1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2006-06-04
2 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end for copying conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in emacs version 22.
11 See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
12 in older emacs versions.
14 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
15 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
18 +++ indicates that the appropriate manual has already been updated.
19 --- means no change in the manuals is called for.
20 When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or ---
21 so we will look at it and add it to the manual.
23 Fixme: The notes about Emacs 23 are quite incomplete.
26 * Changes in Emacs 23.1
28 ** The Emacs character set is now a superset of Unicode.
29 (It has about four times the code space, which should be plenty).
31 The internal encoding used for buffers and strings is now
32 Unicode-based and called `utf-8-emacs'. utf-8-emacs is backwards
33 compatible with the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode. The `emacs-mule'
34 coding system can still read and write data in the old internal
37 There are still charsets which contain disjoint sets of characters
38 where this is necessary or useful, especially for various Far Eastern
39 sets which are problematic with Unicode.
41 Since the internal encoding is also used by default for byte-compiled
42 files -- i.e. the normal coding system for byte-compiled Lisp files is
43 now utf-8-Emacs -- Lisp containing non-ASCII characters which is
44 compiled by Emacs 23 can't be read by earlier versions of Emacs. Files
45 compiled by Emacs 20, 21, or 22 are loaded correctly as emacs-mule
46 (whether or not they contain multibyte characters), which makes loading
47 them somewhat slower than Emacs 23-compiled files. Thus it may be worth
48 recompiling existing .elc files which don't need to be shared with older
51 ** There are assorted new coding systems/aliases -- see
52 M-x list-coding-systems.
54 ** New charset implementation with many new charsets.
55 See M-x list-character-sets. New charsets can be defined conveniently
56 as tables of unicodes.
58 The dimension of a charset is now 0, 1, 2, or 3, and the size of each
59 dimension is no longer limited to 94 or 96.
61 Generic characters no longer exist.
63 A dynamic charset priority list is used to infer the charset of
64 unicodes for display &c.
66 ** The following facilities are obsolete:
68 Minor modes: unify-8859-on-encoding-mode, unify-8859-on-decoding-mode
71 * Lisp changes in Emacs 23.1
73 map-char-table's behaviour has changed.
75 New functions: characterp, max-char, map-charset-chars,
76 define-charset-alias, primary-charset, set-primary-charset,
77 unify-charset, clear-charset-maps, charset-priority-list,
78 set-charset-priority, define-coding-system,
79 define-coding-system-alias, coding-system-aliases, langinfo,
82 Changed functions: copy-sequence, decode-char, encode-char,
83 set-fontset-font, new-fontset, modify-syntax-entry, define-charset,
86 Obsoleted: char-bytes, chars-in-region, set-coding-priority,
90 * Incompatible Lisp changes
92 Deleted functions: make-coding-system, register-char-codings,
95 ** The character codes for characters from the
96 eight-bit-control/eight-bit-graphic charsets aren't now in the range
99 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
102 ** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
103 These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
104 runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
105 found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
106 Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
107 into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
108 Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
111 ** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
112 `--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
116 ** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
119 ** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
120 when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
121 provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
124 ** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
127 ** The `yow' program has been removed.
128 Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
131 ** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
132 scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
133 place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
134 configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
135 to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
136 to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
137 in each user's home directory.
140 ** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
141 You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
145 ** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
147 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
148 Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
149 Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy
150 accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
153 ** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
156 This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
157 together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
158 item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy accessible
159 (Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
162 ** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
163 following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
164 with simplified and traditional characters), French, and Italian.
165 Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language setup
166 doesn't automatically select the right one.
169 ** A Portuguese translation of Emacs' reference card has been added.
170 Its name is `pt-br-refcard.tex'. The corresponding PostScript file is
175 ** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
178 ** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
179 (Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
180 the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
181 setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
184 ** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
187 ** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
190 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
193 ** Support for MacOS X was added.
194 See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
197 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
200 ** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
201 create non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
202 the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
205 ** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
206 types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
209 ** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
210 much pure storage it will approximately need.
212 ** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
213 contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
217 ** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
218 The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
219 terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
222 ** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
225 ** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
226 See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
229 * Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
232 ** New command line option -Q or --quick.
233 This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
234 the fancy startup screen.
237 ** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
238 Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
242 ** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
243 the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
246 ** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
247 It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
248 can start with this line:
250 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
253 ** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
254 Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
255 appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
257 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
259 Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
260 in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
263 ** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
264 --no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
267 ** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
268 Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
271 ** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
272 now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
273 an interactively callable function.
276 ** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
277 all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
278 affects the initial frame.
281 ** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
282 When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
283 `--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
284 whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
285 screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
288 ** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
289 arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
290 disables the splash screen; see also the variable
291 `inhibit-startup-message' (which is also aliased as
292 `inhibit-splash-screen').
295 ** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon, so the command-line options
296 --icon-type, -i has been replaced with options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn
300 ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
301 When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
302 displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
306 If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
307 ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. You can also put the shell
308 init file .emacs_SHELL under ~/.emacs.d.
311 ** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
312 automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
313 modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
314 can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
315 according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
317 * Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
320 ** M-g is now a prefix key.
321 M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
322 M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
323 M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
326 ** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
327 and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
329 When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
330 point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
333 ** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
334 since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
335 the operating system or your X server.
338 ** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
341 ** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
342 (beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
346 ** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
347 in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
350 ** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
351 previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
352 C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
353 to set the mark immediately after a jump.
356 ** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
357 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
360 ** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
362 See below under "incremental search changes".
365 ** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
367 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
368 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
369 directory with Dired.
371 You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
372 the actual file name into the minibuffer.
375 ** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
376 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
377 it remains unchanged.
380 ** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
381 This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
382 need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
383 keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
384 "New keymaps for typing file names".
387 ** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
388 M-o M-o requests refontification.
391 ** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
393 See below for more details.
396 ** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
397 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
398 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
399 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
400 doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
401 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
403 * Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
406 ** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
407 cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
408 crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
409 killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
410 not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
414 ** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
415 On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
418 ** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
419 (previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
420 C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
421 cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
424 ** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
427 ** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
428 converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
431 ** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
432 but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
433 analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
436 ** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
437 `insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
440 ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
441 By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
444 ** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
445 be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
446 `yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
447 of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
450 ** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
451 been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
452 in Indented-Text mode.
455 ** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
457 Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
458 now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
459 in the value, use `$$'.
462 ** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
463 understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
467 ** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
470 ** Mark command changes:
473 *** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
474 previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the
475 mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump.
478 *** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
480 If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
481 (mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
482 extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
483 M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
484 mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
485 region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
486 the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
487 in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
488 or set the new mark with C-SPC.
491 *** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
493 With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
494 if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
498 *** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
499 mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
500 region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
501 want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
502 ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
505 One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
506 and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
507 This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
510 After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
511 deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
512 that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
516 *** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
517 `beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
518 is already active in Transient Mark mode.
520 ** Help command changes:
523 *** Changes in C-h bindings:
525 C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
527 C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
529 C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
531 C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
534 C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
535 C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
537 The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
538 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
540 C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
541 - C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
542 run by the key sequence.
543 - C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
544 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
547 For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
548 to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
549 - C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
550 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
551 - C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
552 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
553 - C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
554 new-kill-line is on C-k
557 *** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
558 arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
559 default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
560 `help-default-arg-highlight'.
563 *** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
564 variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
567 *** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
568 preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
569 hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
570 preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
571 hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
572 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
573 anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
574 addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
575 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
578 *** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
579 description various information about a character, including its
580 encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
581 widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
582 clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
585 *** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
586 C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
589 *** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
590 in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
591 same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
592 `help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
593 keyboard oriented alternative.
596 *** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows to
597 automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
598 point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
599 determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
600 to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
603 *** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
604 When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
605 be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
609 *** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
610 to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
611 number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
612 regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
613 match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
616 ** Incremental Search changes:
619 *** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
620 To enable this feature, customize the new user option
621 `isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
622 constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
626 *** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
627 making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
628 command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
629 bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
632 *** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
633 at the end of a line.
636 *** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
637 Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
638 and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
641 *** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
642 `query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
643 search string used as the string to replace.
646 *** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
647 history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
648 user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
650 ** Replace command changes:
653 *** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
654 `query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
655 a match if part of it has a read-only property.
658 *** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
659 `replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
660 where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
661 time. In many cases, this will be more convenient than using
662 `query-replace-regexp-eval'. `\#' in a replacement string now refers
663 to the count of replacements already made by the replacement command.
664 All regular expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the
665 replacement string to specify a position where the replacement string
666 can be edited for each replacement.
669 *** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
670 `query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
673 *** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
674 `query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
676 ** Local variables lists:
679 *** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
680 suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
683 *** Text properties in local variables.
685 A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
686 properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
689 *** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
690 are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
691 the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
692 was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
693 definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
695 At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
696 variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
697 option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
698 Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
699 `safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
700 However, risky variables will not be added to
701 `safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
704 *** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
705 lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
706 behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
707 :all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
708 nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
711 *** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
712 are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
713 specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
714 such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
718 *** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
719 that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
720 appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
721 is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
722 ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
723 with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
725 If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
726 confirmation as before.
728 ** File operation changes:
731 *** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
732 the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
733 Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
734 is only rarely needed.
737 *** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
738 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
741 *** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
742 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
745 *** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
748 *** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
750 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
751 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
752 directory with Dired.
755 *** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
756 read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
757 want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
761 *** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
762 against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
765 *** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
766 add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
767 convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
768 the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
769 commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
770 /tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
773 *** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
774 before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
775 supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
778 *** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
779 controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
780 attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
783 *** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
784 in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
785 the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
786 in data loss, use with care.
789 *** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
790 Emacs asks for confirmation.
793 *** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
795 `visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
796 when visiting the file.
798 `visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
799 needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
800 when saving the file.
803 *** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
804 major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
805 designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
806 sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
807 So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
810 ** Minibuffer changes:
813 *** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
814 entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
817 *** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
818 Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
819 variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
823 *** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
825 Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
826 have in common and where they begin to differ.
828 The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
829 `completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
830 same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
831 `completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
832 `completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
833 `completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
834 parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
835 parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
837 Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
838 triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
839 listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
840 the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
844 *** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
845 If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
846 slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
847 completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
848 which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
849 candidate is a directory.
852 *** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
853 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
854 it remains unchanged.
857 *** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
858 If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
859 elements are deleted from the history list.
861 ** Redisplay changes:
864 *** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
866 To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
867 the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
868 redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
869 the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
872 *** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
873 When the file is maintained under version control, that information
874 appears between the position information and the major mode.
877 *** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
880 *** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
881 face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
882 specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
885 *** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
886 The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
887 the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
888 will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
890 The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
891 hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
892 window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
893 window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
894 many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
895 gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
897 The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
898 `auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
901 *** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
902 the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
906 *** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
907 of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
908 the mode line of the currently selected window.
910 The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
911 the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
914 *** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
915 for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
916 top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
917 control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
921 *** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
922 addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
923 the window can be scrolled.
925 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
926 `indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
927 this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
929 If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
930 displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
932 The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
933 position of each bitmap individually.
935 For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
936 in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
937 arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
938 left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
941 *** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
942 (not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
943 two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
944 Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
945 cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
947 The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
948 revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
951 *** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
952 displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
953 outside those margins.
956 *** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
957 in addition to the individual display margin settings.
959 Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
960 horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
961 or when the frame is resized.
963 ** Cursor display changes:
966 *** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
967 now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
970 *** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
973 *** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
974 The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
975 default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
979 *** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
980 of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
984 *** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
985 of the recognized cursor types.
988 *** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
989 uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
994 *** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
995 elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
998 *** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
999 parts of the mode line.
1002 *** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
1003 the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
1004 This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
1005 black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
1006 allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
1007 so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
1010 *** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
1012 ** Font-Lock changes:
1015 *** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
1016 M-o M-o requests refontification.
1019 *** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
1020 fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
1021 modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
1023 The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
1024 fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
1028 *** font-lock: in modes like C and Lisp where the fontification assumes that
1029 an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of any string or comment,
1030 font-lock now highlights any such open-paren-in-column-zero in bold-red
1031 if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it can cause
1032 trouble with fontification and/or indentation.
1035 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
1038 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
1041 *** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
1042 You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
1043 the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
1044 cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
1047 *** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
1048 The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now 16
1049 instead of 3, and the default value of jit-lock-stealth-nice is now
1050 0.5 instead of 0.125. The new defaults should lower the CPU usage
1051 when Emacs is fontifying in the background.
1054 *** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
1056 If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
1057 idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
1058 example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
1059 only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
1062 *** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
1064 jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
1065 jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
1066 refontification takes place.
1071 *** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
1072 This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
1073 as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
1074 You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
1075 it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
1076 current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
1079 *** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
1082 *** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
1085 *** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
1086 and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
1087 to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
1090 *** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/Lesstif can be
1091 disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
1094 *** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
1095 be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
1098 *** The menu bar for Motif/Lesstif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
1099 Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1100 the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1103 *** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1104 to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1105 `-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1108 *** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and Lesstif/Motif now pops down when pressing
1109 ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1112 *** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1113 by setting the variable `x-use-old-gtk-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1119 *** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1120 value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1121 one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1122 can be selected only when it is active.
1125 *** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1126 select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1127 normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1128 the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1129 window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1133 *** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1135 Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1136 click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1137 click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1138 inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1139 to match this context-sentitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1140 behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1142 Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1143 more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1144 activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1145 (see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1146 packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1147 this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1148 is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1149 happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1150 on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1152 If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1153 just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1154 click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1157 Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1158 drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1160 You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1161 `mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1164 *** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1165 is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1166 can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1167 mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1168 also disable mouse highlighting.
1171 *** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1172 shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1173 variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1176 *** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1177 (rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1180 *** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1182 People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1183 unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1184 ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1185 mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1188 *** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1190 ** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1192 *** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1193 construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1194 -*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1195 various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1196 specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1197 shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1198 character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1199 construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1200 following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1201 without any character translation:
1202 ;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1205 *** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1206 more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1207 name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1208 This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1209 default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1212 *** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1213 current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1214 can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1215 characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1216 emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1217 keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1218 or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1219 by the keyboard. See Info node `Single-Byte Character Support'.
1222 *** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1223 revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1226 *** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1230 *** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1234 *** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1238 *** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1239 coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1240 (Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1244 *** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1245 in the current input method to input a character at point.
1248 *** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1249 Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1250 the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1251 Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1252 sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1253 translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1254 mule-unicode-... ones.
1256 By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1257 Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1258 with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1261 You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1262 unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1263 into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1264 mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1265 will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1268 *** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1269 either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1270 when possible. The latter are more space-efficient. This is
1271 controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1274 *** New language environments: French, Ukrainian, Tajik,
1275 Bulgarian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, UTF-8, Windows-1255, Welsh, Latin-6,
1276 Latin-7, Lithuanian, Latvian, Swedish, Slovenian, Croatian, Georgian,
1277 Italian, Russian, Malayalam, Tamil, Russian, Chinese-EUC-TW. (Set up
1278 automatically according to the locale.)
1281 *** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1282 ukrainian-computer, belarusian, bulgarian-bds, russian-computer,
1283 vietnamese-telex, lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard,
1284 latvian-keyboard, welsh, georgian, rfc1345, ucs, sgml,
1285 bulgarian-phonetic, dutch, slovenian, croatian, malayalam-inscript,
1289 *** New input method chinese-sisheng for inputting Chinese Pinyin
1293 *** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1294 automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1295 environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1296 versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1300 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1301 M-t (transpose-words)
1302 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1305 *** Indian support has been updated.
1306 The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1307 assumed. There is a framework for supporting various
1308 Indian scripts, but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are
1312 *** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1315 *** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1316 By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1317 single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1318 turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1319 sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1320 system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1321 interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1322 You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1323 `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1324 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1325 one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1326 The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1329 *** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1330 in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1331 Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1334 *** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1335 These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1336 on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1337 only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1338 `code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1341 *** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1342 Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1345 *** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1346 characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1347 fontset appropriately.
1349 ** Customize changes:
1352 *** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1353 custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1354 load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1355 enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1358 *** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1359 now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1360 specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1364 *** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1365 In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1366 check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1367 for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1368 sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1369 its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1370 case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1373 *** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1374 the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1375 You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1376 under the "[State]" button.
1378 ** Buffer Menu changes:
1381 *** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1382 buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1386 *** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1387 with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1388 whose names begin with space are omitted.
1391 *** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1392 `buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1393 in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1395 `buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1396 leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1397 If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1398 shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1399 and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1401 `buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1402 the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1403 t, and the status is shown.
1405 Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1406 the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1411 *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1412 dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1413 introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1416 *** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1417 with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1420 *** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1421 of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1424 *** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1425 This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1428 *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1429 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1430 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1431 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1432 double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1433 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1436 *** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1437 into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1440 *** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1442 The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1443 dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1444 dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1448 *** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1449 have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1450 directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1451 directory listing into a buffer.
1456 *** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1457 option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1458 except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1459 controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1460 overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1462 The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1463 support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1465 `comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1466 read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1467 lines, including any prompts.
1469 `comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1470 read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1471 part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1472 and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1473 not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1474 `kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1475 to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1478 *** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1479 modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1480 like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1481 otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1484 *** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1485 `comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1486 but declared obsolete.
1488 ** M-x Compile changes:
1491 *** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1493 Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1494 recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1495 red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1496 (controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1498 Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1499 This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1500 This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1502 The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1503 you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1504 leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1505 `compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1506 that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1508 The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1511 *** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1512 This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1513 compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1514 subprocesses inherit.
1517 *** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1518 If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1521 *** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1522 specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1523 in new face `next-error'.
1526 *** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1527 compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1528 modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1529 buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1530 matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1534 *** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1535 the compilation buffer.
1538 *** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1539 context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1540 it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1541 no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1544 ** Occur mode changes:
1547 *** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1548 C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1552 *** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1553 the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1556 *** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1557 search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1558 `multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1559 buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1560 Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1566 *** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1568 There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1569 customization group.
1572 *** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1573 people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1576 *** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1577 more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1578 separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1579 and the base directory for the search (rgrep only). Case sensitivitivy
1580 of the search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1582 These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1583 `grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1585 The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1587 Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1588 typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1589 are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1592 *** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1594 Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1595 can be saved and automatically revisited.
1598 *** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1599 the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1602 *** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1603 buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1604 --color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1605 match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1606 buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1607 source line is highlighted.
1610 *** New key bindings in grep output window:
1611 SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1612 previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1613 the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1614 other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1615 previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1619 *** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1620 by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1621 detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1622 When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1623 unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1624 command lines to be used than was possible before.
1626 ** X Windows Support:
1629 *** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1630 opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1631 buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1634 *** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1635 The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1636 and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1637 use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1639 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1640 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1643 *** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1644 speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1646 If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1647 XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1650 *** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1651 requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1652 Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1653 and use the more appropriately result.
1656 *** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1657 On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1658 amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1663 *** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1664 on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1667 *** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1668 When emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available. The
1669 following should work:
1670 {C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1671 These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8, they might not work on
1672 some older versions of xterm, or on some proprietary versions.
1674 ** Character terminal color support changes:
1677 *** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1678 mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1679 terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1680 database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1681 set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1682 terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1683 when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1684 in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1685 user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1688 *** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1689 than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1690 256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1691 the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1692 all of these colors.
1695 *** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1696 faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1697 256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
1698 88-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1702 *** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1704 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1706 ** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1708 ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1710 To see what modules are available, type
1711 M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1713 To start an IRC session, type M-x erc-select, and follow the prompts
1714 for server, port, and nick.
1717 ** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1719 Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1720 simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1721 takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1722 several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1723 (one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1726 To start an IRC session, type M-x irc, and follow the prompts for
1727 server, port, nick and initial channels.
1730 ** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1732 Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1733 sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1734 corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1738 ** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1739 To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1742 ** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1743 various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1744 program files that include other program files.
1746 Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1747 all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1751 ** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1753 Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1754 Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1755 can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1756 Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1757 manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1761 ** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1762 customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1765 ** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1767 The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1768 package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1769 to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1770 a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1773 ** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1774 between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1777 ** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1779 The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1780 cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1781 With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1782 keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1783 region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1784 cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1786 In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1787 rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1788 using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1789 or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1791 Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1792 fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1793 downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1794 rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1795 as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1796 M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1797 rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1799 Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1800 prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1801 C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1803 The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1804 register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1806 Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1807 When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1808 automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1809 commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1811 The features of cua also works with the standard emacs bindings for
1812 kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1813 want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1814 `cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1816 Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1817 versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1818 must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1819 loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1822 ** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1824 Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1825 doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1826 It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1829 The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1830 activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
1832 The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1833 type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1834 available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1837 ** The new package dns-mode.el add syntax highlight of DNS master files.
1838 The key binding C-c C-s (`dns-mode-soa-increment-serial') can be used
1839 to increment the SOA serial.
1842 ** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1843 filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1844 that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1845 emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1846 invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1847 be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1850 ** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1851 source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1854 ** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1855 the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1856 keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1857 +, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1858 package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1860 By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1861 `keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1862 using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1863 the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1864 possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1865 the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1867 The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1868 `Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1869 `Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1870 decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1871 `Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1872 for emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1873 where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1874 `Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1875 are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1879 ** The new kmacro package provides a simpler user interface to
1880 emacs' keyboard macro facilities.
1882 Basically, it uses two function keys (default F3 and F4) like this:
1883 F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1884 the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1885 which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1887 There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1890 The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1891 defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1892 C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1893 manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1894 C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1897 The normal macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e now interfaces to
1898 the keyboard macro ring.
1900 The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1901 before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1903 In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1904 be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1905 this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1906 kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1908 Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1909 C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1910 at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1913 ** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1914 When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1915 restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1918 ** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1919 buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1922 ** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1923 files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1924 mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
1925 which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
1926 copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
1927 mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
1928 referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
1929 similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
1930 feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
1933 ** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1935 If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
1936 the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
1937 with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
1938 ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
1939 printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
1940 `ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
1943 ** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
1944 move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
1945 It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
1946 of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
1948 There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
1951 ** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
1952 "active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
1953 change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
1957 ** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
1958 spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
1959 letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
1960 viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
1963 ** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
1964 shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
1967 ** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
1968 `text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
1969 these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
1970 table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
1971 can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
1972 as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
1974 ** The tumme.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in other ways
1975 manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as the main interface.
1976 Tumme provides functionality to generate simple image galleries.
1979 ** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
1981 This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
1982 files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
1983 Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
1984 for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
1985 the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
1986 `inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
1987 connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
1988 (which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
1989 `rsync' to do the copying).
1991 Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
1992 `su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
1994 If you want to disable Tramp you should set
1996 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
1998 Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
2002 ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
2005 ** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
2006 configuration files.
2009 ** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
2010 varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
2011 var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
2012 section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
2013 .config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
2017 ** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
2020 ** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
2023 ** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
2024 This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
2026 ** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
2027 for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
2028 paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
2029 instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
2030 boundaries during scrolling.
2033 ** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
2034 events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
2035 for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
2037 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
2042 *** Bindings for Tumme added
2043 Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
2044 added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Tumme. As a starting
2045 point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d to display
2046 thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
2048 ** Changes in Hi Lock
2051 *** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
2052 `global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
2053 hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
2054 warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
2055 if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
2056 using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
2057 buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
2058 behavior in older versions of Emacs).
2060 ** Changes in Allout
2062 *** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
2063 decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
2064 clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
2065 and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
2066 symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
2067 pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
2070 *** `allout-view-change-hook' marked as being deprecated - use
2071 `allout-exposure-change-hook' instead. Both are currently being used, but
2072 `allout-view-change-hook' will be ignored in a subsequent allout version.
2074 *** Default command prefix changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to avoid
2075 intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
2076 `allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
2078 *** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property (and others) for
2079 concealed text, instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in
2080 particular avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display,
2081 discretionary handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
2083 *** Many substantial fixes and refinements, including:
2085 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text
2086 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
2087 - refuse to create "containment discontinuities", where a
2088 topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its' container
2089 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
2090 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
2091 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
2092 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
2093 - new hook `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for coordinating with
2094 deactivation of allout-mode.
2095 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
2096 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
2097 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
2098 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
2100 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
2101 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
2102 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
2103 - many, many minor tweaks and fixes. many internal fixes and
2104 refinements of docstrings.
2105 - version number incremented to 2.2
2107 ** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' was renamed
2108 to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
2109 variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
2110 automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
2111 at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
2114 ** Changes to cmuscheme
2116 *** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2117 evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2119 *** If a file `.emacs_NAME' (where NAME is the name of the Scheme interpreter)
2120 exists in the user's home directory or in ~/.emacs.d, its
2121 contents are sent to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2123 *** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2124 procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2125 (`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2126 subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2127 `scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2130 ** Changes in Makefile mode
2132 *** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2134 The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2135 are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2138 *** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2139 to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2143 ** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
2144 of the file that precede the first header line.
2147 ** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
2150 ** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
2151 run most curses applications now.
2154 ** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
2157 ** Diff mode key bindings changed.
2159 These are the new bindings:
2161 C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
2162 C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
2163 C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
2164 C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
2165 C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
2167 To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
2168 In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
2169 in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
2172 ** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
2173 filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
2174 functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
2176 Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
2177 `fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
2178 `fill-nobreak-predicate'.
2181 ** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
2182 with special modes such as Tar mode.
2185 ** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
2186 bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
2187 incompatible change.
2190 ** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
2193 ** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
2194 resync points in both windows.
2197 ** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
2199 When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
2200 starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
2203 ** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
2204 when Emacs visits them.
2206 ** Info mode changes:
2209 *** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
2210 with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
2213 *** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
2215 Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
2216 message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
2217 other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
2218 around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
2219 `Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
2220 or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
2224 *** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
2225 `Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
2226 search without prompting for a new search string.
2229 *** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
2230 moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
2231 `Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
2234 *** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
2237 *** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
2238 from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
2241 *** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
2242 Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
2246 *** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
2247 the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
2248 arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
2251 *** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
2252 and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
2255 *** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
2256 references and following them calls `browse-url'.
2259 *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
2261 If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
2262 `Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
2265 *** Images in Info pages are supported.
2267 Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
2268 Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
2269 version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
2272 *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
2275 *** `Info-index' offers completion.
2277 ** Lisp mode changes:
2280 *** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2283 *** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2285 *** New features in evaluation commands
2288 **** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2289 the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2292 **** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2293 in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2294 by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2295 function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2296 `eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2301 *** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2302 The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2303 and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2305 *** Changes in Key Sequences
2306 **** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2308 **** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2309 This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2311 **** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2312 c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2314 **** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2315 have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2316 C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2317 commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2318 key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2320 **** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2322 **** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2324 *** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2328 **** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2329 The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2330 mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2331 users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2332 disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2335 **** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2336 letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2337 also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2341 **** `comment-close-slash'.
2342 With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2343 typing a slash at the start of a line.
2345 **** `c-one-liner-defun'
2346 This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2347 pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2349 *** Font lock support.
2350 CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2351 supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2352 package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2353 locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2354 AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2355 different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2357 The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2358 dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2359 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2360 declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2361 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2362 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2363 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2364 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2365 variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2367 Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2368 fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2369 the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2370 with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2373 **** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2374 are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2375 be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2376 locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2377 properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2378 not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2380 **** Support for documentation comments.
2381 There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2382 Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2383 language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2384 buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2386 Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2387 Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2388 last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2389 complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2390 of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2392 **** Better handling of C++ templates.
2393 As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2394 now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2395 given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2398 This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2399 work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2400 template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2401 recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2402 not as configurable as it ought to be.
2404 **** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2405 Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2406 The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2407 All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2408 handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2410 *** Support for the AWK language.
2411 Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2412 based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2413 any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2416 **** Indentation Engine
2417 The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2419 AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2420 which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2421 placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2422 are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2423 definition, or structured statement.
2425 The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2426 mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2427 be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2430 There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2431 three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2432 idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2433 the AWK language itself.
2435 **** Comment and Movement Commands
2436 These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2437 been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2438 "defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2439 extended definition.
2441 **** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2442 A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2443 style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2444 c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2446 *** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2447 The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2448 now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2449 module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2450 composition-close, and incomposition.
2452 *** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2453 The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2454 provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2455 bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2456 of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2458 *** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2460 The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2461 implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2462 list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2463 includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2465 Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2466 based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2468 *** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2470 The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2471 and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2472 attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2473 cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2475 ((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2479 ((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2481 In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2484 This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2485 directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2486 `c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2487 functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2490 *** API changes for derived modes.
2492 There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2493 derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2494 incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2495 care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2496 Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2498 **** New language variable system.
2499 These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2500 languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2502 **** New initialization functions.
2503 The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2504 give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2505 `c-init-language-vars'.
2507 *** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2508 The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2509 several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2510 now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2512 This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2513 although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2514 gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2515 where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2516 it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2518 **** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2519 This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2520 its substatement. E.g:
2526 *** Better handling of multiline macros.
2528 **** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2529 The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2530 syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2531 variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2532 `cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2535 **** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2537 Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2538 of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2539 is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2540 removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2541 much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2542 empty lines within the macro better.
2544 **** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2545 This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2546 `c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2548 **** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2549 `c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2550 variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2551 backslashes can be moved.
2553 **** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2554 This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2555 affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2556 inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2558 **** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2559 Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2560 inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2561 line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2562 indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2563 backslash) in the macro.
2565 *** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2566 The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2567 the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2568 based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2569 #else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2570 cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2572 *** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2573 It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2575 *** New lineup functions
2577 **** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2578 This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2581 result = prefix + "A message "
2582 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2584 **** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2585 Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2587 **** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2588 Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2589 the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2591 **** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2592 Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2594 **** `c-lineup-argcont'
2595 Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2597 *** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2598 CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2599 of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2600 places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2601 improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2602 moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2604 The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2605 opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2606 only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2607 file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2610 *** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2611 Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2612 "invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2613 happen when macros are involved.
2615 *** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2616 It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2617 whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2618 point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2619 Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2620 line is left untouched.
2622 *** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2623 The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2624 syntactic indentation.
2626 ** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2627 preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2630 ** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2633 ** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2634 to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2635 bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2636 C-c C-i b, and so on.
2638 ** Fortran mode changes:
2641 *** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2642 highlighting for the old default.
2645 *** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2646 Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2647 Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2650 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2651 `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2652 `f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2653 `fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2656 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2657 It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2661 *** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2662 the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2665 ** Reftex mode changes
2668 *** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2670 The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2671 section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2672 support for multifile documents.
2674 The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2675 section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2676 Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2677 `reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2678 buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2679 frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2680 highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2683 The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2684 See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2686 Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2689 The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2693 *** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2695 Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2696 called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2697 `reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2699 The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2700 with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2701 "E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2702 citation selection buffer.
2704 The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2705 cursor as a default search string.
2707 The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2708 now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2710 The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2711 can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2713 Support for jurabib has been added.
2716 *** Global index matched may be verified with a user function
2718 During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2719 See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2722 *** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2724 Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2725 considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2726 from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2727 `reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2728 this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2729 quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2732 *** Miscellaneous changes
2734 The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2735 configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2737 RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2740 ** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2741 to support use of font-lock.
2743 ** HTML/SGML changes:
2746 *** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2750 *** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2751 The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2752 When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2753 i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2754 By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2755 from the file name or buffer contents.
2757 *** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2758 `sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2762 *** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2767 *** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2770 *** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2771 by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2772 command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2773 TeX commands to use at startup.
2776 *** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2777 and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2780 *** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2784 *** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2785 point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2787 *** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2788 an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2791 *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2793 *** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2794 `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2795 for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2796 scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2797 automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2798 `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2800 *** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2801 use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2803 *** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2804 automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2806 *** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2807 types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2809 *** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2810 point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2812 *** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2813 locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2814 Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2816 *** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2817 individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2819 *** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2820 of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2822 *** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2823 in multiple BibTeX files.
2825 *** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2826 of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2828 *** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2829 bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2830 extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2832 *** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2833 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2834 `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2835 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2836 still available as aliases.
2838 ** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
2839 renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
2843 ** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
2844 by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
2850 *** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2851 counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2854 *** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2855 and other common debugger commands.
2858 *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2859 GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2860 there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2861 state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2862 that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2863 Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2866 To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
2869 *** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
2870 toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
2874 *** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
2875 display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
2879 ** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
2881 *** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
2882 Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
2883 There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
2884 directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
2885 `gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
2887 *** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
2888 set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
2889 traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
2892 *** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
2895 *** The previous method of searching for source files has been
2896 preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
2897 Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
2899 *** Added Customization Variables
2901 **** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
2903 **** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
2904 method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
2905 java sources (previous method).
2907 **** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
2908 classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
2911 *** Minor Improvements
2913 **** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
2914 instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
2915 compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
2916 `starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
2919 **** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
2921 ** Auto-Revert changes:
2924 *** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
2926 If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
2927 mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
2928 displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at
2929 the end of the buffer in that window. This allows to tail a file:
2930 just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This
2931 rule applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can
2934 If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
2935 then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
2936 mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
2940 *** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
2941 other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
2942 revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
2943 and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
2944 mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
2945 `revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
2946 decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
2947 that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
2948 work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
2951 *** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
2952 Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
2953 control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
2954 which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
2955 only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
2960 The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
2961 enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
2964 The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
2965 keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
2966 the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
2968 The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
2969 and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
2970 keep in the recent list.
2972 With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
2973 specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
2974 example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
2975 same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
2976 links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
2978 To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
2979 replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
2980 old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
2986 *** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
2989 *** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
2991 Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
2994 *** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
2998 *** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
2999 immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
3004 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
3005 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
3006 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
3008 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
3009 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
3012 *** New customizable variables:
3013 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
3015 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
3016 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
3017 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
3018 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
3019 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
3021 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
3022 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
3023 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
3024 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
3027 *** New command line option --no-desktop
3031 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
3032 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
3035 ** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
3037 When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
3038 include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
3039 Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
3040 to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
3041 and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
3047 *** When comparing directories.
3048 Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
3049 directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
3050 from one directory to another.
3053 *** When comparing files or buffers.
3054 Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
3055 currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
3056 then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
3060 *** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
3061 backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
3062 `ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
3067 *** New regular expressions features
3069 **** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
3071 The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
3072 only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
3073 --regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
3074 where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
3075 more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
3076 (single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
3077 expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
3078 (which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
3079 span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
3080 and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
3082 **** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
3084 The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
3085 respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
3088 **** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
3090 The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
3091 only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
3092 particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
3094 **** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
3096 The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
3097 per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
3099 *** New language parsing features
3101 **** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
3103 Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
3105 **** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
3107 **** New language HTML.
3109 Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
3110 when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
3112 **** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
3114 If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3115 size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3117 **** New language Lua.
3119 All functions are tagged.
3121 **** In Perl, packages are tags.
3123 Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3124 as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3127 **** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3129 **** New language PHP.
3131 Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3132 specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3134 **** New default keywords for TeX.
3136 The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3139 **** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
3141 *** Honor #line directives.
3143 When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3144 directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3145 specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3146 created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3147 writes tags pointing to the source file.
3149 *** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3151 This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3152 be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3153 reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3159 *** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
3160 (toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
3162 We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
3163 were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
3164 behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
3167 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
3169 The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
3172 *** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
3173 are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
3175 These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
3176 are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
3177 specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
3180 *** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
3183 *** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
3185 In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
3186 enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
3187 to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
3189 P: annotates the previous revision
3190 N: annotates the next revision
3191 J: annotates the revision at line
3192 A: annotates the revision previous to line
3193 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
3194 L: shows the log of the revision at line
3195 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
3200 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
3201 between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
3205 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
3206 anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
3207 `checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
3211 ** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3212 `default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3213 auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3216 ** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3218 See the documentation of the user option
3219 `display-time-mail-directory'.
3224 *** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3226 *** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3227 by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3228 Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3231 *** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3233 This version of `movemail' allows to read mail from a wide range of
3234 mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3235 without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3236 and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3237 used instead of the native one.
3242 *** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3244 Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3248 *** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3250 See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3255 Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.2. There have been major changes since
3256 version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3258 ** Calendar changes:
3261 *** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3262 the calendar left or right. (The old key bindings still work too.)
3265 *** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3266 convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3269 *** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3270 Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3271 `diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3272 which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3273 how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3274 single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3275 day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3276 face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3277 appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3280 *** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3281 year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3282 count backward from the end of the year.
3285 *** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3286 prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3287 day of that ISO week.
3290 *** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3291 window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3294 *** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3295 optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3296 rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3297 `christian-holidays' simpler.
3300 *** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3301 This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3302 and `diary-header-line-format'.
3305 *** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3306 use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3307 `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3308 `appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3311 *** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3312 and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3313 from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3314 `diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3318 ** Speedbar changes:
3320 *** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3321 the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3323 *** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3326 *** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3327 contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3329 *** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3331 *** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3332 `speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3333 respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3336 *** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3337 how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3338 means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3339 to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3342 *** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3343 to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3344 value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3345 speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3346 that number to `other-frame'.
3348 *** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3349 means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3351 *** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3352 `dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3353 should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3354 `speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3355 `dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3356 `dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3357 `speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3358 `speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3359 obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3364 *** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
3365 SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
3366 buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
3367 session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
3368 SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
3370 The following values are supported:
3372 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
3386 The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
3389 The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
3390 your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
3391 `sql-product' to accomplish this.
3393 ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
3395 *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
3396 font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
3397 all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
3398 you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
3400 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
3401 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
3403 *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
3405 Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
3406 highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
3408 *** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
3410 Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
3411 sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
3412 osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
3413 are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
3416 If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
3417 called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
3418 credentials to authenticate the user.
3420 *** Postgres support is enhanced.
3421 Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
3422 the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
3424 *** MySQL support is enhanced.
3425 Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
3427 *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
3428 packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
3431 *** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
3432 appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
3436 *** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
3441 *** New ffap commands and keybindings:
3443 C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
3444 C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
3445 C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
3446 C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
3449 *** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
3451 C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
3452 argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
3455 ** Changes in Skeleton
3457 *** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
3459 `@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
3460 sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
3461 `skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
3462 updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
3463 with other details of skeleton construction.
3465 *** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
3466 `skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
3467 `skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
3468 `skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
3472 ** Hideshow mode changes
3474 *** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
3475 used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
3476 handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
3477 temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
3479 *** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
3480 not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
3481 block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
3484 ** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3485 to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3486 changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3489 ** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3492 ** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3493 and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3494 you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3495 annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3498 ** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3500 Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3501 `ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3502 fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3505 ** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3506 This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3507 the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3508 using strokes as an input method.
3510 ** Emacs server changes:
3513 *** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
3515 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
3516 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
3517 % emacsclient -s foo file1
3518 % emacsclient -s bar file2
3521 *** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
3522 `--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
3523 expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
3526 *** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
3529 ** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3532 ** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3534 M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3535 argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3536 the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3539 ** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3540 `file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3543 ** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3545 Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3546 use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3550 ** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3552 `mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3553 default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3554 automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3556 ** battery.el changes:
3559 *** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3562 *** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3565 ** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3567 To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3568 separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3569 byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3570 variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3573 ** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3576 ** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3579 ** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3583 *** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
3585 *** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
3586 a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
3587 This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
3588 effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
3589 anything for those nodes.
3591 For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
3594 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
3595 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
3598 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
3599 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
3604 *** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
3605 `locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
3606 database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
3607 you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
3608 `locate-update-when-revert' to t.
3611 * Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3614 ** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3616 If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3617 environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3618 using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3619 the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3620 localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3621 of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3622 where USERNAME is your user name.
3624 This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3625 shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3626 read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3629 ** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3631 You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3632 existing values. For example:
3634 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3636 will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3637 irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3640 ** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3642 This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track
3643 the cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3646 ** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3648 See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3651 ** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3653 PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3654 depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3655 to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3656 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3657 zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3658 against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3661 ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3663 WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3664 as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3665 Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3666 sound support for those formats.
3669 ** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3671 The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3674 ** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3676 The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3677 whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3678 pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3681 ** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3683 The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3684 the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3685 colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3686 default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3687 some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3688 `list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3689 you wish to use them in other faces.
3692 ** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3694 Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3695 multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3696 MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3697 the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3701 ** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3703 Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3704 through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3705 a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3706 w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3707 windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3708 setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3709 that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3710 defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3711 other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3712 w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3715 ** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3718 ** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3719 `kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3720 `kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3722 ** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3723 `mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3725 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3727 ** The function find-operation-coding-system accepts a cons (FILENAME
3728 . BUFFER) in an argument correponding to the target.
3731 ** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3732 been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3735 ** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3736 the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3737 `substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3741 ** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3742 :propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3743 `risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3746 The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3748 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3750 Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3751 argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3752 deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3755 ** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3758 ** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3759 there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3761 ** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3762 an input event: usr1-signal or usr2-signal.
3764 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3766 ** General Lisp changes:
3768 *** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3769 The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3770 negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3773 *** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3776 *** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3779 *** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3781 If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3782 list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3783 Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3786 *** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3787 associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3790 *** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3792 It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3795 *** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3797 It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3798 occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3802 *** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3804 Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3807 If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3808 the new element from the history list it updates.
3811 *** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3813 (rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3814 CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3817 *** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3819 For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3820 default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3821 separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3825 *** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3827 They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3830 *** Minor change in the function `format'.
3832 Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
3836 *** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
3838 They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
3842 *** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
3844 They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
3845 the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
3848 *** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
3850 When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
3851 numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
3852 relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
3854 When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
3855 also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
3858 *** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
3860 It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
3861 One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
3862 if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
3865 *** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
3867 When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
3868 angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
3869 equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
3872 *** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
3874 You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
3875 formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
3876 specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
3877 names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
3880 *** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
3882 A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
3883 `with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
3884 the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
3886 This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
3887 inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
3890 *** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
3892 This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
3895 *** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
3897 It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
3898 dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
3899 (calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
3902 *** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
3903 evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
3904 it evaluates those expressions immediately.
3906 This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
3908 *** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
3910 If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
3913 *** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
3915 `string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil.
3916 `booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a t or nil.
3919 *** New hook `command-error-function'.
3921 By setting this variable to a function, you can control
3922 how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
3924 ** Lisp code indentation features:
3927 *** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
3929 These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
3930 and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
3932 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
3934 DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
3935 possible declaration specifiers are:
3938 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
3941 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
3942 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
3943 but this is cleaner.)
3946 *** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
3948 See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
3951 *** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
3953 The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
3954 `lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
3955 be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
3959 ** Variable aliases:
3961 *** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
3963 This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
3964 symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
3965 returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
3966 changes the value of BASE-VAR.
3968 DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
3969 the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
3971 *** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
3973 This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
3974 of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
3975 defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
3977 It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
3978 variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
3981 *** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
3982 `make-obsolete-variable'.
3984 ** defcustom changes:
3987 *** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
3988 `customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
3989 Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
3990 variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
3993 *** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
3998 *** The escape sequence \s is now interpreted as a SPACE character.
4000 Exception: In a character constant, if it is followed by a `-' in a
4001 character constant (e.g. ?\s-A), it is still interpreted as the super
4002 modifier. In strings, \s is always interpreted as a space.
4005 *** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
4008 *** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
4011 *** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
4012 the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
4013 SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
4014 nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
4015 empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
4018 *** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
4019 multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
4022 *** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
4026 *** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
4027 `assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
4028 been declared obsolete.
4031 *** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
4032 Use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA,
4033 or "\U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL
4034 ALPHA (the latter is greater than #xFFFF and thus needs the longer
4035 syntax). Also available for characters.
4038 ** Displaying warnings to the user.
4040 See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
4041 If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
4042 facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
4043 warnings in a separate window.
4046 ** Progress reporters.
4048 These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
4049 progress messages for the user.
4051 See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
4052 `progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
4053 `progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
4055 ** Buffer positions:
4058 *** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
4059 width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
4060 the usable window height and width is used.
4063 *** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
4064 modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
4065 taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
4066 large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
4067 `auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
4070 *** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
4075 *** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
4080 *** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
4082 This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
4086 *** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
4088 It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
4091 *** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
4093 This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
4094 give up and return LIMIT.
4097 *** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
4098 and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
4102 *** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
4103 click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
4104 position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
4106 ** Text modification:
4109 *** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
4110 removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
4111 and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
4114 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
4115 `insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
4116 in `insert-buffer-substring'.
4119 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
4120 `insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
4124 *** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
4125 substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
4126 the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
4127 `delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
4128 data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
4130 The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
4131 `buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
4132 `buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
4136 *** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
4140 *** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
4141 is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
4142 be inserted is translated through it.
4147 The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
4148 that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
4152 *** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
4157 *** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
4158 `adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
4159 `adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
4162 ** Atomic change groups.
4164 To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
4165 they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
4166 around the code that makes changes. For instance:
4168 (atomic-change-group
4170 (delete-region x y))
4172 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
4173 `atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
4174 were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
4175 on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
4177 If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
4178 lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
4180 To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
4181 Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
4182 This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
4183 the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
4185 Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
4186 group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
4189 After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
4190 either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
4191 `accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
4192 call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
4194 You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
4195 finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
4196 `unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
4197 (This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
4198 `activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
4199 group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
4202 To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
4203 for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
4204 returned values, like this:
4206 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
4207 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
4209 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
4210 to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
4211 `accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
4213 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
4214 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
4215 will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
4216 change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
4219 ** Buffer-related changes:
4222 *** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
4224 If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
4227 *** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
4230 *** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
4231 binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
4232 have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
4233 value of VARIABLE instead.
4235 *** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
4236 various status records in parallel.
4238 It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4239 then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4240 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4241 order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4242 time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4243 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4246 On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4247 value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4248 vector into the variable and returns t.
4250 If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4251 for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4255 *** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4256 the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4257 prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4258 in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4260 ** Searching and matching changes:
4263 *** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4264 the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4265 back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4268 *** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4269 for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4270 regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4271 expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4273 Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4274 `*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4277 *** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4279 These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4280 non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4281 specified by the syntax table.
4284 *** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-end' and `symbol-start' elements.
4287 *** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4288 character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4289 characters and ranges.
4292 *** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4293 properties from surrounding text.
4296 *** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4297 element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4298 accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4301 *** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4302 argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4303 passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4306 *** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4307 variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4308 that end a sentence without following spaces.
4310 The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4311 variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4312 this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4313 `sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4314 `sentence-end-without-space'.
4319 *** `buffer-undo-list' can allows programmable elements.
4321 These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4322 a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4323 that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4325 These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4326 which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4327 range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4330 *** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4331 `undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4332 it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4335 ** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4336 previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4338 The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4339 elements with the following format:
4340 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4342 The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4343 the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4344 element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4345 the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4347 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4348 to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4349 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4350 passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4351 `yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4353 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4354 `yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4355 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4356 if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4357 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4358 by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4359 called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4360 FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4362 *** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4363 optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4366 *** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4367 `yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4368 `yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4369 `insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4370 element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4372 *** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4373 `yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4374 string. The old behavior is available if you call
4375 `insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4377 ** Syntax table changes:
4380 *** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4383 *** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4384 of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4385 of text properties as well as the character code.
4388 *** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4392 *** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4393 current syntactic context at point.
4395 ** File operation changes:
4398 *** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4399 searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4402 *** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4403 modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4407 *** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4408 non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4409 its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4410 The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4413 *** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4414 formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4417 *** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4418 ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4419 `.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4422 *** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4423 a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4426 *** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4427 specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4428 many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4429 `file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4432 *** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4433 before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4434 tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4435 sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4438 *** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4439 `save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4443 *** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4444 `locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4445 lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4446 try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4447 of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4448 of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4449 further filter candidate files.
4451 One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4452 `exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4453 executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4456 *** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4458 Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4459 `find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4460 that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4461 handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4462 of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4465 *** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4467 You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4468 symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4469 the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4472 This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4473 autoloaded when not really necessary.
4476 *** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4477 name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4482 *** An interactive specification can now use the code letter 'U' to get
4483 the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4484 previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4487 *** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4488 much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4489 it returns just the directory name.
4492 *** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4493 display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4494 using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4497 *** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4498 arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4499 quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4500 finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4501 BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4503 ** Minibuffer changes:
4506 *** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4507 buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4508 defaults to the current buffer.
4511 *** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4512 was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4515 *** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4516 specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4517 new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4518 while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4519 variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4522 *** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4523 to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4526 *** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4527 whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4528 `read-file-name' function.
4531 *** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4533 It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4534 for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4537 *** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4538 elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4539 add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4540 afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4542 ** Completion changes:
4545 *** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4546 of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4550 *** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4551 of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4552 and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4553 exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4554 strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4557 *** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4558 as a dynamic completion table.
4560 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4562 FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4563 and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4564 completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4565 can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4566 minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4567 entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4570 *** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4571 as a lazy completion table.
4573 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4575 If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4576 as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4577 arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4578 If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4579 from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4580 `lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4583 ** Enhancements to keymaps.
4585 *** New keymaps for typing file names
4587 Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4588 `minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4589 Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4590 the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4591 names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4594 *** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4596 You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4597 same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4600 (kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4602 Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4604 *** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4606 This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4607 to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4608 binding and lookup functionality.
4610 When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4611 remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4615 Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4616 `my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4617 bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4618 `kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4621 Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4622 command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4623 `my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4625 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4626 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4628 When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4629 when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4631 Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4632 means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4633 runs `my-kill-line'.
4635 The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4637 - Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4638 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4639 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4640 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4642 - The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4643 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4645 - `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4646 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4648 - `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4649 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4650 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4651 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4652 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4653 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4655 - The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4656 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4657 command was not remapped.
4659 *** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4660 over minor mode keymaps.
4662 *** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4663 text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4664 works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4666 *** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4668 Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4669 bindings of the parent keymap.
4671 *** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4673 *** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4676 *** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4677 defined keys and their definitions.
4679 *** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4681 *** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4684 *** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4686 Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4687 keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4688 keymap alist to this list.
4693 *** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4695 It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4698 *** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4700 If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4701 that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4702 abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4706 ** Enhancements to process support
4708 *** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4709 it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4711 *** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4713 These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4714 function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4717 *** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4718 name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4720 *** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4721 maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4723 Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4724 and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4725 `process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4726 entire property list of a process.
4728 *** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4729 JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4730 is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4731 integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4732 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4735 *** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4737 On some systems, when emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4738 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4739 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4740 by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4741 non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4742 from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4743 emacs tries to read it.
4745 *** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4747 This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4749 *** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4750 obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4751 `default-directory'.
4753 *** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4754 if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4756 That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4757 `default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4758 you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4760 *** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4761 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4763 *** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4764 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4766 *** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4767 buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4768 to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4769 Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4770 which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4773 ** Enhanced networking support.
4775 *** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4776 It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4777 create a stream or datagram server inside emacs.
4779 - A server is started using :server t arg.
4780 - Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4781 - A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4782 - Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4783 - IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4784 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4785 - Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4786 - The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4787 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4788 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4790 To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4791 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4792 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4794 *** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4796 *** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4798 These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4799 and set the current address of the remote partner.
4801 *** New function `format-network-address'.
4803 This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
4804 to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
4805 number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
4806 printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
4807 string for other formatting options.
4809 *** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
4811 Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
4812 process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
4813 the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
4815 An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
4816 4 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
4818 *** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
4820 These functions stop and restart communication through a network
4821 connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
4822 stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
4825 *** New function `network-interface-list'.
4827 This function returns a list of network interface names and their
4828 current network addresses.
4830 *** New function `network-interface-info'.
4832 This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
4833 status, and other information about a specific network interface.
4835 *** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
4837 The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
4838 process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
4839 connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
4840 "connection broken by remote peer".
4842 ** Using window objects:
4845 *** New function `window-body-height'.
4847 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
4851 *** You can now make a window as short as one line.
4853 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
4854 line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
4855 `header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
4856 cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
4857 variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
4860 *** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
4861 actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
4862 divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
4866 *** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
4867 return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
4870 *** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
4871 selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
4872 It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
4875 *** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
4877 This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
4880 *** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
4881 of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
4882 by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
4886 *** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
4888 If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
4889 and scroll-bar settings.
4892 *** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
4895 *** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
4896 argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
4900 *** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
4901 or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
4904 ** Customizable fringe bitmaps
4906 *** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
4907 `fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
4908 and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
4909 This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
4910 physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
4911 be used in different windows showing different buffers.
4913 *** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
4914 fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
4916 To change a built-in bitmap, do (require 'fringe) and use the symbol
4917 identifying the bitmap such as `left-truncation' or `continued-line'.
4919 *** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
4920 or restores a built-in one to its default value.
4922 *** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
4923 used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
4924 with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
4925 foreground color of the bitmap.
4927 *** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
4928 that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
4929 bitmap of the display line.
4931 Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
4932 symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
4933 `define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
4934 for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
4935 When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
4937 *** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
4938 bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
4940 ** Other window fringe features:
4943 *** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
4945 The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
4946 can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
4947 frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
4948 Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
4950 The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
4951 specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
4952 integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
4953 between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
4954 specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
4955 only the left fringe gets the specified width).
4957 Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
4958 width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
4959 of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
4960 fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
4963 *** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
4965 **** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
4968 To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
4969 variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
4970 `set-window-fringes'.
4972 To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
4973 are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
4974 or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
4975 `fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
4977 The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
4978 settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
4979 `fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
4980 displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
4981 an update of the display margins.
4983 **** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
4984 controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
4986 To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
4987 variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
4988 `set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
4989 used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
4990 `scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
4991 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
4992 of the display margins.
4994 ** Redisplay features:
4997 *** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
5000 *** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
5003 *** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
5004 available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
5005 an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
5008 *** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
5009 one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
5010 contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
5011 changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
5012 forcing an explicit window update.
5015 *** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
5016 to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
5017 a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
5019 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
5020 does that, this value cannot be accurate.
5023 *** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
5024 variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
5026 It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
5027 markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
5029 Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
5030 and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
5031 string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
5032 systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
5033 If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
5034 'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
5037 *** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
5039 A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
5040 properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
5042 If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
5043 contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
5044 newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
5045 newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
5046 slices without adding blank areas between the images.
5048 If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
5049 specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
5050 height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
5052 If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
5053 height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
5056 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
5057 minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
5058 RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
5060 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
5061 height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
5063 If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
5064 the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
5065 described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
5066 varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
5067 exactly that many pixels high.
5069 If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
5070 is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
5071 overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
5072 the `line-spacing' variable.
5074 If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
5075 is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
5078 *** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
5079 which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
5082 *** Enhancements to stretch display properties
5084 The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
5085 PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
5086 specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
5088 The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
5089 which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
5092 EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
5093 NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
5094 UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
5095 ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
5097 POS ::= left | center | right
5098 FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
5101 The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
5102 frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
5103 pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
5104 is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
5105 pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
5106 `height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
5107 font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
5110 The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
5111 `scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
5112 corresponding area of the window.
5114 The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
5115 to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
5116 of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
5117 can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
5118 relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
5119 a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
5120 these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
5121 the width of the area.
5123 For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
5124 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
5126 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
5127 to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
5128 header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
5130 The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
5131 the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
5132 width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
5133 height) of the specified image.
5135 The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
5136 The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
5139 *** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
5140 text property string that may be present at the current window
5141 position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
5142 strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
5145 *** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
5146 supported on text terminals.
5149 *** Support for displaying image slices
5151 **** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
5152 an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
5154 **** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
5155 specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
5157 **** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
5158 specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
5161 *** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
5163 An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
5164 An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
5165 A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
5166 pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
5167 A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
5168 and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
5169 A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
5170 vector describes one corner in the polygon.
5172 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
5173 PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
5174 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
5175 a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
5176 it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
5177 for possible pointer shapes.
5179 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
5180 an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
5181 mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
5184 *** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
5185 The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
5186 search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
5187 in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
5188 Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
5189 you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
5190 explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
5192 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
5194 Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
5195 moved to etc/images.
5198 *** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
5199 search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
5200 external packages to save users from having to update
5204 *** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
5205 images that Emacs will load and display.
5207 ** Mouse pointer features:
5211 *** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
5212 line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
5213 controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
5214 is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
5215 (or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
5218 *** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
5219 :pointer image property.
5222 *** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
5223 controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
5225 ** Mouse event enhancements:
5228 *** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
5229 or `right-fringe' as the area.
5232 *** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
5233 you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
5234 a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
5237 *** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
5240 *** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
5243 *** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
5247 *** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
5251 *** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
5252 of the mouse event position.
5255 *** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
5258 *** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
5259 the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
5262 *** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
5263 (image or character) clicked on.
5266 *** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
5268 These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
5269 pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
5270 the total width and height of that object.
5272 ** Text property and overlay changes:
5275 *** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
5276 remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
5279 *** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5281 This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
5282 properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
5283 although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
5284 to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
5287 *** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
5288 arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
5289 return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
5290 whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
5291 it was found as a text property or not found at all.
5294 *** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
5296 It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
5297 property names as argument rather than a property list.
5302 *** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
5303 Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
5304 needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
5305 the faces to include in the face menu.
5308 *** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
5309 the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
5310 define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
5311 look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
5312 is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
5313 makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
5316 *** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
5317 whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
5319 A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5320 specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5321 defined with `defface'.
5324 *** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5325 or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5326 `defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5327 the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5328 directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5331 *** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5332 `default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5333 defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5337 *** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5338 (or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5339 '((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5340 point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5341 SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5344 *** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5345 whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5346 not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5349 *** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5351 These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5352 face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5356 *** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5357 help with handling relative face attributes.
5360 *** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5362 If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5363 faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5364 releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5365 so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5369 *** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5370 with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5371 not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5372 or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5373 was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5376 *** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5377 the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5379 ** Font-Lock changes:
5382 *** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5384 This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5385 M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5386 property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5387 new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5390 *** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5392 **** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5393 form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5394 properties than `face'.
5396 **** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5397 extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5400 *** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5402 If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5403 (see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5404 be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5405 depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5406 is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5414 Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5415 text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5416 property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5417 refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5419 ** Major mode mechanism changes:
5422 *** `set-auto-mode' now gives the interpreter magic line (if present)
5423 precedence over the file name. Likewise an `<?xml' or `<!DOCTYPE'
5424 declaration will give the buffer XML or SGML mode, based on the new
5425 variable `magic-mode-alist'.
5428 *** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5431 *** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5432 `after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5433 hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5436 *** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5437 property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5441 *** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5442 locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5446 *** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5447 It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5450 *** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5451 are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5452 parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5454 ** Minor mode changes:
5457 *** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5458 and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5461 *** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5464 *** `define-global-minor-mode'.
5466 This is a new name for what was formerly called
5467 `easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5469 ** Command loop changes:
5472 *** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5473 have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5474 calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5476 Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5477 INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5480 *** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5482 If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5483 called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5487 *** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5488 within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5489 covered by an image or composition property.
5491 This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5492 This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5493 unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5494 (including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5495 `post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5498 *** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5499 enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5500 During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5501 is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5502 the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5505 *** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5506 been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5507 `disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5510 *** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5511 when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5513 ** Lisp file loading changes:
5516 *** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5517 which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5518 current file redefined it).
5521 *** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5522 defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5525 *** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5526 variable or face definitions.
5529 *** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5530 to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5531 and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5534 *** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5535 Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5536 than 3 levels of nesting.
5539 ** Byte compiler changes:
5541 *** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5542 position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5543 warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5544 for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5545 compilation output buffer.
5547 *** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5548 inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5550 *** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5551 simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5552 useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5553 Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5556 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5557 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5559 In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5560 won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5561 second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5562 unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5563 macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5564 `unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5566 *** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5567 helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5568 Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5569 efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5570 generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5573 *** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5576 *** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5577 now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5578 (require 'cl) when loaded.
5580 ** Frame operations:
5583 *** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5585 These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5586 horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5589 *** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5590 for all (existing and future) frames.
5593 *** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5594 for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5595 number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5596 Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5599 *** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5600 the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5605 *** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5607 Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5608 from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5609 buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5612 1. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5614 2. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5615 the time it takes to convert the format.
5617 3. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5621 *** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5622 NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5625 *** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5626 to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5627 for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5628 file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5631 *** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5632 of one coding system from another coding system.
5635 *** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5636 the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5640 *** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5641 it is read from a file without decoding.
5644 *** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5645 hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5648 *** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5649 current input method to input a character.
5651 ** Mode line changes:
5654 *** New function `format-mode-line'.
5656 This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5657 specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5660 *** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5661 used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5664 *** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5665 to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5669 *** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5671 ** Menu manipulation changes:
5674 *** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5675 proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5676 "files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5677 several versions ago.
5680 *** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5681 If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5682 as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5684 This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5685 made with easy-menu.
5688 *** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5689 if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5690 into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5691 need to have a name.
5693 ** Operating system access:
5696 *** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5697 run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5700 *** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5701 user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5702 accepts a float as UID parameter.
5705 *** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5708 *** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5709 The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5710 formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5713 *** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5714 debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5719 *** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5721 `find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5722 `find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5723 `write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5724 `write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5725 `x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5726 `x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5727 `delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5729 In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5732 *** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5734 Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5737 *** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5743 *** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5744 as the heap size increases.
5747 *** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5748 on garbage collection.
5751 *** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5753 The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5755 * New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
5758 ** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5759 buttons' in emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5760 `widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5761 doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5762 such things as help and apropos buffers.
5765 ** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5766 of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5767 well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5770 ** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5771 binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5775 ** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5776 buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
5778 It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
5779 and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
5780 buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
5783 This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
5784 sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
5787 (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
5788 (function (lambda ()
5790 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5791 (add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
5792 (function (lambda ()
5793 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5796 ** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
5798 This includes measuring garbage collection time.
5801 ** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
5803 This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
5804 code. It works with edebug.
5806 The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
5807 file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
5808 overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
5809 is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
5810 will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
5812 Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
5813 evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
5814 value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
5815 complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
5816 skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
5817 value, such as (setq x 14).
5819 For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
5820 help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
5821 red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
5822 return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
5823 This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
5824 an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
5828 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
5829 Copyright information:
5831 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
5832 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5834 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
5835 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
5836 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved,
5837 thus giving the recipient permission to redistribute in turn.
5839 Permission is granted to distribute modified versions
5840 of this document, or of portions of it,
5841 under the above conditions, provided also that they
5842 carry prominent notices stating who last changed them.
5846 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"
5849 arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793