1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
3 Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end of the file for license conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in Emacs version 25.
11 See file HISTORY for a list of GNU Emacs versions and release dates.
12 See files NEWS.24, NEWS.23, NEWS.22, NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18,
13 and NEWS.1-17 for changes in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
19 +++ indicates that all necessary documentation updates are complete.
20 (This means all relevant manuals in doc/ AND lisp doc-strings.)
21 --- means no change in the manuals is needed.
22 When you add a new item, use the appropriate mark if you are sure it applies,
23 otherwise leave it unmarked.
26 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.2
29 ** New configure option ‘--disable-build-details’ attempts to build an
30 Emacs that is more likely to be reproducible; that is, if you build
31 and install Emacs twice, the second Emacs is a copy of the first.
32 Deterministic builds omit the build date from the output of the
33 emacs-version and erc-cmd-SV functions, and the leave the following
34 variables nil: emacs-build-system, emacs-build-time,
38 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.2
41 * Changes in Emacs 25.2
44 ** `align-regexp' has a separate history for its interactive argument
45 `align-regexp' no longer shares its history with all other
46 history-less functions that use `read-string'
49 ** The networking code has been reworked so that it's more
50 asynchronous than it was (when specifying :nowait t in
51 `make-network-process'). How asynchronous it is varies based on the
52 capabilities of the system, but on a typical GNU/Linux system the DNS
53 resolution, the connection, and (for TLS streams) the TLS negotiation
54 are all done without blocking the main Emacs thread. To get
55 asynchronous TLS, the TLS boot parameters have to be passed in (see
56 the manual for details).
58 Certain process oriented functions (like `process-datagram-address')
59 will block until socket setup has been performed. The recommended way
60 to deal with asynchronous sockets is to avoid interacting with them
61 until they have changed status to "run". This is most easily done
62 from a process sentinel.
64 ** `make-network-stream' has always allowed :service to be specified
65 as a "number string" (i.e., :service "993") when using gethostbyname,
66 but has required using a real number (i.e., :service 993) on systems
67 without gethostbyname. This difference has now been eliminated, and
68 you can use "number strings" on all systems.
70 ** It is possible to disable attempted recovery on fatal signals
72 Two new variables allow to disable attempts to recover from stack
73 overflow and to avoid automatic auto-save when Emacs is delivered a
74 fatal signal. `attempt-stack-overflow-recovery', if set to `nil',
75 will disable attempts to recover from C stack overflows; Emacs will
76 then crash as with any other fatal signal.
77 `attempt-orderly-shutdown-on-fatal-signal', if set to `nil', will
78 disable attempts to auto-save the session and shut down in an orderly
79 fashion when Emacs receives a fatal signal; instead, Emacs will
80 terminate immediately. Both variables are non-`nil' by default.
81 These variables are for users who would like to avoid the small
82 probability of data corruption due to techniques Emacs uses to recover
86 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.2
89 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
94 *** A new `s' command for switching to another eww buffer via the minibuffer.
97 *** The `o' command (`shr-save-contents') has moved to `O' to avoid collision
98 with the `o' command from `image-map'.
101 ** The commands that add ChangeLog entries now prefer a VCS root directory
102 for the ChangeLog file, if none already exists. Customize
103 `change-log-directory-files' to nil for the old behavior.
106 ** Support for non-string values of `time-stamp-format' has been removed.
111 *** New connection method "sg", which allows to edit files under
115 *** New connection method "doas" for OpenBSD hosts.
118 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
121 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
124 ** Resizing a frame no longer runs `window-configuration-change-hook'.
125 Put your function on `window-size-change-functions' instead.
128 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
130 ** New var syntax-ppss-table to control the syntax-table used in syntax-ppss
132 ** Autoload files can be generated without timestamps,
133 by setting `autoload-timestamps' to nil.
134 FIXME As an experiment, nil is the current default.
135 If no insurmountable problems before next release, it can stay that way.
137 ** `ert-with-function-mocked' of 'ert-x package allows mocking of functions
141 ** New functions `window-pixel-width-before-size-change' and
142 `window-pixel-height-before-size-change' allow to detect which window
143 changed size when `window-size-change-functions' are run.
146 * Changes in Emacs 25.2 on Non-Free Operating Systems
148 ** Intercepting hotkeys on Windows 7 and later now works better.
149 The new keyboard hooking code properly grabs system hotkeys such as
150 Win-* and Alt-TAB, in a way that Emacs can get at them before the
151 system. This makes the `w32-register-hot-key' functionality work
152 again on all versions of MS-Windows starting with Windows 7. On
153 Windows NT and later you can now register any hotkey combination. (On
154 Windows 9X, the previous limitations, spelled out in the Emacs manual,
158 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.1
161 ** Building Emacs now requires C99 or later.
164 ** Building Emacs now requires GNU make, version 3.81 or later.
167 ** New configure option --with-cairo.
168 This builds Emacs with Cairo drawing. As a side effect, it provides
169 support for built-in printing, when Emacs was built with GTK+.
170 Cairo drawing is an experimental feature in Emacs, and subject to
171 change in future releases.
174 ** New configure option --with-modules.
175 This enables support for loading dynamic modules; see below.
178 ** By default, Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs
179 users are not affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in
180 December 2013. If you are affected, please send a bug report. You
181 should be able to work around the problem either by porting the Emacs
182 undumping code to GCC under IRIX, or by configuring --with-wide-int,
183 or by sticking with Emacs 24.4.
186 ** The Emacs garbage collector assumes GC_MARK_STACK == GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS.
187 The GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS stack-marking variant has been the default
188 since Emacs 24.4, and the other variants were undocumented and were
189 obstacles to maintenance and development. GC_MARK_STACK and its
190 related symbols have been removed from the C internals.
193 ** 'configure' now prefers gnustep-config when configuring GNUstep.
194 If gnustep-config is not available, the old heuristics are used.
197 ** 'configure' now prefers inotify to gfile for file notification,
198 unless gfile is explicitly requested via --with-file-notification='gfile'.
201 ** 'configure' detects the kqueue file notification library on *BSD
202 and Mac OS X machines.
205 ** The configure option '--with-pkg-config-prog' has been removed.
206 Use './configure PKG_CONFIG=/full/name/of/pkg-config' if you need to.
209 ** The configure option '--with-mmdf' has been removed.
210 It was no longer useful, as it relied on libraries that are no longer
211 supported, and its presence led to confusion during configuration.
212 This affects only the 'movemail' utility; Emacs itself can still
213 process MMDF-format files as before.
216 ** The configure option '--enable-silent-rules' is now the default,
217 and silent rules are now quieter. To get the old behavior where
218 'make' chatters a lot, configure with '--disable-silent-rules' or
219 build with 'make V=1'.
222 ** The configure option '--with-gameuser' now allows you to specify a
223 group instead of a user if its argument is prefixed by ':' (a colon).
224 This will cause the game score files in ${localstatedir}/games/emacs
225 to be owned by that group, and the helper program for updating them to
226 be installed setgid. The option now defaults to the 'games' group.
229 ** The `grep-changelog' script (and its manual page) are no longer included.
230 It has no particular connection to Emacs and has not changed in years,
231 so if you want to use it, you can always take a copy from an older Emacs.
234 ** Emacs 25 comes with a new set of icons.
235 Various resolutions are available as etc/images/icons/hicolor/*/apps/emacs.png.
236 The old Emacs logo icons are available as `emacs23.png' in the same location.
239 ** New make target `check-expensive' to run additional tests.
240 This includes all tests which run via "make check", plus additional
241 tests which take more time to perform.
244 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.1
247 ** When Emacs is given a file as a command line argument and
248 `initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, display both the file and
249 `initial-buffer-choice'. When Emacs is given more than one file and
250 `initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, show `initial-buffer-choice'
251 and *Buffer List*. This makes Emacs convenient to use from the
252 command line when `initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil.
255 ** The value of ‘initial-scratch-message’ is now treated as a doc string
256 and can contain escape sequences for command keys, quotes, and the like.
259 * Changes in Emacs 25.1
262 ** Xwidgets: a new feature for embedding native widgets inside Emacs buffers.
263 If you have gtk3 and webkitgtk3 installed, and Emacs was built with
264 xwidget support, you can access the embedded webkit browser with `M-x
265 xwidget-webkit-browse-url'. This opens a new buffer with the embedded
266 browser. The buffer will have a new mode, `xwidget-webkit-mode'
267 (similar to `image-mode'), which supports the webkit widget.
270 *** New functions for xwidget-webkit mode `xwidget-webkit-insert-string',
271 `xwidget-webkit-adjust-size-dispatch', `xwidget-webkit-back',
272 `xwidget-webkit-browse-url', `xwidget-webkit-reload',
273 `xwidget-webkit-current-url', `xwidget-webkit-scroll-backward',
274 `xwidget-webkit-scroll-forward', `xwidget-webkit-scroll-down',
275 `xwidget-webkit-scroll-up'.
278 ** Emacs can now load shared/dynamic libraries (modules).
279 A dynamic Emacs module is a shared library that provides additional
280 functionality for use in Emacs Lisp programs, just like a package
281 written in Emacs Lisp would. The functions `load', `require',
282 `load-file', etc. were extended to load such modules, as they do with
283 Emacs Lisp packages. The new variable `module-file-suffix' holds the
284 system-dependent value of the file-name extension (`.so' on Posix
285 hosts) of the module files.
287 A module should export a C-callable function named
288 `emacs_module_init', which Emacs will call as part of the call to
289 `load' or `require' which loads the module. It should also export a
290 symbol named `plugin_is_GPL_compatible' to indicate that its code is
291 released under the GPL or compatible license; Emacs will refuse to
292 load modules that don't export such a symbol.
294 If a module needs to call Emacs functions, it should do so through the
295 API defined and documented in the header file `emacs-module.h'. Note
296 that any module that provides Lisp-callable functions will have to use
297 Emacs functions such as `fset' and `funcall', in order to register its
298 functions with the Emacs Lisp interpreter.
300 Modules can create `user-ptr' Lisp objects that embed pointers to C
301 struct's defined by the module. This is useful for keeping around
302 complex data structures created by a module, to be passed back to the
303 module's functions. User-ptr objects can also have associated
304 "finalizers" -- functions to be run when the object is GC'ed; this is
305 useful for freeing any resources allocated for the underlying data
306 structure, such as memory, open file descriptors, etc. A new
307 predicate `user-ptrp' returns non-nil if its argument is a `user-ptr'
310 Loadable modules in Emacs are an experimental feature, and subject to
311 change in future releases. For that reason, their support is disabled
312 by default, and must be enabled by using the `--with-modules' option
316 ** A second dir-local file (.dir-locals-2.el) is now accepted.
317 See the variable `dir-locals-file-2' for more information.
320 ** Network security (TLS/SSL certificate validity and the like) is
321 added via the new Network Security Manager (NSM) and controlled via
322 the `network-security-level' variable.
325 ** International domain names (IDNA) are now encoded via the new
326 puny.el library, so that one can visit web sites like
327 "http://méxico.icom.museum".
330 ** C-h l now also lists the commands that were run.
332 ** The new M-s M-w key binding uses eww to search the web for the
336 ** The new `timer-list' command lists all active timers in a buffer
337 where you can cancel them with the `c' command.
339 ** M-x suggests shorthands and ignores obsolete commands for completion.
340 ** x-select-enable-clipboard is renamed select-enable-clipboard.
341 x-select-enable-primary and renamed select-enable-primary.
342 Additionally they both now apply to all systems (OSX, GNUstep, Windows, you
343 name it), with the proviso that on some systems (e.g. Windows)
344 select-enable-primary is ineffective since the system doesn't
345 have the equivalent of a primary selection.
348 ** New option `switch-to-buffer-in-dedicated-window' allows you to
349 customize how `switch-to-buffer' proceeds interactively when the
350 selected window is strongly dedicated to its buffer.
353 ** The option `even-window-heights' has been renamed to
354 `even-window-sizes' and now handles window widths as well.
357 ** New function `read-multiple-choice' use to prompt for
358 multiple-choice questions, with a handy way to display help texts.
361 ** terpri gets an optional arg ENSURE to conditionally output a newline.
364 ** `insert-register' now leaves point after the inserted text
365 when called interactively. A prefix argument toggles this behavior.
368 ** The new variable `term-file-aliases' replaces some files from lisp/term.
369 The function `tty-run-terminal-initialization' consults this variable
370 when deciding what terminal-specific initialization code to run.
373 ** New variable `system-configuration-features', listing some of the
374 main features that Emacs was compiled with. This is mainly intended
375 for use in Emacs bug reports.
378 ** A password is now hidden also when typed in batch mode. Another
379 hiding character but the default `.' can be used by let-binding the
380 variable `read-hide-char'.
383 ** New input methods: `tamil-dvorak' and `programmer-dvorak'.
386 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.1
389 ** M-x suggests shorthands and ignores obsolete commands for completion.
394 *** Successive single-char deletions are collapsed in the undo-log just like
395 successive char insertions. Which commands invoke this behavior is
396 controlled by the new `undo-auto-amalgamate' function. See the node
397 "Undo" in the ELisp manual for more details.
400 *** The heuristic used to insert `undo-boundary' after each command
401 has changed, so that if a command causes changes in more than just the
402 current buffer, Emacs now calls `undo-boundary' in every buffer
403 affected by the command.
406 ** New command `comment-line' bound to `C-x C-;'.
408 ** New and improved facilities for inserting Unicode characters
411 *** Unicode names entered via C-x 8 RET now use substring completion by default.
414 *** C-x 8 now has shorthands for these chars: ‐ ‑ ‒ – — ― ‘ ’ “ ” † ‡ • ′ ″
415 € № ← → ↔ − ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥. As before, you can type C-x 8 C-h to list shorthands.
418 *** New minor mode electric-quote-mode for quoting ‘like this’ and “like this”
419 as you type. See also the new variable ‘text-quoting-style’.
422 ** New minor mode global-eldoc-mode is enabled by default.
425 ** Emacs now uses "bracketed paste mode" on text terminals that support it.
426 Bracketed paste mode causes text terminals to wrap pasted text in special
427 escape sequences that allow Emacs to tell the difference between text
428 you type and text you paste from other applications. Emacs then
429 avoids interpreting each character in the pasted text as it does with
430 keyboard input, which results in a paste experience similar to that
431 under a window system, and significant performance improvements when
432 pasting large amounts of text.
434 Bracketed paste mode is disabled by default, so Emacs automatically
435 enables it at startup if the terminal supports it.
438 ** Emacs now supports the latest version of the UBA.
439 The Emacs implementation of the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UBA)
440 was updated to support all the latest additions and changes introduced
441 in Unicode Standard versions 6.3, 7.0, and the latest Unicode 8.0.
442 This includes full support for directional isolates and the
443 Bidirectional Parentheses Algorithm (BPA) specified by these Unicode
447 ** You can access `mouse-buffer-menu' (C-down-mouse-1) using C-f10.
450 ** New buffer-local `electric-pair-local-mode'.
453 ** New variable `fast-but-imprecise-scrolling' inhibits
454 fontification during full screen scrolling operations, giving less
455 hesitant operation during auto-repeat of C-v, M-v at the cost of
456 possible inaccuracies in the end position.
459 ** New documentation command `describe-symbol'.
460 Works for functions, variables, faces, etc. It is bound to `C-h o' by
464 ** New function `custom-prompt-customize-unsaved-options' checks for
465 unsaved customizations and prompts user to customize (if found). It
466 is intended for adding to 'kill-emacs-query-functions'.
469 ** The old `C-x w' bindings in hi-lock-mode are officially deprecated
470 in favor of the global `M-s h' bindings introduced in Emacs-23.1.
471 They'll disappear soon.
474 ** New bindings for 'query-replace-map'.
475 `undo', undo the last replacement; bound to `u'.
476 `undo-all', undo all replacements; bound to `U'.
479 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
484 *** New command `checkdoc-package-keywords' checks if the
485 current package keywords are recognized. Set the new option
486 `checkdoc-package-keywords-flag' to non-nil to make
487 `checkdoc-current-buffer' call this function automatically.
490 *** New function `checkdoc-file' checks for style errors.
491 It's meant for use together with `compile':
492 emacs -batch --eval "(checkdoc-file \"subr.el\")"
497 *** The desktop format version has been upgraded from 206 to 208.
498 Although Emacs 25.1 can read a version 206 desktop, earlier Emacsen
499 cannot read a version 208 desktop. To upgrade your desktop file, you
500 must explicitly request the upgrade, by C-u M-x desktop-save. You are
501 recommended to do this as soon as you have firmly upgraded to Emacs
502 25.1 (or later). Should you ever need to downgrade your desktop file
503 to version 206, you can do this with C-u C-u M-x desktop-save.
506 ** New function `bookmark-set-no-overwrite' bound to C-x r M.
507 It raises an error if a bookmark of that name already exists,
508 unlike `bookmark-set' which silently updates an existing bookmark.
513 *** New user options `mm-html-inhibit-images' and `mm-html-blocked-images'
514 now control how mm-* functions fetch and display images in an HTML
515 message. Gnus still uses `gnus-inhibit-images' and `gnus-blocked-images'
516 for that purpose, i.e., binds mm-html- variables with those gnus-
517 variables, but other packages do not have to bind gnus- variables now.
520 *** `mm-inline-text-html-with-images' has been removed.
521 Use `mm-html-inhibit-images' instead. Note that the value is opposite
527 *** `imap-ssl-program' has been removed, and imap.el uses the internal
528 GnuTLS encryption functions if possible.
533 *** `json-pretty-print' and `json-pretty-print-buffer' now maintain
534 the ordering of object keys by default.
537 *** New commands `json-pretty-print-ordered' and
538 `json-pretty-print-buffer-ordered' pretty prints JSON objects with
539 object keys sorted alphabetically.
542 ** Prog mode has some support for multi-mode indentation.
543 This allows better indentation support in modes that support multiple
544 programming languages in the same buffer, like literate programming
545 environments or ANTLR programs with embedded Python code.
547 A major mode can provide indentation context for a sub-mode through
548 the `prog-indentation-context' variable. To support this, modes that
549 provide indentation should use `prog-widen' instead of `widen' and
550 `prog-first-column' instead of a literal zero. See the node
551 "Mode-Specific Indent" in the ELisp manual for more details.
553 ** Prettify Symbols mode
556 *** Prettify Symbols mode supports custom composition predicates. By
557 overriding the default `prettify-symbols-compose-predicate', modes can
558 specify in which contexts a symbol may be displayed as some Unicode
559 character. `prettify-symbols-default-compose-p' is the default which
560 is suitable for most programming languages such as C or Lisp (but not
564 *** Symbols can be unprettified while point is inside them.
565 New variable `prettify-symbols-unprettify-at-point' configures this.
567 ** Enhanced xterm support
570 *** The new variable `xterm-screen-extra-capabilities' for configuring xterm.
571 This variable tells Emacs which advanced capabilities are available in
572 the xterm terminal emulator used to display Emacs text-mode frames.
573 The default is to check each capability, and use it if available.
574 (This variable was introduced in Emacs 24.1, but was not announced in
578 *** Killing text now also sets the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection
579 in the surrounding GUI (using the OSC-52 escape sequence). This only works
580 if your xterm supports it and enables the `allowWindowOps' options (disabled
581 by default at least in Debian, for security reasons).
583 Similarly, you can yank the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection (using the OSC-52
584 escape sequence) if your xterm has the feature enabled but for that you
585 additionally need to add `getSelection' to `xterm-extra-capabilities'.
588 *** `xterm-mouse-mode' now supports mouse-tracking (if your xterm supports it).
591 ** To turn on `save-place' mode globally, you must call `(save-place-mode 1)'.
592 In order to have the last place in every file saved it is no longer
593 sufficient to load the saveplace library and set the default value of
594 `save-place' to non-nil. You must explicitly call the function
595 `save-place-mode' with a positive argument instead. The `save-place'
596 variable is now an obsolete alias for `save-place-mode', which
602 *** ERC can now hide message types by network or channel.
603 `erc-hide-list' will hide all messages of the specified type, while
604 `erc-network-hide-list' and `erc-channel-hide-list' will only hide the
605 specified message types for the respective specified targets.
607 *** New variable `erc-default-port-tls' used to connect to TLS IRC
611 *** Reconnection is now asynchronous.
614 *** Nick completion is now case-insensitive again after inadvertently
615 being made case-sensitive in Emacs 24.2.
620 *** New commands, key binds, and menu items.
622 **** `<' and `>' for navigating previous and next tracks in playlist
624 **** New play/pause command `mpc-toggle-play' bound to `s'
626 **** `g' bound to new command `mpc-seek-current' will navigate current
629 **** New commands `mpc-toggle-{consume,repeat,single,shuffle}' for
630 toggling playback modes.
633 *** Now supports connecting to a UNIX domain socket.
636 *** Looks at more image file names to use as album art.
637 Case-insensitively tries for .folder.png (freedesktop) and folder.jpg
638 (XP) in addition to cover.jpg.
641 *** Searches in more locations for MPD configuration files.
642 MPD supports the XDG base directory specification since version 0.17.6.
647 *** `midnight-mode' is now a proper minor mode.
650 *** clean-buffer-*-regexps can now specify buffers via predicate functions.
655 *** New "external" package status.
656 An external package is any installed package that's not built-in and
657 not from `package-user-dir', which usually means it's from an entry in
658 `package-directory-list'. They are treated much like built-in
659 packages, in that they cannot be deleted through the package menu and
660 are not considered for upgrades.
662 The effect is that a user can manually place a specific version of a
663 package inside `package-directory-list' and the package menu will
667 *** If a package is available on multiple archives and one has higher
668 priority (as per `package-archive-priorities') only that one is
669 listed. This can be configured with `package-menu-hide-low-priority'.
672 *** `package-menu-toggle-hiding' now toggles the hiding of packages.
673 This includes the above-mentioned low-priority packages, as well as
674 available packages whose version is lower than the currently installed
675 version (which were previously impossible to display).
676 This allows users to downgrade a package if a lower version is
680 *** When filtering the package menu, keywords starting with "arc:" or
681 "status:" represent package archive or status, respectively, instead
685 *** Most functions which involve downloading information now take an
686 ASYNC argument. If it is non-nil, package.el performs the download(s)
690 *** New variable `package-menu-async' controls whether the
691 package-menu uses asynchronous downloads.
694 *** `package-install-from-buffer' and `package-install-file' work on directories.
695 This follows the same rules as installing from a .tar file, except the
696 -pkg file is optional.
699 *** Packages which are dependencies of other packages cannot be deleted.
700 The FORCE argument to `package-delete' overrides this.
703 *** New custom variable `package-selected-packages' tracks packages
704 which were installed by the user (as opposed to installed as
705 dependencies). This variable can also be manually customized.
708 *** New command `package-install-selected-packages' installs all
709 packages from `package-selected-packages' which are currently missing.
712 *** `package-install' function now takes a DONT-SELECT argument. If
713 this function is called interactively or if DONT-SELECT is nil, add the
714 package being installed to `package-selected-packages'.
717 *** New command `package-autoremove' removes all packages which were
718 installed strictly as dependencies but are no longer needed.
723 When you invoke `shell' interactively, the *shell* buffer will now
724 display in a new window. However, you can customize this behavior via
725 the `display-buffer-alist' variable. For example, to get
726 the old behavior -- *shell* buffer displays in current window -- use
727 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
728 '("^\\*shell\\*$" . (display-buffer-same-window))).
732 *** The `:protection' slot option is not obeyed any more.
734 *** The `newname' argument to constructors is optional&deprecated.
735 If you need your objects to be named, do it by inheriting from `eieio-named'.
737 *** The <class>-list-p and <class>-child-p functions are declared obsolete.
739 *** The <class> variables are declared obsolete.
741 *** The <initarg> variables are declared obsolete.
743 *** defgeneric and defmethod are declared obsolete.
744 Use the equivalent facilities from cl-generic.el instead.
746 *** `constructor' is now an obsolete alias for `make-instance'.
747 --- `pcase' accepts a new UPattern `eieio'.
752 *** New command `ido-bury-buffer-at-head' bound to C-S-b
753 Bury the buffer at the head of `ido-matches', analogous to how C-k
754 kills the buffer at head.
757 *** A prefix argument to `ido-restrict-to-matches' will reverse its
758 meaning, and the list is restricted to those elements that do not
759 match the current input.
764 *** You can use <UP> and <DOWN> arrow keys to move through history by lines.
765 The new commands `next-line-or-history-element' and
766 `previous-line-or-history-element', bound to <UP> and <DOWN> in the
767 minibuffer, allow by-line movement through minibuffer history,
768 similarly to an ordinary buffer. Only when point moves over
769 the bottom/top of the minibuffer it goes to the next/previous history
770 element. `M-p' and `M-n' still move directly to previous/next history
773 ** Search and Replace
776 *** `isearch' and `query-replace' can now perform character folding in matches.
777 Isearch does that by default, while `query-replace' will do that if
778 the new variable `replace-character-fold' is customized to a non-nil
779 value. This is analogous to case folding, but instead of disregarding
780 case variants, it disregards wider classes of distinctions between
781 similar characters. (Case folding is a special case of character
782 folding.) This means many characters in the search string will match
783 entire groups of characters instead of just themselves.
785 For instance, the " will match all variants of double quotes (like “
786 and ”), and the letter a will match all of its accented cousins, even
787 those composed of multiple characters, as well as many other symbols
790 Character folding is enabled by customizing `search-default-mode' to
791 the value `character-fold-to-regexp'. If you want to turn character
792 folding off, customize the value of `search-default-mode' to the `nil'
793 value. You can also toggle character folding in the middle of a
794 search by typing `M-s ''.
797 *** New user option `search-default-mode'.
798 This option specifies the default mode for Isearch. The default
799 value, `character-fold-to-regexp' specifies that Isearch should fold
800 characters when searching.
803 *** New function `character-fold-to-regexp' can be used
804 by searching commands to produce a regexp matching anything that
805 character-folds into STRING.
808 *** The new M-s M-w key binding uses eww to search the web for the
809 text in the region. The search engine to use for this is specified by
810 the customizable variable `eww-search-prefix'.
813 *** Query-replace history is enhanced.
814 When query-replace reads the FROM string from the minibuffer, typing
815 `M-p' will now show previous replacements as "FROM SEP TO", where FROM
816 and TO are the original text and its replacement, and SEP is an arrow
817 string defined by the new variable `query-replace-from-to-separator'.
818 To select a prior replacement, type `M-p' until the desired
819 replacement appears in the minibuffer, and then exit the minibuffer by
824 *** If `quick-calc' is called with a prefix argument, insert the
825 result of the calculation into the current buffer.
828 ** In Edebug, you can now set the initial mode with C-x C-a C-m. With
829 this you can tell Edebug not to stop at the start of the first
830 instrumented function.
835 *** New minor mode `global-eldoc-mode'
836 It is turned on by default, and affects `*scratch*' and other buffers
837 whose major mode supports Emacs Lisp.
840 *** `eldoc-documentation-function' now defaults to `ignore'
843 *** `describe-char-eldoc' displays information about character at point,
844 and can be used as a default value of `eldoc-documentation-function'. It is
845 useful when, for example, one needs to distinguish various spaces (e.g. ] [,
846 ] [, ] [, etc.) while using mono-spaced font.
851 *** HTML can now be rendered using variable-width fonts.
854 *** A new command `F' (`eww-toggle-fonts') can be used to toggle
855 whether to use variable-pitch fonts or not. The user can also
856 customize the `shr-use-fonts' variable.
859 *** A new command `C' (`eww-toggle-colors') can be used to toggle
860 whether to use the HTML-specified colors or not. The user can also
861 customize the `shr-use-colors' variable.
864 *** A new command `R' (`eww-readable') will try do identify the main
865 textual parts of a web page and display only that, leaving menus and
866 the like off the page.
869 *** Images that are being loaded are now marked with grey
870 "placeholder" images of the size specified by the HTML. They are then
871 replaced by the real images asynchronously, which will also now
872 respect width/height HTML specs (unless they specify widths/heights
873 bigger than the current window).
876 *** You can now use several eww buffers in parallel by renaming eww
877 buffers you want to keep separate.
880 *** Partial state of the eww buffers (the URIs and the titles of the
881 pages visited) is now preserved in the desktop file.
884 *** `eww-after-render-hook' is now called after eww has rendered
885 the data in the buffer.
888 *** The `eww-reload' command now takes a prefix to not reload via
889 the net, but just use the local copy of the HTML.
892 *** The DOM shr and eww uses has been changed to the general Emacs
893 xml.el/libxml2 DOM, and a new package dom.el has been added to
894 interact with this DOM. See the Emacs Lisp manual for interface
898 *** `mailcap-mime-data' is now consulted when displaying PDF files.
901 *** The new `S' command will list all eww buffers, and allow managing
905 *** https pages with valid certificates have headers marked in green, while
906 invalid certificates are marked in red.
911 *** text/html messages that contain inline image parts will be
912 transformed into multipart/related messages before sending.
915 *** The `message-valid-fqdn-regexp' variable has been removed, since
916 there are now top-level domains added all the time. Message will no
917 longer warn about sending emails to top-level domains it hasn't heard
920 *** `message-beginning-of-line' (bound to C-a) understands folded headers.
921 In `visual-line-mode' it will look for the true beginning of a header
922 while in non-`visual-line-mode' it will move the point to the indented
926 ** In Show Paren Mode, a parenthesis can be highlighted when point
927 stands inside it, and certain parens can be highlighted when point is
928 at BOL or EOL, or in whitespace there. To enable these, customize,
929 respectively, `show-paren-when-point-inside-paren' or
930 `show-paren-when-point-in-periphery'.
933 ** If gpg2 exists on the system, it is now used as the default value
934 of `epg-gpg-program' (instead of gpg).
939 *** Images are automatically scaled before displaying based on the
940 `image-scaling-factor' variable (if Emacs supports scaling the images
944 *** Images inserted with `insert-image' and related functions get a
945 keymap put into the text properties (or overlays) that span the
946 image. This keymap binds keystrokes for manipulating size and
947 rotation, as well as saving the image to a file. These commands are
948 also available in `image-mode'.
951 *** A new library for creating and manipulating SVG images has been
952 added. See the "SVG Images" section in the lispref manual for
956 *** New setf-able function to access and set image parameters is
957 provided: `image-property'.
963 *** Strings after `:documentation' are highlighted as docstrings.
964 This enhances Lisp mode fontification to handle documentation of the
965 form `(:documentation "the doc string")' used in Common Lisp code for
966 CLOS class and slot documentation.
971 *** Rectangle Mark mode can have corners past EOL or in the middle of a TAB.
974 *** C-x C-x in rectangle-mark-mode now cycles through the four corners.
975 *** `string-rectangle' provides on-the-fly preview of the result.
978 ** New font-lock functions `font-lock-ensure' and `font-lock-flush'.
979 These should be used in preference to `font-lock-fontify-buffer' when
983 ** Macro `minibuffer-with-setup-hook' can optionally append a function
984 to `minibuffer-setup-hook'.
986 If the first argument of the macro is of the form `(:append FUN)',
987 then FUN will be appended to `minibuffer-setup-hook', instead of
992 *** New functions `cl-fresh-line', `cl-digit-char-p', and `cl-parse-integer'.
995 *** `pcase' accepts the new UPattern `cl-struct'.
997 ** Calendar and diary
1000 *** The default `diary-file' is now located in .emacs.d.
1003 *** New commands to insert diary entries with Chinese dates:
1004 `diary-chinese-insert-anniversary-entry' `diary-chinese-insert-entry'
1005 `diary-chinese-insert-monthly-entry', `diary-chinese-insert-yearly-entry'.
1008 *** The calendar can now list and mark diary entries with Chinese dates.
1009 See `diary-chinese-list-entries' and `diary-chinese-mark-entries'.
1012 *** The option `calendar-mode-line-format' can now be nil,
1013 which means to do nothing special with the mode line in calendars.
1016 *** New option `calendar-weekend-days'.
1017 The option customizes which day headers receive the
1018 `calendar-weekend-header' face.
1021 *** New optional args N and STRING for ‘holiday-greek-orthodox-easter’.
1024 *** Many items obsolete since at least version 23.1 have been removed.
1025 The majority were function/variable/face aliases, too numerous to list here.
1028 **** Functions `calendar-one-frame-setup', `calendar-only-one-frame-setup',
1029 `calendar-two-frame-setup', `european-calendar', `american-calendar'.
1031 **** Hooks `cal-menu-load-hook', `cal-x-load-hook'.
1033 **** Macro `calendar-for-loop'.
1035 **** Variables `european-calendar-style', `diary-face', `hebrew-holidays-{1,4}'.
1037 **** The nil and list forms of `diary-display-function'.
1040 ** New ERT function `ert-summarize-tests-batch-and-exit'.
1041 If the output of ERT tests in batch mode execution can be saved to a
1042 log file, then it can be passed as an argument to the above function
1043 to produce a neat summary.
1046 ** New js.el option `js-indent-first-init'.
1047 It was renamed from `js-indent-first-initialiser', to avoid issues
1048 with American vs British spelling.
1053 ** Info mode now displays symbol names in fixed-pitch font.
1054 If you want to get the old behavior back, customize the `Info-quoted'
1055 face to use the same definitions as the default face.
1058 *** `Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size' can be t for no limit.
1061 *** `info-display-manual' can now be given a prefix argument which (any
1062 non-nil value) directs the command to limit the completion
1063 alternatives to currently visited manuals.
1066 ** ntlm.el has support for NTLM2.
1071 *** The Rmail commands `d', `C-d' and `u' take optional repeat counts
1072 to delete or undelete multiple messages.
1075 *** Rmail can now render HTML mail messages if your Emacs was built with
1076 libxml2 or if you have the Lynx browser installed. By default, Rmail
1077 will display the HTML version of a mail message that has both HTML and
1078 plain text parts, if display of HTML email is possible; customize the
1079 `rmail-mime-prefer-html' option to `nil' if you don't want that.
1082 *** In the commands that make summaries by subject, recipients, or senders,
1083 you can no longer use commas to separate regular expressions.
1086 ** SES now supports local printer functions; see `ses-define-local-printer'.
1088 ** Shell-script Mode
1090 *** In sh-mode you can now use `sh-shell' as a file-local variable to
1091 specify the type of shell in use (bash, csh, etc).
1094 *** New value `always' for `sh-indent-after-continuation'.
1095 This provides old-style ("dumb") indentation of continued lines.
1096 See the doc string of `sh-indent-after-continuation' for details.
1100 *** Fatal TLS errors are now silent by default.
1103 *** If Emacs isn't built with TLS support, an external TLS-capable
1104 program is used instead. This program used to be run in --insecure
1105 mode by default, but has now changed to be secure instead, and will
1106 fail if you try to connect to non-verifiable hosts. This is
1107 controlled by the `tls-program' variable.
1112 *** The URL package accepts now the protocols "ssh", "scp" and "rsync".
1113 When `url-handler-mode' is enabled, file operations for these
1114 protocols as well as for "telnet" and "ftp" are passed to Tramp.
1117 *** The URL package allows customizing the `url-user-agent' string.
1118 The new `url-user-agent' variable can be customized to be a string or
1122 *** The new interface variable `url-request-noninteractive' can be used
1123 to specify that we're running in a noninteractive context, and that
1124 we should not be queried about things like TLS certificate validity.
1127 *** `url-mime-accept-string' can now be used as in "interface"
1128 variable, meaning you can bind it around an `url-retrieve' call.
1131 *** If URL is used with a https connection, the first callback argument
1132 plist will contain a :peer element that has the output of
1133 `gnutls-peer-status' (if Emacs is built with GnuTLS support).
1136 *** The new function `url-cookie-delete-cookie' can be used to
1137 programmatically delete all cookies, or cookies from a specific
1143 *** New connection method "afp", which allows you to access Mac OS X
1144 volumes via the Apple Filing Protocol.
1147 *** New connection method "nc", which allows you to access dumb
1151 *** Method-specific parameters can be overwritten now with variable
1152 `tramp-connection-properties'.
1155 *** Handler for `file-notify-valid-p' for remote machines that support
1156 filesystem notifications.
1161 *** New user variable `sql-default-directory' enables remote
1162 connections using Tramp.
1165 *** New command `sql-send-line-and-next'.
1166 This command, bound to `C-c C-n' by default, sends the current line to
1167 the SQL process and advances to the next line, skipping whitespace and
1171 *** Added support for Vertica SQL.
1173 ** VC and related modes
1176 *** Basic push support, via `vc-push', bound to `C-x v P'.
1177 Implemented for Bzr, Git, Hg. As part of this change, the pre-existing
1178 (undocumented) command vc-hg-push now behaves slightly differently.
1181 *** The new command vc-region-history shows the log+diff of the active region.
1184 *** You can refresh the VC state of a file buffer with `M-x vc-refresh-state'.
1185 This command is useful when you perform version control commands
1186 outside Emacs (e.g., from the shell prompt), or if you switch the VC
1187 back-end for the buffer's file, or remove it from version control.
1190 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now defaults to more
1191 colorful faces to make it more obvious to the user what the state is.
1192 See the `vc-faces' customization group.
1195 *** New option `vc-annotate-background-mode' controls whether
1196 the color range from `vc-annotate-color-map' is applied to the
1197 background or to the foreground.
1200 *** `compare-windows' now compares text with the most recently selected window
1201 instead of the next window. If you want the previous behavior of
1202 comparing with the next window, customize the new option
1203 `compare-windows-get-window-function' to the value
1204 `compare-windows-get-next-window'.
1207 *** Two new faces `compare-windows-removed' and `compare-windows-added'
1208 replace the face `compare-windows', which is now an obsolete alias for
1209 `compare-windows-added'.
1212 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now has different faces
1213 corresponding to each of the possible states. See the `vc-faces'
1214 customization group.
1217 *** `log-edit-insert-changelog' converts "(tiny change)" to
1218 "Copyright-paperwork-exempt: yes". Set `log-edit-rewrite-tiny-change'
1219 nil to disable this.
1222 ** VHDL mode now supports VHDL'08.
1227 *** Decimal display mode uses "," groups, so it's more
1228 fitting for use in money calculations
1231 *** Factorial works with non-integer inputs.
1236 *** Hide-IfDef mode now support full C/C++ expressions in macros,
1237 macro argument expansion, interactive macro evaluation and automatic
1238 scanning of #define'd symbols.
1241 *** New command `hif-evaluate-macro', bound to `C-c @ e', displays the
1242 result of evaluating a macro.
1245 *** New command `hif-clear-all-ifdef-define', bound to `C-c @ C', clears
1246 all defined symbols in `hide-ifdef-env'.
1249 *** New custom variable `hide-ifdef-header-regexp' to define C/C++ header
1250 file name patterns. Defaults to files whose extension is one of `.h',
1251 `.hh', `.hpp', `.hxx', or `.h++', matched case-insensitively.
1254 *** New custom variable `hide-ifdef-expand-reinclusion-protection' to prevent
1255 reinclusion protected (a.k.a. "idempotent") header files from being hidden.
1256 (This could happen when an idempotent header file is visited again,
1257 when its guard symbol is already defined.) Defaults to `t'.
1260 *** New custom variable `hide-ifdef-exclude-define-regexp' to define symbol
1261 name patterns (e.g. all "FOR_DOXYGEN_ONLY_*") to be ignored when
1262 looking for macro definitions. By default, no symbols are ignored.
1267 *** New custom variable `tex-print-file-extension' to help users who
1268 use PDF instead of DVI.
1271 *** TeX mode now supports Prettify Symbols mode. When enabling
1272 `prettify-symbols-mode' in a tex-mode buffer, \alpha ... \omega, and
1273 many other math macros are displayed using unicode characters.
1276 ** New `big-indent' style in `whitespace-mode' highlights deep indentation.
1277 By default, 32 consecutive spaces or four consecutive TABs are
1278 considered to be too deep, but the new variable
1279 `whitespace-big-indent-regexp' can be customized to change that.
1282 ** New options in `tildify-mode'.
1283 New options `tildify-space-string', `tildify-pattern', and
1284 `tildify-foreach-region-function' variables make
1285 `tildify-string-alist', `tildify-pattern-alist', and
1286 `tildify-ignored-environments-alist' variables (as well as a few
1287 helper functions) obsolete.
1290 ** New package Xref replaces Etags's front-end and UI
1292 The new package Xref provides a generic framework and new commands to
1293 find and move to definitions of functions, macros, data structures
1294 etc., as well as go back to the location where you were before moving
1295 to a definition. It supersedes and obsoletes many Etags commands,
1296 while still using the etags.el code that reads the TAGS tables as one
1299 The command `xref-find-definitions' replaces `find-tag' and provides
1300 an interface to pick one definition among several.
1301 `tags-loop-continue' is now unbound. `xref-pop-marker-stack' replaces
1302 `pop-tag-mark', but has a keybinding (`M-,') different from the one
1303 `pop-tag-mark' used.
1305 `xref-find-definitions-other-window' replaces `find-tag-other-window'.
1306 `xref-find-definitions-other-frame' replaces `find-tag-other-frame'.
1307 `xref-find-apropos' replaces `find-tag-regexp'.
1309 As a result of this, the following commands are now obsolete:
1310 `find-tag-other-window', `find-tag-other-frame', `find-tag-regexp',
1313 `tags-loop-continue' is not obsolete because it's still useful in
1314 `tags-search' and `tags-query-replace', for which there are no direct
1318 *** Variants of `tags-search' and `tags-query-replace' in Dired were also
1319 replaced by xref-style commands, see the "Dired" section below.
1324 `find-tag-marker-ring-length' is now an obsolete alias for
1325 `xref-marker-ring-length'. `find-tag-marker-ring' is now an obsolete
1326 alias for a private variable. `xref-push-marker-stack' and
1327 `xref-pop-marker-stack' should be used instead to manipulate the stack
1328 of searches for definitions.
1331 *** `xref-find-definitions' and `describe-function' now display
1332 information about mode local overrides (defined by cedet/mode-local.el
1333 `define-overloadable-function' `define-mode-local-overrides').
1335 The framework's Lisp API is still experimental and can change in major,
1336 backward-incompatible ways.
1339 ** New package Project
1341 The new package Project provides generic infrastructure for dealing
1342 with projects. The main commands included in it are
1343 `project-find-file' and `project-find-regexp'.
1345 The Lisp API of this package is still experimental.
1348 EUDC's LDAP backend has been improved.
1351 *** EUDC supports LDAP-over-SSL URLs (ldaps://).
1354 *** EUDC passes LDAP passwords through a pipe to the ldapsearch
1355 subprocess instead of on the command line.
1358 *** EUDC handles LDAP wildcards automatically so the user shouldn't
1359 need to configure this manually anymore.
1362 *** The LDAP configuration section of EUDC's manual has been
1365 There have also been customization changes.
1368 *** New custom variable `eudc-server-hotlist' to allow specifying
1369 multiple EUDC servers in init file.
1372 *** Custom variable `eudc-inline-query-format' defaults to completing
1373 on email and firstname instead of surname.
1376 *** Custom variable `eudc-expansion-overwrites-query' defaults to nil
1377 to avoid interfering with the kill ring.
1380 *** Custom variable `eudc-inline-expansion-format' defaults to
1381 "Firstname Surname <mail-address>".
1384 *** Custom variable `eudc-options-file' defaults to
1385 "~/.emacs.d/eudc-options".
1388 *** New custom variable `ldap-ldapsearch-password-prompt-regexp' to
1389 allow overriding the regular expression that recognizes the ldapsearch
1390 command line's password prompt.
1393 EUDC's BBDB backend now supports BBDB 3.
1396 EUDC's PH backend (eudcb-ph.el) is obsolete.
1401 *** The new built-in command `clear' can scroll window contents out of sight.
1402 If provided with an optional non-nil argument, the scrollback contents will be cleared.
1405 *** New buffer syntax '#<buffer-name>', which is equivalent to
1406 '#<buffer buffer-name>'. This shorthand makes interacting with
1407 buffers from eshell more convenient. Custom variable
1408 `eshell-buffer-shorthand', which has been broken for a while, has been
1412 *** By default, eshell "visual" program buffers (created by
1413 `eshell-visual-commands' and similar custom vars) are no longer killed
1414 when their processes die. This fixes issues with short-lived commands
1415 and makes visual programs more useful in general. For example, if
1416 "git log" is a visual command, it will always show the visual command
1417 buffer, even if the "git log" process dies. For the old behavior,
1418 make the new option `eshell-destroy-buffer-when-process-dies' non-nil.
1423 *** Support for the Google Chrome web browser.
1426 *** Support for the Conkeror web browser.
1429 *** Support for several ancient browsers is now officially obsolete.
1432 ** tar-mode: new `tar-new-entry' command, allowing for new members to
1433 be added to the archive.
1436 ** Autorevert: dired buffers are also auto-reverted via file
1437 notifications, if Emacs is compiled with file notification support.
1439 ** File Notifications
1442 *** The kqueue library is integrated for *BSD and Mac OS X machines.
1445 *** The new event `stopped' signals, that a file notification watch is
1446 not active any longer.
1449 *** The new function `file-notify-valid-p' checks, whether a file
1450 notification descriptor still corresponds to an activate watch.
1455 *** The command `dired-do-compress' bound to `Z' now can compress
1456 directories and decompress zip files.
1459 *** New command `dired-do-compress-to' bound to `c' can be used to
1460 compress many marked files into a single named archive. The
1461 compression command is determined from the new
1462 `dired-compress-files-alist' variable.
1465 *** In wdired, when editing files to contain slash characters,
1466 the resulting directories are automatically created. Whether
1467 to do this or not is controlled by the
1468 `wdired-create-parent-directories' variable.
1471 *** `W' is now bound to `browse-url-of-dired-file', and is useful for
1472 viewing HTML files and the like.
1474 *** New user interface for the `A' and `Q' commands.
1475 These keys, now bound to `dired-do-find-regexp' and
1476 `dired-do-find-regexp-and-replace', work similarly to `xref-find-apropos'
1477 and `xref-query-replace-in-results': they present the matches
1478 in the `*xref*' buffer and let you move through the matches. No need
1479 to use `tags-loop-continue' to resume the search or replace loop. The
1480 previous commands, `dired-do-search' and
1481 `dired-do-query-replace-regexp', are still available, but not bound to
1482 keys; rebind `A' and `Q' to invoke them if you want the old behavior
1483 back. We intend to obsolete the old commands in a future release.
1485 ** Tabulated List Mode
1488 *** It is now safe for a mode that derives `tabulated-list-mode' to not
1489 call `tabulated-list-init-header', in which case it will have no
1493 *** `tabulated-list-print' takes a second optional argument, update,
1494 which specifies an alternative printing method which is faster when
1495 few or no entries have changed.
1497 ** Obsolete packages
1503 *** landmark.el (moved to elpa.gnu.org)
1506 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
1509 ** pinentry.el allows GnuPG passphrase to be prompted through the
1510 minibuffer instead of a graphical dialog, depending on whether the gpg
1511 command is called from Emacs (i.e., INSIDE_EMACS environment variable
1512 is set). This feature requires newer versions of GnuPG (2.1.5 or
1513 later) and Pinentry (0.9.5 or later). To use this feature, add
1514 "allow-emacs-pinentry" to "~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf" and reload the
1515 configuration with "gpgconf --reload gpg-agent".
1518 ** cl-generic.el provides CLOS-style multiple-dispatch generic functions.
1519 The main entry points are `cl-defgeneric' and `cl-defmethod'. See the
1520 node "Generic Functions" in the Emacs Lisp manual for more details.
1523 ** scss-mode (a minor variant of css-mode) is a major mode for editing
1524 SCSS (Sassy CSS) files.
1527 ** let-alist is a new macro (and a package) that allows one to easily
1528 let-bind the values stored in an alist.
1531 ** `tildify-mode' allows automatic insertion of hard spaces as one
1532 types the text. Breaking line after a single-character words is
1533 forbidden by Czech and Polish typography (and may be discouraged in
1534 other languages), so `auto-tildify-mode' makes it easier to create
1535 a typographically-correct documents.
1538 ** The `seq' library adds sequence manipulation functions and macros
1539 that complement basic functions provided by subr.el. All functions
1540 are prefixed with `seq-' and work on lists, strings and vectors.
1541 `pcase' accepts a new Upattern `seq'.
1544 ** The `map' library provides map-manipulation functions that work on
1545 alists, hash-table and arrays. All functions are prefixed with
1546 `map-'. `pcase' accepts a new UPattern `map'.
1549 ** The `thunk' library provides functions and macros to control the
1550 evaluation of forms.
1553 ** js-jsx-mode (a minor variant of js-mode) provides indentation
1554 support for JSX, an XML-like syntax extension to ECMAScript.
1557 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
1560 ** `setq' and `setf' must now be called with an even number of
1561 arguments. The earlier behavior of silently supplying a nil to the
1562 last variable when there was an odd number of arguments has been
1566 ** `syntax-begin-function' is declared obsolete.
1567 Removed font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function and the SYNTAX-BEGIN
1568 slot in font-lock-defaults.
1571 ** `package-initialize' now sets `package-enable-at-startup' to nil if
1572 called during startup. Users who call this function in their init
1573 file and still expect it to be run after startup should set
1574 `package-enable-at-startup' to t after the call to
1575 `package-initialize'.
1578 ** `:global' minor mode use `setq-default' rather than `setq'.
1579 This means that you can't use `make-local-variable' and expect them to
1580 "magically" become buffer-local.
1583 ** `track-mouse' no longer freezes the shape of the mouse pointer.
1584 The `track-mouse' form no longer refrains from changing the shape of
1585 the mouse pointer for the entire time the body of that form is
1586 executed. Lisp programs that use `track-mouse' for dragging across
1587 large portions of the Emacs display, and want to avoid changes in the
1588 pointer shape during dragging, should bind the variable `track-mouse'
1589 to the special value `dragging' in the body of the form.
1592 ** The optional `predicate' argument of `lisp-complete-symbol' no longer
1593 has any effect. (This change was made in Emacs 24.4 but was not
1594 advertised at the time.)
1597 ** `indirect-function' does not signal `void-function' any more.
1598 This is mostly a bug-fix, since this change was missed back in 24.4 when
1599 symbol-function was changed not to signal `void-function' any more.
1602 *** As a consequence, the second arg of `indirect-function' is now obsolete.
1605 ** Comint, term, and compile do not set the EMACS env var any more.
1606 Use the INSIDE_EMACS environment variable instead.
1608 ** `C-up', `C-down', `C-left' and `C-right' are now defined in term
1609 mode to send the same escape sequences that xterm does. This makes
1610 things like forward-word in readline work.
1613 ** hideshow mode got four key bindings that are analogous to outline
1614 mode bindings: `C-c @ C-a', `C-c @ C-t', `C-c @ C-d', and `C-c @ C-e.'
1617 ** `save-excursion' does not save&restore the mark any more.
1618 Use `save-mark-and-excursion' if you want the old behavior.
1621 ** `read-buffer' and `read-buffer-function' can now be called with a 4th
1622 argument (`predicate').
1625 ** `completion-table-dynamic' by default stays in the minibuffer.
1626 The minibuffer will be the current buffer when the function is called.
1627 If you want the old behavior of calling the function in the buffer
1628 from which the minibuffer was entered, use the new argument
1629 `switch-buffer' to `completion-table-dynamic'.
1632 ** window-configurations no longer record the buffers' marks.
1635 ** inhibit-modification-hooks now also inhibits lock-file checks, as well as
1636 active region handling.
1639 ** deactivate-mark is now buffer-local.
1642 ** `cl-the' now asserts that its argument is of the given type.
1645 ** `process-running-child-p' may now return a numeric process
1646 group ID instead of `t'.
1649 ** Mouse click events on mode line or header line no longer include
1650 any reference to a buffer position. The 6th member of the mouse
1651 position list returned for such events is now nil.
1654 ** Menu items in keymaps do not support the "key shortcut cache" any more.
1655 These slots used to hold key-shortcut data, but have been obsolete since
1659 ** Emacs no longer downcases the first letter of a system diagnostic
1660 when signaling a file error. For example, it now reports "Permission
1661 denied" instead of "permission denied". The old behavior was problematic
1662 in languages like German where downcasing rules depend on grammar.
1665 ** New variable ‘text-quoting-style’ to control how Emacs translates quotes.
1666 Set it to ‘curve’ for curved single quotes ‘like this’, to ‘straight’
1667 for straight apostrophes 'like this', and to ‘grave’ for grave accent
1668 and apostrophe `like this'. The default value nil acts like ‘curve’
1669 if curved single quotes are displayable, and like ‘grave’ otherwise.
1670 The new variable affects display of diagnostics and help, but not of info.
1673 ** substitute-command-keys now replaces quotes.
1674 That is, it converts documentation strings’ quoting style as per the
1675 value of ‘text-quoting-style’. Doc strings in source code can use
1676 either curved single quotes or grave accents and apostrophes. As
1677 before, characters preceded by \= are output as-is.
1680 ** Message-issuing functions ‘error’, ‘message’, etc. now convert quotes.
1681 They use the new ‘format-message’ function instead of plain ‘format’,
1682 so that they now follow user preference as per ‘text-quoting-style’
1683 when processing curved single quotes, grave accents, and apostrophes
1684 in their format argument.
1687 ** The character classes [:alpha:] and [:alnum:] in regular expressions
1688 now match multibyte characters using Unicode character properties.
1689 If you want the old behavior where they matched any character with
1690 word syntax, use `\sw' instead.
1693 ** The character classes [:graph:] and [:print:] in regular expressions
1694 no longer match every multibyte character. Instead, Emacs now
1695 consults the Unicode character properties to determine which
1696 characters are graphic or printable. In particular, surrogates and
1697 unassigned codepoints are now rejected. If you want the old behavior,
1698 use [:multibyte:] instead.
1701 ** The `diff' command uses the unified format now. To restore the old
1702 behavior, set `diff-switches' to `-c'.
1705 ** `grep-template' and `grep-find-template' values don't include the
1706 --color argument anymore. It's added at the <C> place holder position
1707 dynamically. Any third-party code that changes these templates should
1708 be updated accordingly.
1710 ** The grep/rgrep/lgrep functions will now ask about saving files
1711 before running. This is controlled by the `grep-save-buffers'
1715 ** ‘(/ N)’ is now equivalent to ‘(/ 1 N)’ rather than to ‘(/ N 1)’.
1716 The new behavior is compatible with Common Lisp and with XEmacs.
1717 This change does not affect Lisp code intended to be portable to
1718 Emacs 24.2 and earlier, which did not support unary ‘/’.
1721 ** The `default-directory' value doesn't have to end slash. To make
1722 that happen, `unhandled-file-name-directory' now defaults to calling
1723 `file-name-as-directory'.
1726 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
1730 *** New UPatterns `quote', `app'.
1732 *** New UPatterns can be defined with `pcase-defmacro'.
1734 *** New vector QPattern.
1737 ** syntax-propertize is now automatically called on-demand during forward
1738 parsing functions like `forward-sexp'.
1741 ** New hooks `prefix-command-echo-keystrokes-functions' and
1742 `prefix-command-preserve-state-hook' allow the definition of prefix
1743 commands other than the predefined `C-u'.
1746 ** New functions `filepos-to-bufferpos' and `bufferpos-to-filepos'.
1747 These allow conversion between buffer positions and the corresponding
1748 file byte offsets, given the file's encoding.
1751 ** The default value of `load-read-function' is now `read'.
1752 Previously, the default value of `nil' implied using `read'.
1755 ** New hook `pre-redisplay-functions'.
1756 It is a bit easier to use than `pre-redisplay-function'.
1759 ** The second arg of `looking-back' should always be provided explicitly.
1760 Previously, it was an optional argument, now it's mandatory.
1763 ** Text properties `intangible', `point-entered', and `point-left' are obsolete.
1764 Replaced by properties `cursor-intangible' and `cursor-sensor-functions',
1765 implemented by the new `cursor-intangible-mode' and
1766 `cursor-sensor-mode' minor modes.
1769 ** `inhibit-point-motion-hooks' now defaults to `t' and is obsolete.
1770 Use the new minor modes `cursor-intangible-mode' and
1771 `cursor-sensor-mode' instead.
1774 ** New process type `pipe', which can be used in combination with the
1775 `:stderr' keyword of make-process to handle standard error output
1779 ** New function `make-process' provides an alternative interface to
1780 `start-process'. It allows programs to set process parameters such as
1781 process filter, sentinel, etc., through keyword arguments (similar to
1782 `make-network-process').
1785 ** A new function `directory-files-recursively' returns all matching
1786 files (recursively) under a directory.
1789 ** New variable `inhibit-message', when bound to non-nil, inhibits
1790 `message' and related functions from displaying messages in the echo
1791 area. The output is still logged to the *Messages* buffer.
1794 ** A new text property `inhibit-read-only' can be used in read-only
1795 buffers to allow certain parts of the text to be writable.
1798 ** A new variable `comment-end-can-be-escaped' is useful in languages
1799 such as C and C++ where line comments with escaped newlines are
1800 continued to the next line.
1803 ** New macro `define-advice'.
1806 ** Emacs Lisp now supports generators.
1807 See the "Generators" section of the ELisp manual for the details.
1810 ** New finalizer facility for running code when objects become unreachable.
1811 See the "Finalizer Type" subsection in the ELisp manual for the
1815 ** lexical closures can use (:documentation FORM) to build their docstring.
1816 It should be placed right where the docstring would be, and FORM is then
1817 evaluated (and should return a string) when the closure is built.
1820 ** The new command `fortune-message' has been added, which displays
1821 fortunes in the echo area.
1824 ** define-inline provides a new way to define inlinable functions.
1827 ** New function `macroexpand-1' to perform a single step of macro expansion.
1830 ** Some "x-*" functions were obsoleted and/or renamed:
1831 *** x-select-text is renamed gui-select-text.
1832 *** x-selection-value is renamed gui-selection-value.
1833 *** x-get-selection is renamed gui-get-selection.
1834 *** x-get-clipboard and x-clipboard-yank are marked obsolete.
1835 *** x-get-selection-value is renamed to gui-get-primary-selection.
1836 *** x-set-selection is renamed to gui-set-selection
1839 ** New function `string-greaterp', which return the opposite result of
1843 ** The new functions `string-collate-lessp' and `string-collate-equalp'
1844 preserve the collation order as defined by the system's locale(1)
1845 environment. For the time being this is implemented for modern POSIX
1846 systems and for MS-Windows, for other systems they fall back to their
1847 counterparts `string-lessp' and `string-equal'.
1850 ** The new function `string-version-lessp' compares strings by
1851 interpreting consecutive runs of numerical characters as numbers, and
1852 compares their numerical values. According to this predicate,
1853 "foo2.png" is smaller than "foo12.png".
1856 *** The ls-lisp package uses `string-collate-lessp' to sort file names.
1857 The effect is that, on systems that use ls-lisp for Dired, the default
1858 sort order of the files in Dired is now different from what it was in
1859 previous versions of Emacs. In particular, the file names are sorted
1860 disregarding punctuation, accents, and diacritics, and letter case is
1861 ignored. For example, files whose name begin with a period will no
1862 longer appear near the beginning of the directory listing. If you
1863 want the old, locale-independent sorting, customize the new option
1864 `ls-lisp-use-string-collate' to the nil value.
1867 *** The MS-Windows specific variable `w32-collate-ignore-punctuation',
1868 if set to a non-nil value, causes the above 2 functions to ignore
1869 symbol and punctuation characters when collating strings. This
1870 emulates the behavior of modern Posix platforms when the locale's
1871 codeset is "UTF-8" (as in "en_US.UTF-8"). This is needed because
1872 MS-Windows doesn't support UTF-8 as codeset in its locales.
1875 ** New function `alist-get', which is also a valid place (aka lvalue).
1878 ** New function `funcall-interactively', which works like `funcall'
1879 but makes `called-interactively-p' treat the function as (you guessed it)
1880 called interactively.
1883 ** New function `function-put' to use instead of `put' for function properties.
1886 ** The new function `bidi-find-overridden-directionality' allows you to
1887 find characters whose directionality was, perhaps maliciously,
1888 overridden by directional override control characters. Lisp programs
1889 can use this to detect potential phishing of URLs and other links that
1890 exploits bidirectional display reordering.
1893 ** The new function `buffer-substring-with-bidi-context' allows you to
1894 copy a portion of a buffer into a different location while preserving
1895 the visual appearance both of the copied text and the text at
1896 destination, even when the copied text includes mixed bidirectional
1897 text and directional control characters.
1900 ** New properties that can be specified with `declare':
1901 *** (interactive-only INSTEAD), says to use INSTEAD for non-interactive use.
1902 *** (pure VAL), if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function is pure.
1903 *** (side-effect-free VAL), if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function does not
1907 ** New macro `with-file-modes', for evaluating expressions with default file
1908 permissions set to temporary values (e.g., for creating private files).
1911 ** You can access the slots of structures using `cl-struct-slot-value'.
1914 ** Function `sort' can deal with vectors.
1917 ** Function `system-name' now returns an updated value if the current
1918 system's name has changed or if the Emacs process has changed systems,
1919 and to avoid long waits it no longer consults DNS to canonicalize the
1920 name. The variable `system-name' is now obsolete.
1923 ** Function `write-region' no longer outputs "Wrote FILE" in batch mode.
1926 ** If `pwd' is called with a prefix argument, insert the current default
1930 ** New functions return extended information about fonts and faces.
1933 *** The function `font-info' now returns more details about a font.
1934 In particular, it now returns the average width of the font's
1935 characters, which can be used for geometry-related calculations.
1938 *** A new function `default-font-width' returns the average width of a
1939 character in the current buffer's default font. If the default face
1940 is remapped (see `face-remapping-alist'), the value for the remapped
1941 face is returned. This function complements the existing function
1942 `default-font-height'.
1945 *** New functions `window-font-height' and `window-font-width' return
1946 the height and average width of characters in a specified face and
1947 window. If FACE is remapped (see `face-remapping-alist'), the
1948 function returns the information for the remapped face.
1951 *** A new function `window-max-chars-per-line' returns the maximal
1952 number of characters that can be displayed on one line. If a face
1953 and/or window are provided, these values are used for the
1954 calculation. This function is different from `window-body-width' in
1955 that it accounts for (i) continuation glyphs, (ii) the size of the
1956 font, and (iii) the specified window.
1959 ** New utilities in subr-x.el:
1960 *** New macros `if-let' and `when-let' allow defining bindings and to
1961 execute code depending whether all values are true.
1962 *** New macros `thread-first' and `thread-last' allow threading a form
1963 as the first or last argument of subsequent forms.
1966 ** Documentation strings now support quoting with curved single quotes
1967 ‘like-this’ in addition to the old style with grave accent and
1968 apostrophe `like-this'. The new style looks better on today's displays.
1969 In the new Electric Quote mode, you can enter curved single quotes
1970 into documentation by typing ` and '. Outside Electric Quote mode,
1971 you can enter them by typing ‘C-x 8 [’ and ‘C-x 8 ]’, or (if your Alt
1972 key works) by typing ‘A-[’ and ‘A-]’. As described above under
1973 ‘text-quoting-style’, the user can specify how to display doc string
1977 ** New function ‘format-message’ is like ‘format’ and also converts
1978 curved single quotes, grave accents and apostrophes as per
1979 ‘text-quoting-style’.
1982 ** show-help-function's arg is converted via substitute-command-keys
1983 before being passed to the function. Help strings, help-echo
1984 properties, etc. can therefore contain command key escapes and
1988 ** Time-related changes:
1990 *** Time conversion functions now accept an optional ZONE argument
1991 that specifies the time zone rules for conversion. ZONE is omitted or
1992 nil for Emacs local time, t for Universal Time, ‘wall’ for system wall
1993 clock time, or a string as in ‘set-time-zone-rule’ for a time zone
1994 rule. The affected functions are ‘current-time-string’,
1995 ‘current-time-zone’, ‘decode-time’, and ‘format-time-string’. The
1996 function ‘encode-time’, which already accepted a simple time zone rule
1997 argument, has been extended to accept all the new forms.
1999 *** Time-related functions now consistently accept numbers
2000 (representing seconds since the epoch) and nil (representing the
2001 current time) as well as the usual list-of-integer representation.
2002 Affected functions include `current-time-string', `current-time-zone',
2003 `decode-time', `float-time', `format-time-string', `seconds-to-time',
2004 `time-add', `time-less-p', `time-subtract', `time-to-day-in-year',
2005 `time-to-days', and `time-to-seconds'.
2007 *** The `encode-time-value' and `with-decoded-time-value' macros have
2010 *** `calendar-next-time-zone-transition', `time-add', and
2011 `time-subtract' no longer return time values in the obsolete and
2012 undocumented integer-pair format. Instead, they return a list of two
2016 ** New function `set-binary-mode' allows switching a standard stream
2017 of the Emacs process to binary I/O mode.
2020 ** The new function `directory-name-p' can be used to check whether a file
2021 name (as returned from, for instance, `file-name-all-completions') is
2022 a directory file name. It returns non-nil if the last character in
2023 the name is a directory separator character (forward slash on GNU and
2024 Unix systems, forward- or backslash on MS-Windows and MS-DOS).
2027 ** ASCII approximations to curved quotes are put in standard-display-table
2028 if the terminal cannot display curved quotes.
2031 ** Standard output and error streams now transliterate characters via
2032 standard-display-table, and encode output using locale-coding-system.
2033 To force a specific encoding, bind `coding-system-for-write' to the
2034 coding-system of your choice when invoking functions like `prin1' and
2038 ** New var `truncate-string-ellipsis' to choose how to indicate truncation.
2041 ** New possible value for `system-type': `nacl'.
2042 This is used by Google's Native Client (NaCl).
2045 ** `read-color' will now display the color names using the color itself
2046 as the background color.
2049 ** There is now a new variable `flyspell-sort-corrections-function'
2050 that allows changing the way corrections are sorted.
2052 ** Miscellaneous name change
2055 For consistency with the usual Emacs spelling, the Lisp variable
2056 `hfy-optimisations' has been renamed to `hfy-optimizations'.
2057 The old name should still work, as an obsolescent alias.
2059 ** Changes in Frame- and Window- Handling
2062 *** Emacs can now draw horizontal scroll bars on some platforms that
2063 provide toolkit scroll bars, namely Gtk+, Lucid, Motif and Windows.
2064 Horizontal scroll bars are turned off by default.
2066 **** New function `horizontal-scroll-bars-available-p' telling whether
2067 horizontal scroll bars are available on the underlying system.
2069 **** New mode `horizontal-scroll-bar-mode' to toggle horizontal scroll
2070 bars on all existing and future frames.
2072 **** New function `toggle-horizontal-scroll-bar' to toggle horizontal
2073 scroll bars on the selected frame.
2075 **** New frame parameters `horizontal-scroll-bars' and
2076 `scroll-bar-height' to set horizontal scroll bars and their height
2077 for individual frames and in `default-frame-alist'.
2079 **** New functions `frame-scroll-bar-height' and
2080 `window-scroll-bar-height' return the height of horizontal scroll
2081 bars on a specific frame or window.
2083 **** `set-window-scroll-bars' now accepts five parameters where the last
2084 two specify height and type of the window's horizontal scroll bar.
2086 **** `window-scroll-bars' now returns type and sizes of horizontal scroll
2089 **** New buffer-local variables `horizontal-scroll-bar' and
2090 `scroll-bar-height'.
2093 *** New functions `frame-geometry' and `frame-edges' give access to a
2097 *** New functions `mouse-absolute-pixel-position' and
2098 `set-mouse-absolute-pixel-position' get/set screen coordinates of the
2102 *** The function `window-edges' now accepts three additional arguments to
2103 retrieve body, absolute and pixel edges of the window.
2106 *** The functions `window-inside-edges', `window-inside-pixel-edges' and
2107 `window-inside-absolute-pixel-edges' have been renamed to respectively
2108 `window-body-edges', `window-body-pixel-edges' and
2109 `window-absolute-body-pixel-edges'. The old names are kept as aliases.
2112 *** New function `window-absolute-pixel-position' to get the screen
2113 coordinates of a visible buffer position.
2116 *** The height of a frame's menu and tool bar are no longer counted in the
2117 frame's text height. This means that the text height stands only for
2118 the height of the frame's root window plus that of the echo area (if
2119 present). This was already the behavior for frames with external tool
2120 and menu bars (like in the Gtk builds) but has now been extended to all
2124 *** Frames now do not necessarily preserve the number of columns or lines
2125 they display when setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or
2126 scroll bars. In particular, maximized and fullscreen frames are
2127 conceptually never resized if such settings change. For fullheight and
2128 fullwidth frames, the behavior may depend on the toolkit used.
2129 **** New option `frame-inhibit-implied-resize' if non-nil, means that
2130 setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or scroll bars of a
2131 specific frame does not resize that frame in order to preserve the
2132 number of columns or lines it displays.
2135 *** New function `window-preserve-size' allows you to preserve the size of
2136 a window without "fixing" it. It's supported by `fit-window-to-buffer',
2137 `temp-buffer-resize-mode' and `display-buffer'.
2140 *** New `display-buffer' action function `display-buffer-use-some-frame'.
2141 This displays the buffer in an existing frame other than the current
2142 frame, and allows the caller to specify a frame predicate to exclude
2146 *** New minor mode `window-divider-mode' and options
2147 `window-divider-default-places', `window-divider-default-bottom-width'
2148 and `window-divider-default-right-width'.
2151 ** Tearoff menus and detachable toolbars for Gtk+ have been removed.
2152 Those features have been deprecated in Gtk+ for a long time.
2157 *** etags no longer qualifies class members by default.
2159 By default, `etags' will not qualify class members for C-like
2160 object-oriented languages with their class names and namespaces, and
2161 will remove qualifications used explicitly in the code from the tag
2162 names it puts in TAGS files. This is so the etags.el back-end for
2163 `xref-find-definitions' is more accurate and produces less false
2166 Use --class-qualify (-Q) if you want the old default behavior of
2167 qualifying class members in C++, Java, and Objective C. Note that
2168 using -Q might make some class members become "unknown" to `M-.'
2169 (`xref-find-definitions'); if so, you can use `C-u M-.' to specify the
2170 qualified names by hand.
2173 *** New language Ruby
2175 Names of modules, classes, methods, functions, and constants are
2176 tagged. Overloaded operators are also tagged.
2180 Names of packages, functions, and types are tagged.
2183 *** Improved support for Lua
2185 Etags now tags functions even if the "function" keyword follows some
2186 whitespace at line beginning.
2189 * Changes in Emacs 25.1 on Non-Free Operating Systems
2192 ** MS-Windows specific Emacs build scripts are no longer in the distribution
2193 This includes the makefile.w32-in files in various subdirectories, and
2194 the support files. The file nt/configure.bat now just tells the user
2195 to use the procedure described in nt/INSTALL, by running the Posix
2196 `configure' script in the top-level directory.
2199 ** Building Emacs for MS-Windows requires at least Windows XP
2200 or Windows Server 2003. The built binaries still run on all versions
2201 of Windows starting with Windows 9X.
2204 ** Emacs running on MS-Windows now supports the daemon mode.
2207 ** The byte counts in etags-generated TAGS files are now the same on
2208 MS-Windows as they are on other platforms.
2211 ** On OS X, configure creates a Cocoa ("Nextstep") build by default.
2212 Pass '--without-ns' to configure to create an X11 build, the old default.
2215 ** OS X 10.5 or older is no longer supported.
2218 ** OS X on PowerPC is no longer supported.
2221 ** New variable `ns-use-fullscreen-animation' controls animation for
2222 non-native NS fullscreen. The default is nil. Set to t to enable
2223 animation when entering and leaving fullscreen. For native OSX fullscreen
2227 ** The new function 'w32-application-type' returns the type of an
2228 MS-Windows application given the name of its executable program file.
2230 ** New variable `w32-pipe-buffer-size'.
2231 It can be used to tune the size of the buffer of pipes created for
2232 communicating with subprocesses, when the program run by a subprocess
2233 exhibits unusual buffering behavior. Default is zero, which lets the
2234 OS use its default size.
2237 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2238 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
2240 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2241 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2242 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2243 (at your option) any later version.
2245 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2246 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2247 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2248 GNU General Public License for more details.
2250 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2251 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2257 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"