1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes.
3 Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 See the end of the file for license conditions.
6 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
7 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
9 This file is about changes in Emacs version 25.
11 See file HISTORY for a list of GNU Emacs versions and release dates.
12 See files NEWS.24, NEWS.23, NEWS.22, NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18,
13 and NEWS.1-17 for changes in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling 'view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
19 +++ indicates that all necessary documentation updates are complete.
20 (This means all relevant manuals in doc/ AND lisp doc-strings.)
21 --- means no change in the manuals is needed.
22 When you add a new item, use the appropriate mark if you are sure it applies,
23 otherwise leave it unmarked.
26 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.2
28 ** The new option 'configure --enable-gcc-warnings=warn-only' causes
29 GCC to issue warnings without stopping the build. This behavior is
30 now the default in developer builds. As before, use
31 '--disable-gcc-warnings' to suppress GCC's warnings, and
32 '--enable-gcc-warnings' to stop the build if GCC issues warnings.
35 ** The Emacs server now has socket-launching support. This allows
36 socket based activation, where an external process like systemd can
37 invoke the Emacs server process upon a socket connection event and
38 hand the socket over to Emacs. Emacs uses this socket to service
39 emacsclient commands. This new functionality can be disabled with the
40 configure option '--disable-libsystemd'.
42 ** New configure option '--disable-build-details' attempts to build an
43 Emacs that is more likely to be reproducible; that is, if you build
44 and install Emacs twice, the second Emacs is a copy of the first.
45 Deterministic builds omit the build date from the output of the
46 emacs-version and erc-cmd-SV functions, and the leave the following
47 variables nil: emacs-build-system, emacs-build-time,
50 ** Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs users are not
51 affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in December 2013.
54 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.2
57 * Changes in Emacs 25.2
60 ** The new user option 'mouse-select-region-move-to-beginning'
61 controls the position of point when double-clicking mouse-1 on the end
62 of a parenthetical grouping or string-delimiter: the default value nil
63 keeps point at the end of the region, setting it to non-nil moves
64 point to the beginning of the region.
67 ** 'find-library-name' will now fall back on looking at 'load-history'
68 to try to locate libraries that have been loaded with an explicit path
72 ** Faces in 'minibuffer-prompt-properties' no longer overwrite properties
73 in the text in functions like 'read-from-minibuffer', but instead are
74 added to the end of the face list. This allows users to say things
75 like '(read-from-minibuffer (propertize "Enter something: " 'face 'bold))'.
78 ** The new variable 'extended-command-suggest-shorter' has been added
79 to control whether to suggest shorter 'M-x' commands or not.
82 ** icomplete now respects 'completion-ignored-extensions'.
85 ** Non-breaking hyphens are now displayed with the 'nobreak-hyphen'
86 face instead of the 'escape-glyph' face.
89 ** 'C-x h' ('mark-whole-buffer') will now avoid marking the prompt
93 ** 'find-library' now takes a prefix argument to pop to a different
96 ** 'find-library', 'help-function-def' and 'help-variable-def' now run
97 'find-function-after-hook'.
100 ** 'process-attributes' on Darwin systems now returns more information.
103 ** Several accessors for the value returned by 'file-attributes'
104 have been added. They are: 'file-attribute-type',
105 'file-attribute-link-number', 'file-attribute-user-id',
106 'file-attribute-group-id', 'file-attribute-access-time',
107 'file-attribute-modification-time',
108 'file-attribute-status-change-time', 'file-attribute-size',
109 'file-attribute-modes', 'file-attribute-inode-number', and
110 'file-attribute-device-number'.
113 ** The new function 'buffer-hash' computes a fast, non-consing hash of
117 ** 'fill-paragraph' no longer marks the buffer as changed unless it
118 actually changed something.
121 ** The locale language name 'ca' is now mapped to the language
122 environment 'Catalan', which has been added.
125 ** 'align-regexp' has a separate history for its interactive argument.
126 'align-regexp' no longer shares its history with all other
127 history-less functions that use 'read-string'.
130 ** The networking code has been reworked so that it's more
131 asynchronous than it was (when specifying :nowait t in
132 'make-network-process'). How asynchronous it is varies based on the
133 capabilities of the system, but on a typical GNU/Linux system the DNS
134 resolution, the connection, and (for TLS streams) the TLS negotiation
135 are all done without blocking the main Emacs thread. To get
136 asynchronous TLS, the TLS boot parameters have to be passed in (see
137 the manual for details).
139 Certain process oriented functions (like 'process-datagram-address')
140 will block until socket setup has been performed. The recommended way
141 to deal with asynchronous sockets is to avoid interacting with them
142 until they have changed status to "run". This is most easily done
143 from a process sentinel.
145 ** 'make-network-process' and 'open-network-stream' sometimes allowed
146 :service to be an integer string (e.g., :service "993") and sometimes
147 required an integer (e.g., :service 993). This difference has been
148 eliminated, and integer strings work everywhere.
150 ** It is possible to disable attempted recovery on fatal signals.
152 Two new variables support disabling attempts to recover from stack
153 overflow and to avoid automatic auto-save when Emacs is delivered a
154 fatal signal. 'attempt-stack-overflow-recovery', if set to 'nil',
155 will disable attempts to recover from C stack overflows; Emacs will
156 then crash as with any other fatal signal.
157 'attempt-orderly-shutdown-on-fatal-signal', if set to 'nil', will
158 disable attempts to auto-save the session and shut down in an orderly
159 fashion when Emacs receives a fatal signal; instead, Emacs will
160 terminate immediately. Both variables are non-'nil' by default.
161 These variables are for users who would like to avoid the small
162 probability of data corruption due to techniques Emacs uses to recover
166 ** File local and directory local variables are now initialized each
167 time the major mode is set, not just when the file is first visited.
168 These local variables will thus not vanish on setting a major mode.
171 ** A second dir-local file (.dir-locals-2.el) is now accepted.
172 See the variable 'dir-locals-file-2' for more information.
175 ** International domain names (IDNA) are now encoded via the new
176 puny.el library, so that one can visit web sites with non-ASCII URLs.
179 ** The new 'timer-list' command lists all active timers in a buffer,
180 where you can cancel them with the 'c' command.
183 ** The new function 'read-multiple-choice' prompts for multiple-choice
184 questions, with a handy way to display help texts.
187 ** 'switch-to-buffer-preserve-window-point' now defaults to t.
190 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.2
193 ** New bindings for 'query-replace-map'.
194 'undo', undo the last replacement; bound to 'u'.
195 'undo-all', undo all replacements; bound to 'U'.
197 ** 'delete-trailing-whitespace' deletes whitespace after form feed.
198 In modes where form feed was treated as a whitespace character,
199 'delete-trailing-whitespace' would keep lines containing it unchanged.
200 It now deletes whitespace after the last form feed thus behaving the
201 same as in modes where the character is not whitespace.
204 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
209 *** A new command 'ibuffer-copy-buffername-as-kill'; bound
213 *** New command 'ibuffer-change-marks'; bound to '* c'.
216 *** A new command 'ibuffer-mark-by-locked' to mark
217 all locked buffers; bound to '% L'.
220 *** A new option 'ibuffer-locked-char' to indicate
221 locked buffers; Ibuffer shows a new column displaying
222 'ibuffer-locked-char' for locked buffers.
225 *** A new command 'ibuffer-unmark-all-marks' to unmark
226 all buffers without asking confirmation; bound to
227 'U'; 'ibuffer-do-replace-regexp' bound to 'r'.
230 *** A new command `ibuffer-mark-by-content-regexp' to mark buffers
231 whose content matches a regexp; bound to '% g'.
234 *** Two new options `ibuffer-never-search-content-name' and
235 `ibuffer-never-search-content-mode' used by
236 `ibuffer-mark-by-content-regexp'.
241 *** Messages from CMake are now recognized.
246 *** A New option 'dired-always-read-filesystem' default to nil.
247 If non-nil, buffers visiting files are reverted before search them;
248 for instance, in 'dired-mark-files-containing-regexp' a non-nil value
249 of this option means the file is revisited in a temporary buffer;
250 this temporary buffer is the actual buffer searched: the original buffer
251 visiting the file is not modified.
254 *** In wdired, when editing files to contain slash characters,
255 the resulting directories are automatically created. Whether to do
256 this is controlled by the 'wdired-create-parent-directories' variable.
259 *** 'W' is now bound to 'browse-url-of-dired-file', and is useful for
260 viewing HTML files and the like.
264 *** Ediff can be prevented from pausing 1 second after reaching a
265 breakpoint (e.g. with "f" and "o") by customizing the new option
266 'edebug-sit-on-break'.
271 *** A new 's' command for switching to another eww buffer via the minibuffer.
274 *** The 'o' command ('shr-save-contents') has moved to 'O' to avoid collision
275 with the 'o' command from 'image-map'.
278 *** A new command 'C' ('eww-toggle-colors') can be used to toggle
279 whether to use the HTML-specified colors or not. The user can also
280 customize the 'shr-use-colors' variable.
283 *** Images that are being loaded are now marked with gray
284 "placeholder" images of the size specified by the HTML. They are then
285 replaced by the real images asynchronously, which will also now
286 respect width/height HTML specs (unless they specify widths/heights
287 bigger than the current window).
292 *** Images are automatically scaled before displaying based on the
293 'image-scaling-factor' variable (if Emacs supports scaling the images
297 *** Images inserted with 'insert-image' and related functions get a
298 keymap put into the text properties (or overlays) that span the
299 image. This keymap binds keystrokes for manipulating size and
300 rotation, as well as saving the image to a file. These commands are
301 also available in 'image-mode'.
304 *** A new library for creating and manipulating SVG images has been
305 added. See the "SVG Images" section in the lispref manual for
309 *** New setf-able function to access and set image parameters is
310 provided: 'image-property'.
313 ** The default 'Info-default-directory-list' no longer checks some obsolete
314 directory suffixes (gnu, gnu/lib, gnu/lib/emacs, emacs, lib, lib/emacs)
315 when searching for info directories.
318 ** The commands that add ChangeLog entries now prefer a VCS root directory
319 for the ChangeLog file, if none already exists. Customize
320 'change-log-directory-files' to nil for the old behavior.
323 ** Support for non-string values of 'time-stamp-format' has been removed.
328 *** 'message-use-idna' now defaults to t (because Emacs comes with
329 built-in IDNA support now).
332 *** When sending HTML messages with embedded images, and you have
333 exiftool installed, and you rotate images with EXIF data (i.e.,
334 JPEGs), the rotational information will be inserted into the outgoing
335 image in the message. (The original image will not have its
336 orientation affected.)
339 *** The 'message-valid-fqdn-regexp' variable has been removed, since
340 there are now top-level domains added all the time. Message will no
341 longer warn about sending emails to top-level domains it hasn't heard
344 *** 'message-beginning-of-line' (bound to C-a) understands folded headers.
345 In 'visual-line-mode' it will look for the true beginning of a header
346 while in non-'visual-line-mode' it will move the point to the indented
352 *** New connection method "sg", which supports editing files under a
356 *** New connection method "doas" for OpenBSD hosts.
359 *** New connection method "gdrive", which allows to access Google
360 Drive onsite repositories.
363 ** 'auto-revert-use-notify' is set back to t in 'global-auto-revert-mode'.
368 *** Support for completing attribute values, at-rules, bang-rules, and
369 HTML tags using the 'completion-at-point' command.
372 ** Emacs now supports character name escape sequences in character and
373 string literals. The syntax variants \N{character name} and
374 \N{U+code} are supported.
377 ** Prog mode has some support for multi-mode indentation.
378 This allows better indentation support in modes that support multiple
379 programming languages in the same buffer, like literate programming
380 environments or ANTLR programs with embedded Python code.
382 A major mode can provide indentation context for a sub-mode through
383 the 'prog-indentation-context' variable. To support this, modes that
384 provide indentation should use 'prog-widen' instead of 'widen' and
385 'prog-first-column' instead of a literal zero. See the node
386 "Mode-Specific Indent" in the ELisp manual for more details.
390 *** New variable 'erc-default-port-tls' used to connect to TLS IRC
396 *** The new function 'url-cookie-delete-cookie' can be used to
397 programmatically delete all cookies, or cookies from a specific
401 *** 'url-retrieve-synchronously' now takes an optional timeout parameter.
404 *** The URL package now support HTTPS over proxies supporting CONNECT.
407 *** 'url-user-agent' now defaults to 'default', and the User-Agent
408 string is computed dynamically based on 'url-privacy-level'.
410 ** VC and related modes
413 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now defaults to more
414 colorful faces to make it more obvious to the user what the state is.
415 See the 'vc-faces' customization group.
419 *** Opening a .h file will turn C or C++ mode depending on language used.
420 This is done with the help of 'c-or-c++-mode' function which analyses
421 contents of the buffer to determine whether it's a C or C++ source
425 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.2
427 ** New Elisp data-structure library `radix-tree'.
430 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
433 ** Resizing a frame no longer runs 'window-configuration-change-hook'.
434 Put your function on 'window-size-change-functions' instead.
436 ** 'C-up', 'C-down', 'C-left' and 'C-right' are now defined in term
437 mode to send the same escape sequences that xterm does. This makes
438 things like forward-word in readline work.
441 ** hideshow mode got four key bindings that are analogous to outline
442 mode bindings: 'C-c @ C-a', 'C-c @ C-t', 'C-c @ C-d', and 'C-c @ C-e.'
444 ** The grep/rgrep/lgrep functions will now ask about saving files
445 before running. This is controlled by the 'grep-save-buffers'
449 ** The variable 'text-quoting-style' no longer affects the treatment
450 of curved quotes in format arguments to functions like 'message' and
451 'format-message'. In particular, when this variable's value is
452 'grave', all quotes in formats are output as-is.
454 ** Functions like 'check-declare-file' and 'check-declare-directory'
455 now generate less chatter and more-compact diagnostics. The auxiliary
456 function 'check-declare-errmsg' has been removed.
459 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.2
461 ** New function undo-amalgamate-change-group to get rid of undo-boundaries
464 ** New var `definition-prefixes' is a hashtable mapping prefixes to the
465 files where corresponding definitions can be found. This can be used
466 to fetch definitions that are not yet loaded, for example for `C-h f'.
468 ** New var syntax-ppss-table to control the syntax-table used in syntax-ppss.
471 ** 'define-derived-mode' can now specify an :after-hook form, which
472 gets evaluated after the new mode's hook has run. This can be used to
473 incorporate configuration changes made in the mode hook into the
476 ** Autoload files can be generated without timestamps,
477 by setting 'autoload-timestamps' to nil.
478 FIXME As an experiment, nil is the current default.
479 If no insurmountable problems before next release, it can stay that way.
482 ** 'gnutls-boot' now takes a parameter :complete-negotiation that says
483 that negotiation should complete even on non-blocking sockets.
486 ** New functions 'window-pixel-width-before-size-change' and
487 'window-pixel-height-before-size-change' support detecting which
488 window changed size when 'window-size-change-functions' are run.
491 ** New function 'display-buffer-reuse-mode-window' is an action function
492 suitable for use in 'display-buffer-alist'. For example, to avoid creating
493 a new window when opening man pages when there's already one, use
494 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
495 '("\\`\\*Man .*\\*\\'" .
496 (display-buffer-reuse-mode-window
497 (inhibit-same-window . nil)
501 ** There is now a new variable 'flyspell-sort-corrections-function'
502 that allows changing the way corrections are sorted.
505 ** The new command 'fortune-message' has been added, which displays
506 fortunes in the echo area.
509 ** New function 'func-arity' returns information about the argument list
510 of an arbitrary function. This generalizes 'subr-arity' for functions
511 that are not built-in primitives. We recommend using this new
512 function instead of 'subr-arity'.
515 ** 'parse-partial-sexp' state has a new element. Element 10 is
516 non-nil when the last character scanned might be the first character
517 of a two character construct, i.e., a comment delimiter or escaped
518 character. Its value is the syntax of that last character.
521 ** 'parse-partial-sexp''s state, element 9, has now been confirmed as
522 permanent and documented, and may be used by Lisp programs. Its value
523 is a list of currently open parenthesis positions, starting with the
524 outermost parenthesis.
527 ** 'read-color' will now display the color names using the color itself
528 as the background color.
530 ** The function 'redirect-debugging-output' now works on platforms
531 other than GNU/Linux.
534 ** The new function 'string-version-lessp' compares strings by
535 interpreting consecutive runs of numerical characters as numbers, and
536 compares their numerical values. According to this predicate,
537 "foo2.png" is smaller than "foo12.png".
540 ** The new function 'char-from-name' converts a Unicode name string
541 to the corresponding character code.
544 ** New functions 'sxhash-eq' and 'sxhash-eql' return hash codes of a
545 Lisp object suitable for use with 'eq' and 'eql' correspondingly. If
546 two objects are 'eq' ('eql'), then the result of 'sxhash-eq'
547 ('sxhash-eql') on them will be the same.
550 ** Function 'sxhash' has been renamed to 'sxhash-equal' for
551 consistency with the new functions. For compatibility, 'sxhash'
552 remains as an alias to 'sxhash-equal'.
555 ** Time conversion functions that accept a time zone rule argument now
556 allow it to be OFFSET or a list (OFFSET ABBR), where the integer
557 OFFSET is a count of seconds east of Universal Time, and the string
558 ABBR is a time zone abbreviation. The affected functions are
559 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone', 'decode-time',
560 'format-time-string', and 'set-time-zone-rule'.
563 *** New basic face 'fixed-pitch-serif', for a fixed-width font with serifs.
564 The Info-quoted and tex-verbatim faces now default to inheriting from it.
566 ** New built-in function `mapcan' which avoids unnecessary consing (and garbage
570 * Changes in Emacs 25.2 on Non-Free Operating Systems
572 ** Intercepting hotkeys on Windows 7 and later now works better.
573 The new keyboard hooking code properly grabs system hotkeys such as
574 Win-* and Alt-TAB, in a way that Emacs can get at them before the
575 system. This makes the 'w32-register-hot-key' functionality work
576 again on all versions of MS-Windows starting with Windows 7. On
577 Windows NT and later you can now register any hotkey combination. (On
578 Windows 9X, the previous limitations, spelled out in the Emacs manual,
581 ** 'convert-standard-filename' no longer mirrors slashes on MS-Windows.
582 Previously, on MS-Windows this function converted slash characters in
583 file names into backslashes. It no longer does that.
586 * Installation Changes in Emacs 25.1
589 ** Building Emacs now requires C99 or later.
592 ** Building Emacs now requires GNU make, version 3.81 or later.
595 ** New configure option --with-cairo.
596 This builds Emacs with Cairo drawing. As a side effect, it provides
597 support for built-in printing, when Emacs was built with GTK+.
598 Cairo drawing is an experimental feature in Emacs, and subject to
599 change in future releases.
602 ** New configure option --with-modules.
603 This enables support for loading dynamic modules; see below.
606 ** By default, Emacs no longer works on IRIX. We expect that Emacs
607 users are not affected by this, as SGI stopped supporting IRIX in
608 December 2013. If you are affected, please send a bug report. You
609 should be able to work around the problem either by porting the Emacs
610 undumping code to GCC under IRIX, or by configuring --with-wide-int,
611 or by sticking with Emacs 24.4.
614 ** The Emacs garbage collector assumes GC_MARK_STACK == GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS.
615 The GC_MAKE_GCPROS_NOOPS stack-marking variant has been the default
616 since Emacs 24.4, and the other variants were undocumented and were
617 obstacles to maintenance and development. GC_MARK_STACK and its
618 related symbols have been removed from the C internals.
621 ** 'configure' now prefers gnustep-config when configuring GNUstep.
622 If gnustep-config is not available, the old heuristics are used.
625 ** 'configure' now prefers inotify to gfile for file notification,
626 unless gfile is explicitly requested via --with-file-notification='gfile'.
629 ** 'configure' detects the kqueue file notification library on *BSD
630 and Mac OS X machines.
633 ** The configure option '--with-pkg-config-prog' has been removed.
634 Use './configure PKG_CONFIG=/full/name/of/pkg-config' if you need to.
637 ** The configure option '--with-mmdf' has been removed.
638 It was no longer useful, as it relied on libraries that are no longer
639 supported, and its presence led to confusion during configuration.
640 This affects only the 'movemail' utility; Emacs itself can still
641 process MMDF-format files as before.
644 ** The configure option '--enable-silent-rules' is now the default,
645 and silent rules are now quieter. To get the old behavior where
646 'make' chatters a lot, configure with '--disable-silent-rules' or
647 build with 'make V=1'.
650 ** The configure option '--with-gameuser' now allows you to specify a
651 group instead of a user if its argument is prefixed by ':' (a colon).
652 This will cause the game score files in "${localstatedir}/games/emacs"
653 to be owned by that group, and the helper program for updating them to
654 be installed setgid. The option now defaults to the 'games' group.
657 ** The 'grep-changelog' script (and its manual page) are no longer included.
658 It has no particular connection to Emacs and has not changed in years,
659 so if you want to use it, you can always take a copy from an older Emacs.
662 ** Emacs 25 comes with a new set of icons.
663 Various resolutions are available as etc/images/icons/hicolor/*/apps/emacs.png.
664 The old Emacs logo icons are available as 'emacs23.png' in the same location.
667 ** New make target 'check-expensive' to run additional tests.
668 This includes all tests which run via "make check", plus additional
669 tests which take more time to perform.
672 * Startup Changes in Emacs 25.1
675 ** When Emacs is given a file as a command line argument and
676 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, display both the file and
677 'initial-buffer-choice'. When Emacs is given more than one file and
678 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil, show 'initial-buffer-choice'
679 and '*Buffer List*'. This makes Emacs convenient to use from the
680 command line when 'initial-buffer-choice' is non-nil.
683 ** The value of 'initial-scratch-message' is now treated as a doc string
684 and can contain escape sequences for command keys, quotes, and the like.
687 ** The default height of GUI frames was enlarged.
688 This is so there's enough space in the initial window to display the
689 optional text about recovering crashes sessions, without losing the
690 splash image display.
693 * Changes in Emacs 25.1
696 ** Xwidgets: a new feature for embedding native widgets inside Emacs buffers.
697 If you have gtk3 and webkitgtk3 installed, and Emacs was built with
698 xwidget support, you can access the embedded webkit browser with 'M-x
699 xwidget-webkit-browse-url'. This opens a new buffer with the embedded
700 browser. The buffer will have a new mode, 'xwidget-webkit-mode'
701 (similar to 'image-mode'), which supports the webkit widget.
704 *** New functions for xwidget-webkit mode 'xwidget-webkit-insert-string',
705 'xwidget-webkit-adjust-size-dispatch', 'xwidget-webkit-back',
706 'xwidget-webkit-browse-url', 'xwidget-webkit-reload',
707 'xwidget-webkit-current-url', 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-backward',
708 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-forward', 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-down',
709 'xwidget-webkit-scroll-up'.
712 ** Emacs can now load shared/dynamic libraries (modules).
713 A dynamic Emacs module is a shared library that provides additional
714 functionality for use in Emacs Lisp programs, just like a package
715 written in Emacs Lisp would. The functions 'load', 'require',
716 'load-file', etc. were extended to load such modules, as they do with
717 Emacs Lisp packages. The new variable 'module-file-suffix' holds the
718 system-dependent value of the file-name extension ('.so' on Posix
719 hosts) of the module files.
721 A module should export a C-callable function named
722 'emacs_module_init', which Emacs will call as part of the call to
723 'load' or 'require' which loads the module. It should also export a
724 symbol named 'plugin_is_GPL_compatible' to indicate that its code is
725 released under the GPL or compatible license; Emacs will refuse to
726 load modules that don't export such a symbol.
728 If a module needs to call Emacs functions, it should do so through the
729 API defined and documented in the header file 'emacs-module.h'. Note
730 that any module that provides Lisp-callable functions will have to use
731 Emacs functions such as 'fset' and 'funcall', in order to register its
732 functions with the Emacs Lisp interpreter.
734 Modules can create 'user-ptr' Lisp objects that embed pointers to C
735 structs defined by the module. This is useful for keeping around
736 complex data structures created by a module, to be passed back to the
737 module's functions. User-ptr objects can also have associated
738 "finalizers" -- functions to be run when the object is GC'ed; this is
739 useful for freeing any resources allocated for the underlying data
740 structure, such as memory, open file descriptors, etc. A new
741 predicate 'user-ptrp' returns non-nil if its argument is a 'user-ptr'
744 Loadable modules in Emacs are an experimental feature, and subject to
745 change in future releases. For that reason, their support is disabled
746 by default, and must be enabled by using the '--with-modules' option
750 ** Network security (TLS/SSL certificate validity and the like) is
751 added via the new Network Security Manager (NSM) and controlled via
752 the 'network-security-level' variable.
755 ** 'C-h l' now also lists the commands that were run.
758 ** 'x-select-enable-clipboard' is renamed 'select-enable-clipboard'
759 and 'x-select-enable-primary' is renamed 'select-enable-primary'.
760 Additionally they both now apply to all systems (OSX, GNUstep, Windows, you
761 name it), with the proviso that on some systems (e.g. Windows)
762 'select-enable-primary' is ineffective since the system doesn't
763 have the equivalent of a primary selection.
766 ** New option 'switch-to-buffer-in-dedicated-window' allows you to
767 customize how 'switch-to-buffer' proceeds interactively when the
768 selected window is strongly dedicated to its buffer.
771 ** The option 'even-window-heights' has been renamed to
772 'even-window-sizes' and now handles window widths as well.
775 ** 'terpri' gets an optional arg ENSURE to conditionally output a newline.
778 ** 'insert-register' now leaves point after the inserted text
779 when called interactively. A prefix argument toggles this behavior.
782 ** The new variable 'term-file-aliases' replaces some files from lisp/term.
783 The function 'tty-run-terminal-initialization' consults this variable
784 when deciding what terminal-specific initialization code to run.
787 ** New variable 'system-configuration-features', listing some of the
788 main features that Emacs was compiled with. This is mainly intended
789 for use in Emacs bug reports.
792 ** A password is now hidden also when typed in batch mode. Another
793 hiding character but the default '.' can be used by let-binding the
794 variable 'read-hide-char'.
797 ** The Emacs pseudo-random number generator can be securely seeded.
798 On systems where Emacs can access the system entropy or some other
799 cryptographically secure random stream, it now uses that when 'random'
800 is called with its argument t. This allows cryptographically strong
801 random values; in particular, the Emacs server now uses this facility
802 to produce its authentication key.
805 ** New input methods: 'tamil-dvorak' and 'programmer-dvorak'.
808 * Editing Changes in Emacs 25.1
811 ** 'M-x' suggests shorthands and ignores obsolete commands for completion.
816 *** Successive single-char deletions are collapsed in the undo-log just like
817 successive char insertions. Which commands invoke this behavior is
818 controlled by the new 'undo-auto-amalgamate' function. See the node
819 "Undo" in the ELisp manual for more details.
822 *** The heuristic used to insert 'undo-boundary' after each command
823 has changed, so that if a command causes changes in more than just the
824 current buffer, Emacs now calls 'undo-boundary' in every buffer
825 affected by the command.
828 ** New command 'comment-line' bound to 'C-x C-;'.
830 ** New and improved facilities for inserting Unicode characters
833 *** Unicode names entered via 'C-x 8 RET' now use substring completion
837 *** 'C-x 8' now has shorthands for several chars, such as U+2010
838 (HYPHEN), U+2011 (NON-BREAKING HYPHEN), and U+2012 (FIGURE DASH). As
839 before, you can type 'C-x 8 C-h' to list shorthands.
842 *** New minor mode 'electric-quote-mode' for using curved quotes as you
843 type. See also the new variable 'text-quoting-style'.
846 ** New minor mode 'global-eldoc-mode' is enabled by default.
849 ** Emacs now uses "bracketed paste mode" on text terminals that support it.
850 Bracketed paste mode causes text terminals to wrap pasted text in special
851 escape sequences that allow Emacs to tell the difference between text
852 you type and text you paste from other applications. Emacs then
853 avoids interpreting each character in the pasted text as it does with
854 keyboard input, which results in a paste experience similar to that
855 under a window system, and significant performance improvements when
856 pasting large amounts of text.
858 Bracketed paste mode is disabled by default, so Emacs automatically
859 enables it at startup if the terminal supports it.
862 ** Emacs now supports the latest version of the UBA.
863 The Emacs implementation of the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm (UBA)
864 was updated to support all the latest additions and changes introduced
865 in Unicode Standard versions 6.3, 7.0, and the latest Unicode 8.0.
866 This includes full support for directional isolates and the
867 Bidirectional Parentheses Algorithm (BPA) specified by these Unicode
871 ** You can access 'mouse-buffer-menu' ('C-down-mouse-1') using 'C-f10'.
874 ** New buffer-local 'electric-pair-local-mode'.
877 ** New variable 'fast-but-imprecise-scrolling' inhibits
878 fontification during full screen scrolling operations, giving less
879 hesitant operation during auto-repeat of 'C-v', 'M-v' at the cost of
880 possible inaccuracies in the end position.
883 ** New documentation command 'describe-symbol'.
884 Works for functions, variables, faces, etc. It is bound to 'C-h o' by
888 ** New function 'custom-prompt-customize-unsaved-options' checks for
889 unsaved customizations and prompts user to customize (if found). It
890 is intended for adding to 'kill-emacs-query-functions'.
893 ** The old 'C-x w' bindings in 'hi-lock-mode' are officially deprecated
894 in favor of the global 'M-s h' bindings introduced in Emacs 23.1.
895 They'll disappear soon.
898 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
903 *** New command 'checkdoc-package-keywords' checks if the
904 current package keywords are recognized. Set the new option
905 'checkdoc-package-keywords-flag' to non-nil to make
906 'checkdoc-current-buffer' call this function automatically.
909 *** New function 'checkdoc-file' checks for style errors.
910 It's meant for use together with 'compile':
911 emacs -batch --eval "(checkdoc-file \"subr.el\")"
916 *** The desktop format version has been upgraded from 206 to 208.
917 Although Emacs 25.1 can read a version 206 desktop, earlier Emacsen
918 cannot read a version 208 desktop. To upgrade your desktop file, you
919 must explicitly request the upgrade, by 'C-u M-x desktop-save'. You are
920 recommended to do this as soon as you have firmly upgraded to Emacs
921 25.1 (or later). Should you ever need to downgrade your desktop file
922 to version 206, you can do this with 'C-u C-u M-x desktop-save'.
925 *** desktop-restore-in-current-display now defaults to t, not nil.
926 That is, Emacs by default now restores frames into the current display.
929 ** New function 'bookmark-set-no-overwrite' bound to 'C-x r M'.
930 It raises an error if a bookmark of that name already exists,
931 unlike 'bookmark-set' which silently updates an existing bookmark.
936 *** New user options 'mm-html-inhibit-images' and 'mm-html-blocked-images'
937 now control how mm-* functions fetch and display images in an HTML
938 message. Gnus still uses 'gnus-inhibit-images' and 'gnus-blocked-images'
939 for that purpose, i.e., binds mm-html- variables with those gnus-
940 variables, but other packages do not have to bind gnus- variables now.
943 *** 'mm-inline-text-html-with-images' has been removed.
944 Use 'mm-html-inhibit-images' instead. Note that the value is opposite
950 *** 'imap-ssl-program' has been removed, and imap.el uses the internal
951 GnuTLS encryption functions if possible.
956 *** 'json-pretty-print' and 'json-pretty-print-buffer' now maintain
957 the ordering of object keys by default.
960 *** New commands 'json-pretty-print-ordered' and
961 'json-pretty-print-buffer-ordered' pretty prints JSON objects with
962 object keys sorted alphabetically.
964 ** Prettify Symbols mode
967 *** Prettify Symbols mode supports custom composition predicates. By
968 overriding the default 'prettify-symbols-compose-predicate', modes can
969 specify in which contexts a symbol may be displayed as some Unicode
970 character. 'prettify-symbols-default-compose-p' is the default which
971 is suitable for most programming languages such as C or Lisp (but not
975 *** Symbols can be unprettified while point is inside them.
976 New variable 'prettify-symbols-unprettify-at-point' configures this.
978 ** Enhanced xterm support
981 *** The new variable 'xterm-screen-extra-capabilities' for configuring xterm.
982 This variable tells Emacs which advanced capabilities are available in
983 the xterm terminal emulator used to display Emacs text-mode frames.
984 The default is to check each capability, and use it if available.
985 (This variable was introduced in Emacs 24.1, but was not announced in
989 *** Killing text now also sets the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection
990 in the surrounding GUI (using the OSC-52 escape sequence). This only works
991 if your xterm supports it and enables the 'allowWindowOps' options (disabled
992 by default at least in Debian, for security reasons).
994 Similarly, you can yank the CLIPBOARD/PRIMARY selection (using the OSC-52
995 escape sequence) if your xterm has the feature enabled but for that you
996 additionally need to add 'getSelection' to 'xterm-extra-capabilities'.
999 *** 'xterm-mouse-mode' now supports mouse-tracking (if your xterm supports it).
1002 ** The way to turn on and off 'save-place' mode has changed.
1003 It is no longer sufficient to load the saveplace library and set
1004 'save-place' non-nil. Instead, use the two new minor modes:
1005 'save-place-mode' turns on saving last place in every file, and
1006 'save-place-local-mode' does that only for the file in whose buffer it
1007 is invoked. The 'save-place' variable is now an obsolete alias for
1008 'save-place-mode', which replaces it, and 'toggle-save-place' is an
1009 obsolete alias for the new 'save-place-local-mode' command.
1014 *** ERC can now hide message types by network or channel.
1015 'erc-hide-list' will hide all messages of the specified type, while
1016 'erc-network-hide-list' and 'erc-channel-hide-list' will only hide the
1017 specified message types for the respective specified targets.
1020 *** Reconnection is now asynchronous.
1023 *** Nick completion is now case-insensitive again after inadvertently
1024 being made case-sensitive in Emacs 24.2.
1029 *** New commands, key binds, and menu items.
1031 **** '<' and '>' for navigating previous and next tracks in playlist
1033 **** New play/pause command 'mpc-toggle-play' bound to 's'
1035 **** 'g' bound to new command 'mpc-seek-current' will navigate current
1038 **** New commands 'mpc-toggle-{consume,repeat,single,shuffle}' for
1039 toggling playback modes.
1042 *** Now supports connecting to a UNIX domain socket.
1045 *** Looks at more image file names to use as album art.
1046 Case-insensitively tries for .folder.png (freedesktop) and folder.jpg
1047 (XP) in addition to cover.jpg.
1050 *** Searches in more locations for MPD configuration files.
1051 MPD supports the XDG base directory specification since version 0.17.6.
1056 *** 'midnight-mode' is now a proper minor mode.
1059 *** clean-buffer-*-regexps can now specify buffers via predicate functions.
1064 *** New "external" package status.
1065 An external package is any installed package that's not built-in and
1066 not from 'package-user-dir', which usually means it's from an entry in
1067 'package-directory-list'. They are treated much like built-in
1068 packages, in that they cannot be deleted through the package menu and
1069 are not considered for upgrades.
1071 The effect is that a user can manually place a specific version of a
1072 package inside 'package-directory-list' and the package menu will
1073 always respect that.
1076 *** If a package is available on multiple archives and one has higher
1077 priority (as per 'package-archive-priorities') only that one is
1078 listed. This can be configured with 'package-menu-hide-low-priority'.
1081 *** 'package-menu-toggle-hiding' now toggles the hiding of packages.
1082 This includes the above-mentioned low-priority packages, as well as
1083 available packages whose version is lower than the currently installed
1084 version (which were previously impossible to display).
1085 This allows users to downgrade a package if a lower version is
1089 *** When filtering the package menu, keywords starting with "arc:" or
1090 "status:" represent package archive or status, respectively, instead
1094 *** Most functions which involve downloading information now take an
1095 ASYNC argument. If it is non-nil, package.el performs the download(s)
1099 *** New variable 'package-menu-async' controls whether the
1100 package-menu uses asynchronous downloads.
1103 *** 'package-install-from-buffer' and 'package-install-file' work on directories.
1104 This follows the same rules as installing from a .tar file, except the
1105 -pkg file is optional.
1108 *** Packages which are dependencies of other packages cannot be deleted.
1109 The FORCE argument to 'package-delete' overrides this.
1112 *** New custom variable 'package-selected-packages' tracks packages
1113 which were installed by the user (as opposed to installed as
1114 dependencies). This variable can also be manually customized.
1117 *** New command 'package-install-selected-packages' installs all
1118 packages from 'package-selected-packages' which are currently missing.
1121 *** 'package-install' function now takes a DONT-SELECT argument. If
1122 this function is called interactively or if DONT-SELECT is nil, add the
1123 package being installed to 'package-selected-packages'.
1126 *** New command 'package-autoremove' removes all packages which were
1127 installed strictly as dependencies but are no longer needed.
1132 When you invoke 'shell' interactively, the '*shell*' buffer will now
1133 display in a new window. However, you can customize this behavior via
1134 the 'display-buffer-alist' variable. For example, to get
1135 the old behavior -- '*shell*' buffer displays in current window -- use
1136 (add-to-list 'display-buffer-alist
1137 '("^\\*shell\\*$" . (display-buffer-same-window))).
1141 *** The ':protection' slot option is not obeyed any more.
1143 *** The 'newname' argument to constructors is optional&deprecated.
1144 If you need your objects to be named, do it by inheriting from 'eieio-named'.
1146 *** The <class>-list-p and <class>-child-p functions are declared obsolete.
1148 *** The <class> variables are declared obsolete.
1150 *** The <initarg> variables are declared obsolete.
1152 *** defgeneric and defmethod are declared obsolete.
1153 Use the equivalent facilities from cl-generic.el instead.
1155 *** 'constructor' is now an obsolete alias for 'make-instance'.
1157 *** 'pcase' accepts a new UPattern 'eieio'.
1162 *** New command 'ido-bury-buffer-at-head' bound to 'C-S-b'.
1163 Bury the buffer at the head of 'ido-matches', analogous to how 'C-k'
1164 kills the buffer at head.
1167 *** A prefix argument to 'ido-restrict-to-matches' will reverse its
1168 meaning, and the list is restricted to those elements that do not
1169 match the current input.
1174 *** You can use <UP> and <DOWN> arrow keys to move through history by lines.
1175 The new commands 'next-line-or-history-element' and
1176 'previous-line-or-history-element', bound to <UP> and <DOWN> in the
1177 minibuffer, allow by-line movement through minibuffer history,
1178 similarly to an ordinary buffer. Only when point moves over
1179 the bottom/top of the minibuffer it goes to the next/previous history
1180 element. 'M-p' and 'M-n' still move directly to previous/next history
1183 ** Search and Replace
1186 *** 'isearch' and 'query-replace' can now perform character folding in matches.
1187 This is analogous to case folding, but instead of disregarding case
1188 variants, it disregards wider classes of distinctions between similar
1189 characters. (Case folding is a special case of character folding.)
1190 This means many characters in the search string will match entire
1191 groups of characters instead of just themselves.
1193 For instance, the ASCII double quote character " will match all
1194 variants of double quotes, and the letter 'a' will match all of its
1195 accented cousins, even those composed of multiple characters, as well
1196 as many other symbols like U+249C (PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER
1199 Character folding is enabled by customizing 'search-default-mode' to
1200 the value 'char-fold-to-regexp'. You can also toggle character
1201 folding in the middle of a search by typing 'M-s ''.
1203 'query-replace' honors character folding if the new variable
1204 'replace-char-fold' is customized to a non-nil value.
1207 *** New user option 'search-default-mode'.
1208 This option specifies the default mode for Isearch. The default
1209 value, nil specifies that Isearch does literal searches (however,
1210 'case-fold-search' and 'isearch-lax-whitespace' may still be applied,
1211 as in previous Emacs versions).
1214 *** New function 'char-fold-to-regexp' can be used
1215 by searching commands to produce a regexp matching anything that
1216 char-folds into STRING.
1219 *** The new 'M-s M-w' key binding uses eww to search the web for the
1220 text in the region. The search engine to use for this is specified by
1221 the customizable variable 'eww-search-prefix'.
1224 *** 'query-replace' history is enhanced.
1225 When 'query-replace' reads the FROM string from the minibuffer, typing
1226 'M-p' will now show previous replacements as "FROM SEP TO", where FROM
1227 and TO are the original text and its replacement, and SEP is an arrow
1228 string defined by the new variable 'query-replace-from-to-separator'.
1229 To select a prior replacement, type 'M-p' until the desired
1230 replacement appears in the minibuffer, and then exit the minibuffer by
1235 *** If 'quick-calc' is called with a prefix argument, insert the
1236 result of the calculation into the current buffer.
1239 ** In Edebug, you can now set the initial mode with 'C-x C-a C-m'.
1240 With this you can tell Edebug not to stop at the start of the first
1241 instrumented function.
1246 *** New minor mode 'global-eldoc-mode'.
1247 It is turned on by default, and affects '*scratch*' and other buffers
1248 whose major mode supports Emacs Lisp.
1251 *** 'eldoc-documentation-function' now defaults to 'ignore'.
1254 *** 'describe-char-eldoc' displays information about character at point,
1255 and can be used as a default value of 'eldoc-documentation-function'. It is
1256 useful when, for example, one needs to distinguish various spaces - e.g.,
1257 U+00A0 (NO-BREAK SPACE), U+2002 (EN SPACE), and U+2009 (THIN SPACE) - while
1258 using mono-spaced font.
1263 *** HTML can now be rendered using variable-width fonts.
1266 *** A new command 'F' ('eww-toggle-fonts') can be used to toggle
1267 whether to use variable-pitch fonts or not. The user can also
1268 customize the 'shr-use-fonts' variable.
1271 *** A new command 'R' ('eww-readable') will try do identify the main
1272 textual parts of a web page and display only that, leaving menus and
1273 the like off the page.
1276 *** A new command 'D' ('eww-toggle-paragraph-direction') allows you to
1277 toggle the paragraph direction between left-to-right and right-to-left.
1280 *** You can now use several eww buffers in parallel by renaming eww
1281 buffers you want to keep separate.
1284 *** Partial state of the eww buffers (the URIs and the titles of the
1285 pages visited) is now preserved in the desktop file.
1288 *** 'eww-after-render-hook' is now called after eww has rendered
1289 the data in the buffer.
1292 *** The 'eww-reload' command now takes a prefix to not reload via
1293 the net, but just use the local copy of the HTML.
1296 *** The DOM shr and eww uses has been changed to the general Emacs
1297 xml.el/libxml2 DOM, and a new package dom.el has been added to
1298 interact with this DOM. See the Emacs Lisp manual for interface
1302 *** 'mailcap-mime-data' is now consulted when displaying PDF files.
1305 *** The new 'S' command will list all eww buffers, and allow managing
1309 *** https pages with valid certificates have headers marked in green, while
1310 invalid certificates are marked in red.
1315 *** text/html messages that contain inline image parts will be
1316 transformed into multipart/related messages before sending.
1319 ** In Show Paren Mode, a parenthesis can be highlighted when point
1320 stands inside it, and certain parens can be highlighted when point is
1321 at BOL or EOL, or in whitespace there. To enable these, customize,
1322 respectively, 'show-paren-when-point-inside-paren' or
1323 'show-paren-when-point-in-periphery'.
1326 ** If gpg2 exists on the system, it is now used as the default value
1327 of 'epg-gpg-program' (instead of gpg).
1332 *** Strings after ':documentation' are highlighted as docstrings.
1333 This enhances Lisp mode fontification to handle documentation of the
1334 form '(:documentation "the doc string")' used in Common Lisp code for
1335 CLOS class and slot documentation.
1337 ** Rectangle editing
1340 *** Rectangle Mark mode can have corners past EOL or in the middle of a TAB.
1343 *** 'C-x C-x' in 'rectangle-mark-mode' now cycles through the four corners.
1344 *** 'string-rectangle' provides on-the-fly preview of the result.
1347 ** New font-lock functions 'font-lock-ensure' and 'font-lock-flush'.
1348 These should be used in preference to 'font-lock-fontify-buffer' when
1352 ** Macro 'minibuffer-with-setup-hook' can optionally append a function
1353 to 'minibuffer-setup-hook'.
1355 If the first argument of the macro is of the form '(:append FUN)',
1356 then FUN will be appended to 'minibuffer-setup-hook', instead of
1361 *** New functions 'cl-fresh-line', 'cl-digit-char-p', and 'cl-parse-integer'.
1364 *** 'pcase' accepts the new UPattern 'cl-struct'.
1366 ** Calendar and diary
1369 *** The default 'diary-file' is now located in "~/.emacs.d".
1372 *** New commands to insert diary entries with Chinese dates:
1373 'diary-chinese-insert-anniversary-entry' 'diary-chinese-insert-entry'
1374 'diary-chinese-insert-monthly-entry', 'diary-chinese-insert-yearly-entry'.
1377 *** The calendar can now list and mark diary entries with Chinese dates.
1378 See 'diary-chinese-list-entries' and 'diary-chinese-mark-entries'.
1381 *** The option 'calendar-mode-line-format' can now be nil,
1382 which means to do nothing special with the mode line in calendars.
1385 *** New option 'calendar-weekend-days'.
1386 The option customizes which day headers receive the
1387 'calendar-weekend-header' face.
1390 *** New optional args N and STRING for 'holiday-greek-orthodox-easter'.
1393 *** Many items obsolete since at least version 23.1 have been removed.
1394 The majority were function/variable/face aliases, too numerous to list here.
1397 **** Functions 'calendar-one-frame-setup', 'calendar-only-one-frame-setup',
1398 'calendar-two-frame-setup', 'european-calendar', 'american-calendar'.
1400 **** Hooks 'cal-menu-load-hook', 'cal-x-load-hook'.
1402 **** Macro 'calendar-for-loop'.
1404 **** Variables 'european-calendar-style', 'diary-face', 'hebrew-holidays-{1,4}'.
1406 **** The nil and list forms of 'diary-display-function'.
1409 ** New ERT function 'ert-summarize-tests-batch-and-exit'.
1410 If the output of ERT tests in batch mode execution can be saved to a
1411 log file, then it can be passed as an argument to the above function
1412 to produce a neat summary.
1415 ** New js.el option 'js-indent-first-init'.
1420 ** Info mode now displays symbol names in fixed-pitch font.
1421 If you want to get the old behavior back, customize the 'Info-quoted'
1422 face to use the same definitions as the default face.
1425 *** 'Info-fontify-maximum-menu-size' can be t for no limit.
1428 *** 'info-display-manual' can now be given a prefix argument which (any
1429 non-nil value) directs the command to limit the completion
1430 alternatives to currently visited manuals.
1433 ** ntlm.el has support for NTLM2.
1438 *** The Rmail commands 'd', 'C-d' and 'u' take optional repeat counts
1439 to delete or undelete multiple messages.
1442 *** Rmail can now render HTML mail messages if your Emacs was built with
1443 libxml2 or if you have the Lynx browser installed. By default, Rmail
1444 will display the HTML version of a mail message that has both HTML and
1445 plain text parts, if display of HTML email is possible; customize the
1446 'rmail-mime-prefer-html' option to nil if you don't want that.
1449 *** In the commands that make summaries by subject, recipients, or senders,
1450 you can no longer use commas to separate regular expressions.
1453 ** SES now supports local printer functions; see 'ses-define-local-printer'.
1455 ** Shell-script Mode
1457 *** In sh-mode you can now use 'sh-shell' as a file-local variable to
1458 specify the type of shell in use (bash, csh, etc).
1461 *** New value 'always' for 'sh-indent-after-continuation'.
1462 This provides old-style ("dumb") indentation of continued lines.
1463 See the doc string of 'sh-indent-after-continuation' for details.
1467 *** Fatal TLS errors are now silent by default.
1470 *** If Emacs isn't built with TLS support, an external TLS-capable
1471 program is used instead. This program used to be run in --insecure
1472 mode by default, but has now changed to be secure instead, and will
1473 fail if you try to connect to non-verifiable hosts. This is
1474 controlled by the 'tls-program' variable.
1479 *** The URL package accepts now the protocols "ssh", "scp" and "rsync".
1480 When 'url-handler-mode' is enabled, file operations for these
1481 protocols as well as for "telnet" and "ftp" are passed to Tramp.
1484 *** The URL package allows customizing the 'url-user-agent' string.
1485 The new 'url-user-agent' variable can be customized to be a string or
1489 *** The new interface variable 'url-request-noninteractive' can be used
1490 to specify that we're running in a noninteractive context, and that
1491 we should not be queried about things like TLS certificate validity.
1494 *** 'url-mime-accept-string' can now be used as in "interface"
1495 variable, meaning you can bind it around an 'url-retrieve' call.
1498 *** If URL is used with a https connection, the first callback argument
1499 PLIST will contain a :peer element that has the output of
1500 'gnutls-peer-status' (if Emacs is built with GnuTLS support).
1505 *** New connection method "afp", which allows you to access Mac OS X
1506 volumes via the Apple Filing Protocol.
1509 *** New connection method "nc", which allows you to access dumb
1513 *** Method-specific parameters can be overwritten now with variable
1514 'tramp-connection-properties'.
1517 *** Handler for 'file-notify-valid-p' for remote machines that support
1518 filesystem notifications.
1523 *** New user variable 'sql-default-directory' enables remote
1524 connections using Tramp.
1527 *** New command 'sql-send-line-and-next'.
1528 This command, bound to 'C-c C-n' by default, sends the current line to
1529 the SQL process and advances to the next line, skipping whitespace and
1533 *** Added support for Vertica SQL.
1535 ** VC and related modes
1538 *** Basic push support, via 'vc-push', bound to 'C-x v P'.
1539 Implemented for Bzr, Git, Hg. As part of this change, the pre-existing
1540 (undocumented) command 'vc-hg-push' now behaves slightly differently.
1543 *** The new command 'vc-region-history' shows the log+diff of the active region.
1546 *** You can refresh the VC state of a file buffer with 'M-x vc-refresh-state'.
1547 This command is useful when you perform version control commands
1548 outside Emacs (e.g., from the shell prompt), or if you switch the VC
1549 back-end for the buffer's file, or remove it from version control.
1552 *** New option 'vc-annotate-background-mode' controls whether
1553 the color range from 'vc-annotate-color-map' is applied to the
1554 background or to the foreground.
1557 *** New options for customizing encoding of Git commit log messages.
1558 The new user options 'vc-git-commits-coding-system' and
1559 'vc-git-log-output-coding-system' specify the encoding of log messages
1560 sent to Git when committing, and the decoding of log messages read
1561 from Git history commands. These options default to UTF-8; if
1562 customized, they should be consistent with the Git config variables
1563 i18n.commitEncoding and i18n.logOutputEncoding.
1564 ('vc-git-commits-coding-system' existed previously, but was a
1565 variable, not a user option.)
1568 *** 'compare-windows' now compares text with the most recently selected window
1569 instead of the next window. If you want the previous behavior of
1570 comparing with the next window, customize the new option
1571 'compare-windows-get-window-function' to the value
1572 'compare-windows-get-next-window'.
1575 *** Two new faces 'compare-windows-removed' and 'compare-windows-added'
1576 replace the face 'compare-windows', which is now an obsolete alias for
1577 'compare-windows-added'.
1580 *** The VC state indicator in the mode line now has different faces
1581 corresponding to each of the possible states. See the 'vc-faces'
1582 customization group.
1585 *** 'log-edit-insert-changelog' converts "(tiny change)" to
1586 "Copyright-paperwork-exempt: yes". Set 'log-edit-rewrite-tiny-change'
1587 nil to disable this.
1590 *** vc-mcvs.el has been removed.
1593 ** VHDL mode now supports VHDL'08.
1598 *** Decimal display mode uses "," groups, so it's more
1599 fitting for use in money calculations
1602 *** Factorial works with non-integer inputs.
1607 *** Hide-IfDef mode now support full C/C++ expressions in macros,
1608 macro argument expansion, interactive macro evaluation and automatic
1609 scanning of #define'd symbols.
1612 *** New command 'hif-evaluate-macro', bound to 'C-c @ e', displays the
1613 result of evaluating a macro.
1616 *** New command 'hif-clear-all-ifdef-define', bound to 'C-c @ C', clears
1617 all defined symbols in 'hide-ifdef-env'.
1620 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-header-regexp' to define C/C++ header
1621 file name patterns. Defaults to files whose extension is one of '.h',
1622 '.hh', '.hpp', '.hxx', or '.h++', matched case-insensitively.
1625 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-expand-reinclusion-protection' to prevent
1626 reinclusion protected (a.k.a. "idempotent") header files from being hidden.
1627 (This could happen when an idempotent header file is visited again,
1628 when its guard symbol is already defined.) Defaults to t.
1631 *** New custom variable 'hide-ifdef-exclude-define-regexp' to define symbol
1632 name patterns (e.g. all "FOR_DOXYGEN_ONLY_*") to be ignored when
1633 looking for macro definitions. By default, no symbols are ignored.
1638 *** New custom variable 'tex-print-file-extension' to help users who
1639 use PDF instead of DVI.
1642 *** TeX mode now supports Prettify Symbols mode. When enabling
1643 'prettify-symbols-mode' in a tex-mode buffer, \alpha ... \omega, and
1644 many other math macros are displayed using unicode characters.
1647 ** New 'big-indent' style in 'whitespace-mode' highlights deep indentation.
1648 By default, 32 consecutive spaces or four consecutive TABs are
1649 considered to be too deep, but the new variable
1650 'whitespace-big-indent-regexp' can be customized to change that.
1653 ** New options in 'tildify-mode'.
1654 New options 'tildify-space-string', 'tildify-pattern', and
1655 'tildify-foreach-region-function' variables make
1656 'tildify-string-alist', 'tildify-pattern-alist', and
1657 'tildify-ignored-environments-alist' variables (as well as a few
1658 helper functions) obsolete.
1661 ** New package Xref replaces Etags's front-end and UI.
1663 The new package Xref provides a generic framework and new commands to
1664 find and move to definitions of functions, macros, data structures
1665 etc., as well as go back to the location where you were before moving
1666 to a definition. It supersedes and obsoletes many Etags commands,
1667 while still using the etags.el code that reads the TAGS tables as one
1670 The command 'xref-find-definitions' replaces 'find-tag' and provides
1671 an interface to pick one definition among several.
1672 'tags-loop-continue' is now unbound. 'xref-pop-marker-stack' replaces
1673 'pop-tag-mark', but has a keybinding ('M-,') different from the one
1674 'pop-tag-mark' used.
1676 'xref-find-definitions-other-window' replaces 'find-tag-other-window'.
1677 'xref-find-definitions-other-frame' replaces 'find-tag-other-frame'.
1678 'xref-find-apropos' replaces 'find-tag-regexp'.
1680 As a result of this, the following commands are now obsolete:
1681 'find-tag-other-window', 'find-tag-other-frame', 'find-tag-regexp',
1684 'tags-loop-continue' is not obsolete because it's still useful in
1685 'tags-search' and 'tags-query-replace', for which there are no direct
1689 *** Variants of 'tags-search' and 'tags-query-replace' in Dired were also
1690 replaced by xref-style commands, see the "Dired" section below.
1695 'find-tag-marker-ring-length' is now an obsolete alias for
1696 'xref-marker-ring-length'. 'find-tag-marker-ring' is now an obsolete
1697 alias for a private variable. 'xref-push-marker-stack' and
1698 'xref-pop-marker-stack' should be used instead to manipulate the stack
1699 of searches for definitions.
1702 *** 'xref-find-definitions' and 'describe-function' now display
1703 information about mode local overrides (defined by cedet/mode-local.el
1704 'define-overloadable-function' 'define-mode-local-overrides').
1706 The framework's Lisp API is still experimental and can change in major,
1707 backward-incompatible ways.
1710 ** New package Project
1712 The new package Project provides generic infrastructure for dealing
1713 with projects. The main commands included in it are
1714 'project-find-file' and 'project-find-regexp'.
1716 The Lisp API of this package is still experimental.
1719 EUDC's LDAP backend has been improved.
1722 *** EUDC supports LDAP-over-SSL URLs (ldaps://).
1725 *** EUDC passes LDAP passwords through a pipe to the ldapsearch
1726 subprocess instead of on the command line.
1729 *** EUDC handles LDAP wildcards automatically so the user shouldn't
1730 need to configure this manually anymore.
1733 *** The LDAP configuration section of EUDC's manual has been
1736 There have also been customization changes.
1739 *** New custom variable 'eudc-server-hotlist' to allow specifying
1740 multiple EUDC servers in init file.
1743 *** Custom variable 'eudc-inline-query-format' defaults to completing
1744 on email and firstname instead of surname.
1747 *** Custom variable 'eudc-expansion-overwrites-query' defaults to nil
1748 to avoid interfering with the kill ring.
1751 *** Custom variable 'eudc-inline-expansion-format' defaults to
1752 "Firstname Surname <mail-address>".
1755 *** Custom variable 'eudc-options-file' defaults to
1756 "~/.emacs.d/eudc-options".
1759 *** New custom variable 'ldap-ldapsearch-password-prompt-regexp' to
1760 allow overriding the regular expression that recognizes the ldapsearch
1761 command line's password prompt.
1764 EUDC's BBDB backend now supports BBDB 3.
1767 EUDC's PH backend (eudcb-ph.el) is obsolete.
1772 *** The new built-in command 'clear' can scroll window contents out of sight.
1773 If provided with an optional non-nil argument, the scrollback contents
1777 *** New buffer syntax '#<buffer-name>', which is equivalent to
1778 '#<buffer buffer-name>'. This shorthand makes interacting with
1779 buffers from eshell more convenient. Custom variable
1780 'eshell-buffer-shorthand', which has been broken for a while, has been
1784 *** By default, eshell "visual" program buffers (created by
1785 'eshell-visual-commands' and similar custom vars) are no longer killed
1786 when their processes die. This fixes issues with short-lived commands
1787 and makes visual programs more useful in general. For example, if
1788 "git log" is a visual command, it will always show the visual command
1789 buffer, even if the "git log" process dies. For the old behavior,
1790 make the new option 'eshell-destroy-buffer-when-process-dies' non-nil.
1795 *** Support for the Google Chrome web browser.
1798 *** Support for the Conkeror web browser.
1801 *** Support for several ancient browsers is now officially obsolete.
1804 ** 'tar-mode': new 'tar-new-entry' command, allowing for new members to
1805 be added to the archive.
1810 *** Dired buffers are also auto-reverted via file notifications, if
1811 Emacs is compiled with file notification support.
1814 *** 'auto-revert-use-notify' is set to nil in 'global-auto-revert-mode'.
1815 See <http://debbugs.gnu.org/22814>.
1817 ** File Notifications
1820 *** The kqueue library is integrated for *BSD and Mac OS X machines.
1823 *** The new event 'stopped' signals, that a file notification watch is
1824 not active any longer.
1827 *** The new function 'file-notify-valid-p' checks, whether a file
1828 notification descriptor still corresponds to an activate watch.
1833 *** The command 'dired-do-compress', bound to 'Z', now can compress
1834 directories and decompress zip files.
1837 *** New command 'dired-do-compress-to', bound to 'c', can be used to
1838 compress many marked files into a single named archive. The
1839 compression command is determined from the new
1840 'dired-compress-files-alist' variable.
1843 *** New user interface for the 'A' and 'Q' commands.
1844 These keys, now bound to 'dired-do-find-regexp' and
1845 'dired-do-find-regexp-and-replace', work similarly to 'xref-find-apropos'
1846 and 'xref-query-replace-in-results': they present the matches
1847 in the '*xref*' buffer and let you move through the matches. No need
1848 to use 'tags-loop-continue' to resume the search or replace loop. The
1849 previous commands, 'dired-do-search' and
1850 'dired-do-query-replace-regexp', are still available, but not bound to
1851 keys; rebind 'A' and 'Q' to invoke them if you want the old behavior
1852 back. We intend to obsolete the old commands in a future release.
1854 ** Tabulated List Mode
1857 *** It is now safe for a mode that derives 'tabulated-list-mode' to not
1858 call 'tabulated-list-init-header', in which case it will have no
1862 *** 'tabulated-list-print' takes a second optional argument, UPDATE,
1863 which specifies an alternative printing method which is faster when
1864 few or no entries have changed.
1866 ** Obsolete packages
1872 *** landmark.el (moved to elpa.gnu.org)
1875 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 25.1
1878 ** pinentry.el allows GnuPG passphrase to be prompted through the
1879 minibuffer instead of a graphical dialog, depending on whether the gpg
1880 command is called from Emacs (i.e., INSIDE_EMACS environment variable
1881 is set). This feature requires newer versions of GnuPG (2.1.5 or
1882 later) and Pinentry (0.9.5 or later). To use this feature, add
1883 "allow-emacs-pinentry" to "~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf" and reload the
1884 configuration with "gpgconf --reload gpg-agent".
1887 ** cl-generic.el provides CLOS-style multiple-dispatch generic functions.
1888 The main entry points are 'cl-defgeneric' and 'cl-defmethod'. See the
1889 node "Generic Functions" in the Emacs Lisp manual for more details.
1892 ** 'scss-mode' (a minor variant of 'css-mode') is a major mode for editing
1893 SCSS (Sassy CSS) files.
1896 ** 'let-alist' is a new macro (and a package) that allows one to easily
1897 let-bind the values stored in an alist.
1900 ** 'tildify-mode' allows automatic insertion of hard spaces as one
1901 types the text. Breaking line after a single-character words is
1902 forbidden by Czech and Polish typography (and may be discouraged in
1903 other languages), so 'auto-tildify-mode' makes it easier to create
1904 a typographically-correct documents.
1907 ** The 'seq' library adds sequence manipulation functions and macros
1908 that complement basic functions provided by subr.el. All functions
1909 are prefixed with 'seq-' and work on lists, strings and vectors.
1910 'pcase' accepts a new Upattern 'seq'.
1913 ** The 'map' library provides map-manipulation functions that work on
1914 alists, hash-table and arrays. All functions are prefixed with
1915 'map-'. 'pcase' accepts a new UPattern 'map'.
1918 ** The 'thunk' library provides functions and macros to control the
1919 evaluation of forms.
1922 ** 'js-jsx-mode' (a minor variant of 'js-mode') provides indentation
1923 support for JSX, an XML-like syntax extension to ECMAScript.
1926 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
1929 ** 'setq' and 'setf' must now be called with an even number of
1930 arguments. The earlier behavior of silently supplying a nil to the
1931 last variable when there was an odd number of arguments has been
1935 ** 'syntax-begin-function' is declared obsolete.
1936 Removed 'font-lock-beginning-of-syntax-function' and the SYNTAX-BEGIN
1937 slot in 'font-lock-defaults'.
1940 ** The new implementation of Subword mode affects word movement everywhere.
1941 When Subword mode is turned on, 'forward-word', 'backward-word', and
1942 everything that uses them will move by sub-words, effectively
1943 overriding the buffer's syntax table. Lisp programs that shouldn't be
1944 affected by Subword mode should call the new functions
1945 'forward-word-strictly' and 'backward-word-strictly' instead.
1948 ** 'package-initialize' now sets 'package-enable-at-startup' to nil if
1949 called during startup. Users who call this function in their init
1950 file and still expect it to be run after startup should set
1951 'package-enable-at-startup' to t after the call to
1952 'package-initialize'.
1955 ** ':global' minor mode use 'setq-default' rather than 'setq'.
1956 This means that you can't use 'make-local-variable' and expect them to
1957 "magically" become buffer-local.
1960 ** 'track-mouse' no longer freezes the shape of the mouse pointer.
1961 The 'track-mouse' form no longer refrains from changing the shape of
1962 the mouse pointer for the entire time the body of that form is
1963 executed. Lisp programs that use 'track-mouse' for dragging across
1964 large portions of the Emacs display, and want to avoid changes in the
1965 pointer shape during dragging, should bind the variable 'track-mouse'
1966 to the special value 'dragging' in the body of the form.
1969 ** The optional PREDICATE argument of 'lisp-complete-symbol' no longer
1970 has any effect. (This change was made in Emacs 24.4 but was not
1971 advertised at the time.)
1974 ** 'indirect-function' does not signal 'void-function' any more.
1975 This is mostly a bug-fix, since this change was missed back in 24.4 when
1976 'symbol-function' was changed not to signal 'void-function' any more.
1979 *** As a consequence, the second arg of 'indirect-function' is now obsolete.
1982 ** 'M-x shell' and 'M-x compile' no longer set the EMACS environment variable.
1983 This avoids clashing when other programs use the variable for other purposes.
1984 Although 'M-x term' still sets EMACS for compatibility with Bash 4.3
1985 and earlier, this is deprecated and will be phased out when Bash 4.4
1986 or later takes over. Use the INSIDE_EMACS environment variable instead.
1989 ** 'save-excursion' does not save&restore the mark any more.
1990 Use 'save-mark-and-excursion' if you want the old behavior.
1993 ** 'read-buffer' and 'read-buffer-function' can now be called with a 4th
1994 argument (PREDICATE).
1997 ** 'completion-table-dynamic' by default stays in the minibuffer.
1998 The minibuffer will be the current buffer when the function is called.
1999 If you want the old behavior of calling the function in the buffer
2000 from which the minibuffer was entered, use the new argument
2001 SWITCH-BUFFER to 'completion-table-dynamic'.
2004 ** window-configurations no longer record the buffers' marks.
2007 ** 'inhibit-modification-hooks' now also inhibits lock-file checks, as
2008 well as active region handling.
2011 ** 'deactivate-mark' is now buffer-local.
2014 ** 'cl-the' now asserts that its argument is of the given type.
2017 ** 'process-running-child-p' may now return a numeric process
2018 group ID instead of t.
2021 ** Mouse click events on mode line or header line no longer include
2022 any reference to a buffer position. The 6th member of the mouse
2023 position list returned for such events is now nil.
2026 ** Menu items in keymaps do not support the "key shortcut cache" any more.
2027 These slots used to hold key-shortcut data, but have been obsolete since
2031 ** Emacs no longer downcases the first letter of a system diagnostic
2032 when signaling a file error. For example, it now reports "Permission
2033 denied" instead of "permission denied". The old behavior was problematic
2034 in languages like German where downcasing rules depend on grammar.
2037 ** New variable 'text-quoting-style' to control how Emacs translates quotes.
2038 Set it to 'curve' for curved single quotes, to 'straight' for straight
2039 apostrophes, and to 'grave' for grave accent and apostrophe. The
2040 default value nil acts like 'curve' if curved single quotes are
2041 displayable, and like 'grave' otherwise. The new variable affects
2042 display of diagnostics and help, but not of info. As the variable is
2043 not intended for casual use, it is not a user option.
2046 ** Message-issuing functions like 'message' and 'error' now translate
2047 various sorts of single quotes in their format strings according to
2048 the value of 'text-quoting-style' (see above). This translation
2049 cannot be disabled. To get the old behavior, use 'format', which is
2050 not affected by 'text-quoting-style', e.g., (message "%s" (format
2054 ** 'substitute-command-keys' now replaces quotes.
2055 That is, it converts documentation strings' quoting style as per the
2056 value of 'text-quoting-style'. Doc strings in source code can use
2057 either curved single quotes or grave accents and apostrophes. As
2058 before, characters preceded by \= are output as-is.
2061 ** The character classes [:alpha:] and [:alnum:] in regular expressions
2062 now match multibyte characters using Unicode character properties.
2063 If you want the old behavior where they matched any character with
2064 word syntax, use '\sw' instead.
2067 ** The character classes [:graph:] and [:print:] in regular expressions
2068 no longer match every multibyte character. Instead, Emacs now
2069 consults the Unicode character properties to determine which
2070 characters are graphic or printable. In particular, surrogates and
2071 unassigned codepoints are now rejected. If you want the old behavior,
2072 use [:multibyte:] instead.
2075 ** The 'diff' command uses the unified format now. To restore the old
2076 behavior, set 'diff-switches' to '-c'.
2079 ** 'grep-template' and 'grep-find-template' values don't include the
2080 --color argument anymore. It's added at the <C> place holder position
2081 dynamically. Any third-party code that changes these templates should
2082 be updated accordingly.
2085 ** '(/ N)' is now equivalent to '(/ 1 N)' rather than to '(/ N 1)'.
2086 The new behavior is compatible with Common Lisp and with XEmacs.
2087 This change does not affect Lisp code intended to be portable to
2088 Emacs 24.2 and earlier, which did not support unary '/'.
2091 ** The 'default-directory' value doesn't have to end slash. To make
2092 that happen, 'unhandled-file-name-directory' now defaults to calling
2093 'file-name-as-directory'.
2096 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 25.1
2100 *** New UPatterns 'quote', 'app'.
2102 *** New UPatterns can be defined with 'pcase-defmacro'.
2104 *** New vector QPattern.
2107 ** 'syntax-propertize' is now automatically called on-demand during forward
2108 parsing functions like 'forward-sexp'.
2111 ** New hooks 'prefix-command-echo-keystrokes-functions' and
2112 'prefix-command-preserve-state-hook' allow the definition of prefix
2113 commands other than the predefined 'C-u'.
2116 ** New functions 'filepos-to-bufferpos' and 'bufferpos-to-filepos'.
2117 These allow conversion between buffer positions and the corresponding
2118 file byte offsets, given the file's encoding.
2121 ** The default value of 'load-read-function' is now 'read'.
2122 Previously, the default value of nil implied using 'read'.
2125 ** New hook 'pre-redisplay-functions'.
2126 It is a bit easier to use than 'pre-redisplay-function'.
2129 ** The second arg of 'looking-back' should always be provided explicitly.
2130 Previously, it was an optional argument, now it's mandatory.
2133 ** Text properties 'intangible', 'point-entered', and 'point-left' are obsolete.
2134 Replaced by properties 'cursor-intangible' and 'cursor-sensor-functions',
2135 implemented by the new 'cursor-intangible-mode' and
2136 'cursor-sensor-mode' minor modes.
2139 ** 'inhibit-point-motion-hooks' now defaults to t and is obsolete.
2140 Use the new minor modes 'cursor-intangible-mode' and
2141 'cursor-sensor-mode' instead.
2144 ** New process type 'pipe', which can be used in combination with the
2145 ':stderr' keyword of 'make-process' to handle standard error output
2149 ** New function 'make-process' provides an alternative interface to
2150 'start-process'. It allows programs to set process parameters such as
2151 process filter, sentinel, etc., through keyword arguments (similar to
2152 'make-network-process').
2155 ** Subprocesses are automatically told about changes in window dimensions.
2156 The new option 'window-adjust-process-window-size-function' controls
2157 how subprocesses are told to adapt their logical window sizes to
2158 changes in the Emacs window configuration. Its default value calls
2159 'set-process-window-size' with the smallest dimensions of all the
2160 windows that display the subprocess's buffer.
2163 ** A new function 'directory-files-recursively' returns all matching
2164 files (recursively) under a directory.
2167 ** New variable 'inhibit-message', when bound to non-nil, inhibits
2168 'message' and related functions from displaying messages in the echo
2169 area. The output is still logged to the '*Messages*' buffer.
2172 ** A new text property 'inhibit-read-only' can be used in read-only
2173 buffers to allow certain parts of the text to be writable.
2176 ** A new variable 'comment-end-can-be-escaped' is useful in languages
2177 such as C and C++ where line comments with escaped newlines are
2178 continued to the next line.
2181 ** New macro 'define-advice'.
2184 ** Emacs Lisp now supports generators.
2185 See the "Generators" section of the ELisp manual for the details.
2188 ** New finalizer facility for running code when objects become unreachable.
2189 See the "Finalizer Type" subsection in the ELisp manual for the
2193 ** Lexical closures can use '(:documentation FORM)' to build their docstring.
2194 It should be placed right where the docstring would be, and FORM is then
2195 evaluated (and should return a string) when the closure is built.
2198 ** 'define-inline' provides a new way to define inlinable functions.
2201 ** New function 'macroexpand-1' to perform a single step of macro expansion.
2204 ** Some "x-*" functions were obsoleted and/or renamed:
2205 *** 'x-select-text' is renamed 'gui-select-text'.
2206 *** 'x-selection-value' is renamed 'gui-selection-value'.
2207 *** 'x-get-selection' is renamed 'gui-get-selection'.
2208 *** 'x-get-clipboard' and 'x-clipboard-yank' are marked obsolete.
2209 *** 'x-get-selection-value' is renamed to 'gui-get-primary-selection'.
2210 *** 'x-set-selection' is renamed to 'gui-set-selection'.
2213 ** New function 'string-greaterp', which return the opposite result of
2217 ** The new functions 'string-collate-lessp' and 'string-collate-equalp'
2218 preserve the collation order as defined by the system's locale(1)
2219 environment. For the time being this is implemented for modern POSIX
2220 systems and for MS-Windows, for other systems they fall back to their
2221 counterparts 'string-lessp' and 'string-equal'.
2224 *** The ls-lisp package uses 'string-collate-lessp' to sort file names.
2225 The effect is that, on systems that use ls-lisp for Dired, the default
2226 sort order of the files in Dired is now different from what it was in
2227 previous versions of Emacs. In particular, the file names are sorted
2228 disregarding punctuation, accents, and diacritics, and letter case is
2229 ignored. For example, files whose name begin with a period will no
2230 longer appear near the beginning of the directory listing. If you
2231 want the old, locale-independent sorting, customize the new option
2232 'ls-lisp-use-string-collate' to the nil value.
2235 *** The MS-Windows specific variable 'w32-collate-ignore-punctuation',
2236 if set to a non-nil value, causes the above 2 functions to ignore
2237 symbol and punctuation characters when collating strings. This
2238 emulates the behavior of modern Posix platforms when the locale's
2239 codeset is "UTF-8" (as in "en_US.UTF-8"). This is needed because
2240 MS-Windows doesn't support UTF-8 as codeset in its locales.
2243 ** New function 'alist-get', which is a generalized variable
2244 suitable for use with 'setf'.
2247 ** New function 'funcall-interactively', which works like 'funcall'
2248 but makes 'called-interactively-p' treat the function as (you guessed it)
2249 called interactively.
2252 ** New function 'function-put' to use instead of 'put' for function properties.
2255 ** The new function 'bidi-find-overridden-directionality' allows you to
2256 find characters whose directionality was, perhaps maliciously,
2257 overridden by directional override control characters. Lisp programs
2258 can use this to detect potential phishing of URLs and other links that
2259 exploits bidirectional display reordering.
2262 ** The new function 'buffer-substring-with-bidi-context' allows you to
2263 copy a portion of a buffer into a different location while preserving
2264 the visual appearance both of the copied text and the text at
2265 destination, even when the copied text includes mixed bidirectional
2266 text and directional control characters.
2269 ** New properties that can be specified with 'declare':
2270 *** '(interactive-only INSTEAD)', says to use INSTEAD for non-interactive use.
2271 *** '(pure VAL)', if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function is pure.
2272 *** '(side-effect-free VAL)', if VAL is non-nil, indicates the function does not
2276 ** New macro 'with-file-modes', for evaluating expressions with default file
2277 permissions set to temporary values (e.g., for creating private files).
2280 ** You can access the slots of structures using 'cl-struct-slot-value'.
2283 ** Function 'sort' can deal with vectors.
2286 ** Function 'system-name' now returns an updated value if the current
2287 system's name has changed or if the Emacs process has changed systems.
2288 To avoid long waits it no longer consults DNS to canonicalize the name
2289 (in some cases this may affect generated message-id headers - customize
2290 'message-user-fqdn' if this bothers you). The variable 'system-name'
2294 ** Function 'write-region' no longer outputs "Wrote FILE" in batch mode.
2297 ** If 'pwd' is called with a prefix argument, insert the current default
2301 ** New functions return extended information about fonts and faces.
2304 *** The function 'font-info' now returns more details about a font.
2305 In particular, it now returns the average width of the font's
2306 characters, which can be used for geometry-related calculations.
2309 *** A new function 'default-font-width' returns the average width of a
2310 character in the current buffer's default font. If the default face
2311 is remapped (see 'face-remapping-alist'), the value for the remapped
2312 face is returned. This function complements the existing function
2313 'default-font-height'.
2316 *** New functions 'window-font-height' and 'window-font-width' return
2317 the height and average width of characters in a specified face and
2318 window. If FACE is remapped (see 'face-remapping-alist'), the
2319 function returns the information for the remapped face.
2322 *** A new function 'window-max-chars-per-line' returns the maximal
2323 number of characters that can be displayed on one line. If a face
2324 and/or window are provided, these values are used for the
2325 calculation. This function is different from 'window-body-width' in
2326 that it accounts for (i) continuation glyphs, (ii) the size of the
2327 font, and (iii) the specified window.
2330 ** New utilities in subr-x.el:
2332 *** New macros 'if-let' and 'when-let' allow defining bindings and to
2333 execute code depending whether all values are true.
2335 *** New macros 'thread-first' and 'thread-last' allow threading a form
2336 as the first or last argument of subsequent forms.
2339 ** Documentation strings now support quoting with curved single quotes
2340 in addition to the old style with grave accent and apostrophe. The
2341 new style looks better on today's displays. In the new Electric Quote
2342 mode, you can enter curved single quotes into documentation by typing
2343 grave accent and apostrophe. Outside Electric Quote mode, you can
2344 enter them by typing 'C-x 8 [' and 'C-x 8 ]', or (if your Alt key
2345 works) by typing 'A-[' and 'A-]'. As described above under
2346 'text-quoting-style', the user can specify how to display doc string
2350 ** New function 'format-message' is like 'format' and also converts
2351 curved single quotes, grave accents and apostrophes as per
2352 'text-quoting-style'.
2355 ** 'show-help-function's arg is converted via 'substitute-command-keys'
2356 before being passed to the function. Help strings, help-echo
2357 properties, etc. can therefore contain command key escapes and
2361 ** Time-related changes:
2363 *** Time conversion functions now accept an optional ZONE argument
2364 that specifies the time zone rules for conversion. ZONE is omitted or
2365 nil for Emacs local time, t for Universal Time, 'wall' for system wall
2366 clock time, or a string as in the TZ environment variable. The
2367 affected functions are 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone',
2368 'decode-time', and 'format-time-string'. The function 'encode-time',
2369 which already accepted a simple time zone rule argument, has been
2370 extended to accept all the new forms.
2372 *** Incompatible change in the third argument of 'format-time-string'.
2373 Previously, any non-nil argument was interpreted as specifying Universal Time.
2374 This is no longer true; packages that want Universal Time should pass t
2375 as the third argument.
2377 *** Time-related functions now consistently accept numbers
2378 (representing seconds since the epoch) and nil (representing the
2379 current time) as well as the usual list-of-integer representation.
2380 Affected functions include 'current-time-string', 'current-time-zone',
2381 'decode-time', 'float-time', 'format-time-string', 'seconds-to-time',
2382 'time-add', 'time-less-p', 'time-subtract', 'time-to-day-in-year',
2383 'time-to-days', and 'time-to-seconds'.
2385 *** The 'encode-time-value' and 'with-decoded-time-value' macros have
2388 *** 'calendar-next-time-zone-transition', 'time-add', and
2389 'time-subtract' no longer return time values in the obsolete and
2390 undocumented integer-pair format. Instead, they return a list of two
2394 ** New function 'set-binary-mode' allows switching a standard stream
2395 of the Emacs process to binary I/O mode.
2398 ** The new function 'directory-name-p' can be used to check whether a file
2399 name (as returned from, for instance, 'file-name-all-completions') is
2400 a directory file name. It returns non-nil if the last character in
2401 the name is a directory separator character (forward slash on GNU and
2402 Unix systems, forward- or backslash on MS-Windows and MS-DOS).
2405 ** ASCII approximations to curved quotes are put in 'standard-display-table'
2406 if the terminal cannot display curved quotes.
2409 ** Standard output and error streams now transliterate characters via
2410 'standard-display-table', and encode output using 'locale-coding-system'.
2411 To force a specific encoding, bind 'coding-system-for-write' to the
2412 coding-system of your choice when invoking functions like 'prin1' and
2416 ** New var 'truncate-string-ellipsis' to choose how to indicate truncation.
2419 ** New possible value for 'system-type': 'nacl'.
2420 This is used by Google's Native Client (NaCl).
2422 ** Miscellaneous name change
2425 For consistency with the usual Emacs spelling, the Lisp variable
2426 'hfy-optimisations' has been renamed to 'hfy-optimizations'.
2427 The old name should still work, as an obsolescent alias.
2429 ** Changes in Frame- and Window- Handling
2432 *** Emacs can now draw horizontal scroll bars on some platforms that
2433 provide toolkit scroll bars, namely Gtk+, Lucid, Motif and Windows.
2434 Horizontal scroll bars are turned off by default.
2436 **** New function 'horizontal-scroll-bars-available-p' telling whether
2437 horizontal scroll bars are available on the underlying system.
2439 **** New mode 'horizontal-scroll-bar-mode' to toggle horizontal scroll
2440 bars on all existing and future frames.
2442 **** New function 'toggle-horizontal-scroll-bar' to toggle horizontal
2443 scroll bars on the selected frame.
2445 **** New frame parameters 'horizontal-scroll-bars' and
2446 'scroll-bar-height' to set horizontal scroll bars and their height
2447 for individual frames and in 'default-frame-alist'.
2449 **** New functions 'frame-scroll-bar-height' and
2450 'window-scroll-bar-height' return the height of horizontal scroll
2451 bars on a specific frame or window.
2453 **** 'set-window-scroll-bars' now accepts five parameters where the last
2454 two specify height and type of the window's horizontal scroll bar.
2456 **** 'window-scroll-bars' now returns type and sizes of horizontal scroll
2459 **** New buffer-local variables 'horizontal-scroll-bar' and
2460 'scroll-bar-height'.
2463 *** New functions 'frame-geometry' and 'frame-edges' give access to a
2467 *** New functions 'mouse-absolute-pixel-position' and
2468 'set-mouse-absolute-pixel-position' get/set screen coordinates of the
2472 *** The function 'window-edges' now accepts three additional arguments to
2473 retrieve body, absolute and pixel edges of the window.
2476 *** The functions 'window-inside-edges', 'window-inside-pixel-edges' and
2477 'window-inside-absolute-pixel-edges' have been renamed to respectively
2478 'window-body-edges', 'window-body-pixel-edges' and
2479 'window-absolute-body-pixel-edges'. The old names are kept as aliases.
2482 *** New function 'window-absolute-pixel-position' to get the screen
2483 coordinates of a visible buffer position.
2486 *** The height of a frame's menu and tool bar are no longer counted in the
2487 frame's text height. This means that the text height stands only for
2488 the height of the frame's root window plus that of the echo area (if
2489 present). This was already the behavior for frames with external tool
2490 and menu bars (like in the Gtk builds) but has now been extended to all
2494 *** Frames now do not necessarily preserve the number of columns or lines
2495 they display when setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or
2496 scroll bars. In particular, maximized and fullscreen frames are
2497 conceptually never resized if such settings change. For fullheight and
2498 fullwidth frames, the behavior may depend on the toolkit used.
2500 **** New option 'frame-inhibit-implied-resize' if non-nil, means that
2501 setting default font, menu bar, fringe width, or scroll bars of a
2502 specific frame does not resize that frame in order to preserve the
2503 number of columns or lines it displays.
2506 *** New function 'window-preserve-size' allows you to preserve the size of
2507 a window without "fixing" it. It's supported by 'fit-window-to-buffer',
2508 'temp-buffer-resize-mode' and 'display-buffer'.
2511 *** New 'display-buffer' action function 'display-buffer-use-some-frame'.
2512 This displays the buffer in an existing frame other than the current
2513 frame, and allows the caller to specify a frame predicate to exclude
2517 *** New minor mode 'window-divider-mode' and options
2518 'window-divider-default-places', 'window-divider-default-bottom-width'
2519 and 'window-divider-default-right-width'.
2522 *** The window displaying the '*Completions*' buffer with minibuffer
2523 completion candidates is now shown at the bottom of the selected
2524 frame. The size of that window is always as large as required to
2525 display all the candidates, except when limited by the minimum size
2526 of the other windows on that frame; those other windows are resized
2527 to provide space for the '*Completions*' display. The Emacs manual
2528 describes how to customize 'display-buffer-alist' to get back the old
2529 behavior, see the node "Temporary Displays" there.
2532 ** Tearoff menus and detachable toolbars for Gtk+ have been removed.
2533 Those features have been deprecated in Gtk+ for a long time.
2538 *** etags no longer qualifies class members by default.
2540 By default, 'etags' will not qualify class members for Perl and C-like
2541 object-oriented languages with their class names and namespaces, and
2542 will remove qualifications used explicitly in the code from the tag
2543 names it puts in TAGS files. This is so the etags.el back-end for
2544 'xref-find-definitions' is more accurate and produces less false
2547 Use --class-qualify (-Q) if you want the old default behavior of
2548 qualifying class members in C++, Java, Objective C, and Perl. Note
2549 that using -Q might make some class members become "unknown" to 'M-.'
2550 ('xref-find-definitions'); if so, you can use 'C-u M-.' to specify the
2551 qualified names by hand.
2554 *** New language Ruby
2556 Names of modules, classes, methods, functions, and constants are
2557 tagged. Overloaded operators are also tagged.
2561 Names of packages, functions, and types are tagged.
2564 *** Improved support for Lua
2566 Etags now tags functions even if the "function" keyword follows some
2567 whitespace at line beginning.
2570 * Changes in Emacs 25.1 on Non-Free Operating Systems
2573 ** MS-Windows specific Emacs build scripts are no longer in the distribution.
2574 This includes the makefile.w32-in files in various subdirectories, and
2575 the support files. The file nt/configure.bat now just tells the user
2576 to use the procedure described in nt/INSTALL, by running the Posix
2577 'configure' script in the top-level directory.
2580 ** Building Emacs for MS-Windows requires at least Windows XP
2581 or Windows Server 2003. The built binaries still run on all versions
2582 of Windows starting with Windows 9X.
2585 ** Emacs running on MS-Windows now supports the daemon mode.
2588 ** The byte counts in etags-generated TAGS files are now the same on
2589 MS-Windows as they are on other platforms.
2592 ** On OS X, configure creates a Cocoa ("Nextstep") build by default.
2593 Pass '--without-ns' to configure to create an X11 build, the old default.
2596 ** OS X 10.5 or older is no longer supported.
2599 ** OS X on PowerPC is no longer supported.
2602 ** New variable 'ns-use-fullscreen-animation' controls animation for
2603 non-native NS fullscreen. The default is nil. Set to t to enable
2604 animation when entering and leaving fullscreen. For native OSX fullscreen
2607 ** On the OS X Cocoa ("Nextstep") port, multicolor font (such as color
2608 emoji) display is disabled. This feature was accidentally added when
2609 Emacs 24.4 included the new Core Text based font backend code that was
2610 originally implemented for a non-mainline port. This will be enabled
2611 again once it is also implemented in Emacs on free operating systems.
2612 If some symbols, such as emoji, do not display, we suggest to install
2613 an appropriate font, such as Symbola; then they will be displayed,
2614 albeit without the color effects.
2617 ** The new function 'w32-application-type' returns the type of an
2618 MS-Windows application given the name of its executable program file.
2620 ** New variable 'w32-pipe-buffer-size'.
2621 It can be used to tune the size of the buffer of pipes created for
2622 communicating with subprocesses, when the program run by a subprocess
2623 exhibits unusual buffering behavior. Default is zero, which lets the
2624 OS use its default size.
2627 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2628 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
2630 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
2631 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
2632 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
2633 (at your option) any later version.
2635 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
2636 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
2637 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
2638 GNU General Public License for more details.
2640 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
2641 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
2647 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"