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1 GNU Emacs Installation Guide
2 Copyright (C) 1992, 1994, 1996-1997, 2000-2015 Free Software Foundation,
3 Inc.
4 See the end of the file for license conditions.
5
6
7 This file contains general information on building GNU Emacs.
8 For more information specific to the MS-Windows, GNUstep/Mac OS X, and
9 MS-DOS ports, also read the files nt/INSTALL, nextstep/INSTALL, and
10 msdos/INSTALL. For information about building from a repository checkout
11 (rather than a release), also read the file INSTALL.REPO.
12
13
14 BASIC INSTALLATION
15
16 On most Unix systems, you build Emacs by first running the `configure'
17 shell script. This attempts to deduce the correct values for
18 various system-dependent variables and features, and find the
19 directories where certain system headers and libraries are kept.
20 In a few cases, you may need to explicitly tell configure where to
21 find some things, or what options to use.
22
23 `configure' creates a `Makefile' in several subdirectories, and a
24 `src/config.h' file containing system-dependent definitions.
25 Running the `make' utility then builds the package for your system.
26
27 Building Emacs requires GNU make, <http://www.gnu.org/software/make/>.
28 On most systems that Emacs supports, this is the default `make' program.
29
30 Here's the procedure to build Emacs using `configure' on systems which
31 are supported by it. In some cases, if the simplified procedure fails,
32 you might need to use various non-default options, and maybe perform
33 some of the steps manually. The more detailed description in the other
34 sections of this guide will help you do that, so please refer to those
35 sections if you need to.
36
37 1. Unpacking the Emacs 24 release requires about 200 MB of free
38 disk space. Building Emacs uses about another 200 MB of space.
39 The final installed Emacs uses about 150 MB of disk space.
40 This includes the space-saving that comes from automatically
41 compressing the Lisp source files on installation.
42
43 2a. `cd' to the directory where you unpacked Emacs and invoke the
44 `configure' script:
45
46 ./configure
47
48 2b. Alternatively, create a separate directory, outside the source
49 directory, where you want to build Emacs, and invoke `configure'
50 from there:
51
52 SOURCE-DIR/configure
53
54 where SOURCE-DIR is the top-level Emacs source directory.
55
56 3. When `configure' finishes, it prints several lines of details
57 about the system configuration. Read those details carefully
58 looking for anything suspicious, such as wrong CPU and operating
59 system names, wrong places for headers or libraries, missing
60 libraries that you know are installed on your system, etc.
61
62 If you find anything wrong, you may have to pass to `configure'
63 one or more options specifying the explicit machine configuration
64 name, where to find various headers and libraries, etc.
65 Refer to the section DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION below.
66
67 If `configure' didn't find some image support libraries, such as
68 Xpm and jpeg, refer to "Image support libraries" below.
69
70 If the details printed by `configure' don't make any sense to
71 you, but there are no obvious errors, assume that `configure' did
72 its job and proceed.
73
74 4. Invoke the `make' program:
75
76 make
77
78 5. If `make' succeeds, it will build an executable program `emacs'
79 in the `src' directory. You can try this program, to make sure
80 it works:
81
82 src/emacs -Q
83
84 6. Assuming that the program `src/emacs' starts and displays its
85 opening screen, you can install the program and its auxiliary
86 files into their installation directories:
87
88 make install
89
90 You are now ready to use Emacs. If you wish to conserve disk space,
91 you may remove the program binaries and object files from the
92 directory where you built Emacs:
93
94 make clean
95
96 You can delete the entire build directory if you do not plan to
97 build Emacs again, but it can be useful to keep for debugging.
98 If you want to build Emacs again with different configure options,
99 first clean the source directories:
100
101 make distclean
102
103 Note that the install automatically saves space by compressing
104 (provided you have the `gzip' program) those installed Lisp source (.el)
105 files that have corresponding .elc versions, as well as the Info files.
106
107
108 ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION FILES
109
110 * Complex Text Layout support libraries
111
112 On GNU and Unix systems, Emacs needs the optional libraries "m17n-db",
113 "libm17n-flt", "libotf" to correctly display such complex scripts as
114 Indic and Khmer, and also for scripts that require Arabic shaping
115 support (Arabic and Farsi). On some systems, particularly GNU/Linux,
116 these libraries may be already present or available as additional
117 packages. Note that if there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package,
118 for use at compilation time rather than run time, you will need that
119 as well as the corresponding run time package; typically the dev
120 package will contain header files and a library archive. Otherwise,
121 you can download the libraries from <http://www.nongnu.org/m17n/>.
122
123 Note that Emacs cannot support complex scripts on a TTY, unless the
124 terminal includes such a support.
125
126 * intlfonts-VERSION.tar.gz
127
128 The intlfonts distribution contains X11 fonts in various encodings
129 that Emacs can use to display international characters. If you see a
130 non-ASCII character appear as a hollow box, that means you don't have
131 a font for it. You might find one in the intlfonts distribution. If
132 you do have a font for a non-ASCII character, but some characters
133 don't look right, or appear improperly aligned, a font from the
134 intlfonts distribution might look better.
135
136 The fonts in the intlfonts distribution are also used by the ps-print
137 package for printing international characters. The file
138 lisp/ps-mule.el defines the *.bdf font files required for printing
139 each character set.
140
141 The intlfonts distribution contains its own installation instructions,
142 in the intlfonts/README file.
143
144 * Image support libraries
145
146 Emacs needs libraries to display images, with the exception of PBM and
147 XBM images whose support is built-in.
148
149 On some systems, particularly on GNU/Linux, these libraries may
150 already be present or available as additional packages. If
151 there is a separate `dev' or `devel' package, for use at compilation
152 time rather than run time, you will need that as well as the
153 corresponding run time package; typically the dev package will
154 contain header files and a library archive. Otherwise, you can
155 download and build libraries from sources. Although none of them are
156 essential for running Emacs, some are important enough that
157 'configure' will report an error if they are absent from a system that
158 has X11 support, unless 'configure' is specifically told to omit them.
159
160 Here's a list of some of these libraries, and the URLs where they
161 can be found (in the unlikely event that your distribution does not
162 provide them). By default, libraries marked with an X are required if
163 X11 is being used.
164
165 libXaw3d http://directory.fsf.org/project/xaw3d/
166 X libxpm for XPM: http://www.x.org/releases/current/src/lib/
167 X libpng for PNG: http://www.libpng.org/
168 libz (for PNG): http://www.zlib.net/
169 X libjpeg for JPEG: http://www.ijg.org/
170 X libtiff for TIFF: http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/
171 X libgif for GIF: http://sourceforge.net/projects/giflib/
172 librsvg2 for SVG: http://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Projects/LibRsvg
173
174 If you supply the appropriate --without-LIB option, 'configure' will
175 omit the corresponding library from Emacs, even if that makes for a
176 less-pleasant user interface. Otherwise, Emacs will configure itself
177 to build with these libraries if 'configure' finds them on your
178 system, and 'configure' will complain and exit if a library marked 'X'
179 is not found on a system that uses X11. Use --without-LIB if your
180 version of a library won't work because some routines are missing.
181
182 * Extra fonts
183
184 The Emacs distribution does not include fonts and does not install
185 them.
186
187 On the GNU system, Emacs supports both X fonts and local fonts
188 (i.e. fonts managed by the fontconfig library). If you need more
189 fonts than your distribution normally provides, you must install them
190 yourself. See <URL:http://www.gnu.org/software/freefont/> for a large
191 number of free Unicode fonts.
192
193 * GNU/Linux development packages
194
195 Many GNU/Linux systems do not come with development packages by default;
196 they include the files that you need to run Emacs, but not those you
197 need to compile it. For example, to compile Emacs with support for X
198 and graphics libraries, you may need to install the `X development'
199 package(s), and development versions of the jpeg, png, etc. packages.
200
201 The names of the packages that you need varies according to the
202 GNU/Linux distribution that you use, and the options that you want to
203 configure Emacs with. On Debian-based systems, you can install all the
204 packages needed to build the installed version of Emacs with a command
205 like `apt-get build-dep emacs24'. On Red Hat systems, the
206 corresponding command is `yum-builddep emacs'.
207
208
209 DETAILED BUILDING AND INSTALLATION:
210
211 (This is for a Unix or Unix-like system. For GNUstep and Mac OS X,
212 see nextstep/INSTALL. For non-ancient versions of MS Windows, see
213 the file nt/INSTALL. For MS-DOS and MS Windows 3.X, see msdos/INSTALL.)
214
215 1) See the basic installation summary above for the disk space requirements.
216
217 2) In the unlikely event that `configure' does not detect your system
218 type correctly, consult `./etc/MACHINES' to see what --host, --build
219 options you should pass to `configure'. That file also offers hints
220 for getting around some possible installation problems.
221
222 3) You can build Emacs in the top-level Emacs source directory
223 or in a separate directory.
224
225 3a) To build in the top-level Emacs source directory, go to that
226 directory and run the program `configure' as follows:
227
228 ./configure [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
229
230 If `configure' cannot determine your system type, try again
231 specifying the proper --build, --host options explicitly.
232
233 If you don't want X support, specify `--with-x=no'. If you omit this
234 option, `configure' will try to figure out for itself whether your
235 system has X, and arrange to use it if present.
236
237 The `--x-includes=DIR' and `--x-libraries=DIR' options tell the build
238 process where the compiler should look for the include files and
239 object libraries used with the X Window System. Normally, `configure'
240 is able to find them; these options are necessary if you have your X
241 Window System files installed in unusual places. These options also
242 accept a list of directories, separated with colons.
243
244 To get more attractive menus, you can specify an X toolkit when you
245 configure Emacs; use the option `--with-x-toolkit=TOOLKIT', where
246 TOOLKIT is `gtk' (the default), `athena', or `motif' (`yes' and
247 `lucid' are synonyms for `athena'). Compiling with Motif causes a
248 standard File Selection Dialog to pop up when you invoke file commands
249 with the mouse. You can get fancy 3D-style scroll bars, even without
250 Gtk or Motif, if you have the Xaw3d library installed (see
251 "Image support libraries" above for Xaw3d availability).
252
253 You can tell configure where to search for GTK by giving it the
254 argument PKG_CONFIG='/full/name/of/pkg-config'.
255
256 Emacs will autolaunch a D-Bus session bus, when the environment
257 variable DISPLAY is set, but no session bus is running. This might be
258 inconvenient for Emacs when running as daemon or running via a remote
259 ssh connection. In order to completely prevent the use of D-Bus, configure
260 Emacs with the options `--without-dbus --without-gconf --without-gsettings'.
261
262 The Emacs mail reader RMAIL is configured to be able to read mail from
263 a POP3 server by default. Versions of the POP protocol older than
264 POP3 are not supported. For Kerberos-authenticated POP add
265 `--with-kerberos', for Hesiod support add `--with-hesiod'. While POP3
266 is always enabled, whether Emacs actually uses POP is controlled by
267 individual users--see the Rmail chapter of the Emacs manual.
268
269 For image support you may have to download, build, and install the
270 appropriate image support libraries for image types other than XBM and
271 PBM, see the list of URLs in "Image support libraries" above.
272 (Note that PNG support requires libz in addition to libpng.)
273
274 To disable individual types of image support in Emacs for some reason,
275 even though configure finds the libraries, you can configure with one
276 or more of these options:
277
278 --without-xpm for XPM image support
279 --without-jpeg for JPEG image support
280 --without-tiff for TIFF image support
281 --without-gif for GIF image support
282 --without-png for PNG image support
283 --without-rsvg for SVG image support
284
285 Use --without-toolkit-scroll-bars to disable Motif or Xaw3d scroll bars.
286
287 Use --without-xim to inhibit the default use of X Input Methods.
288 In this case, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn on use of XIM.
289
290 Use --disable-largefile to omit support for files larger than 2GB on
291 systems which support that.
292
293 Use --without-sound to disable sound support.
294
295 Use --without-all for a smaller executable with fewer dependencies on
296 external libraries, at the cost of disabling many features. Although
297 --without-all disables libraries not needed for ordinary Emacs
298 operation, it does enable X support, and using the GTK2 or GTK3
299 toolkit creates a lot of library dependencies. So if you want to
300 build a small executable with very basic X support, use --without-all
301 --with-x-toolkit=no. For the smallest possible executable without X,
302 use --without-all --without-x. If you want to build with just a few
303 features enabled, you can combine --without-all with --with-FEATURE.
304 For example, you can use --without-all --without-x --with-dbus to
305 build with DBus support and nothing more.
306
307 Use --with-wide-int to implement Emacs values with the type 'long long',
308 even on hosts where a narrower type would do. With this option, on a
309 typical 32-bit host, Emacs integers have 62 bits instead of 30.
310
311 Use --enable-gcc-warnings to enable compile-time checks that warn
312 about possibly-questionable C code. This is intended for developers
313 and is useful with GNU-compatible compilers. On a recent GNU system
314 there should be no warnings; on older and on non-GNU systems the
315 generated warnings may still be useful.
316
317 Use --enable-silent-rules to cause 'make' to chatter less. This is
318 helpful when combined with options like --enable-gcc-warnings that
319 generate long shell-command lines. 'make V=0' also suppresses the
320 chatter.
321
322 Use --enable-link-time-optimization to enable link-time optimizer. If
323 you're using GNU compiler, this feature is supported since version 4.5.0.
324 If `configure' can determine number of online CPUS on your system, final
325 link-time optimization and code generation is executed in parallel using
326 one job per each available online CPU.
327
328 This option is also supported for clang. You should have GNU binutils
329 with `gold' linker and plugin support, and clang with LLVMgold.so plugin.
330 Read http://llvm.org/docs/GoldPlugin.html for details. Also note that
331 this feature is still experimental, so prepare to build binutils and
332 clang from the corresponding source code repositories.
333
334 The `--prefix=PREFIXDIR' option specifies where the installation process
335 should put emacs and its data files. This defaults to `/usr/local'.
336 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in PREFIXDIR/bin
337 (unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise).
338 - The architecture-independent files go in PREFIXDIR/share/emacs/VERSION
339 (where VERSION is the version number of Emacs, like `23.2').
340 - The architecture-dependent files go in
341 PREFIXDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION
342 (where CONFIGURATION is the configuration name, like
343 i686-pc-linux-gnu), unless the `--exec-prefix' option says otherwise.
344
345 The `--exec-prefix=EXECDIR' option allows you to specify a separate
346 portion of the directory tree for installing architecture-specific
347 files, like executables and utility programs. If specified,
348 - Emacs (and the other utilities users run) go in EXECDIR/bin, and
349 - The architecture-dependent files go in
350 EXECDIR/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION.
351 EXECDIR/bin should be a directory that is normally in users' PATHs.
352
353 For example, the command
354
355 ./configure --build=i386-linux-gnu --without-sound
356
357 configures Emacs to build for a 32-bit GNU/Linux distribution,
358 without sound support.
359
360 `configure' doesn't do any compilation or installation itself.
361 It just creates the files that influence those things:
362 `./Makefile' in the top-level directory and several subdirectories;
363 and `./src/config.h'.
364
365 When it is done, `configure' prints a description of what it did and
366 creates a shell script `config.status' which, when run, recreates the
367 same configuration. If `configure' exits with an error after
368 disturbing the status quo, it removes `config.status'. `configure'
369 also creates a file `config.cache' that saves the results of its tests
370 to make reconfiguring faster, and a file `config.log' containing compiler
371 output (useful mainly for debugging `configure'). You can give
372 `configure' the option `--cache-file=FILE' to use the results of the
373 tests in FILE instead of `config.cache'. Set FILE to `/dev/null' to
374 disable caching, for debugging `configure'.
375
376 If the description of the system configuration printed by `configure'
377 is not right, or if it claims some of the features or libraries are not
378 available when you know they are, look at the `config.log' file for
379 the trace of the failed tests performed by `configure' to check
380 whether these features are supported. Typically, some test fails
381 because the compiler cannot find some function in the system
382 libraries, or some macro-processor definition in the system headers.
383
384 Some tests might fail because the compiler should look in special
385 directories for some header files, or link against optional
386 libraries, or use special compilation options. You can force
387 `configure' and the build process which follows it to do that by
388 setting the variables CPPFLAGS, CFLAGS, LDFLAGS, LIBS, CPP and CC
389 before running `configure'. CPP is the command which invokes the
390 preprocessor, CPPFLAGS lists the options passed to it, CFLAGS are
391 compilation options, LDFLAGS are options used when linking, LIBS are
392 libraries to link against, and CC is the command which invokes the
393 compiler. By default, gcc is used if available.
394
395 Here's an example of a `configure' invocation, assuming a Bourne-like
396 shell such as Bash, which uses these variables:
397
398 ./configure \
399 CPPFLAGS='-I/foo/myinclude' LDFLAGS='-L/bar/mylib' \
400 CFLAGS='-O3' LIBS='-lfoo -lbar'
401
402 (this is all one shell command). This tells `configure' to instruct the
403 preprocessor to look in the `/foo/myinclude' directory for header
404 files (in addition to the standard directories), instruct the linker
405 to look in `/bar/mylib' for libraries, pass the -O3 optimization
406 switch to the compiler, and link against libfoo and libbar
407 libraries in addition to the standard ones.
408
409 For some libraries, like Gtk+, fontconfig and ALSA, `configure' uses
410 pkg-config to find where those libraries are installed.
411 If you want pkg-config to look in special directories, you have to set
412 PKG_CONFIG_PATH to point to the directories where the .pc-files for
413 those libraries are. For example:
414
415 ./configure \
416 PKG_CONFIG_PATH='/usr/local/alsa/lib/pkgconfig:/opt/gtk+-2.8/lib/pkgconfig'
417
418 3b) To build in a separate directory, go to that directory
419 and run the program `configure' as follows:
420
421 SOURCE-DIR/configure CONFIGURATION-NAME [--OPTION[=VALUE]] ...
422
423 SOURCE-DIR refers to the top-level Emacs source directory which is
424 where Emacs's configure script is located. `configure' looks for the
425 Emacs source code in the directory that `configure' is in.
426
427 4) Put into `./lisp/site-init.el' or `./lisp/site-load.el' any Emacs
428 Lisp code you want Emacs to load before it is dumped out. Use
429 site-load.el for additional libraries if you arrange for their
430 documentation strings to be in the etc/DOC file (see
431 src/Makefile.in if you wish to figure out how to do that). For all
432 else, use site-init.el. Do not load byte-compiled code which
433 was built with a non-nil value of `byte-compile-dynamic'.
434
435 It is not a good idea to edit the normal .el files that come with Emacs.
436 Instead, use a file like site-init.el to change settings.
437
438 To change the value of a variable that is already defined in Emacs,
439 you should use the Lisp function `setq', not `defvar'. For example,
440
441 (setq news-inews-program "/usr/bin/inews")
442
443 is how you would override the default value of the variable
444 news-inews-program.
445
446 Before you override a variable this way, *look at the value* that the
447 variable gets by default! Make sure you know what kind of value the
448 variable should have. If you don't pay attention to what you are
449 doing, you'll make a mistake.
450
451 The `site-*.el' files are nonexistent in the distribution. You do not
452 need to create them if you have nothing to put in them.
453
454 5) Refer to the file `./etc/TERMS' for information on fields you may
455 wish to add to various termcap entries. (This is unlikely to be necessary.)
456
457 6) Run `make' in the top directory of the Emacs distribution to finish
458 building Emacs in the standard way. The final executable file is
459 named `src/emacs'. You can execute this file "in place" without
460 copying it, if you wish; then it automatically uses the sibling
461 directories ../lisp, ../lib-src, ../info.
462
463 Or you can "install" the executable and the other files into their
464 installed locations, with `make install'. By default, Emacs's files
465 are installed in the following directories:
466
467 `/usr/local/bin' holds the executable programs users normally run -
468 `emacs', `etags', `ctags', `emacsclient'.
469
470 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp' holds the Emacs Lisp library;
471 `VERSION' stands for the number of the Emacs version
472 you are installing, like `23.1' or `23.2'. Since the
473 Lisp library changes from one version of Emacs to
474 another, including the version number in the path
475 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed
476 at the same time; in particular, you don't have to
477 make Emacs unavailable while installing a new version.
478
479 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/etc' holds the Emacs tutorial, the DOC
480 file, and other architecture-independent files Emacs
481 might need while running.
482
483 `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME' contains executable
484 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to
485 run themselves.
486 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are
487 installing, and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the value
488 deduced by the `configure' program to identify the
489 architecture and operating system of your machine,
490 like `i686-pc-linux-gnu' or `sparc-sun-sunos'. Since
491 these files are specific to the version of Emacs,
492 operating system, and architecture in use, including
493 the configuration name in the path allows you to have
494 several versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and
495 operating systems installed at the same time; this is
496 useful for sites at which different kinds of machines
497 share the file system Emacs is installed on.
498
499 `/usr/local/share/info' holds the on-line documentation for Emacs,
500 known as "info files". Many other GNU programs are
501 documented using info files as well, so this directory
502 stands apart from the other, Emacs-specific directories.
503
504 `/usr/local/share/man/man1' holds the man pages for the programs installed
505 in `/usr/local/bin'.
506
507 Any version of Emacs, whether installed or not, also looks for Lisp
508 files in these directories.
509
510 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp
511 files installed for Emacs version VERSION only.
512
513 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp' holds the local Emacs Lisp
514 files installed for all Emacs versions.
515
516 When Emacs is installed, it searches for its Lisp files
517 in `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/site-lisp', then in
518 `/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp', and finally in
519 `/usr/local/share/emacs/VERSION/lisp'.
520
521 If these directories are not what you want, you can specify where to
522 install Emacs's libraries and data files or where Emacs should search
523 for its Lisp files by giving values for `make' variables as part of
524 the command. See the section below called `MAKE VARIABLES' for more
525 information on this.
526
527 7) Check the file `dir' in your site's info directory (usually
528 /usr/local/share/info) to make sure that it has a menu entry for the
529 Emacs info files.
530
531 8) If your system uses lock files to interlock access to mailer inbox files,
532 then you might need to make the movemail program setuid or setgid
533 to enable it to write the lock files. We believe this is safe.
534
535 9) You are done! You can remove executables and object files from
536 the build directory by typing `make clean'. To also remove the files
537 that `configure' created (so you can compile Emacs for a different
538 configuration), type `make distclean'.
539
540
541 MAKE VARIABLES
542
543 You can change where the build process installs Emacs and its data
544 files by specifying values for `make' variables as part of the `make'
545 command line. For example, if you type
546
547 make install bindir=/usr/local/gnubin
548
549 the `bindir=/usr/local/gnubin' argument indicates that the Emacs
550 executable files should go in `/usr/local/gnubin', not
551 `/usr/local/bin'.
552
553 Here is a complete list of the variables you may want to set.
554
555 `bindir' indicates where to put executable programs that users can
556 run. This defaults to /usr/local/bin.
557
558 `datadir' indicates where to put the architecture-independent
559 read-only data files that Emacs refers to while it runs; it
560 defaults to /usr/local/share. We create the following
561 subdirectories under `datadir':
562 - `emacs/VERSION/lisp', containing the Emacs Lisp library, and
563 - `emacs/VERSION/etc', containing the tutorials, DOC file, etc.
564 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
565 like `23.1' or `23.2'. Since these files vary from one version
566 of Emacs to another, including the version number in the path
567 allows you to have several versions of Emacs installed at the
568 same time; this means that you don't have to make Emacs
569 unavailable while installing a new version.
570
571 `libexecdir' indicates where to put architecture-specific data files that
572 Emacs refers to as it runs; it defaults to `/usr/local/libexec'.
573 We create the following subdirectories under `libexecdir':
574 - `emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME', containing executable
575 programs used by Emacs that users are not expected to run
576 themselves.
577 `VERSION' is the number of the Emacs version you are installing,
578 and `CONFIGURATION-NAME' is the value deduced by the
579 `configure' program to identify the architecture and operating
580 system of your machine, like `i686-pc-linux-gnu' or `sparc-sun-sunos'.
581 Since these files are specific to the version of Emacs,
582 operating system, and architecture in use, including the
583 configuration name in the path allows you to have several
584 versions of Emacs for any mix of machines and operating
585 systems installed at the same time; this is useful for sites
586 at which different kinds of machines share the file system
587 Emacs is installed on.
588
589 `infodir' indicates where to put the info files distributed with
590 Emacs; it defaults to `/usr/local/share/info'.
591
592 `mandir' indicates where to put the man pages for Emacs and its
593 utilities (like `etags'); it defaults to
594 `/usr/local/share/man/man1'.
595
596 `prefix' doesn't give a path for any specific part of Emacs; instead,
597 its value is used to determine the defaults for all the
598 architecture-independent path variables - `datadir',
599 `sharedstatedir', `infodir', and `mandir'. Its default value is
600 `/usr/local'; the other variables add on `lib' or `man' to it
601 by default.
602
603 For example, suppose your site generally places GNU software
604 under `/usr/users/software/gnusoft' instead of `/usr/local'.
605 By including
606 `prefix=/usr/users/software/gnusoft'
607 in the arguments to `make', you can instruct the build process
608 to place all of the Emacs data files in the appropriate
609 directories under that path.
610
611 `exec_prefix' serves the same purpose as `prefix', but instead
612 determines the default values for the architecture-dependent
613 path variables - `bindir' and `libexecdir'.
614
615 The above variables serve analogous purposes in the makefiles for all
616 GNU software; the following variables are specific to Emacs.
617
618 `archlibdir' indicates where Emacs installs and expects the executable
619 files and other architecture-dependent data it uses while
620 running. Its default value, based on `libexecdir' (which
621 see), is `/usr/local/libexec/emacs/VERSION/CONFIGURATION-NAME'
622 (where VERSION and CONFIGURATION-NAME are as described above).
623
624 `GZIP_PROG' is the name of the executable that compresses installed info,
625 manual, and .el files. It defaults to gzip. Setting it to
626 the empty string suppresses compression.
627
628 Remember that you must specify any variable values you need each time
629 you run `make' in the top directory. If you run `make' once to build
630 emacs, test it, and then run `make' again to install the files, you
631 must provide the same variable settings each time. To make the
632 settings persist, you can edit them into the `Makefile' in the top
633 directory, but be aware that running the `configure' program erases
634 `Makefile' and rebuilds it from `Makefile.in'.
635
636 The path for finding Lisp files is specified in src/epaths.h,
637 a file which is generated by running configure. To change the path,
638 you can edit the definition of PATH_LOADSEARCH in that file
639 before you run `make'.
640
641 The top-level Makefile stores the variable settings it used in the
642 Makefiles for the subdirectories, so you don't have to specify them
643 when running make in the subdirectories.
644
645
646 PROBLEMS
647
648 See the file `./etc/PROBLEMS' for a list of various problems sometimes
649 encountered, and what to do about them.
650 \f
651 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
652
653 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
654 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
655 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
656 (at your option) any later version.
657
658 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
659 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
660 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
661 GNU General Public License for more details.
662
663 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
664 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.