1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
3 Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end of the file for license conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in Emacs version 25.
11 See file HISTORY for a list of GNU Emacs versions and release dates.
12 See files NEWS.24, NEWS.23, NEWS.22, NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18,
13 and NEWS.1-17 for changes in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling 'view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
19 +++ indicates that all necessary documentation updates are complete.
20 (This means all relevant manuals in doc/ AND lisp doc-strings.)
21 --- means no change in the manuals is needed.
22 When you add a new item, use the appropriate mark if you are sure it applies,
23 otherwise leave it unmarked.
26 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.2
28 ** The new option 'configure --enable-gcc-warnings=warn-only' causes
29 GCC to issue warnings without stopping the build. This behavior is
30 now the default in developer builds. As before, use
31 '--disable-gcc-warnings' to suppress GCC's warnings, and
32 '--enable-gcc-warnings' to stop the build if GCC issues warnings.
35 ** The Emacs server now has socket-launching support. This allows
36 socket based activation, where an external process like systemd can
37 invoke the Emacs server process upon a socket connection event and
38 hand the socket over to Emacs. Emacs uses this socket to service
39 emacsclient commands. This new functionality can be disabled with the
40 configure option '--disable-libsystemd'.
42 ** New configure option '--disable-build-details' attempts to build an
43 Emacs that is more likely to be reproducible; that is, if you build
44 and install Emacs twice, the second Emacs is a copy of the first.
45 Deterministic builds omit the build date from the output of the
46 emacs-version and erc-cmd-SV functions, and the leave the following
47 variables nil: emacs-build-system, emacs-build-time,
50 ** Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs users are not
51 affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in December 2013.
54 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.2
57 * Changes in Emacs 25.2
60 ** The new user option 'mouse-select-region-move-to-beginning'
61 controls the position of point when double-clicking mouse-1 on the end
62 of a parenthetical grouping or string-delimiter: the default value nil
63 keeps point at the end of the region, setting it to non-nil moves
64 point to the beginning of the region.
67 ** 'find-library-name' will now fall back on looking at 'load-history'
68 to try to locate libraries that have been loaded with an explicit path
72 ** Faces in 'minibuffer-prompt-properties' no longer overwrite properties
73 in the text in functions like 'read-from-minibuffer', but instead are
74 added to the end of the face list. This allows users to say things
75 like '(read-from-minibuffer (propertize "Enter something: " 'face 'bold))'.
78 ** The new variable 'extended-command-suggest-shorter' has been added
79 to control whether to suggest shorter 'M-x' commands or not.
82 ** icomplete now respects 'completion-ignored-extensions'.
85 ** Non-breaking hyphens are now displayed with the 'nobreak-hyphen'
86 face instead of the 'escape-glyph' face.
89 ** 'C-x h' ('mark-whole-buffer') will now avoid marking the prompt
93 ** 'find-library' now takes a prefix argument to pop to a different
96 ** 'find-library', 'help-function-def' and 'help-variable-def' now run
97 'find-function-after-hook'.
100 ** 'process-attributes' on Darwin systems now returns more information.
103 ** Several accessors for the value returned by 'file-attributes'
104 have been added. They are: 'file-attribute-type',
105 'file-attribute-link-number', 'file-attribute-user-id',
106 'file-attribute-group-id', 'file-attribute-access-time',
107 'file-attribute-modification-time',
108 'file-attribute-status-change-time', 'file-attribute-size',
109 'file-attribute-modes', 'file-attribute-inode-number', and
110 'file-attribute-device-number'.
113 ** The new function 'buffer-hash' computes a fast, non-consing hash of
117 ** 'fill-paragraph' no longer marks the buffer as changed unless it
118 actually changed something.
121 ** The locale language name 'ca' is now mapped to the language
122 environment 'Catalan', which has been added.
125 ** 'align-regexp' has a separate history for its interactive argument.
126 'align-regexp' no longer shares its history with all other
127 history-less functions that use 'read-string'.
130 ** The networking code has been reworked so that it's more
131 asynchronous than it was (when specifying :nowait t in
132 'make-network-process'). How asynchronous it is varies based on the
133 capabilities of the system, but on a typical GNU/Linux system the DNS
134 resolution, the connection, and (for TLS streams) the TLS negotiation
135 are all done without blocking the main Emacs thread. To get
136 asynchronous TLS, the TLS boot parameters have to be passed in (see
137 the manual for details).
139 Certain process oriented functions (like 'process-datagram-address')
140 will block until socket setup has been performed. The recommended way
141 to deal with asynchronous sockets is to avoid interacting with them
142 until they have changed status to "run". This is most easily done
143 from a process sentinel.
145 ** 'make-network-process' and 'open-network-stream' sometimes allowed
146 :service to be an integer string (e.g., :service "993") and sometimes
147 required an integer (e.g., :service 993). This difference has been
148 eliminated, and integer strings work everywhere.
150 ** It is possible to disable attempted recovery on fatal signals.
152 Two new variables support disabling attempts to recover from stack
153 overflow and to avoid automatic auto-save when Emacs is delivered a
154 fatal signal. 'attempt-stack-overflow-recovery', if set to 'nil',
155 will disable attempts to recover from C stack overflows; Emacs will
156 then crash as with any other fatal signal.
157 'attempt-orderly-shutdown-on-fatal-signal', if set to 'nil', will
158 disable attempts to auto-save the session and shut down in an orderly
159 fashion when Emacs receives a fatal signal; instead, Emacs will
160 terminate immediately. Both variables are non-'nil' by default.
161 These variables are for users who would like to avoid the small
162 probability of data corruption due to techniques Emacs uses to recover
166 ** File local and directory local variables are now initialized each
167 time the major mode is set, not just when the file is first visited.
168 These local variables will thus not vanish on setting a major mode.
171 ** A second dir-local file (.dir-locals-2.el) is now accepted.
172 See the variable 'dir-locals-file-2' for more information.
175 ** International domain names (IDNA) are now encoded via the new
176 puny.el library, so that one can visit web sites with non-ASCII URLs.
179 ** The new 'timer-list' command lists all active timers in a buffer,
180 where you can cancel them with the 'c' command.
183 ** The new function 'read-multiple-choice' prompts for multiple-choice
184 questions, with a handy way to display help texts.
187 ** 'switch-to-buffer-preserve-window-point' now defaults to t.
190 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.2
193 ** New bindings for 'query-replace-map'.
194 'undo', undo the last replacement; bound to 'u'.
195 'undo-all', undo all replacements; bound to 'U'.
197 ** 'delete-trailing-whitespace' deletes whitespace after form feed.
198 In modes where form feed was treated as a whitespace character,
199 'delete-trailing-whitespace' would keep lines containing it unchanged.
200 It now deletes whitespace after the last form feed thus behaving the
201 same as in modes where the character is not whitespace.
204 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
209 *** A new command 'ibuffer-copy-buffername-as-kill'; bound
213 *** New command 'ibuffer-change-marks'; bound to '* c'.
216 *** A new command 'ibuffer-mark-by-locked' to mark
217 all locked buffers; bound to '% L'.
220 *** A new option 'ibuffer-locked-char' to indicate
221 locked buffers; Ibuffer shows a new column displaying
222 'ibuffer-locked-char' for locked buffers.
225 *** A new command 'ibuffer-unmark-all-marks' to unmark
226 all buffers without asking confirmation; bound to
227 'U'; 'ibuffer-do-replace-regexp' bound to 'r'.
230 *** A new command `ibuffer-mark-by-content-regexp' to mark buffers
231 whose content matches a regexp; bound to '% g'.
234 *** Two new options `ibuffer-never-search-content-name' and
235 `ibuffer-never-search-content-mode' used by
236 `ibuffer-mark-by-content-regexp'.
241 *** Messages from CMake are now recognized.
246 *** A New option 'dired-always-read-filesystem' default to nil.
247 If non-nil, buffers visiting files are reverted before search them;
248 for instance, in 'dired-mark-files-containing-regexp' a non-nil value
249 of this option means the file is revisited in a temporary buffer;
250 this temporary buffer is the actual buffer searched: the original buffer
251 visiting the file is not modified.
254 *** In wdired, when editing files to contain slash characters,
255 the resulting directories are automatically created. Whether to do
256 this is controlled by the 'wdired-create-parent-directories' variable.
259 *** 'W' is now bound to 'browse-url-of-dired-file', and is useful for
260 viewing HTML files and the like.
264 *** Ediff can be prevented from pausing 1 second after reaching a
265 breakpoint (e.g. with "f" and "o") by customizing the new option
266 'edebug-sit-on-break'.
271 *** A new 's' command for switching to another eww buffer via the minibuffer.
274 *** The 'o' command ('shr-save-contents') has moved to 'O' to avoid collision
275 with the 'o' command from 'image-map'.
278 *** A new command 'C' ('eww-toggle-colors') can be used to toggle
279 whether to use the HTML-specified colors or not. The user can also
280 customize the 'shr-use-colors' variable.
283 *** Images that are being loaded are now marked with gray
284 "placeholder" images of the size specified by the HTML. They are then
285 replaced by the real images asynchronously, which will also now
286 respect width/height HTML specs (unless they specify widths/heights
287 bigger than the current window).
292 *** Images are automatically scaled before displaying based on the
293 'image-scaling-factor' variable (if Emacs supports scaling the images
297 *** Images inserted with 'insert-image' and related functions get a
298 keymap put into the text properties (or overlays) that span the
299 image. This keymap binds keystrokes for manipulating size and
300 rotation, as well as saving the image to a file. These commands are
301 also available in 'image-mode'.
304 *** A new library for creating and manipulating SVG images has been
305 added. See the "SVG Images" section in the lispref manual for
309 *** New setf-able function to access and set image parameters is
310 provided: 'image-property'.
313 ** The default 'Info-default-directory-list' no longer checks some obsolete
314 directory suffixes (gnu, gnu/lib, gnu/lib/emacs, emacs, lib, lib/emacs)
315 when searching for info directories.
318 ** The commands that add ChangeLog entries now prefer a VCS root directory
319 for the ChangeLog file, if none already exists. Customize
320 'change-log-directory-files' to nil for the old behavior.
323 ** Support for non-string values of 'time-stamp-format' has been removed.
328 *** 'message-use-idna' now defaults to t (because Emacs comes with
329 built-in IDNA support now).
332 *** When sending HTML messages with embedded images, and you have
333 exiftool installed, and you rotate images with EXIF data (i.e.,
334 JPEGs), the rotational information will be inserted into the outgoing
335 image in the message. (The original image will not have its
336 orientation affected.)
339 *** The 'message-valid-fqdn-regexp' variable has been removed, since
340 there are now top-level domains added all the time. Message will no
341 longer warn about sending emails to top-level domains it hasn't heard
344 *** 'message-beginning-of-line' (bound to C-a) understands folded headers.
345 In 'visual-line-mode' it will look for the true beginning of a header
346 while in non-'visual-line-mode' it will move the point to the indented
352 *** New connection method "sg", which supports editing files under a
356 *** New connection method "doas" for OpenBSD hosts.
359 *** New connection method "gdrive", which allows to access Google
360 Drive onsite repositories.
363 ** 'auto-revert-use-notify' is set back to t in 'global-auto-revert-mode'.
368 *** Support for completing attribute values, at-rules, bang-rules, and
369 HTML tags using the 'completion-at-point' command.
372 ** Emacs now supports character name escape sequences in character and
373 string literals. The syntax variants \N{character name} and
374 \N{U+code} are supported.
377 ** Prog mode has some support for multi-mode indentation.
378 This allows better indentation support in modes that support multiple
379 programming languages in the same buffer, like literate programming
380 environments or ANTLR programs with embedded Python code.
382 A major mode can provide indentation context for a sub-mode through
383 the 'prog-indentation-context' variable. To support this, modes that
384 provide indentation should use 'prog-widen' instead of 'widen' and
385 'prog-first-column' instead of a literal zero. See the node
386 "Mode-Specific Indent" in the ELisp manual for more details.
390 *** New variable 'erc-default-port-tls' used to connect to TLS IRC
396 *** The new function 'url-cookie-delete-cookie' can be used to
397 programmatically delete all cookies, or cookies from a specific
401 *** 'url-retrieve-synchronously' now takes an optional timeout parameter.
404 *** The URL package now support HTTPS over proxies supporting CONNECT.
407 *** 'url-user-agent' now defaults to 'default', and the User-Agent
408 string is computed dynamically based on 'url-privacy-level'.
410 ** VC and related modes
413 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now defaults to more
414 colorful faces to make it more obvious to the user what the state is.
415 See the 'vc-faces' customization group.
419 *** Opening a .h file will turn C or C++ mode depending on language used.
420 This is done with the help of 'c-or-c++-mode' function which analyses
421 contents of the buffer to determine whether it's a C or C++ source
425 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
427 ** New Elisp data-structure library `radix-tree'.
430 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
433 ** Resizing a frame no longer runs 'window-configuration-change-hook'.
434 Put your function on 'window-size-change-functions' instead.
436 ** 'C-up', 'C-down', 'C-left' and 'C-right' are now defined in term
437 mode to send the same escape sequences that xterm does. This makes
438 things like forward-word in readline work.
441 ** hideshow mode got four key bindings that are analogous to outline
442 mode bindings: 'C-c @ C-a', 'C-c @ C-t', 'C-c @ C-d', and 'C-c @ C-e.'
444 ** The grep/rgrep/lgrep functions will now ask about saving files
445 before running. This is controlled by the 'grep-save-buffers'
449 ** The variable 'text-quoting-style' no longer affects the treatment
450 of curved quotes in format arguments to functions like 'message' and
451 'format-message'. In particular, when this variable's value is
452 'grave', all quotes in formats are output as-is.
454 ** Functions like 'check-declare-file' and 'check-declare-directory'
455 now generate less chatter and more-compact diagnostics. The auxiliary
456 function 'check-declare-errmsg' has been removed.
459 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
461 ** New var `definition-prefixes' is a hashtable mapping prefixes to the
462 files where corresponding definitions can be found. This can be used
463 to fetch definitions that are not yet loaded, for example for `C-h f'.
465 ** New var syntax-ppss-table to control the syntax-table used in syntax-ppss.
468 ** 'define-derived-mode' can now specify an :after-hook form, which
469 gets evaluated after the new mode's hook has run. This can be used to
470 incorporate configuration changes made in the mode hook into the
473 ** Autoload files can be generated without timestamps,
474 by setting 'autoload-timestamps' to nil.
475 FIXME As an experiment, nil is the current default.
476 If no insurmountable problems before next release, it can stay that way.
479 ** 'gnutls-boot' now takes a parameter :complete-negotiation that says
480 that negotiation should complete even on non-blocking sockets.
483 ** New functions 'window-pixel-width-before-size-change' and
484 'window-pixel-height-before-size-change' support detecting which
485 window changed size when 'window-size-change-functions' are run.
488 ** New function 'display-buffer-reuse-mode-window' is an action function
489 suitable for use in 'display-buffer-alist'. For example, to avoid creating
490 a new window when opening man pages when there's already one, use
491 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
492 '("\\`\\*Man .*\\*\\'" .
493 (display-buffer-reuse-mode-window
494 (inhibit-same-window . nil)
498 ** There is now a new variable 'flyspell-sort-corrections-function'
499 that allows changing the way corrections are sorted.
502 ** The new command 'fortune-message' has been added, which displays
503 fortunes in the echo area.
506 ** New function 'func-arity' returns information about the argument list
507 of an arbitrary function. This generalizes 'subr-arity' for functions
508 that are not built-in primitives. We recommend using this new
509 function instead of 'subr-arity'.
512 ** 'parse-partial-sexp' state has a new element. Element 10 is
513 non-nil when the last character scanned might be the first character
514 of a two character construct, i.e., a comment delimiter or escaped
515 character. Its value is the syntax of that last character.
518 ** 'parse-partial-sexp''s state, element 9, has now been confirmed as
519 permanent and documented, and may be used by Lisp programs. Its value
520 is a list of currently open parenthesis positions, starting with the
521 outermost parenthesis.
524 ** 'read-color' will now display the color names using the color itself
525 as the background color.
527 ** The function 'redirect-debugging-output' now works on platforms
528 other than GNU/Linux.
531 ** The new function 'string-version-lessp' compares strings by
532 interpreting consecutive runs of numerical characters as numbers, and
533 compares their numerical values. According to this predicate,
534 "foo2.png" is smaller than "foo12.png".
537 ** The new function 'char-from-name' converts a Unicode name string
538 to the corresponding character code.
541 ** New functions 'sxhash-eq' and 'sxhash-eql' return hash codes of a
542 Lisp object suitable for use with 'eq' and 'eql' correspondingly. If
543 two objects are 'eq' ('eql'), then the result of 'sxhash-eq'
544 ('sxhash-eql') on them will be the same.
547 ** Function 'sxhash' has been renamed to 'sxhash-equal' for
548 consistency with the new functions. For compatibility, 'sxhash'
549 remains as an alias to 'sxhash-equal'.
552 ** Time conversion functions that accept a time zone rule argument now
553 allow it to be OFFSET or a list (OFFSET ABBR), where the integer
554 OFFSET is a count of seconds east of Universal Time, and the string
555 ABBR is a time zone abbreviation. The affected functions are
556 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone', 'decode-time',
557 'format-time-string', and 'set-time-zone-rule'.
560 *** New basic face 'fixed-pitch-serif', for a fixed-width font with serifs.
561 The Info-quoted and tex-verbatim faces now default to inheriting from it.
563 ** New built-in function `mapcan' which avoids unnecessary consing (and garbage
567 * Changes in Emacs 25.2 on Non-Free Operating Systems
569 ** Intercepting hotkeys on Windows 7 and later now works better.
570 The new keyboard hooking code properly grabs system hotkeys such as
571 Win-* and Alt-TAB, in a way that Emacs can get at them before the
572 system. This makes the 'w32-register-hot-key' functionality work
573 again on all versions of MS-Windows starting with Windows 7. On
574 Windows NT and later you can now register any hotkey combination. (On
575 Windows 9X, the previous limitations, spelled out in the Emacs manual,
578 ** 'convert-standard-filename' no longer mirrors slashes on MS-Windows.
579 Previously, on MS-Windows this function converted slash characters in
580 file names into backslashes. It no longer does that.
583 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.1
586 ** Building Emacs now requires C99 or later.
589 ** Building Emacs now requires GNU make, version 3.81 or later.
592 ** New configure option --with-cairo.
593 This builds Emacs with Cairo drawing. As a side effect, it provides
594 support for built-in printing, when Emacs was built with GTK+.
595 Cairo drawing is an experimental feature in Emacs, and subject to
596 change in future releases.
599 ** New configure option --with-modules.
600 This enables support for loading dynamic modules; see below.
603 ** By default, Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs
604 users are not affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in
605 December 2013. If you are affected, please send a bug report. You
606 should be able to work around the problem either by porting the Emacs
607 undumping code to GCC under IRIX, or by configuring --with-wide-int,
608 or by sticking with Emacs 24.4.
611 ** The Emacs garbage collector assumes GC_MARK_STACK == GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS.
612 The GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS stack-marking variant has been the default
613 since Emacs 24.4, and the other variants were undocumented and were
614 obstacles to maintenance and development. GC_MARK_STACK and its
615 related symbols have been removed from the C internals.
618 ** 'configure' now prefers gnustep-config when configuring GNUstep.
619 If gnustep-config is not available, the old heuristics are used.
622 ** 'configure' now prefers inotify to gfile for file notification,
623 unless gfile is explicitly requested via --with-file-notification='gfile'.
626 ** 'configure' detects the kqueue file notification library on *BSD
627 and Mac OS X machines.
630 ** The configure option '--with-pkg-config-prog' has been removed.
631 Use './configure PKG_CONFIG=/full/name/of/pkg-config' if you need to.
634 ** The configure option '--with-mmdf' has been removed.
635 It was no longer useful, as it relied on libraries that are no longer
636 supported, and its presence led to confusion during configuration.
637 This affects only the 'movemail' utility; Emacs itself can still
638 process MMDF-format files as before.
641 ** The configure option '--enable-silent-rules' is now the default,
642 and silent rules are now quieter. To get the old behavior where
643 'make' chatters a lot, configure with '--disable-silent-rules' or
644 build with 'make V=1'.
647 ** The configure option '--with-gameuser' now allows you to specify a
648 group instead of a user if its argument is prefixed by ':' (a colon).
649 This will cause the game score files in "${localstatedir}/games/emacs"
650 to be owned by that group, and the helper program for updating them to
651 be installed setgid. The option now defaults to the 'games' group.
654 ** The 'grep-changelog' script (and its manual page) are no longer included.
655 It has no particular connection to Emacs and has not changed in years,
656 so if you want to use it, you can always take a copy from an older Emacs.
659 ** Emacs 25 comes with a new set of icons.
660 Various resolutions are available as etc/images/icons/hicolor/*/apps/emacs.png.
661 The old Emacs logo icons are available as 'emacs23.png' in the same location.
664 ** New make target 'check-expensive' to run additional tests.
665 This includes all tests which run via "make check", plus additional
666 tests which take more time to perform.
669 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.1
672 ** When Emacs is given a file as a command line argument and
673 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, display both the file and
674 'initial-buffer-choice'. When Emacs is given more than one file and
675 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, show 'initial-buffer-choice'
676 and '*Buffer List*'. This makes Emacs convenient to use from the
677 command line when 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil.
680 ** The value of 'initial-scratch-message' is now treated as a doc string
681 and can contain escape sequences for command keys, quotes, and the like.
684 ** The default height of GUI frames was enlarged.
685 This is so there's enough space in the initial window to display the
686 optional text about recovering crashes sessions, without losing the
687 splash image display.
690 * Changes in Emacs 25.1
693 ** Xwidgets: a new feature for embedding native widgets inside Emacs buffers.
694 If you have gtk3 and webkitgtk3 installed, and Emacs was built with
695 xwidget support, you can access the embedded webkit browser with 'M-x
696 xwidget-webkit-browse-url'. This opens a new buffer with the embedded
697 browser. The buffer will have a new mode, 'xwidget-webkit-mode'
698 (similar to 'image-mode'), which supports the webkit widget.
701 *** New functions for xwidget-webkit mode 'xwidget-webkit-insert-string',
702 'xwidget-webkit-adjust-size-dispatch', 'xwidget-webkit-back',
703 'xwidget-webkit-browse-url', 'xwidget-webkit-reload',
704 'xwidget-webkit-current-url', 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-backward',
705 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-forward', 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-down',
706 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-up'.
709 ** Emacs can now load shared/dynamic libraries (modules).
710 A dynamic Emacs module is a shared library that provides additional
711 functionality for use in Emacs Lisp programs, just like a package
712 written in Emacs Lisp would. The functions 'load', 'require',
713 'load-file', etc. were extended to load such modules, as they do with
714 Emacs Lisp packages. The new variable 'module-file-suffix' holds the
715 system-dependent value of the file-name extension ('.so' on Posix
716 hosts) of the module files.
718 A module should export a C-callable function named
719 'emacs_module_init', which Emacs will call as part of the call to
720 'load' or 'require' which loads the module. It should also export a
721 symbol named 'plugin_is_GPL_compatible' to indicate that its code is
722 released under the GPL or compatible license; Emacs will refuse to
723 load modules that don't export such a symbol.
725 If a module needs to call Emacs functions, it should do so through the
726 API defined and documented in the header file 'emacs-module.h'. Note
727 that any module that provides Lisp-callable functions will have to use
728 Emacs functions such as 'fset' and 'funcall', in order to register its
729 functions with the Emacs Lisp interpreter.
731 Modules can create 'user-ptr' Lisp objects that embed pointers to C
732 structs defined by the module. This is useful for keeping around
733 complex data structures created by a module, to be passed back to the
734 module's functions. User-ptr objects can also have associated
735 "finalizers" -- functions to be run when the object is GC'ed; this is
736 useful for freeing any resources allocated for the underlying data
737 structure, such as memory, open file descriptors, etc. A new
738 predicate 'user-ptrp' returns non-nil if its argument is a 'user-ptr'
741 Loadable modules in Emacs are an experimental feature, and subject to
742 change in future releases. For that reason, their support is disabled
743 by default, and must be enabled by using the '--with-modules' option
747 ** Network security (TLS/SSL certificate validity and the like) is
748 added via the new Network Security Manager (NSM) and controlled via
749 the 'network-security-level' variable.
752 ** 'C-h l' now also lists the commands that were run.
755 ** 'x-select-enable-clipboard' is renamed 'select-enable-clipboard'
756 and 'x-select-enable-primary' is renamed 'select-enable-primary'.
757 Additionally they both now apply to all systems (OSX, GNUstep, Windows, you
758 name it), with the proviso that on some systems (e.g. Windows)
759 'select-enable-primary' is ineffective since the system doesn't
760 have the equivalent of a primary selection.
763 ** New option 'switch-to-buffer-in-dedicated-window' allows you to
764 customize how 'switch-to-buffer' proceeds interactively when the
765 selected window is strongly dedicated to its buffer.
768 ** The option 'even-window-heights' has been renamed to
769 'even-window-sizes' and now handles window widths as well.
772 ** 'terpri' gets an optional arg ENSURE to conditionally output a newline.
775 ** 'insert-register' now leaves point after the inserted text
776 when called interactively. A prefix argument toggles this behavior.
779 ** The new variable 'term-file-aliases' replaces some files from lisp/term.
780 The function 'tty-run-terminal-initialization' consults this variable
781 when deciding what terminal-specific initialization code to run.
784 ** New variable 'system-configuration-features', listing some of the
785 main features that Emacs was compiled with. This is mainly intended
786 for use in Emacs bug reports.
789 ** A password is now hidden also when typed in batch mode. Another
790 hiding character but the default '.' can be used by let-binding the
791 variable 'read-hide-char'.
794 ** The Emacs pseudo-random number generator can be securely seeded.
795 On systems where Emacs can access the system entropy or some other
796 cryptographically secure random stream, it now uses that when 'random'
797 is called with its argument t. This allows cryptographically strong
798 random values; in particular, the Emacs server now uses this facility
799 to produce its authentication key.
802 ** New input methods: 'tamil-dvorak' and 'programmer-dvorak'.
805 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.1
808 ** 'M-x' suggests shorthands and ignores obsolete commands for completion.
813 *** Successive single-char deletions are collapsed in the undo-log just like
814 successive char insertions. Which commands invoke this behavior is
815 controlled by the new 'undo-auto-amalgamate' function. See the node
816 "Undo" in the ELisp manual for more details.
819 *** The heuristic used to insert 'undo-boundary' after each command
820 has changed, so that if a command causes changes in more than just the
821 current buffer, Emacs now calls 'undo-boundary' in every buffer
822 affected by the command.
825 ** New command 'comment-line' bound to 'C-x C-;'.
827 ** New and improved facilities for inserting Unicode characters
830 *** Unicode names entered via 'C-x 8 RET' now use substring completion
834 *** 'C-x 8' now has shorthands for several chars, such as U+2010
835 (HYPHEN), U+2011 (NON-BREAKING HYPHEN), and U+2012 (FIGURE DASH). As
836 before, you can type 'C-x 8 C-h' to list shorthands.
839 *** New minor mode 'electric-quote-mode' for using curved quotes as you
840 type. See also the new variable 'text-quoting-style'.
843 ** New minor mode 'global-eldoc-mode' is enabled by default.
846 ** Emacs now uses "bracketed paste mode" on text terminals that support it.
847 Bracketed paste mode causes text terminals to wrap pasted text in special
848 escape sequences that allow Emacs to tell the difference between text
849 you type and text you paste from other applications. Emacs then
850 avoids interpreting each character in the pasted text as it does with
851 keyboard input, which results in a paste experience similar to that
852 under a window system, and significant performance improvements when
853 pasting large amounts of text.
855 Bracketed paste mode is disabled by default, so Emacs automatically
856 enables it at startup if the terminal supports it.
859 ** Emacs now supports the latest version of the UBA.
860 The Emacs implementation of the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UBA)
861 was updated to support all the latest additions and changes introduced
862 in Unicode Standard versions 6.3, 7.0, and the latest Unicode 8.0.
863 This includes full support for directional isolates and the
864 Bidirectional Parentheses Algorithm (BPA) specified by these Unicode
868 ** You can access 'mouse-buffer-menu' ('C-down-mouse-1') using 'C-f10'.
871 ** New buffer-local 'electric-pair-local-mode'.
874 ** New variable 'fast-but-imprecise-scrolling' inhibits
875 fontification during full screen scrolling operations, giving less
876 hesitant operation during auto-repeat of 'C-v', 'M-v' at the cost of
877 possible inaccuracies in the end position.
880 ** New documentation command 'describe-symbol'.
881 Works for functions, variables, faces, etc. It is bound to 'C-h o' by
885 ** New function 'custom-prompt-customize-unsaved-options' checks for
886 unsaved customizations and prompts user to customize (if found). It
887 is intended for adding to 'kill-emacs-query-functions'.
890 ** The old 'C-x w' bindings in 'hi-lock-mode' are officially deprecated
891 in favor of the global 'M-s h' bindings introduced in Emacs 23.1.
892 They'll disappear soon.
895 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
900 *** New command 'checkdoc-package-keywords' checks if the
901 current package keywords are recognized. Set the new option
902 'checkdoc-package-keywords-flag' to non-nil to make
903 'checkdoc-current-buffer' call this function automatically.
906 *** New function 'checkdoc-file' checks for style errors.
907 It's meant for use together with 'compile':
908 emacs -batch --eval "(checkdoc-file \"subr.el\")"
913 *** The desktop format version has been upgraded from 206 to 208.
914 Although Emacs 25.1 can read a version 206 desktop, earlier Emacsen
915 cannot read a version 208 desktop. To upgrade your desktop file, you
916 must explicitly request the upgrade, by 'C-u M-x desktop-save'. You are
917 recommended to do this as soon as you have firmly upgraded to Emacs
918 25.1 (or later). Should you ever need to downgrade your desktop file
919 to version 206, you can do this with 'C-u C-u M-x desktop-save'.
922 *** desktop-restore-in-current-display now defaults to t, not nil.
923 That is, Emacs by default now restores frames into the current display.
926 ** New function 'bookmark-set-no-overwrite' bound to 'C-x r M'.
927 It raises an error if a bookmark of that name already exists,
928 unlike 'bookmark-set' which silently updates an existing bookmark.
933 *** New user options 'mm-html-inhibit-images' and 'mm-html-blocked-images'
934 now control how mm-* functions fetch and display images in an HTML
935 message. Gnus still uses 'gnus-inhibit-images' and 'gnus-blocked-images'
936 for that purpose, i.e., binds mm-html- variables with those gnus-
937 variables, but other packages do not have to bind gnus- variables now.
940 *** 'mm-inline-text-html-with-images' has been removed.
941 Use 'mm-html-inhibit-images' instead. Note that the value is opposite
947 *** 'imap-ssl-program' has been removed, and imap.el uses the internal
948 GnuTLS encryption functions if possible.
953 *** 'json-pretty-print' and 'json-pretty-print-buffer' now maintain
954 the ordering of object keys by default.
957 *** New commands 'json-pretty-print-ordered' and
958 'json-pretty-print-buffer-ordered' pretty prints JSON objects with
959 object keys sorted alphabetically.
961 ** Prettify Symbols mode
964 *** Prettify Symbols mode supports custom composition predicates. By
965 overriding the default 'prettify-symbols-compose-predicate', modes can
966 specify in which contexts a symbol may be displayed as some Unicode
967 character. 'prettify-symbols-default-compose-p' is the default which
968 is suitable for most programming languages such as C or Lisp (but not
972 *** Symbols can be unprettified while point is inside them.
973 New variable 'prettify-symbols-unprettify-at-point' configures this.
975 ** Enhanced xterm support
978 *** The new variable 'xterm-screen-extra-capabilities' for configuring xterm.
979 This variable tells Emacs which advanced capabilities are available in
980 the xterm terminal emulator used to display Emacs text-mode frames.
981 The default is to check each capability, and use it if available.
982 (This variable was introduced in Emacs 24.1, but was not announced in
986 *** Killing text now also sets the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection
987 in the surrounding GUI (using the OSC-52 escape sequence). This only works
988 if your xterm supports it and enables the 'allowWindowOps' options (disabled
989 by default at least in Debian, for security reasons).
991 Similarly, you can yank the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection (using the OSC-52
992 escape sequence) if your xterm has the feature enabled but for that you
993 additionally need to add 'getSelection' to 'xterm-extra-capabilities'.
996 *** 'xterm-mouse-mode' now supports mouse-tracking (if your xterm supports it).
999 ** The way to turn on and off 'save-place' mode has changed.
1000 It is no longer sufficient to load the saveplace library and set
1001 'save-place' non-nil. Instead, use the two new minor modes:
1002 'save-place-mode' turns on saving last place in every file, and
1003 'save-place-local-mode' does that only for the file in whose buffer it
1004 is invoked. The 'save-place' variable is now an obsolete alias for
1005 'save-place-mode', which replaces it, and 'toggle-save-place' is an
1006 obsolete alias for the new 'save-place-local-mode' command.
1011 *** ERC can now hide message types by network or channel.
1012 'erc-hide-list' will hide all messages of the specified type, while
1013 'erc-network-hide-list' and 'erc-channel-hide-list' will only hide the
1014 specified message types for the respective specified targets.
1017 *** Reconnection is now asynchronous.
1020 *** Nick completion is now case-insensitive again after inadvertently
1021 being made case-sensitive in Emacs 24.2.
1026 *** New commands, key binds, and menu items.
1028 **** '<' and '>' for navigating previous and next tracks in playlist
1030 **** New play/pause command 'mpc-toggle-play' bound to 's'
1032 **** 'g' bound to new command 'mpc-seek-current' will navigate current
1035 **** New commands 'mpc-toggle-{consume,repeat,single,shuffle}' for
1036 toggling playback modes.
1039 *** Now supports connecting to a UNIX domain socket.
1042 *** Looks at more image file names to use as album art.
1043 Case-insensitively tries for .folder.png (freedesktop) and folder.jpg
1044 (XP) in addition to cover.jpg.
1047 *** Searches in more locations for MPD configuration files.
1048 MPD supports the XDG base directory specification since version 0.17.6.
1053 *** 'midnight-mode' is now a proper minor mode.
1056 *** clean-buffer-*-regexps can now specify buffers via predicate functions.
1061 *** New "external" package status.
1062 An external package is any installed package that's not built-in and
1063 not from 'package-user-dir', which usually means it's from an entry in
1064 'package-directory-list'. They are treated much like built-in
1065 packages, in that they cannot be deleted through the package menu and
1066 are not considered for upgrades.
1068 The effect is that a user can manually place a specific version of a
1069 package inside 'package-directory-list' and the package menu will
1070 always respect that.
1073 *** If a package is available on multiple archives and one has higher
1074 priority (as per 'package-archive-priorities') only that one is
1075 listed. This can be configured with 'package-menu-hide-low-priority'.
1078 *** 'package-menu-toggle-hiding' now toggles the hiding of packages.
1079 This includes the above-mentioned low-priority packages, as well as
1080 available packages whose version is lower than the currently installed
1081 version (which were previously impossible to display).
1082 This allows users to downgrade a package if a lower version is
1086 *** When filtering the package menu, keywords starting with "arc:" or
1087 "status:" represent package archive or status, respectively, instead
1091 *** Most functions which involve downloading information now take an
1092 ASYNC argument. If it is non-nil, package.el performs the download(s)
1096 *** New variable 'package-menu-async' controls whether the
1097 package-menu uses asynchronous downloads.
1100 *** 'package-install-from-buffer' and 'package-install-file' work on directories.
1101 This follows the same rules as installing from a .tar file, except the
1102 -pkg file is optional.
1105 *** Packages which are dependencies of other packages cannot be deleted.
1106 The FORCE argument to 'package-delete' overrides this.
1109 *** New custom variable 'package-selected-packages' tracks packages
1110 which were installed by the user (as opposed to installed as
1111 dependencies). This variable can also be manually customized.
1114 *** New command 'package-install-selected-packages' installs all
1115 packages from 'package-selected-packages' which are currently missing.
1118 *** 'package-install' function now takes a DONT-SELECT argument. If
1119 this function is called interactively or if DONT-SELECT is nil, add the
1120 package being installed to 'package-selected-packages'.
1123 *** New command 'package-autoremove' removes all packages which were
1124 installed strictly as dependencies but are no longer needed.
1129 When you invoke 'shell' interactively, the '*shell*' buffer will now
1130 display in a new window. However, you can customize this behavior via
1131 the 'display-buffer-alist' variable. For example, to get
1132 the old behavior -- '*shell*' buffer displays in current window -- use
1133 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
1134 '("^\\*shell\\*$" . (display-buffer-same-window))).
1138 *** The ':protection' slot option is not obeyed any more.
1140 *** The 'newname' argument to constructors is optional&deprecated.
1141 If you need your objects to be named, do it by inheriting from 'eieio-named'.
1143 *** The <class>-list-p and <class>-child-p functions are declared obsolete.
1145 *** The <class> variables are declared obsolete.
1147 *** The <initarg> variables are declared obsolete.
1149 *** defgeneric and defmethod are declared obsolete.
1150 Use the equivalent facilities from cl-generic.el instead.
1152 *** 'constructor' is now an obsolete alias for 'make-instance'.
1154 *** 'pcase' accepts a new UPattern 'eieio'.
1159 *** New command 'ido-bury-buffer-at-head' bound to 'C-S-b'.
1160 Bury the buffer at the head of 'ido-matches', analogous to how 'C-k'
1161 kills the buffer at head.
1164 *** A prefix argument to 'ido-restrict-to-matches' will reverse its
1165 meaning, and the list is restricted to those elements that do not
1166 match the current input.
1171 *** You can use <UP> and <DOWN> arrow keys to move through history by lines.
1172 The new commands 'next-line-or-history-element' and
1173 'previous-line-or-history-element', bound to <UP> and <DOWN> in the
1174 minibuffer, allow by-line movement through minibuffer history,
1175 similarly to an ordinary buffer. Only when point moves over
1176 the bottom/top of the minibuffer it goes to the next/previous history
1177 element. 'M-p' and 'M-n' still move directly to previous/next history
1180 ** Search and Replace
1183 *** 'isearch' and 'query-replace' can now perform character folding in matches.
1184 This is analogous to case folding, but instead of disregarding case
1185 variants, it disregards wider classes of distinctions between similar
1186 characters. (Case folding is a special case of character folding.)
1187 This means many characters in the search string will match entire
1188 groups of characters instead of just themselves.
1190 For instance, the ASCII double quote character " will match all
1191 variants of double quotes, and the letter 'a' will match all of its
1192 accented cousins, even those composed of multiple characters, as well
1193 as many other symbols like U+249C (PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER
1196 Character folding is enabled by customizing 'search-default-mode' to
1197 the value 'char-fold-to-regexp'. You can also toggle character
1198 folding in the middle of a search by typing 'M-s ''.
1200 'query-replace' honors character folding if the new variable
1201 'replace-char-fold' is customized to a non-nil value.
1204 *** New user option 'search-default-mode'.
1205 This option specifies the default mode for Isearch. The default
1206 value, nil specifies that Isearch does literal searches (however,
1207 'case-fold-search' and 'isearch-lax-whitespace' may still be applied,
1208 as in previous Emacs versions).
1211 *** New function 'char-fold-to-regexp' can be used
1212 by searching commands to produce a regexp matching anything that
1213 char-folds into STRING.
1216 *** The new 'M-s M-w' key binding uses eww to search the web for the
1217 text in the region. The search engine to use for this is specified by
1218 the customizable variable 'eww-search-prefix'.
1221 *** 'query-replace' history is enhanced.
1222 When 'query-replace' reads the FROM string from the minibuffer, typing
1223 'M-p' will now show previous replacements as "FROM SEP TO", where FROM
1224 and TO are the original text and its replacement, and SEP is an arrow
1225 string defined by the new variable 'query-replace-from-to-separator'.
1226 To select a prior replacement, type 'M-p' until the desired
1227 replacement appears in the minibuffer, and then exit the minibuffer by
1232 *** If 'quick-calc' is called with a prefix argument, insert the
1233 result of the calculation into the current buffer.
1236 ** In Edebug, you can now set the initial mode with 'C-x C-a C-m'.
1237 With this you can tell Edebug not to stop at the start of the first
1238 instrumented function.
1243 *** New minor mode 'global-eldoc-mode'.
1244 It is turned on by default, and affects '*scratch*' and other buffers
1245 whose major mode supports Emacs Lisp.
1248 *** 'eldoc-documentation-function' now defaults to 'ignore'.
1251 *** 'describe-char-eldoc' displays information about character at point,
1252 and can be used as a default value of 'eldoc-documentation-function'. It is
1253 useful when, for example, one needs to distinguish various spaces - e.g.,
1254 U+00A0 (NO-BREAK SPACE), U+2002 (EN SPACE), and U+2009 (THIN SPACE) - while
1255 using mono-spaced font.
1260 *** HTML can now be rendered using variable-width fonts.
1263 *** A new command 'F' ('eww-toggle-fonts') can be used to toggle
1264 whether to use variable-pitch fonts or not. The user can also
1265 customize the 'shr-use-fonts' variable.
1268 *** A new command 'R' ('eww-readable') will try do identify the main
1269 textual parts of a web page and display only that, leaving menus and
1270 the like off the page.
1273 *** A new command 'D' ('eww-toggle-paragraph-direction') allows you to
1274 toggle the paragraph direction between left-to-right and right-to-left.
1277 *** You can now use several eww buffers in parallel by renaming eww
1278 buffers you want to keep separate.
1281 *** Partial state of the eww buffers (the URIs and the titles of the
1282 pages visited) is now preserved in the desktop file.
1285 *** 'eww-after-render-hook' is now called after eww has rendered
1286 the data in the buffer.
1289 *** The 'eww-reload' command now takes a prefix to not reload via
1290 the net, but just use the local copy of the HTML.
1293 *** The DOM shr and eww uses has been changed to the general Emacs
1294 xml.el/libxml2 DOM, and a new package dom.el has been added to
1295 interact with this DOM. See the Emacs Lisp manual for interface
1299 *** 'mailcap-mime-data' is now consulted when displaying PDF files.
1302 *** The new 'S' command will list all eww buffers, and allow managing
1306 *** https pages with valid certificates have headers marked in green, while
1307 invalid certificates are marked in red.
1312 *** text/html messages that contain inline image parts will be
1313 transformed into multipart/related messages before sending.
1316 ** In Show Paren Mode, a parenthesis can be highlighted when point
1317 stands inside it, and certain parens can be highlighted when point is
1318 at BOL or EOL, or in whitespace there. To enable these, customize,
1319 respectively, 'show-paren-when-point-inside-paren' or
1320 'show-paren-when-point-in-periphery'.
1323 ** If gpg2 exists on the system, it is now used as the default value
1324 of 'epg-gpg-program' (instead of gpg).
1329 *** Strings after ':documentation' are highlighted as docstrings.
1330 This enhances Lisp mode fontification to handle documentation of the
1331 form '(:documentation "the doc string")' used in Common Lisp code for
1332 CLOS class and slot documentation.
1334 ** Rectangle editing
1337 *** Rectangle Mark mode can have corners past EOL or in the middle of a TAB.
1340 *** 'C-x C-x' in 'rectangle-mark-mode' now cycles through the four corners.
1341 *** 'string-rectangle' provides on-the-fly preview of the result.
1344 ** New font-lock functions 'font-lock-ensure' and 'font-lock-flush'.
1345 These should be used in preference to 'font-lock-fontify-buffer' when
1349 ** Macro 'minibuffer-with-setup-hook' can optionally append a function
1350 to 'minibuffer-setup-hook'.
1352 If the first argument of the macro is of the form '(:append FUN)',
1353 then FUN will be appended to 'minibuffer-setup-hook', instead of
1358 *** New functions 'cl-fresh-line', 'cl-digit-char-p', and 'cl-parse-integer'.
1361 *** 'pcase' accepts the new UPattern 'cl-struct'.
1363 ** Calendar and diary
1366 *** The default 'diary-file' is now located in "~/.emacs.d".
1369 *** New commands to insert diary entries with Chinese dates:
1370 'diary-chinese-insert-anniversary-entry' 'diary-chinese-insert-entry'
1371 'diary-chinese-insert-monthly-entry', 'diary-chinese-insert-yearly-entry'.
1374 *** The calendar can now list and mark diary entries with Chinese dates.
1375 See 'diary-chinese-list-entries' and 'diary-chinese-mark-entries'.
1378 *** The option 'calendar-mode-line-format' can now be nil,
1379 which means to do nothing special with the mode line in calendars.
1382 *** New option 'calendar-weekend-days'.
1383 The option customizes which day headers receive the
1384 'calendar-weekend-header' face.
1387 *** New optional args N and STRING for 'holiday-greek-orthodox-easter'.
1390 *** Many items obsolete since at least version 23.1 have been removed.
1391 The majority were function/variable/face aliases, too numerous to list here.
1394 **** Functions 'calendar-one-frame-setup', 'calendar-only-one-frame-setup',
1395 'calendar-two-frame-setup', 'european-calendar', 'american-calendar'.
1397 **** Hooks 'cal-menu-load-hook', 'cal-x-load-hook'.
1399 **** Macro 'calendar-for-loop'.
1401 **** Variables 'european-calendar-style', 'diary-face', 'hebrew-holidays-{1,4}'.
1403 **** The nil and list forms of 'diary-display-function'.
1406 ** New ERT function 'ert-summarize-tests-batch-and-exit'.
1407 If the output of ERT tests in batch mode execution can be saved to a
1408 log file, then it can be passed as an argument to the above function
1409 to produce a neat summary.
1412 ** New js.el option 'js-indent-first-init'.
1417 ** Info mode now displays symbol names in fixed-pitch font.
1418 If you want to get the old behavior back, customize the 'Info-quoted'
1419 face to use the same definitions as the default face.
1422 *** 'Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size' can be t for no limit.
1425 *** 'info-display-manual' can now be given a prefix argument which (any
1426 non-nil value) directs the command to limit the completion
1427 alternatives to currently visited manuals.
1430 ** ntlm.el has support for NTLM2.
1435 *** The Rmail commands 'd', 'C-d' and 'u' take optional repeat counts
1436 to delete or undelete multiple messages.
1439 *** Rmail can now render HTML mail messages if your Emacs was built with
1440 libxml2 or if you have the Lynx browser installed. By default, Rmail
1441 will display the HTML version of a mail message that has both HTML and
1442 plain text parts, if display of HTML email is possible; customize the
1443 'rmail-mime-prefer-html' option to nil if you don't want that.
1446 *** In the commands that make summaries by subject, recipients, or senders,
1447 you can no longer use commas to separate regular expressions.
1450 ** SES now supports local printer functions; see 'ses-define-local-printer'.
1452 ** Shell-script Mode
1454 *** In sh-mode you can now use 'sh-shell' as a file-local variable to
1455 specify the type of shell in use (bash, csh, etc).
1458 *** New value 'always' for 'sh-indent-after-continuation'.
1459 This provides old-style ("dumb") indentation of continued lines.
1460 See the doc string of 'sh-indent-after-continuation' for details.
1464 *** Fatal TLS errors are now silent by default.
1467 *** If Emacs isn't built with TLS support, an external TLS-capable
1468 program is used instead. This program used to be run in --insecure
1469 mode by default, but has now changed to be secure instead, and will
1470 fail if you try to connect to non-verifiable hosts. This is
1471 controlled by the 'tls-program' variable.
1476 *** The URL package accepts now the protocols "ssh", "scp" and "rsync".
1477 When 'url-handler-mode' is enabled, file operations for these
1478 protocols as well as for "telnet" and "ftp" are passed to Tramp.
1481 *** The URL package allows customizing the 'url-user-agent' string.
1482 The new 'url-user-agent' variable can be customized to be a string or
1486 *** The new interface variable 'url-request-noninteractive' can be used
1487 to specify that we're running in a noninteractive context, and that
1488 we should not be queried about things like TLS certificate validity.
1491 *** 'url-mime-accept-string' can now be used as in "interface"
1492 variable, meaning you can bind it around an 'url-retrieve' call.
1495 *** If URL is used with a https connection, the first callback argument
1496 PLIST will contain a :peer element that has the output of
1497 'gnutls-peer-status' (if Emacs is built with GnuTLS support).
1502 *** New connection method "afp", which allows you to access Mac OS X
1503 volumes via the Apple Filing Protocol.
1506 *** New connection method "nc", which allows you to access dumb
1510 *** Method-specific parameters can be overwritten now with variable
1511 'tramp-connection-properties'.
1514 *** Handler for 'file-notify-valid-p' for remote machines that support
1515 filesystem notifications.
1520 *** New user variable 'sql-default-directory' enables remote
1521 connections using Tramp.
1524 *** New command 'sql-send-line-and-next'.
1525 This command, bound to 'C-c C-n' by default, sends the current line to
1526 the SQL process and advances to the next line, skipping whitespace and
1530 *** Added support for Vertica SQL.
1532 ** VC and related modes
1535 *** Basic push support, via 'vc-push', bound to 'C-x v P'.
1536 Implemented for Bzr, Git, Hg. As part of this change, the pre-existing
1537 (undocumented) command 'vc-hg-push' now behaves slightly differently.
1540 *** The new command 'vc-region-history' shows the log+diff of the active region.
1543 *** You can refresh the VC state of a file buffer with 'M-x vc-refresh-state'.
1544 This command is useful when you perform version control commands
1545 outside Emacs (e.g., from the shell prompt), or if you switch the VC
1546 back-end for the buffer's file, or remove it from version control.
1549 *** New option 'vc-annotate-background-mode' controls whether
1550 the color range from 'vc-annotate-color-map' is applied to the
1551 background or to the foreground.
1554 *** New options for customizing encoding of Git commit log messages.
1555 The new user options 'vc-git-commits-coding-system' and
1556 'vc-git-log-output-coding-system' specify the encoding of log messages
1557 sent to Git when committing, and the decoding of log messages read
1558 from Git history commands. These options default to UTF-8; if
1559 customized, they should be consistent with the Git config variables
1560 i18n.commitEncoding and i18n.logOutputEncoding.
1561 ('vc-git-commits-coding-system' existed previously, but was a
1562 variable, not a user option.)
1565 *** 'compare-windows' now compares text with the most recently selected window
1566 instead of the next window. If you want the previous behavior of
1567 comparing with the next window, customize the new option
1568 'compare-windows-get-window-function' to the value
1569 'compare-windows-get-next-window'.
1572 *** Two new faces 'compare-windows-removed' and 'compare-windows-added'
1573 replace the face 'compare-windows', which is now an obsolete alias for
1574 'compare-windows-added'.
1577 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now has different faces
1578 corresponding to each of the possible states. See the 'vc-faces'
1579 customization group.
1582 *** 'log-edit-insert-changelog' converts "(tiny change)" to
1583 "Copyright-paperwork-exempt: yes". Set 'log-edit-rewrite-tiny-change'
1584 nil to disable this.
1587 *** vc-mcvs.el has been removed.
1590 ** VHDL mode now supports VHDL'08.
1595 *** Decimal display mode uses "," groups, so it's more
1596 fitting for use in money calculations
1599 *** Factorial works with non-integer inputs.
1604 *** Hide-IfDef mode now support full C/C++ expressions in macros,
1605 macro argument expansion, interactive macro evaluation and automatic
1606 scanning of #define'd symbols.
1609 *** New command 'hif-evaluate-macro', bound to 'C-c @ e', displays the
1610 result of evaluating a macro.
1613 *** New command 'hif-clear-all-ifdef-define', bound to 'C-c @ C', clears
1614 all defined symbols in 'hide-ifdef-env'.
1617 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-header-regexp' to define C/C++ header
1618 file name patterns. Defaults to files whose extension is one of '.h',
1619 '.hh', '.hpp', '.hxx', or '.h++', matched case-insensitively.
1622 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-expand-reinclusion-protection' to prevent
1623 reinclusion protected (a.k.a. "idempotent") header files from being hidden.
1624 (This could happen when an idempotent header file is visited again,
1625 when its guard symbol is already defined.) Defaults to t.
1628 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-exclude-define-regexp' to define symbol
1629 name patterns (e.g. all "FOR_DOXYGEN_ONLY_*") to be ignored when
1630 looking for macro definitions. By default, no symbols are ignored.
1635 *** New custom variable 'tex-print-file-extension' to help users who
1636 use PDF instead of DVI.
1639 *** TeX mode now supports Prettify Symbols mode. When enabling
1640 'prettify-symbols-mode' in a tex-mode buffer, \alpha ... \omega, and
1641 many other math macros are displayed using unicode characters.
1644 ** New 'big-indent' style in 'whitespace-mode' highlights deep indentation.
1645 By default, 32 consecutive spaces or four consecutive TABs are
1646 considered to be too deep, but the new variable
1647 'whitespace-big-indent-regexp' can be customized to change that.
1650 ** New options in 'tildify-mode'.
1651 New options 'tildify-space-string', 'tildify-pattern', and
1652 'tildify-foreach-region-function' variables make
1653 'tildify-string-alist', 'tildify-pattern-alist', and
1654 'tildify-ignored-environments-alist' variables (as well as a few
1655 helper functions) obsolete.
1658 ** New package Xref replaces Etags's front-end and UI.
1660 The new package Xref provides a generic framework and new commands to
1661 find and move to definitions of functions, macros, data structures
1662 etc., as well as go back to the location where you were before moving
1663 to a definition. It supersedes and obsoletes many Etags commands,
1664 while still using the etags.el code that reads the TAGS tables as one
1667 The command 'xref-find-definitions' replaces 'find-tag' and provides
1668 an interface to pick one definition among several.
1669 'tags-loop-continue' is now unbound. 'xref-pop-marker-stack' replaces
1670 'pop-tag-mark', but has a keybinding ('M-,') different from the one
1671 'pop-tag-mark' used.
1673 'xref-find-definitions-other-window' replaces 'find-tag-other-window'.
1674 'xref-find-definitions-other-frame' replaces 'find-tag-other-frame'.
1675 'xref-find-apropos' replaces 'find-tag-regexp'.
1677 As a result of this, the following commands are now obsolete:
1678 'find-tag-other-window', 'find-tag-other-frame', 'find-tag-regexp',
1681 'tags-loop-continue' is not obsolete because it's still useful in
1682 'tags-search' and 'tags-query-replace', for which there are no direct
1686 *** Variants of 'tags-search' and 'tags-query-replace' in Dired were also
1687 replaced by xref-style commands, see the "Dired" section below.
1692 'find-tag-marker-ring-length' is now an obsolete alias for
1693 'xref-marker-ring-length'. 'find-tag-marker-ring' is now an obsolete
1694 alias for a private variable. 'xref-push-marker-stack' and
1695 'xref-pop-marker-stack' should be used instead to manipulate the stack
1696 of searches for definitions.
1699 *** 'xref-find-definitions' and 'describe-function' now display
1700 information about mode local overrides (defined by cedet/mode-local.el
1701 'define-overloadable-function' 'define-mode-local-overrides').
1703 The framework's Lisp API is still experimental and can change in major,
1704 backward-incompatible ways.
1707 ** New package Project
1709 The new package Project provides generic infrastructure for dealing
1710 with projects. The main commands included in it are
1711 'project-find-file' and 'project-find-regexp'.
1713 The Lisp API of this package is still experimental.
1716 EUDC's LDAP backend has been improved.
1719 *** EUDC supports LDAP-over-SSL URLs (ldaps://).
1722 *** EUDC passes LDAP passwords through a pipe to the ldapsearch
1723 subprocess instead of on the command line.
1726 *** EUDC handles LDAP wildcards automatically so the user shouldn't
1727 need to configure this manually anymore.
1730 *** The LDAP configuration section of EUDC's manual has been
1733 There have also been customization changes.
1736 *** New custom variable 'eudc-server-hotlist' to allow specifying
1737 multiple EUDC servers in init file.
1740 *** Custom variable 'eudc-inline-query-format' defaults to completing
1741 on email and firstname instead of surname.
1744 *** Custom variable 'eudc-expansion-overwrites-query' defaults to nil
1745 to avoid interfering with the kill ring.
1748 *** Custom variable 'eudc-inline-expansion-format' defaults to
1749 "Firstname Surname <mail-address>".
1752 *** Custom variable 'eudc-options-file' defaults to
1753 "~/.emacs.d/eudc-options".
1756 *** New custom variable 'ldap-ldapsearch-password-prompt-regexp' to
1757 allow overriding the regular expression that recognizes the ldapsearch
1758 command line's password prompt.
1761 EUDC's BBDB backend now supports BBDB 3.
1764 EUDC's PH backend (eudcb-ph.el) is obsolete.
1769 *** The new built-in command 'clear' can scroll window contents out of sight.
1770 If provided with an optional non-nil argument, the scrollback contents
1774 *** New buffer syntax '#<buffer-name>', which is equivalent to
1775 '#<buffer buffer-name>'. This shorthand makes interacting with
1776 buffers from eshell more convenient. Custom variable
1777 'eshell-buffer-shorthand', which has been broken for a while, has been
1781 *** By default, eshell "visual" program buffers (created by
1782 'eshell-visual-commands' and similar custom vars) are no longer killed
1783 when their processes die. This fixes issues with short-lived commands
1784 and makes visual programs more useful in general. For example, if
1785 "git log" is a visual command, it will always show the visual command
1786 buffer, even if the "git log" process dies. For the old behavior,
1787 make the new option 'eshell-destroy-buffer-when-process-dies' non-nil.
1792 *** Support for the Google Chrome web browser.
1795 *** Support for the Conkeror web browser.
1798 *** Support for several ancient browsers is now officially obsolete.
1801 ** 'tar-mode': new 'tar-new-entry' command, allowing for new members to
1802 be added to the archive.
1807 *** Dired buffers are also auto-reverted via file notifications, if
1808 Emacs is compiled with file notification support.
1811 *** 'auto-revert-use-notify' is set to nil in 'global-auto-revert-mode'.
1812 See <http://debbugs.gnu.org/22814>.
1814 ** File Notifications
1817 *** The kqueue library is integrated for *BSD and Mac OS X machines.
1820 *** The new event 'stopped' signals, that a file notification watch is
1821 not active any longer.
1824 *** The new function 'file-notify-valid-p' checks, whether a file
1825 notification descriptor still corresponds to an activate watch.
1830 *** The command 'dired-do-compress', bound to 'Z', now can compress
1831 directories and decompress zip files.
1834 *** New command 'dired-do-compress-to', bound to 'c', can be used to
1835 compress many marked files into a single named archive. The
1836 compression command is determined from the new
1837 'dired-compress-files-alist' variable.
1840 *** New user interface for the 'A' and 'Q' commands.
1841 These keys, now bound to 'dired-do-find-regexp' and
1842 'dired-do-find-regexp-and-replace', work similarly to 'xref-find-apropos'
1843 and 'xref-query-replace-in-results': they present the matches
1844 in the '*xref*' buffer and let you move through the matches. No need
1845 to use 'tags-loop-continue' to resume the search or replace loop. The
1846 previous commands, 'dired-do-search' and
1847 'dired-do-query-replace-regexp', are still available, but not bound to
1848 keys; rebind 'A' and 'Q' to invoke them if you want the old behavior
1849 back. We intend to obsolete the old commands in a future release.
1851 ** Tabulated List Mode
1854 *** It is now safe for a mode that derives 'tabulated-list-mode' to not
1855 call 'tabulated-list-init-header', in which case it will have no
1859 *** 'tabulated-list-print' takes a second optional argument, UPDATE,
1860 which specifies an alternative printing method which is faster when
1861 few or no entries have changed.
1863 ** Obsolete packages
1869 *** landmark.el (moved to elpa.gnu.org)
1872 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
1875 ** pinentry.el allows GnuPG passphrase to be prompted through the
1876 minibuffer instead of a graphical dialog, depending on whether the gpg
1877 command is called from Emacs (i.e., INSIDE_EMACS environment variable
1878 is set). This feature requires newer versions of GnuPG (2.1.5 or
1879 later) and Pinentry (0.9.5 or later). To use this feature, add
1880 "allow-emacs-pinentry" to "~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf" and reload the
1881 configuration with "gpgconf --reload gpg-agent".
1884 ** cl-generic.el provides CLOS-style multiple-dispatch generic functions.
1885 The main entry points are 'cl-defgeneric' and 'cl-defmethod'. See the
1886 node "Generic Functions" in the Emacs Lisp manual for more details.
1889 ** 'scss-mode' (a minor variant of 'css-mode') is a major mode for editing
1890 SCSS (Sassy CSS) files.
1893 ** 'let-alist' is a new macro (and a package) that allows one to easily
1894 let-bind the values stored in an alist.
1897 ** 'tildify-mode' allows automatic insertion of hard spaces as one
1898 types the text. Breaking line after a single-character words is
1899 forbidden by Czech and Polish typography (and may be discouraged in
1900 other languages), so 'auto-tildify-mode' makes it easier to create
1901 a typographically-correct documents.
1904 ** The 'seq' library adds sequence manipulation functions and macros
1905 that complement basic functions provided by subr.el. All functions
1906 are prefixed with 'seq-' and work on lists, strings and vectors.
1907 'pcase' accepts a new Upattern 'seq'.
1910 ** The 'map' library provides map-manipulation functions that work on
1911 alists, hash-table and arrays. All functions are prefixed with
1912 'map-'. 'pcase' accepts a new UPattern 'map'.
1915 ** The 'thunk' library provides functions and macros to control the
1916 evaluation of forms.
1919 ** 'js-jsx-mode' (a minor variant of 'js-mode') provides indentation
1920 support for JSX, an XML-like syntax extension to ECMAScript.
1923 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
1926 ** 'setq' and 'setf' must now be called with an even number of
1927 arguments. The earlier behavior of silently supplying a nil to the
1928 last variable when there was an odd number of arguments has been
1932 ** 'syntax-begin-function' is declared obsolete.
1933 Removed 'font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function' and the SYNTAX-BEGIN
1934 slot in 'font-lock-defaults'.
1937 ** The new implementation of Subword mode affects word movement everywhere.
1938 When Subword mode is turned on, 'forward-word', 'backward-word', and
1939 everything that uses them will move by sub-words, effectively
1940 overriding the buffer's syntax table. Lisp programs that shouldn't be
1941 affected by Subword mode should call the new functions
1942 'forward-word-strictly' and 'backward-word-strictly' instead.
1945 ** 'package-initialize' now sets 'package-enable-at-startup' to nil if
1946 called during startup. Users who call this function in their init
1947 file and still expect it to be run after startup should set
1948 'package-enable-at-startup' to t after the call to
1949 'package-initialize'.
1952 ** ':global' minor mode use 'setq-default' rather than 'setq'.
1953 This means that you can't use 'make-local-variable' and expect them to
1954 "magically" become buffer-local.
1957 ** 'track-mouse' no longer freezes the shape of the mouse pointer.
1958 The 'track-mouse' form no longer refrains from changing the shape of
1959 the mouse pointer for the entire time the body of that form is
1960 executed. Lisp programs that use 'track-mouse' for dragging across
1961 large portions of the Emacs display, and want to avoid changes in the
1962 pointer shape during dragging, should bind the variable 'track-mouse'
1963 to the special value 'dragging' in the body of the form.
1966 ** The optional PREDICATE argument of 'lisp-complete-symbol' no longer
1967 has any effect. (This change was made in Emacs 24.4 but was not
1968 advertised at the time.)
1971 ** 'indirect-function' does not signal 'void-function' any more.
1972 This is mostly a bug-fix, since this change was missed back in 24.4 when
1973 'symbol-function' was changed not to signal 'void-function' any more.
1976 *** As a consequence, the second arg of 'indirect-function' is now obsolete.
1979 ** 'M-x shell' and 'M-x compile' no longer set the EMACS environment variable.
1980 This avoids clashing when other programs use the variable for other purposes.
1981 Although 'M-x term' still sets EMACS for compatibility with Bash 4.3
1982 and earlier, this is deprecated and will be phased out when Bash 4.4
1983 or later takes over. Use the INSIDE_EMACS environment variable instead.
1986 ** 'save-excursion' does not save&restore the mark any more.
1987 Use 'save-mark-and-excursion' if you want the old behavior.
1990 ** 'read-buffer' and 'read-buffer-function' can now be called with a 4th
1991 argument (PREDICATE).
1994 ** 'completion-table-dynamic' by default stays in the minibuffer.
1995 The minibuffer will be the current buffer when the function is called.
1996 If you want the old behavior of calling the function in the buffer
1997 from which the minibuffer was entered, use the new argument
1998 SWITCH-BUFFER to 'completion-table-dynamic'.
2001 ** window-configurations no longer record the buffers' marks.
2004 ** 'inhibit-modification-hooks' now also inhibits lock-file checks, as
2005 well as active region handling.
2008 ** 'deactivate-mark' is now buffer-local.
2011 ** 'cl-the' now asserts that its argument is of the given type.
2014 ** 'process-running-child-p' may now return a numeric process
2015 group ID instead of t.
2018 ** Mouse click events on mode line or header line no longer include
2019 any reference to a buffer position. The 6th member of the mouse
2020 position list returned for such events is now nil.
2023 ** Menu items in keymaps do not support the "key shortcut cache" any more.
2024 These slots used to hold key-shortcut data, but have been obsolete since
2028 ** Emacs no longer downcases the first letter of a system diagnostic
2029 when signaling a file error. For example, it now reports "Permission
2030 denied" instead of "permission denied". The old behavior was problematic
2031 in languages like German where downcasing rules depend on grammar.
2034 ** New variable 'text-quoting-style' to control how Emacs translates quotes.
2035 Set it to 'curve' for curved single quotes, to 'straight' for straight
2036 apostrophes, and to 'grave' for grave accent and apostrophe. The
2037 default value nil acts like 'curve' if curved single quotes are
2038 displayable, and like 'grave' otherwise. The new variable affects
2039 display of diagnostics and help, but not of info. As the variable is
2040 not intended for casual use, it is not a user option.
2043 ** Message-issuing functions like 'message' and 'error' now translate
2044 various sorts of single quotes in their format strings according to
2045 the value of 'text-quoting-style' (see above). This translation
2046 cannot be disabled. To get the old behavior, use 'format', which is
2047 not affected by 'text-quoting-style', e.g., (message "%s" (format
2051 ** 'substitute-command-keys' now replaces quotes.
2052 That is, it converts documentation strings' quoting style as per the
2053 value of 'text-quoting-style'. Doc strings in source code can use
2054 either curved single quotes or grave accents and apostrophes. As
2055 before, characters preceded by \= are output as-is.
2058 ** The character classes [:alpha:] and [:alnum:] in regular expressions
2059 now match multibyte characters using Unicode character properties.
2060 If you want the old behavior where they matched any character with
2061 word syntax, use '\sw' instead.
2064 ** The character classes [:graph:] and [:print:] in regular expressions
2065 no longer match every multibyte character. Instead, Emacs now
2066 consults the Unicode character properties to determine which
2067 characters are graphic or printable. In particular, surrogates and
2068 unassigned codepoints are now rejected. If you want the old behavior,
2069 use [:multibyte:] instead.
2072 ** The 'diff' command uses the unified format now. To restore the old
2073 behavior, set 'diff-switches' to '-c'.
2076 ** 'grep-template' and 'grep-find-template' values don't include the
2077 --color argument anymore. It's added at the <C> place holder position
2078 dynamically. Any third-party code that changes these templates should
2079 be updated accordingly.
2082 ** '(/ N)' is now equivalent to '(/ 1 N)' rather than to '(/ N 1)'.
2083 The new behavior is compatible with Common Lisp and with XEmacs.
2084 This change does not affect Lisp code intended to be portable to
2085 Emacs 24.2 and earlier, which did not support unary '/'.
2088 ** The 'default-directory' value doesn't have to end slash. To make
2089 that happen, 'unhandled-file-name-directory' now defaults to calling
2090 'file-name-as-directory'.
2093 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
2097 *** New UPatterns 'quote', 'app'.
2099 *** New UPatterns can be defined with 'pcase-defmacro'.
2101 *** New vector QPattern.
2104 ** 'syntax-propertize' is now automatically called on-demand during forward
2105 parsing functions like 'forward-sexp'.
2108 ** New hooks 'prefix-command-echo-keystrokes-functions' and
2109 'prefix-command-preserve-state-hook' allow the definition of prefix
2110 commands other than the predefined 'C-u'.
2113 ** New functions 'filepos-to-bufferpos' and 'bufferpos-to-filepos'.
2114 These allow conversion between buffer positions and the corresponding
2115 file byte offsets, given the file's encoding.
2118 ** The default value of 'load-read-function' is now 'read'.
2119 Previously, the default value of nil implied using 'read'.
2122 ** New hook 'pre-redisplay-functions'.
2123 It is a bit easier to use than 'pre-redisplay-function'.
2126 ** The second arg of 'looking-back' should always be provided explicitly.
2127 Previously, it was an optional argument, now it's mandatory.
2130 ** Text properties 'intangible', 'point-entered', and 'point-left' are obsolete.
2131 Replaced by properties 'cursor-intangible' and 'cursor-sensor-functions',
2132 implemented by the new 'cursor-intangible-mode' and
2133 'cursor-sensor-mode' minor modes.
2136 ** 'inhibit-point-motion-hooks' now defaults to t and is obsolete.
2137 Use the new minor modes 'cursor-intangible-mode' and
2138 'cursor-sensor-mode' instead.
2141 ** New process type 'pipe', which can be used in combination with the
2142 ':stderr' keyword of 'make-process' to handle standard error output
2146 ** New function 'make-process' provides an alternative interface to
2147 'start-process'. It allows programs to set process parameters such as
2148 process filter, sentinel, etc., through keyword arguments (similar to
2149 'make-network-process').
2152 ** Subprocesses are automatically told about changes in window dimensions.
2153 The new option 'window-adjust-process-window-size-function' controls
2154 how subprocesses are told to adapt their logical window sizes to
2155 changes in the Emacs window configuration. Its default value calls
2156 'set-process-window-size' with the smallest dimensions of all the
2157 windows that display the subprocess's buffer.
2160 ** A new function 'directory-files-recursively' returns all matching
2161 files (recursively) under a directory.
2164 ** New variable 'inhibit-message', when bound to non-nil, inhibits
2165 'message' and related functions from displaying messages in the echo
2166 area. The output is still logged to the '*Messages*' buffer.
2169 ** A new text property 'inhibit-read-only' can be used in read-only
2170 buffers to allow certain parts of the text to be writable.
2173 ** A new variable 'comment-end-can-be-escaped' is useful in languages
2174 such as C and C++ where line comments with escaped newlines are
2175 continued to the next line.
2178 ** New macro 'define-advice'.
2181 ** Emacs Lisp now supports generators.
2182 See the "Generators" section of the ELisp manual for the details.
2185 ** New finalizer facility for running code when objects become unreachable.
2186 See the "Finalizer Type" subsection in the ELisp manual for the
2190 ** Lexical closures can use '(:documentation FORM)' to build their docstring.
2191 It should be placed right where the docstring would be, and FORM is then
2192 evaluated (and should return a string) when the closure is built.
2195 ** 'define-inline' provides a new way to define inlinable functions.
2198 ** New function 'macroexpand-1' to perform a single step of macro expansion.
2201 ** Some "x-*" functions were obsoleted and/or renamed:
2202 *** 'x-select-text' is renamed 'gui-select-text'.
2203 *** 'x-selection-value' is renamed 'gui-selection-value'.
2204 *** 'x-get-selection' is renamed 'gui-get-selection'.
2205 *** 'x-get-clipboard' and 'x-clipboard-yank' are marked obsolete.
2206 *** 'x-get-selection-value' is renamed to 'gui-get-primary-selection'.
2207 *** 'x-set-selection' is renamed to 'gui-set-selection'.
2210 ** New function 'string-greaterp', which return the opposite result of
2214 ** The new functions 'string-collate-lessp' and 'string-collate-equalp'
2215 preserve the collation order as defined by the system's locale(1)
2216 environment. For the time being this is implemented for modern POSIX
2217 systems and for MS-Windows, for other systems they fall back to their
2218 counterparts 'string-lessp' and 'string-equal'.
2221 *** The ls-lisp package uses 'string-collate-lessp' to sort file names.
2222 The effect is that, on systems that use ls-lisp for Dired, the default
2223 sort order of the files in Dired is now different from what it was in
2224 previous versions of Emacs. In particular, the file names are sorted
2225 disregarding punctuation, accents, and diacritics, and letter case is
2226 ignored. For example, files whose name begin with a period will no
2227 longer appear near the beginning of the directory listing. If you
2228 want the old, locale-independent sorting, customize the new option
2229 'ls-lisp-use-string-collate' to the nil value.
2232 *** The MS-Windows specific variable 'w32-collate-ignore-punctuation',
2233 if set to a non-nil value, causes the above 2 functions to ignore
2234 symbol and punctuation characters when collating strings. This
2235 emulates the behavior of modern Posix platforms when the locale's
2236 codeset is "UTF-8" (as in "en_US.UTF-8"). This is needed because
2237 MS-Windows doesn't support UTF-8 as codeset in its locales.
2240 ** New function 'alist-get', which is a generalized variable
2241 suitable for use with 'setf'.
2244 ** New function 'funcall-interactively', which works like 'funcall'
2245 but makes 'called-interactively-p' treat the function as (you guessed it)
2246 called interactively.
2249 ** New function 'function-put' to use instead of 'put' for function properties.
2252 ** The new function 'bidi-find-overridden-directionality' allows you to
2253 find characters whose directionality was, perhaps maliciously,
2254 overridden by directional override control characters. Lisp programs
2255 can use this to detect potential phishing of URLs and other links that
2256 exploits bidirectional display reordering.
2259 ** The new function 'buffer-substring-with-bidi-context' allows you to
2260 copy a portion of a buffer into a different location while preserving
2261 the visual appearance both of the copied text and the text at
2262 destination, even when the copied text includes mixed bidirectional
2263 text and directional control characters.
2266 ** New properties that can be specified with 'declare':
2267 *** '(interactive-only INSTEAD)', says to use INSTEAD for non-interactive use.
2268 *** '(pure VAL)', if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function is pure.
2269 *** '(side-effect-free VAL)', if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function does not
2273 ** New macro 'with-file-modes', for evaluating expressions with default file
2274 permissions set to temporary values (e.g., for creating private files).
2277 ** You can access the slots of structures using 'cl-struct-slot-value'.
2280 ** Function 'sort' can deal with vectors.
2283 ** Function 'system-name' now returns an updated value if the current
2284 system's name has changed or if the Emacs process has changed systems.
2285 To avoid long waits it no longer consults DNS to canonicalize the name
2286 (in some cases this may affect generated message-id headers - customize
2287 'message-user-fqdn' if this bothers you). The variable 'system-name'
2291 ** Function 'write-region' no longer outputs "Wrote FILE" in batch mode.
2294 ** If 'pwd' is called with a prefix argument, insert the current default
2298 ** New functions return extended information about fonts and faces.
2301 *** The function 'font-info' now returns more details about a font.
2302 In particular, it now returns the average width of the font's
2303 characters, which can be used for geometry-related calculations.
2306 *** A new function 'default-font-width' returns the average width of a
2307 character in the current buffer's default font. If the default face
2308 is remapped (see 'face-remapping-alist'), the value for the remapped
2309 face is returned. This function complements the existing function
2310 'default-font-height'.
2313 *** New functions 'window-font-height' and 'window-font-width' return
2314 the height and average width of characters in a specified face and
2315 window. If FACE is remapped (see 'face-remapping-alist'), the
2316 function returns the information for the remapped face.
2319 *** A new function 'window-max-chars-per-line' returns the maximal
2320 number of characters that can be displayed on one line. If a face
2321 and/or window are provided, these values are used for the
2322 calculation. This function is different from 'window-body-width' in
2323 that it accounts for (i) continuation glyphs, (ii) the size of the
2324 font, and (iii) the specified window.
2327 ** New utilities in subr-x.el:
2329 *** New macros 'if-let' and 'when-let' allow defining bindings and to
2330 execute code depending whether all values are true.
2332 *** New macros 'thread-first' and 'thread-last' allow threading a form
2333 as the first or last argument of subsequent forms.
2336 ** Documentation strings now support quoting with curved single quotes
2337 in addition to the old style with grave accent and apostrophe. The
2338 new style looks better on today's displays. In the new Electric Quote
2339 mode, you can enter curved single quotes into documentation by typing
2340 grave accent and apostrophe. Outside Electric Quote mode, you can
2341 enter them by typing 'C-x 8 [' and 'C-x 8 ]', or (if your Alt key
2342 works) by typing 'A-[' and 'A-]'. As described above under
2343 'text-quoting-style', the user can specify how to display doc string
2347 ** New function 'format-message' is like 'format' and also converts
2348 curved single quotes, grave accents and apostrophes as per
2349 'text-quoting-style'.
2352 ** 'show-help-function's arg is converted via 'substitute-command-keys'
2353 before being passed to the function. Help strings, help-echo
2354 properties, etc. can therefore contain command key escapes and
2358 ** Time-related changes:
2360 *** Time conversion functions now accept an optional ZONE argument
2361 that specifies the time zone rules for conversion. ZONE is omitted or
2362 nil for Emacs local time, t for Universal Time, 'wall' for system wall
2363 clock time, or a string as in the TZ environment variable. The
2364 affected functions are 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone',
2365 'decode-time', and 'format-time-string'. The function 'encode-time',
2366 which already accepted a simple time zone rule argument, has been
2367 extended to accept all the new forms.
2369 *** Incompatible change in the third argument of 'format-time-string'.
2370 Previously, any non-nil argument was interpreted as specifying Universal Time.
2371 This is no longer true; packages that want Universal Time should pass t
2372 as the third argument.
2374 *** Time-related functions now consistently accept numbers
2375 (representing seconds since the epoch) and nil (representing the
2376 current time) as well as the usual list-of-integer representation.
2377 Affected functions include 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone',
2378 'decode-time', 'float-time', 'format-time-string', 'seconds-to-time',
2379 'time-add', 'time-less-p', 'time-subtract', 'time-to-day-in-year',
2380 'time-to-days', and 'time-to-seconds'.
2382 *** The 'encode-time-value' and 'with-decoded-time-value' macros have
2385 *** 'calendar-next-time-zone-transition', 'time-add', and
2386 'time-subtract' no longer return time values in the obsolete and
2387 undocumented integer-pair format. Instead, they return a list of two
2391 ** New function 'set-binary-mode' allows switching a standard stream
2392 of the Emacs process to binary I/O mode.
2395 ** The new function 'directory-name-p' can be used to check whether a file
2396 name (as returned from, for instance, 'file-name-all-completions') is
2397 a directory file name. It returns non-nil if the last character in
2398 the name is a directory separator character (forward slash on GNU and
2399 Unix systems, forward- or backslash on MS-Windows and MS-DOS).
2402 ** ASCII approximations to curved quotes are put in 'standard-display-table'
2403 if the terminal cannot display curved quotes.
2406 ** Standard output and error streams now transliterate characters via
2407 'standard-display-table', and encode output using 'locale-coding-system'.
2408 To force a specific encoding, bind 'coding-system-for-write' to the
2409 coding-system of your choice when invoking functions like 'prin1' and
2413 ** New var 'truncate-string-ellipsis' to choose how to indicate truncation.
2416 ** New possible value for 'system-type': 'nacl'.
2417 This is used by Google's Native Client (NaCl).
2419 ** Miscellaneous name change
2422 For consistency with the usual Emacs spelling, the Lisp variable
2423 'hfy-optimisations' has been renamed to 'hfy-optimizations'.
2424 The old name should still work, as an obsolescent alias.
2426 ** Changes in Frame- and Window- Handling
2429 *** Emacs can now draw horizontal scroll bars on some platforms that
2430 provide toolkit scroll bars, namely Gtk+, Lucid, Motif and Windows.
2431 Horizontal scroll bars are turned off by default.
2433 **** New function 'horizontal-scroll-bars-available-p' telling whether
2434 horizontal scroll bars are available on the underlying system.
2436 **** New mode 'horizontal-scroll-bar-mode' to toggle horizontal scroll
2437 bars on all existing and future frames.
2439 **** New function 'toggle-horizontal-scroll-bar' to toggle horizontal
2440 scroll bars on the selected frame.
2442 **** New frame parameters 'horizontal-scroll-bars' and
2443 'scroll-bar-height' to set horizontal scroll bars and their height
2444 for individual frames and in 'default-frame-alist'.
2446 **** New functions 'frame-scroll-bar-height' and
2447 'window-scroll-bar-height' return the height of horizontal scroll
2448 bars on a specific frame or window.
2450 **** 'set-window-scroll-bars' now accepts five parameters where the last
2451 two specify height and type of the window's horizontal scroll bar.
2453 **** 'window-scroll-bars' now returns type and sizes of horizontal scroll
2456 **** New buffer-local variables 'horizontal-scroll-bar' and
2457 'scroll-bar-height'.
2460 *** New functions 'frame-geometry' and 'frame-edges' give access to a
2464 *** New functions 'mouse-absolute-pixel-position' and
2465 'set-mouse-absolute-pixel-position' get/set screen coordinates of the
2469 *** The function 'window-edges' now accepts three additional arguments to
2470 retrieve body, absolute and pixel edges of the window.
2473 *** The functions 'window-inside-edges', 'window-inside-pixel-edges' and
2474 'window-inside-absolute-pixel-edges' have been renamed to respectively
2475 'window-body-edges', 'window-body-pixel-edges' and
2476 'window-absolute-body-pixel-edges'. The old names are kept as aliases.
2479 *** New function 'window-absolute-pixel-position' to get the screen
2480 coordinates of a visible buffer position.
2483 *** The height of a frame's menu and tool bar are no longer counted in the
2484 frame's text height. This means that the text height stands only for
2485 the height of the frame's root window plus that of the echo area (if
2486 present). This was already the behavior for frames with external tool
2487 and menu bars (like in the Gtk builds) but has now been extended to all
2491 *** Frames now do not necessarily preserve the number of columns or lines
2492 they display when setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or
2493 scroll bars. In particular, maximized and fullscreen frames are
2494 conceptually never resized if such settings change. For fullheight and
2495 fullwidth frames, the behavior may depend on the toolkit used.
2497 **** New option 'frame-inhibit-implied-resize' if non-nil, means that
2498 setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or scroll bars of a
2499 specific frame does not resize that frame in order to preserve the
2500 number of columns or lines it displays.
2503 *** New function 'window-preserve-size' allows you to preserve the size of
2504 a window without "fixing" it. It's supported by 'fit-window-to-buffer',
2505 'temp-buffer-resize-mode' and 'display-buffer'.
2508 *** New 'display-buffer' action function 'display-buffer-use-some-frame'.
2509 This displays the buffer in an existing frame other than the current
2510 frame, and allows the caller to specify a frame predicate to exclude
2514 *** New minor mode 'window-divider-mode' and options
2515 'window-divider-default-places', 'window-divider-default-bottom-width'
2516 and 'window-divider-default-right-width'.
2519 *** The window displaying the '*Completions*' buffer with minibuffer
2520 completion candidates is now shown at the bottom of the selected
2521 frame. The size of that window is always as large as required to
2522 display all the candidates, except when limited by the minimum size
2523 of the other windows on that frame; those other windows are resized
2524 to provide space for the '*Completions*' display. The Emacs manual
2525 describes how to customize 'display-buffer-alist' to get back the old
2526 behavior, see the node "Temporary Displays" there.
2529 ** Tearoff menus and detachable toolbars for Gtk+ have been removed.
2530 Those features have been deprecated in Gtk+ for a long time.
2535 *** etags no longer qualifies class members by default.
2537 By default, 'etags' will not qualify class members for Perl and C-like
2538 object-oriented languages with their class names and namespaces, and
2539 will remove qualifications used explicitly in the code from the tag
2540 names it puts in TAGS files. This is so the etags.el back-end for
2541 'xref-find-definitions' is more accurate and produces less false
2544 Use --class-qualify (-Q) if you want the old default behavior of
2545 qualifying class members in C++, Java, Objective C, and Perl. Note
2546 that using -Q might make some class members become "unknown" to 'M-.'
2547 ('xref-find-definitions'); if so, you can use 'C-u M-.' to specify the
2548 qualified names by hand.
2551 *** New language Ruby
2553 Names of modules, classes, methods, functions, and constants are
2554 tagged. Overloaded operators are also tagged.
2558 Names of packages, functions, and types are tagged.
2561 *** Improved support for Lua
2563 Etags now tags functions even if the "function" keyword follows some
2564 whitespace at line beginning.
2567 * Changes in Emacs 25.1 on Non-Free Operating Systems
2570 ** MS-Windows specific Emacs build scripts are no longer in the distribution.
2571 This includes the makefile.w32-in files in various subdirectories, and
2572 the support files. The file nt/configure.bat now just tells the user
2573 to use the procedure described in nt/INSTALL, by running the Posix
2574 'configure' script in the top-level directory.
2577 ** Building Emacs for MS-Windows requires at least Windows XP
2578 or Windows Server 2003. The built binaries still run on all versions
2579 of Windows starting with Windows 9X.
2582 ** Emacs running on MS-Windows now supports the daemon mode.
2585 ** The byte counts in etags-generated TAGS files are now the same on
2586 MS-Windows as they are on other platforms.
2589 ** On OS X, configure creates a Cocoa ("Nextstep") build by default.
2590 Pass '--without-ns' to configure to create an X11 build, the old default.
2593 ** OS X 10.5 or older is no longer supported.
2596 ** OS X on PowerPC is no longer supported.
2599 ** New variable 'ns-use-fullscreen-animation' controls animation for
2600 non-native NS fullscreen. The default is nil. Set to t to enable
2601 animation when entering and leaving fullscreen. For native OSX fullscreen
2604 ** On the OS X Cocoa ("Nextstep") port, multicolor font (such as color
2605 emoji) display is disabled. This feature was accidentally added when
2606 Emacs 24.4 included the new Core Text based font backend code that was
2607 originally implemented for a non-mainline port. This will be enabled
2608 again once it is also implemented in Emacs on free operating systems.
2609 If some symbols, such as emoji, do not display, we suggest to install
2610 an appropriate font, such as Symbola; then they will be displayed,
2611 albeit without the color effects.
2614 ** The new function 'w32-application-type' returns the type of an
2615 MS-Windows application given the name of its executable program file.
2617 ** New variable 'w32-pipe-buffer-size'.
2618 It can be used to tune the size of the buffer of pipes created for
2619 communicating with subprocesses, when the program run by a subprocess
2620 exhibits unusual buffering behavior. Default is zero, which lets the
2621 OS use its default size.
2624 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2625 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
2627 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2628 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2629 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2630 (at your option) any later version.
2632 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2633 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2634 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2635 GNU General Public License for more details.
2637 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2638 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2644 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"