-alist'), the
2303 function returns the information for the remapped face.
2306 *** A new function 'window-max-chars-per-line' returns the maximal
2307 number of characters that can be displayed on one line. If a face
2308 and/or window are provided, these values are used for the
2309 calculation. This function is different from 'window-body-width' in
2310 that it accounts for (i) continuation glyphs, (ii) the size of the
2311 font, and (iii) the specified window.
2314 ** New utilities in subr-x.el:
2316 *** New macros 'if-let' and 'when-let' allow defining bindings and to
2317 execute code depending whether all values are true.
2319 *** New macros 'thread-first' and 'thread-last' allow threading a form
2320 as the first or last argument of subsequent forms.
2323 ** Documentation strings now support quoting with curved single quotes
2324 in addition to the old style with grave accent and apostrophe. The
2325 new style looks better on today's displays. In the new Electric Quote
2326 mode, you can enter curved single quotes into documentation by typing
2327 grave accent and apostrophe. Outside Electric Quote mode, you can
2328 enter them by typing 'C-x 8 [' and 'C-x 8 ]', or (if your Alt key
2329 works) by typing 'A-[' and 'A-]'. As described above under
2330 'text-quoting-style', the user can specify how to display doc string
2334 ** New function 'format-message' is like 'format' and also converts
2335 curved single quotes, grave accents and apostrophes as per
2336 'text-quoting-style'.
2339 ** 'show-help-function's arg is converted via 'substitute-command-keys'
2340 before being passed to the function. Help strings, help-echo
2341 properties, etc. can therefore contain command key escapes and
2345 ** Time-related changes:
2347 *** Time conversion functions now accept an optional ZONE argument
2348 that specifies the time zone rules for conversion. ZONE is omitted or
2349 nil for Emacs local time, t for Universal Time, 'wall' for system wall
2350 clock time, or a string as in the TZ environment variable. The
2351 affected functions are 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone',
2352 'decode-time', and 'format-time-string'. The function 'encode-time',
2353 which already accepted a simple time zone rule argument, has been
2354 extended to accept all the new forms.
2356 *** Incompatible change in the third argument of 'format-time-string'.
2357 Previously, any non-nil argument was interpreted as specifying Universal Time.
2358 This is no longer true; packages that want Universal Time should pass t
2359 as the third argument.
2361 *** Time-related functions now consistently accept numbers
2362 (representing seconds since the epoch) and nil (representing the
2363 current time) as well as the usual list-of-integer representation.
2364 Affected functions include 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone',
2365 'decode-time', 'float-time', 'format-time-string', 'seconds-to-time',
2366 'time-add', 'time-less-p', 'time-subtract', 'time-to-day-in-year',
2367 'time-to-days', and 'time-to-seconds'.
2369 *** The 'encode-time-value' and 'with-decoded-time-value' macros have
2372 *** 'calendar-next-time-zone-transition', 'time-add', and
2373 'time-subtract' no longer return time values in the obsolete and
2374 undocumented integer-pair format. Instead, they return a list of two
2378 ** New function 'set-binary-mode' allows switching a standard stream
2379 of the Emacs process to binary I/O mode.
2382 ** The new function 'directory-name-p' can be used to check whether a file
2383 name (as returned from, for instance, 'file-name-all-completions') is
2384 a directory file name. It returns non-nil if the last character in
2385 the name is a directory separator character (forward slash on GNU and
2386 Unix systems, forward- or backslash on MS-Windows and MS-DOS).
2389 ** ASCII approximations to curved quotes are put in 'standard-display-table'
2390 if the terminal cannot display curved quotes.
2393 ** Standard output and error streams now transliterate characters via
2394 'standard-display-table', and encode output using 'locale-coding-system'.
2395 To force a specific encoding, bind 'coding-system-for-write' to the
2396 coding-system of your choice when invoking functions like 'prin1' and
2400 ** New var 'truncate-string-ellipsis' to choose how to indicate truncation.
2403 ** New possible value for 'system-type': 'nacl'.
2404 This is used by Google's Native Client (NaCl).
2406 ** Miscellaneous name change
2409 For consistency with the usual Emacs spelling, the Lisp variable
2410 'hfy-optimisations' has been renamed to 'hfy-optimizations'.
2411 The old name should still work, as an obsolescent alias.
2413 ** Changes in Frame- and Window- Handling
2416 *** Emacs can now draw horizontal scroll bars on some platforms that
2417 provide toolkit scroll bars, namely Gtk+, Lucid, Motif and Windows.
2418 Horizontal scroll bars are turned off by default.
2420 **** New function 'horizontal-scroll-bars-available-p' telling whether
2421 horizontal scroll bars are available on the underlying system.
2423 **** New mode 'horizontal-scroll-bar-mode' to toggle horizontal scroll
2424 bars on all existing and future frames.
2426 **** New function 'toggle-horizontal-scroll-bar' to toggle horizontal
2427 scroll bars on the selected frame.
2429 **** New frame parameters 'horizontal-scroll-bars' and
2430 'scroll-bar-height' to set horizontal scroll bars and their height
2431 for individual frames and in 'default-frame-alist'.
2433 **** New functions 'frame-scroll-bar-height' and
2434 'window-scroll-bar-height' return the height of horizontal scroll
2435 bars on a specific frame or window.
2437 **** 'set-window-scroll-bars' now accepts five parameters where the last
2438 two specify height and type of the window's horizontal scroll bar.
2440 **** 'window-scroll-bars' now returns type and sizes of horizontal scroll
2443 **** New buffer-local variables 'horizontal-scroll-bar' and
2444 'scroll-bar-height'.
2447 *** New functions 'frame-geometry' and 'frame-edges' give access to a
2451 *** New functions 'mouse-absolute-pixel-position' and
2452 'set-mouse-absolute-pixel-position' get/set screen coordinates of the
2456 *** The function 'window-edges' now accepts three additional arguments to
2457 retrieve body, absolute and pixel edges of the window.
2460 *** The functions 'window-inside-edges', 'window-inside-pixel-edges' and
2461 'window-inside-absolute-pixel-edges' have been renamed to respectively
2462 'window-body-edges', 'window-body-pixel-edges' and
2463 'window-absolute-body-pixel-edges'. The old names are kept as aliases.
2466 *** New function 'window-absolute-pixel-position' to get the screen
2467 coordinates of a visible buffer position.
2470 *** The height of a frame's menu and tool bar are no longer counted in the
2471 frame's text height. This means that the text height stands only for
2472 the height of the frame's root window plus that of the echo area (if
2473 present). This was already the behavior for frames with external tool
2474 and menu bars (like in the Gtk builds) but has now been extended to all
2478 *** Frames now do not necessarily preserve the number of columns or lines
2479 they display when setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or
2480 scroll bars. In particular, maximized and fullscreen frames are
2481 conceptually never resized if such settings change. For fullheight and
2482 fullwidth frames, the behavior may depend on the toolkit used.
2484 **** New option 'frame-inhibit-implied-resize' if non-nil, means that
2485 setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or scroll bars of a
2486 specific frame does not resize that frame in order to preserve the
2487 number of columns or lines it displays.
2490 *** New function 'window-preserve-size' allows you to preserve the size of
2491 a window without "fixing" it. It's supported by 'fit-window-to-buffer',
2492 'temp-buffer-resize-mode' and 'display-buffer'.
2495 *** New 'display-buffer' action function 'display-buffer-use-some-frame'.
2496 This displays the buffer in an existing frame other than the current
2497 frame, and allows the caller to specify a frame predicate to exclude
2501 *** New minor mode 'window-divider-mode' and options
2502 'window-divider-default-places', 'window-divider-default-bottom-width'
2503 and 'window-divider-default-right-width'.
2506 *** The window displaying the '*Completions*' buffer with minibuffer
2507 completion candidates is now shown at the bottom of the selected
2508 frame. The size of that window is always as large as required to
2509 display all the candidates, except when limited by the minimum size
2510 of the other windows on that frame; those other windows are resized
2511 to provide space for the '*Completions*' display. The Emacs manual
2512 describes how to customize 'display-buffer-alist' to get back the old
2513 behavior, see the node "Temporary Displays" there.
2516 ** Tearoff menus and detachable toolbars for Gtk+ have been removed.
2517 Those features have been deprecated in Gtk+ for a long time.
2522 *** etags no longer qualifies class members by default.
2524 By default, 'etags' will not qualify class members for Perl and C-like
2525 object-oriented languages with their class names and namespaces, and
2526 will remove qualifications used explicitly in the code from the tag
2527 names it puts in TAGS files. This is so the etags.el back-end for
2528 'xref-find-definitions' is more accurate and produces less false
2531 Use --class-qualify (-Q) if you want the old default behavior of
2532 qualifying class members in C++, Java, Objective C, and Perl. Note
2533 that using -Q might make some class members become "unknown" to 'M-.'
2534 ('xref-find-definitions'); if so, you can use 'C-u M-.' to specify the
2535 qualified names by hand.
2538 *** New language Ruby
2540 Names of modules, classes, methods, functions, and constants are
2541 tagged. Overloaded operators are also tagged.
2545 Names of packages, functions, and types are tagged.
2548 *** Improved support for Lua
2550 Etags now tags functions even if the "function" keyword follows some
2551 whitespace at line beginning.
2554 * Changes in Emacs 25.1 on Non-Free Operating Systems
2557 ** MS-Windows specific Emacs build scripts are no longer in the distribution.
2558 This includes the makefile.w32-in files in various subdirectories, and
2559 the support files. The file nt/configure.bat now just tells the user
2560 to use the procedure described in nt/INSTALL, by running the Posix
2561 'configure' script in the top-level directory.
2564 ** Building Emacs for MS-Windows requires at least Windows XP
2565 or Windows Server 2003. The built binaries still run on all versions
2566 of Windows starting with Windows 9X.
2569 ** Emacs running on MS-Windows now supports the daemon mode.
2572 ** The byte counts in etags-generated TAGS files are now the same on
2573 MS-Windows as they are on other platforms.
2576 ** On OS X, configure creates a Cocoa ("Nextstep") build by default.
2577 Pass '--without-ns' to configure to create an X11 build, the old default.
2580 ** OS X 10.5 or older is no longer supported.
2583 ** OS X on PowerPC is no longer supported.
2586 ** New variable 'ns-use-fullscreen-animation' controls animation for
2587 non-native NS fullscreen. The default is nil. Set to t to enable
2588 animation when entering and leaving fullscreen. For native OSX fullscreen
2591 ** On the OS X Cocoa ("Nextstep") port, multicolor font (such as color
2592 emoji) display is disabled. This feature was accidentally added when
2593 Emacs 24.4 included the new Core Text based font backend code that was
2594 originally implemented for a non-mainline port. This will be enabled
2595 again once it is also implemented in Emacs on free operating systems.
2596 If some symbols, such as emoji, do not display, we suggest to install
2597 an appropriate font, such as Symbola; then they will be displayed,
2598 albeit without the color effects.
2601 ** The new function 'w32-application-type' returns the type of an
2602 MS-Windows application given the name of its executable program file.
2604 ** New variable 'w32-pipe-buffer-size'.
2605 It can be used to tune the size of the buffer of pipes created for
2606 communicating with subprocesses, when the program run by a subprocess
2607 exhibits unusual buffering behavior. Default is zero, which lets the
2608 OS use its default size.
2611 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2612 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
2614 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2615 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2616 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2617 (at your option) any later version.
2619 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2620 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2621 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2622 GNU General Public License for more details.
2624 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2625 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2631 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"