1 GNU Emacs NEWS -- history of user-visible changes. 2006-06-04
3 Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
4 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 See the end of the file for license conditions.
7 Please send Emacs bug reports to bug-gnu-emacs@gnu.org.
8 If possible, use M-x report-emacs-bug.
10 This file is about changes in Emacs version 22.
12 See files NEWS.21, NEWS.20, NEWS.19, NEWS.18, and NEWS.1-17 for changes
13 in older Emacs versions.
15 You can narrow news to a specific version by calling `view-emacs-news'
16 with a prefix argument or by typing C-u C-h C-n.
19 +++ indicates that the appropriate manual has already been updated.
20 --- means no change in the manuals is called for.
21 When you add a new item, please add it without either +++ or ---
22 so we will look at it and add it to the manual.
25 * Installation Changes in Emacs 22.1
28 ** Emacs comes with a new set of icons.
29 These icons are displayed on the taskbar and/or titlebar when Emacs
30 runs in a graphical environment. Source files for these icons can be
31 found in etc/images/icons. (You can't change the icons displayed by
32 Emacs by changing these files directly. On X, the icon is compiled
33 into the Emacs executable; see gnu.h in the source tree. On MS
34 Windows, see nt/icons/emacs.ico.)
37 ** Emacs now supports new configure options `--program-prefix',
38 `--program-suffix' and `--program-transform-name' that affect the names of
42 ** Emacs can now be built without sound support.
45 ** You can build Emacs with Gtk+ widgets by specifying `--with-x-toolkit=gtk'
46 when you run configure. This requires Gtk+ 2.4 or newer. This port
47 provides a way to display multilingual text in menus (with some caveats).
50 ** The `emacsserver' program has been removed, replaced with Lisp code.
53 ** The `yow' program has been removed.
54 Use the corresponding Emacs feature instead.
57 ** By default, Emacs now uses a setgid helper program to update game
58 scores. The directory ${localstatedir}/games/emacs is the normal
59 place for game scores to be stored. You can control this with the
60 configure option `--with-game-dir'. The specific user that Emacs uses
61 to own the game scores is controlled by `--with-game-user'. If access
62 to a game user is not available, then scores will be stored separately
63 in each user's home directory.
66 ** Leim is now part of the Emacs distribution.
67 You no longer need to download a separate tarball in order to build
71 ** The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual is now part of the distribution.
73 The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual in Info format is built as part of the
74 Emacs build procedure and installed together with the Emacs User
75 Manual. A menu item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy
76 accessible (Help->More Manuals->Emacs Lisp Reference).
79 ** The Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp manual is now part of
82 This manual is now part of the standard distribution and is installed,
83 together with the Emacs User Manual, into the Info directory. A menu
84 item was added to the menu bar that makes it easy accessible
85 (Help->More Manuals->Introduction to Emacs Lisp).
88 ** New translations of the Emacs Tutorial are available in the
89 following languages: Brasilian Portuguese, Bulgarian, Chinese (both
90 with simplified and traditional characters), French, and Italian.
91 Type `C-u C-h t' to choose one of them in case your language setup
92 doesn't automatically select the right one.
95 ** A Portuguese translation of Emacs' reference card has been added.
96 Its name is `pt-br-refcard.tex'. The corresponding PostScript file is
100 ** A French translation of the `Emacs Survival Guide' is available.
103 ** Emacs now includes support for loading image libraries on demand.
104 (Currently this feature is only used on MS Windows.) You can configure
105 the supported image types and their associated dynamic libraries by
106 setting the variable `image-library-alist'.
109 ** Support for a Cygwin build of Emacs was added.
112 ** Support for FreeBSD/Alpha has been added.
115 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on S390 machines was added.
118 ** Support for MacOS X was added.
119 See the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
122 ** Support for GNU/Linux systems on X86-64 machines was added.
125 ** Support for HP 9000 series 800 and Hitachi SR2001/SR2201 machines
129 ** Mac OS 9 port now uses the Carbon API by default. You can also
130 create non-Carbon build by specifying `NonCarbon' as a target. See
131 the files mac/README and mac/INSTALL for build instructions.
134 ** Building with -DENABLE_CHECKING does not automatically build with union
135 types any more. Add -DUSE_LISP_UNION_TYPE if you want union types.
138 ** When pure storage overflows while dumping, Emacs now prints how
139 much pure storage it will approximately need.
141 ** The script etc/emacs-buffer.gdb can be used with gdb to retrieve the
142 contents of buffers from a core dump and save them to files easily, should
146 ** The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el uses a different terminfo name.
147 The Emacs terminal emulation in term.el now uses "eterm-color" as its
148 terminfo name, since term.el now supports color.
151 ** Emacs Lisp source files are compressed by default if `gzip' is available.
154 ** All images used in Emacs have been consolidated in etc/images and subdirs.
155 See also the changes to `find-image', documented below.
158 * Startup Changes in Emacs 22.1
161 ** New command line option -Q or --quick.
162 This is like using -q --no-site-file, but in addition it also disables
163 the fancy startup screen.
166 ** New command line option -D or --basic-display.
167 Disables the menu-bar, the tool-bar, the scroll-bars, tool tips, and
171 ** New command line option -nbc or --no-blinking-cursor disables
172 the blinking cursor on graphical terminals.
175 ** The option --script FILE runs Emacs in batch mode and loads FILE.
176 It is useful for writing Emacs Lisp shell script files, because they
177 can start with this line:
179 #!/usr/bin/emacs --script
182 ** The option --directory DIR now modifies `load-path' immediately.
183 Directories are added to the front of `load-path' in the order they
184 appear on the command line. For example, with this command line:
186 emacs -batch -L .. -L /tmp --eval "(require 'foo)"
188 Emacs looks for library `foo' in the parent directory, then in /tmp, then
189 in the other directories in `load-path'. (-L is short for --directory.)
192 ** The command line option --no-windows has been changed to
193 --no-window-system. The old one still works, but is deprecated.
196 ** If the environment variable DISPLAY specifies an unreachable X display,
197 Emacs will now startup as if invoked with the --no-window-system option.
200 ** The -f option, used from the command line to call a function,
201 now reads arguments for the function interactively if it is
202 an interactively callable function.
205 ** When you specify a frame size with --geometry, the size applies to
206 all frames you create. A position specified with --geometry only
207 affects the initial frame.
210 ** Emacs built for MS-Windows now behaves like Emacs on X does,
211 wrt its frame position: if you don't specify a position (in your
212 .emacs init file, in the Registry, or with the --geometry command-line
213 option), Emacs leaves the frame position to the Windows' window
217 ** Emacs can now be invoked in full-screen mode on a windowed display.
218 When Emacs is invoked on a window system, the new command-line options
219 `--fullwidth', `--fullheight', and `--fullscreen' produce a frame
220 whose width, height, or both width and height take up the entire
221 screen size. (For now, this does not work with some window managers.)
224 ** Emacs now displays a splash screen by default even if command-line
225 arguments were given. The new command-line option --no-splash
226 disables the splash screen; see also the variable
227 `inhibit-startup-message' (which is also aliased as
228 `inhibit-splash-screen').
231 ** The default is now to use a bitmap as the icon, so the command-line options
232 --icon-type, -i has been replaced with options --no-bitmap-icon, -nbi to turn
236 ** New user option `inhibit-startup-buffer-menu'.
237 When loading many files, for instance with `emacs *', Emacs normally
238 displays a buffer menu. This option turns the buffer menu off.
242 If the init file ~/.emacs does not exist, Emacs will try
243 ~/.emacs.d/init.el or ~/.emacs.d/init.elc. Likewise, if the shell init file
244 ~/.emacs_SHELL is not found, Emacs will try ~/.emacs.d/init_SHELL.sh.
247 ** Emacs now reads the standard abbrevs file ~/.abbrev_defs
248 automatically at startup, if it exists. When Emacs offers to save
249 modified buffers, it saves the abbrevs too if they have changed. It
250 can do this either silently or asking for confirmation first,
251 according to the value of `save-abbrevs'.
254 ** If the environment variable EMAIL is defined, Emacs now uses its value
255 to compute the default value of `user-mail-address', in preference to
256 concatenation of `user-login-name' with the name of your host machine.
259 * Incompatible Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
262 ** M-g is now a prefix key.
263 M-g g and M-g M-g run goto-line.
264 M-g n and M-g M-n run next-error (like C-x `).
265 M-g p and M-g M-p run previous-error.
268 ** C-u M-g M-g switches to the most recent previous buffer,
269 and goes to the specified line in that buffer.
271 When goto-line starts to execute, if there's a number in the buffer at
272 point then it acts as the default argument for the minibuffer.
275 ** The old bindings C-M-delete and C-M-backspace have been deleted,
276 since there are situations where one or the other will shut down
277 the operating system or your X server.
280 ** line-move-ignore-invisible now defaults to t.
283 ** When the undo information of the current command gets really large
284 (beyond the value of `undo-outer-limit'), Emacs discards it and warns
288 ** `apply-macro-to-region-lines' now operates on all lines that begin
289 in the region, rather than on all complete lines in the region.
292 ** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
293 previous mark if you set `set-mark-command-repeat-pop' to t. I.e. C-u
294 C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC
295 to set the mark immediately after a jump.
298 ** The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
299 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
302 ** In incremental search, C-w is changed. M-%, C-M-w and C-M-y are special.
304 See below under "incremental search changes".
307 ** C-x C-f RET (find-file), typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer
310 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
311 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
312 directory with Dired.
314 You can get the old behavior by typing C-x C-f M-n RET, which fetches
315 the actual file name into the minibuffer.
318 ** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
319 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
320 it remains unchanged.
323 ** When Emacs prompts for file names, SPC no longer completes the file name.
324 This is so filenames with embedded spaces could be input without the
325 need to quote the space with a C-q. The underlying changes in the
326 keymaps that are active in the minibuffer are described below under
327 "New keymaps for typing file names".
330 ** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
331 M-o M-o requests refontification.
334 ** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
336 See below for more details.
339 ** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
340 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
341 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
342 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
343 doublequotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
344 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
346 ** Adaptive filling misfeature removed.
347 It no longer treats `NNN.' or `(NNN)' as a prefix.
350 ** The register compatibility key bindings (deprecated since Emacs 19)
352 C-x / point-to-register (Use: C-x r SPC)
353 C-x j jump-to-register (Use: C-x r j)
354 C-x x copy-to-register (Use: C-x r s)
355 C-x g insert-register (Use: C-x r i)
358 * Editing Changes in Emacs 22.1
361 ** !MEM FULL! at the start of the mode line indicates that Emacs
362 cannot get any more memory for Lisp data. This often means it could
363 crash soon if you do things that use more memory. On most systems,
364 killing buffers will get out of this state. If killing buffers does
365 not make !MEM FULL! disappear, you should save your work and start
369 ** The max size of buffers and integers has been doubled.
370 On 32bit machines, it is now 256M (i.e. 268435455).
373 ** You can now switch buffers in a cyclic order with C-x C-left
374 (previous-buffer) and C-x C-right (next-buffer). C-x left and
375 C-x right can be used as well. The functions keep a different buffer
376 cycle for each frame, using the frame-local buffer list.
379 ** `undo-only' does an undo which does not redo any previous undo.
382 ** M-SPC (just-one-space) when given a numeric argument N
383 converts whitespace around point to N spaces.
386 ** C-x 5 C-o displays a specified buffer in another frame
387 but does not switch to that frame. It's the multi-frame
388 analogue of C-x 4 C-o.
391 ** New commands to operate on pairs of open and close characters:
392 `insert-pair', `delete-pair', `raise-sexp'.
395 ** New command `kill-whole-line' kills an entire line at once.
396 By default, it is bound to C-S-<backspace>.
399 ** Yanking text now discards certain text properties that can
400 be inconvenient when you did not expect them. The variable
401 `yank-excluded-properties' specifies which ones. Insertion
402 of register contents and rectangles also discards these properties.
405 ** The default values of paragraph-start and indent-line-function have
406 been changed to reflect those used in Text mode rather than those used
407 in Indented-Text mode.
410 ** M-x setenv now expands environment variable references.
412 Substrings of the form `$foo' and `${foo}' in the specified new value
413 now refer to the value of environment variable foo. To include a `$'
414 in the value, use `$$'.
417 ** `special-display-buffer-names' and `special-display-regexps' now
418 understand two new boolean pseudo-frame-parameters `same-frame' and
422 ** The default for the paper size (variable ps-paper-type) is taken
425 ** Mark command changes:
428 *** A prefix argument is no longer required to repeat a jump to a
429 previous mark, i.e. C-u C-SPC C-SPC C-SPC ... cycles through the
430 mark ring. Use C-u C-u C-SPC to set the mark immediately after a jump.
433 *** Marking commands extend the region when invoked multiple times.
435 If you type C-M-SPC (mark-sexp), M-@ (mark-word), M-h
436 (mark-paragraph), or C-M-h (mark-defun) repeatedly, the marked region
437 extends each time, so you can mark the next two sexps with M-C-SPC
438 M-C-SPC, for example. This feature also works for
439 mark-end-of-sentence, if you bind that to a key. It also extends the
440 region when the mark is active in Transient Mark mode, regardless of
441 the last command. To start a new region with one of marking commands
442 in Transient Mark mode, you can deactivate the active region with C-g,
443 or set the new mark with C-SPC.
446 *** M-h (mark-paragraph) now accepts a prefix arg.
448 With positive arg, M-h marks the current and the following paragraphs;
449 if the arg is negative, it marks the current and the preceding
453 *** Some commands do something special in Transient Mark mode when the
454 mark is active--for instance, they limit their operation to the
455 region. Even if you don't normally use Transient Mark mode, you might
456 want to get this behavior from a particular command. There are two
457 ways you can enable Transient Mark mode and activate the mark, for one
460 One method is to type C-SPC C-SPC; this enables Transient Mark mode
461 and sets the mark at point. The other method is to type C-u C-x C-x.
462 This enables Transient Mark mode temporarily but does not alter the
465 After these commands, Transient Mark mode remains enabled until you
466 deactivate the mark. That typically happens when you type a command
467 that alters the buffer, but you can also deactivate the mark by typing
471 *** Movement commands `beginning-of-buffer', `end-of-buffer',
472 `beginning-of-defun', `end-of-defun' do not set the mark if the mark
473 is already active in Transient Mark mode.
475 ** Help command changes:
478 *** Changes in C-h bindings:
480 C-h e displays the *Messages* buffer.
482 C-h d runs apropos-documentation.
484 C-h r visits the Emacs Manual in Info.
486 C-h followed by a control character is used for displaying files
489 C-h C-f displays the FAQ.
490 C-h C-e displays the PROBLEMS file.
492 The info-search bindings on C-h C-f, C-h C-k and C-h C-i
493 have been moved to C-h F, C-h K and C-h S.
495 C-h c, C-h k, C-h w, and C-h f now handle remapped interactive commands.
496 - C-h c and C-h k report the actual command (after possible remapping)
497 run by the key sequence.
498 - C-h w and C-h f on a command which has been remapped now report the
499 command it is remapped to, and the keys which can be used to run
502 For example, if C-k is bound to kill-line, and kill-line is remapped
503 to new-kill-line, these commands now report:
504 - C-h c and C-h k C-k reports:
505 C-k runs the command new-kill-line
506 - C-h w and C-h f kill-line reports:
507 kill-line is remapped to new-kill-line which is on C-k, <deleteline>
508 - C-h w and C-h f new-kill-line reports:
509 new-kill-line is on C-k
512 *** Help commands `describe-function' and `describe-key' now show function
513 arguments in lowercase italics on displays that support it. To change the
514 default, customize face `help-argument-name' or redefine the function
515 `help-default-arg-highlight'.
518 *** C-h v and C-h f commands now include a hyperlink to the C source for
519 variables and functions defined in C (if the C source is available).
522 *** Help mode now only makes hyperlinks for faces when the face name is
523 preceded or followed by the word `face'. It no longer makes
524 hyperlinks for variables without variable documentation, unless
525 preceded by one of the words `variable' or `option'. It now makes
526 hyperlinks to Info anchors (or nodes) if the anchor (or node) name is
527 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `info anchor' or `Info
528 anchor' (in addition to earlier `info node' and `Info node'). In
529 addition, it now makes hyperlinks to URLs as well if the URL is
530 enclosed in single quotes and preceded by `URL'.
533 *** The new command `describe-char' (C-u C-x =) pops up a buffer with
534 description various information about a character, including its
535 encodings and syntax, its text properties, how to input, overlays, and
536 widgets at point. You can get more information about some of them, by
537 clicking on mouse-sensitive areas or moving there and pressing RET.
540 *** The command `list-text-properties-at' has been deleted because
541 C-u C-x = gives the same information and more.
544 *** New command `display-local-help' displays any local help at point
545 in the echo area. It is bound to `C-h .'. It normally displays the
546 same string that would be displayed on mouse-over using the
547 `help-echo' property, but, in certain cases, it can display a more
548 keyboard oriented alternative.
551 *** New user option `help-at-pt-display-when-idle' allows to
552 automatically show the help provided by `display-local-help' on
553 point-over, after suitable idle time. The amount of idle time is
554 determined by the user option `help-at-pt-timer-delay' and defaults
555 to one second. This feature is turned off by default.
558 *** The apropos commands now accept a list of words to match.
559 When more than one word is specified, at least two of those words must
560 be present for an item to match. Regular expression matching is still
564 *** The new option `apropos-sort-by-scores' causes the matching items
565 to be sorted according to their score. The score for an item is a
566 number calculated to indicate how well the item matches the words or
567 regular expression that you entered to the apropos command. The best
568 match is listed first, and the calculated score is shown for each
571 ** Incremental Search changes:
574 *** Vertical scrolling is now possible within incremental search.
575 To enable this feature, customize the new user option
576 `isearch-allow-scroll'. User written commands which satisfy stringent
577 constraints can be marked as "scrolling commands". See the Emacs manual
581 *** C-w in incremental search now grabs either a character or a word,
582 making the decision in a heuristic way. This new job is done by the
583 command `isearch-yank-word-or-char'. To restore the old behavior,
584 bind C-w to `isearch-yank-word' in `isearch-mode-map'.
587 *** C-y in incremental search now grabs the next line if point is already
588 at the end of a line.
591 *** C-M-w deletes and C-M-y grabs a character in isearch mode.
592 Another method to grab a character is to enter the minibuffer by `M-e'
593 and to type `C-f' at the end of the search string in the minibuffer.
596 *** M-% typed in isearch mode invokes `query-replace' or
597 `query-replace-regexp' (depending on search mode) with the current
598 search string used as the string to replace.
601 *** Isearch no longer adds `isearch-resume' commands to the command
602 history by default. To enable this feature, customize the new
603 user option `isearch-resume-in-command-history'.
605 ** Replace command changes:
608 *** New user option `query-replace-skip-read-only': when non-nil,
609 `query-replace' and related functions simply ignore
610 a match if part of it has a read-only property.
613 *** When used interactively, the commands `query-replace-regexp' and
614 `replace-regexp' allow \,expr to be used in a replacement string,
615 where expr is an arbitrary Lisp expression evaluated at replacement
616 time. In many cases, this will be more convenient than using
617 `query-replace-regexp-eval'. `\#' in a replacement string now refers
618 to the count of replacements already made by the replacement command.
619 All regular expression replacement commands now allow `\?' in the
620 replacement string to specify a position where the replacement string
621 can be edited for each replacement.
624 *** query-replace uses isearch lazy highlighting when the new user option
625 `query-replace-lazy-highlight' is non-nil.
628 *** The current match in query-replace is highlighted in new face
629 `query-replace' which by default inherits from isearch face.
631 ** Local variables lists:
634 *** In processing a local variables list, Emacs strips the prefix and
635 suffix from every line before processing all the lines.
638 *** Text properties in local variables.
640 A file local variables list cannot specify a string with text
641 properties--any specified text properties are discarded.
644 *** If the local variables list contains any variable-value pairs that
645 are not known to be safe, Emacs shows a prompt asking whether to apply
646 the local variables list as a whole. In earlier versions, a prompt
647 was only issued for variables explicitly marked as risky (for the
648 definition of risky variables, see `risky-local-variable-p').
650 At the prompt, you can choose to save the contents of this local
651 variables list to `safe-local-variable-values'. This new customizable
652 option is a list of variable-value pairs that are known to be safe.
653 Variables can also be marked as safe with the existing
654 `safe-local-variable' property (see `safe-local-variable-p').
655 However, risky variables will not be added to
656 `safe-local-variable-values' in this way.
659 *** The variable `enable-local-variables' controls how local variable
660 lists are handled. t, the default, specifies the standard querying
661 behavior. :safe means use only safe values, and ignore the rest.
662 :all means set all variables, whether or not they are safe.
663 nil means ignore them all. Anything else means always query.
666 *** The variable `safe-local-eval-forms' specifies a list of forms that
667 are ok to evaluate when they appear in an `eval' local variables
668 specification. Normally Emacs asks for confirmation before evaluating
669 such a form, but if the form appears in this list, no confirmation is
673 *** If a function has a non-nil `safe-local-eval-function' property,
674 that means it is ok to evaluate some calls to that function when it
675 appears in an `eval' local variables specification. If the property
676 is t, then any form calling that function with constant arguments is
677 ok. If the property is a function or list of functions, they are called
678 with the form as argument, and if any returns t, the form is ok to call.
680 If the form is not "ok to call", that means Emacs asks for
681 confirmation as before.
683 ** File operation changes:
686 *** Unquoted `$' in file names do not signal an error any more when
687 the corresponding environment variable does not exist.
688 Instead, the `$ENVVAR' text is left as is, so that `$$' quoting
689 is only rarely needed.
692 *** find-file-read-only visits multiple files in read-only mode,
693 when the file name contains wildcard characters.
696 *** find-alternate-file replaces the current file with multiple files,
697 when the file name contains wildcard characters. It now asks if you
698 wish save your changes and not just offer to kill the buffer.
701 *** Auto Compression mode is now enabled by default.
704 *** C-x C-f RET, typing nothing in the minibuffer, is no longer a special case.
706 Since the default input is the current directory, this has the effect
707 of specifying the current directory. Normally that means to visit the
708 directory with Dired.
711 *** When you are root, and you visit a file whose modes specify
712 read-only, the Emacs buffer is now read-only too. Type C-x C-q if you
713 want to make the buffer writable. (As root, you can in fact alter the
717 *** C-x s (save-some-buffers) now offers an option `d' to diff a buffer
718 against its file, so you can see what changes you would be saving.
721 *** The commands copy-file, rename-file, make-symbolic-link and
722 add-name-to-file, when given a directory as the "new name" argument,
723 convert it to a file name by merging in the within-directory part of
724 the existing file's name. (This is the same convention that shell
725 commands cp, mv, and ln follow.) Thus, M-x copy-file RET ~/foo RET
726 /tmp RET copies ~/foo to /tmp/foo.
729 *** When used interactively, `format-write-file' now asks for confirmation
730 before overwriting an existing file, unless a prefix argument is
731 supplied. This behavior is analogous to `write-file'.
734 *** The variable `auto-save-file-name-transforms' now has a third element that
735 controls whether or not the function `make-auto-save-file-name' will
736 attempt to construct a unique auto-save name (e.g. for remote files).
739 *** The new option `write-region-inhibit-fsync' disables calls to fsync
740 in `write-region'. This can be useful on laptops to avoid spinning up
741 the hard drive upon each file save. Enabling this variable may result
742 in data loss, use with care.
745 *** If the user visits a file larger than `large-file-warning-threshold',
746 Emacs asks for confirmation.
749 *** require-final-newline now has two new possible values:
751 `visit' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's needed
752 when visiting the file.
754 `visit-save' means add a newline (as an undoable change) if it's
755 needed when visiting the file, and also add a newline if it's needed
756 when saving the file.
759 *** The new option mode-require-final-newline controls how certain
760 major modes enable require-final-newline. Any major mode that's
761 designed for a kind of file that should normally end in a newline
762 sets require-final-newline based on mode-require-final-newline.
763 So you can customize mode-require-final-newline to control what these
766 ** Minibuffer changes:
769 *** The new file-name-shadow-mode is turned ON by default, so that when
770 entering a file name, any prefix which Emacs will ignore is dimmed.
773 *** There's a new face `minibuffer-prompt'.
774 Emacs adds this face to the list of text properties stored in the
775 variable `minibuffer-prompt-properties', which is used to display the
779 *** Enhanced visual feedback in `*Completions*' buffer.
781 Completions lists use faces to highlight what all completions
782 have in common and where they begin to differ.
784 The common prefix shared by all possible completions uses the face
785 `completions-common-part', while the first character that isn't the
786 same uses the face `completions-first-difference'. By default,
787 `completions-common-part' inherits from `default', and
788 `completions-first-difference' inherits from `bold'. The idea of
789 `completions-common-part' is that you can use it to make the common
790 parts less visible than normal, so that the rest of the differing
791 parts is, by contrast, slightly highlighted.
793 Above fontification is always done when listing completions is
794 triggered at minibuffer. If you want to fontify completions whose
795 listing is triggered at the other normal buffer, you have to pass
796 the common prefix of completions to `display-completion-list' as
800 *** File-name completion can now ignore specified directories.
801 If an element of the list in `completion-ignored-extensions' ends in a
802 slash `/', it indicates a subdirectory that should be ignored when
803 completing file names. Elements of `completion-ignored-extensions'
804 which do not end in a slash are never considered when a completion
805 candidate is a directory.
808 *** The completion commands TAB, SPC and ? in the minibuffer apply only
809 to the text before point. If there is text in the buffer after point,
810 it remains unchanged.
813 *** New user option `history-delete-duplicates'.
814 If set to t when adding a new history element, all previous identical
815 elements are deleted from the history list.
817 ** Redisplay changes:
820 *** Preemptive redisplay now adapts to current load and bandwidth.
822 To avoid preempting redisplay on fast computers, networks, and displays,
823 the arrival of new input is now performed at regular intervals during
824 redisplay. The new variable `redisplay-preemption-period' specifies
825 the period; the default is to check for input every 0.1 seconds.
828 *** The mode line position information now comes before the major mode.
829 When the file is maintained under version control, that information
830 appears between the position information and the major mode.
833 *** New face `escape-glyph' highlights control characters and escape glyphs.
836 *** Non-breaking space and hyphens are now displayed with a special
837 face, either nobreak-space or escape-glyph. You can turn this off or
838 specify a different mode by setting the variable `nobreak-char-display'.
841 *** The parameters of automatic hscrolling can now be customized.
842 The variable `hscroll-margin' determines how many columns away from
843 the window edge point is allowed to get before automatic hscrolling
844 will horizontally scroll the window. The default value is 5.
846 The variable `hscroll-step' determines how many columns automatic
847 hscrolling scrolls the window when point gets too close to the
848 window edge. If its value is zero, the default, Emacs scrolls the
849 window so as to center point. If its value is an integer, it says how
850 many columns to scroll. If the value is a floating-point number, it
851 gives the fraction of the window's width to scroll the window.
853 The variable `automatic-hscrolling' was renamed to
854 `auto-hscroll-mode'. The old name is still available as an alias.
857 *** Moving or scrolling through images (and other lines) taller than
858 the window now works sensibly, by automatically adjusting the window's
861 *** New customize option `overline-margin' controls the space between
864 *** New variable `x-underline-at-descent-line' controls the relative
865 position of the underline. When set, it overrides the
866 `x-use-underline-position-properties' variables.
869 *** The new face `mode-line-inactive' is used to display the mode line
870 of non-selected windows. The `mode-line' face is now used to display
871 the mode line of the currently selected window.
873 The new variable `mode-line-in-non-selected-windows' controls whether
874 the `mode-line-inactive' face is used.
877 *** You can now customize the use of window fringes. To control this
878 for all frames, use M-x fringe-mode or the Show/Hide submenu of the
879 top-level Options menu, or customize the `fringe-mode' variable. To
880 control this for a specific frame, use the command M-x
884 *** Angle icons in the fringes can indicate the buffer boundaries. In
885 addition, up and down arrow bitmaps in the fringe indicate which ways
886 the window can be scrolled.
888 This behavior is activated by setting the buffer-local variable
889 `indicate-buffer-boundaries' to a non-nil value. The default value of
890 this variable is found in `default-indicate-buffer-boundaries'.
892 If value is `left' or `right', both angle and arrow bitmaps are
893 displayed in the left or right fringe, resp.
895 The value can also be an alist which specifies the presence and
896 position of each bitmap individually.
898 For example, ((top . left) (t . right)) places the top angle bitmap
899 in left fringe, the bottom angle bitmap in right fringe, and both
900 arrow bitmaps in right fringe. To show just the angle bitmaps in the
901 left fringe, but no arrow bitmaps, use ((top . left) (bottom . left)).
904 *** On window systems, lines which are exactly as wide as the window
905 (not counting the final newline character) are no longer broken into
906 two lines on the display (with just the newline on the second line).
907 Instead, the newline now "overflows" into the right fringe, and the
908 cursor will be displayed in the fringe when positioned on that newline.
910 The new user option 'overflow-newline-into-fringe' can be set to nil to
911 revert to the old behavior of continuing such lines.
914 *** When a window has display margin areas, the fringes are now
915 displayed between the margins and the buffer's text area, rather than
916 outside those margins.
919 *** A window can now have individual fringe and scroll-bar settings,
920 in addition to the individual display margin settings.
922 Such individual settings are now preserved when windows are split
923 horizontally or vertically, a saved window configuration is restored,
924 or when the frame is resized.
927 *** The %c and %l constructs are now ignored in frame-title-format.
928 Due to technical limitations in how Emacs interacts with windowing
929 systems, these constructs often failed to render properly, and could
930 even cause Emacs to crash.
933 *** If value of `auto-resize-tool-bars' is `grow-only', the tool bar
934 will expand as needed, but not contract automatically. To contract
935 the tool bar, you must type C-l.
937 ** Cursor display changes:
940 *** On X, MS Windows, and Mac OS, the blinking cursor's "off" state is
941 now controlled by the variable `blink-cursor-alist'.
944 *** The X resource cursorBlink can be used to turn off cursor blinking.
947 *** Emacs can produce an underscore-like (horizontal bar) cursor.
948 The underscore cursor is set by putting `(cursor-type . hbar)' in
949 default-frame-alist. It supports variable heights, like the `bar'
953 *** Display of hollow cursors now obeys the buffer-local value (if any)
954 of `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' in the buffer that the cursor
958 *** The variable `cursor-in-non-selected-windows' can now be set to any
959 of the recognized cursor types.
962 *** On text terminals, the variable `visible-cursor' controls whether Emacs
963 uses the "very visible" cursor (the default) or the normal cursor.
968 *** `mode-line-highlight' is the standard face indicating mouse sensitive
969 elements on mode-line (and header-line) like `highlight' face on text
972 *** `mode-line-buffer-id' is the standard face for buffer identification
973 parts of the mode line.
976 *** `shadow' face defines the appearance of the "shadowed" text, i.e.
977 the text which should be less noticeable than the surrounding text.
978 This can be achieved by using shades of grey in contrast with either
979 black or white default foreground color. This generic shadow face
980 allows customization of the appearance of shadowed text in one place,
981 so package-specific faces can inherit from it.
984 *** `vertical-border' face is used for the vertical divider between windows.
989 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-extra-width' which specify extra width for arrow
991 The extra width is used to avoid that the arrowhead and the terminal border
992 overlap. It depens on `ebnf-arrow-shape' and `ebnf-line-width'.
995 *** New option `ebnf-arrow-scale' which specify the arrow scale.
996 Values lower than 1.0, shrink the arrow.
997 Values greater than 1.0, expand the arrow.
999 ** Font-Lock changes:
1002 *** M-o now is the prefix key for setting text properties;
1003 M-o M-o requests refontification.
1006 *** All modes now support using M-x font-lock-mode to toggle
1007 fontification, even those such as Occur, Info, and comint-derived
1008 modes that do their own fontification in a special way.
1010 The variable `Info-fontify' is no longer applicable; to disable
1011 fontification in Info, remove `turn-on-font-lock' from
1015 *** Font-Lock mode: in major modes such as Lisp mode, where some Emacs
1016 features assume that an open-paren in column 0 is always outside of
1017 any string or comment, Font-Lock now highlights any such open-paren in
1018 bold-red if it is inside a string or a comment, to indicate that it
1019 can cause trouble. You should rewrite the string or comment so that
1020 the open-paren is not in column 0.
1023 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-preprocessor-face'.
1026 *** New standard font-lock face `font-lock-comment-delimiter-face'.
1029 *** Easy to overlook single character negation can now be font-locked.
1030 You can use the new variable `font-lock-negation-char-face' and the face of
1031 the same name to customize this. Currently the cc-modes, sh-script-mode,
1032 cperl-mode and make-mode support this.
1035 *** The default settings for JIT stealth lock parameters are changed.
1036 The default value for the user option jit-lock-stealth-time is now 16
1037 instead of 3, and the default value of jit-lock-stealth-nice is now
1038 0.5 instead of 0.125. The new defaults should lower the CPU usage
1039 when Emacs is fontifying in the background.
1042 *** jit-lock can now be delayed with `jit-lock-defer-time'.
1044 If this variable is non-nil, its value should be the amount of Emacs
1045 idle time in seconds to wait before starting fontification. For
1046 example, if you set `jit-lock-defer-time' to 0.25, fontification will
1047 only happen after 0.25s of idle time.
1050 *** contextual refontification is now separate from stealth fontification.
1052 jit-lock-defer-contextually is renamed jit-lock-contextually and
1053 jit-lock-context-time determines the delay after which contextual
1054 refontification takes place.
1057 *** lazy-lock is considered obsolete.
1059 The `lazy-lock' package is superseded by `jit-lock' and is considered
1060 obsolete. `jit-lock' is activated by default; if you wish to continue
1061 using `lazy-lock', activate it in your ~/.emacs like this:
1063 (setq font-lock-support-mode 'lazy-lock-mode)
1065 If you invoke `lazy-lock-mode' directly rather than through
1066 `font-lock-support-mode', it now issues a warning:
1068 "Use font-lock-support-mode rather than calling lazy-lock-mode"
1074 *** A menu item "Show/Hide" was added to the top-level menu "Options".
1075 This menu allows you to turn various display features on and off (such
1076 as the fringes, the tool bar, the speedbar, and the menu bar itself).
1077 You can also move the vertical scroll bar to either side here or turn
1078 it off completely. There is also a menu-item to toggle displaying of
1079 current date and time, current line and column number in the mode-line.
1082 *** Speedbar has moved from the "Tools" top level menu to "Show/Hide".
1085 *** You can exit dialog windows and menus by typing C-g.
1088 *** The menu item "Open File..." has been split into two items, "New File..."
1089 and "Open File...". "Open File..." now opens only existing files. This is
1090 to support existing GUI file selection dialogs better.
1093 *** The file selection dialog for Gtk+, Mac, W32 and Motif/Lesstif can be
1094 disabled by customizing the variable `use-file-dialog'.
1097 *** The pop up menus for Lucid now stay up if you do a fast click and can
1098 be navigated with the arrow keys (like Gtk+, Mac and W32).
1101 *** The menu bar for Motif/Lesstif/Lucid/Gtk+ can be navigated with keys.
1102 Pressing F10 shows the first menu in the menu bar. Navigation is done with
1103 the arrow keys, select with the return key and cancel with the escape keys.
1106 *** The Lucid menus can display multilingual text in your locale. You have
1107 to explicitly specify a fontSet resource for this to work, for example
1108 `-xrm "Emacs*fontSet: -*-helvetica-medium-r-*--*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*,*"'.
1111 *** Dialogs for Lucid/Athena and Lesstif/Motif now pops down when pressing
1112 ESC, like they do for Gtk+, Mac and W32.
1115 *** For the Gtk+ version, you can make Emacs use the old file dialog
1116 by setting the variable `x-gtk-use-old-file-dialog' to t. Default is to use
1122 *** If you set the new variable `mouse-autoselect-window' to a non-nil
1123 value, windows are automatically selected as you move the mouse from
1124 one Emacs window to another, even within a frame. A minibuffer window
1125 can be selected only when it is active.
1128 *** On X, when the window manager requires that you click on a frame to
1129 select it (give it focus), the selected window and cursor position
1130 normally changes according to the mouse click position. If you set
1131 the variable x-mouse-click-focus-ignore-position to t, the selected
1132 window and cursor position do not change when you click on a frame
1136 *** You can now follow links by clicking Mouse-1 on the link.
1138 Traditionally, Emacs uses a Mouse-1 click to set point and a Mouse-2
1139 click to follow a link, whereas most other applications use a Mouse-1
1140 click for both purposes, depending on whether you click outside or
1141 inside a link. Now the behavior of a Mouse-1 click has been changed
1142 to match this context-sentitive dual behavior. (If you prefer the old
1143 behavior, set the user option `mouse-1-click-follows-link' to nil.)
1145 Depending on the current mode, a Mouse-2 click in Emacs can do much
1146 more than just follow a link, so the new Mouse-1 behavior is only
1147 activated for modes which explicitly mark a clickable text as a "link"
1148 (see the new function `mouse-on-link-p' for details). The Lisp
1149 packages that are included in release 22.1 have been adapted to do
1150 this, but external packages may not yet support this. However, there
1151 is no risk in using such packages, as the worst thing that could
1152 happen is that you get the original Mouse-1 behavior when you click
1153 on a link, which typically means that you set point where you click.
1155 If you want to get the original Mouse-1 action also inside a link, you
1156 just need to press the Mouse-1 button a little longer than a normal
1157 click (i.e. press and hold the Mouse-1 button for half a second before
1160 Dragging the Mouse-1 inside a link still performs the original
1161 drag-mouse-1 action, typically copy the text.
1163 You can customize the new Mouse-1 behavior via the new user options
1164 `mouse-1-click-follows-link' and `mouse-1-click-in-non-selected-windows'.
1167 *** Emacs normally highlights mouse sensitive text whenever the mouse
1168 is over the text. By setting the new variable `mouse-highlight', you
1169 can optionally enable mouse highlighting only after you move the
1170 mouse, so that highlighting disappears when you press a key. You can
1171 also disable mouse highlighting.
1174 *** You can now customize if selecting a region by dragging the mouse
1175 shall not copy the selected text to the kill-ring by setting the new
1176 variable mouse-drag-copy-region to nil.
1179 *** mouse-wheels can now scroll a specific fraction of the window
1180 (rather than a fixed number of lines) and the scrolling is `progressive'.
1183 *** Emacs ignores mouse-2 clicks while the mouse wheel is being moved.
1185 People tend to push the mouse wheel (which counts as a mouse-2 click)
1186 unintentionally while turning the wheel, so these clicks are now
1187 ignored. You can customize this with the mouse-wheel-click-event and
1188 mouse-wheel-inhibit-click-time variables.
1191 *** Under X, mouse-wheel-mode is turned on by default.
1193 ** Multilingual Environment (Mule) changes:
1195 *** You can disable character translation for a file using the -*-
1196 construct. Include `enable-character-translation: nil' inside the
1197 -*-...-*- to disable any character translation that may happen by
1198 various global and per-coding-system translation tables. You can also
1199 specify it in a local variable list at the end of the file. For
1200 shortcut, instead of using this long variable name, you can append the
1201 character "!" at the end of coding-system name specified in -*-
1202 construct or in a local variable list. For example, if a file has the
1203 following header, it is decoded by the coding system `iso-latin-1'
1204 without any character translation:
1205 ;; -*- coding: iso-latin-1!; -*-
1208 *** Language environment and various default coding systems are setup
1209 more correctly according to the current locale name. If the locale
1210 name doesn't specify a charset, the default is what glibc defines.
1211 This change can result in using the different coding systems as
1212 default in some locale (e.g. vi_VN).
1215 *** The keyboard-coding-system is now automatically set based on your
1216 current locale settings if you are not using a window system. This
1217 can mean that the META key doesn't work but generates non-ASCII
1218 characters instead, depending on how the terminal (or terminal
1219 emulator) works. Use `set-keyboard-coding-system' (or customize
1220 keyboard-coding-system) if you prefer META to work (the old default)
1221 or if the locale doesn't describe the character set actually generated
1222 by the keyboard. See Info node `Unibyte Mode'.
1225 *** The new command `revert-buffer-with-coding-system' (C-x RET r)
1226 revisits the current file using a coding system that you specify.
1229 *** New command `recode-region' decodes the region again by a specified
1233 *** The new command `recode-file-name' changes the encoding of the name
1237 *** New command `ucs-insert' inserts a character specified by its
1241 *** The new command `set-file-name-coding-system' (C-x RET F) sets
1242 coding system for encoding and decoding file names. A new menu item
1243 (Options->Mule->Set Coding Systems->For File Name) invokes this
1247 *** New command quail-show-key shows what key (or key sequence) to type
1248 in the current input method to input a character at point.
1251 *** Limited support for character `unification' has been added.
1252 Emacs now knows how to translate between different representations of
1253 the same characters in various Emacs charsets according to standard
1254 Unicode mappings. This applies mainly to characters in the ISO 8859
1255 sets plus some other 8-bit sets, but can be extended. For instance,
1256 translation works amongst the Emacs ...-iso8859-... charsets and the
1257 mule-unicode-... ones.
1259 By default this translation happens automatically on encoding.
1260 Self-inserting characters are translated to make the input conformant
1261 with the encoding of the buffer in which it's being used, where
1264 You can force a more complete unification with the user option
1265 unify-8859-on-decoding-mode. That maps all the Latin-N character sets
1266 into Unicode characters (from the latin-iso8859-1 and
1267 mule-unicode-0100-24ff charsets) on decoding. Note that this mode
1268 will often effectively clobber data with an iso-2022 encoding.
1271 *** There is support for decoding Greek and Cyrillic characters into
1272 either Unicode (the mule-unicode charsets) or the iso-8859 charsets,
1273 when possible. The latter are more space-efficient. This is
1274 controlled by user option utf-fragment-on-decoding.
1277 *** New language environments: French, Ukrainian, Tajik,
1278 Bulgarian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, UTF-8, Windows-1255, Welsh, Latin-6,
1279 Latin-7, Lithuanian, Latvian, Swedish, Slovenian, Croatian, Georgian,
1280 Italian, Russian, Malayalam, Tamil, Russian, Chinese-EUC-TW. (Set up
1281 automatically according to the locale.)
1284 *** New input methods: latin-alt-postfix, latin-postfix, latin-prefix,
1285 ukrainian-computer, belarusian, bulgarian-bds, russian-computer,
1286 vietnamese-telex, lithuanian-numeric, lithuanian-keyboard,
1287 latvian-keyboard, welsh, georgian, rfc1345, ucs, sgml,
1288 bulgarian-phonetic, dutch, slovenian, croatian, malayalam-inscript,
1292 *** New input method chinese-sisheng for inputting Chinese Pinyin
1296 *** Improved Thai support. A new minor mode `thai-word-mode' (which is
1297 automatically activated if you select Thai as a language
1298 environment) changes key bindings of most word-oriented commands to
1299 versions which recognize Thai words. Affected commands are
1303 M-DEL (backward-kill-word)
1304 M-t (transpose-words)
1305 M-q (fill-paragraph)
1308 *** Indian support has been updated.
1309 The in-is13194 coding system is now Unicode-based. CDAC fonts are
1310 assumed. There is a framework for supporting various
1311 Indian scripts, but currently only Devanagari, Malayalam and Tamil are
1315 *** A UTF-7 coding system is available in the library `utf-7'.
1318 *** The utf-8/16 coding systems have been enhanced.
1319 By default, untranslatable utf-8 sequences are simply composed into
1320 single quasi-characters. User option `utf-translate-cjk-mode' (it is
1321 turned on by default) arranges to translate many utf-8 CJK character
1322 sequences into real Emacs characters in a similar way to the Mule-UCS
1323 system. As this loads a fairly big data on demand, people who are not
1324 interested in CJK characters may want to customize it to nil.
1325 You can augment/amend the CJK translation via hash tables
1326 `ucs-mule-cjk-to-unicode' and `ucs-unicode-to-mule-cjk'. The utf-8
1327 coding system now also encodes characters from most of Emacs's
1328 one-dimensional internal charsets, specifically the ISO-8859 ones.
1329 The utf-16 coding system is affected similarly.
1332 *** A new coding system `euc-tw' has been added for traditional Chinese
1333 in CNS encoding; it accepts both Big 5 and CNS as input; on saving,
1334 Big 5 is then converted to CNS.
1337 *** Many new coding systems are available in the `code-pages' library.
1338 These include complete versions of most of those in codepage.el, based
1339 on Unicode mappings. `codepage-setup' is now obsolete and is used
1340 only in the MS-DOS port of Emacs. All coding systems defined in
1341 `code-pages' are auto-loaded.
1344 *** New variable `utf-translate-cjk-unicode-range' controls which
1345 Unicode characters to translate in `utf-translate-cjk-mode'.
1348 *** iso-10646-1 (`Unicode') fonts can be used to display any range of
1349 characters encodable by the utf-8 coding system. Just specify the
1350 fontset appropriately.
1352 ** Customize changes:
1355 *** Custom themes are collections of customize options. Create a
1356 custom theme with M-x customize-create-theme. Use M-x load-theme to
1357 load and enable a theme, and M-x disable-theme to disable it. Use M-x
1358 enable-theme to enable a disabled theme.
1361 *** The commands M-x customize-face and M-x customize-face-other-window
1362 now look at the character after point. If a face or faces are
1363 specified for that character, the commands by default customize those
1367 *** The face-customization widget has been reworked to be less confusing.
1368 In particular, when you enable a face attribute using the corresponding
1369 check-box, there's no longer a redundant `*' option in value selection
1370 for that attribute; the values you can choose are only those which make
1371 sense for the attribute. When an attribute is de-selected by unchecking
1372 its check-box, then the (now ignored, but still present temporarily in
1373 case you re-select the attribute) value is hidden.
1376 *** When you set or reset a variable's value in a Customize buffer,
1377 the previous value becomes the "backup value" of the variable.
1378 You can go back to that backup value by selecting "Use Backup Value"
1379 under the "[State]" button.
1381 ** Buffer Menu changes:
1384 *** New command `Buffer-menu-toggle-files-only' toggles display of file
1385 buffers only in the Buffer Menu. It is bound to T in Buffer Menu
1389 *** `buffer-menu' and `list-buffers' now list buffers whose names begin
1390 with a space, when those buffers are visiting files. Normally buffers
1391 whose names begin with space are omitted.
1394 *** The new options `buffers-menu-show-directories' and
1395 `buffers-menu-show-status' let you control how buffers are displayed
1396 in the menu dropped down when you click "Buffers" from the menu bar.
1398 `buffers-menu-show-directories' controls whether the menu displays
1399 leading directories as part of the file name visited by the buffer.
1400 If its value is `unless-uniquify', the default, directories are
1401 shown unless uniquify-buffer-name-style' is non-nil. The value of nil
1402 and t turn the display of directories off and on, respectively.
1404 `buffers-menu-show-status' controls whether the Buffers menu includes
1405 the modified and read-only status of the buffers. By default it is
1406 t, and the status is shown.
1408 Setting these variables directly does not take effect until next time
1409 the Buffers menu is regenerated.
1414 *** New faces dired-header, dired-mark, dired-marked, dired-flagged,
1415 dired-ignored, dired-directory, dired-symlink, dired-warning
1416 introduced for Dired mode instead of font-lock faces.
1419 *** New Dired command `dired-compare-directories' marks files
1420 with different file attributes in two dired buffers.
1423 *** New Dired command `dired-do-touch' (bound to T) changes timestamps
1424 of marked files with the value entered in the minibuffer.
1427 *** The Dired command `dired-goto-file' is now bound to j, not M-g.
1428 This is to avoid hiding the global key binding of M-g.
1431 *** In Dired's ! command (dired-do-shell-command), `*' and `?' now
1432 control substitution of the file names only when they are surrounded
1433 by whitespace. This means you can now use them as shell wildcards
1434 too. If you want to use just plain `*' as a wildcard, type `*""'; the
1435 double quotes make no difference in the shell, but they prevent
1436 special treatment in `dired-do-shell-command'.
1439 *** In Dired, the w command now stores the current line's file name
1440 into the kill ring. With a zero prefix arg, it stores the absolute file name.
1443 *** In Dired-x, Omitting files is now a minor mode, dired-omit-mode.
1445 The mode toggling command is bound to M-o. A new command
1446 dired-mark-omitted, bound to * O, marks omitted files. The variable
1447 dired-omit-files-p is obsoleted, use the mode toggling function
1451 *** The variables dired-free-space-program and dired-free-space-args
1452 have been renamed to directory-free-space-program and
1453 directory-free-space-args, and they now apply whenever Emacs puts a
1454 directory listing into a buffer.
1459 *** The comint prompt can now be made read-only, using the new user
1460 option `comint-prompt-read-only'. This is not enabled by default,
1461 except in IELM buffers. The read-only status of IELM prompts can be
1462 controlled with the new user option `ielm-prompt-read-only', which
1463 overrides `comint-prompt-read-only'.
1465 The new commands `comint-kill-whole-line' and `comint-kill-region'
1466 support editing comint buffers with read-only prompts.
1468 `comint-kill-whole-line' is like `kill-whole-line', but ignores both
1469 read-only and field properties. Hence, it always kill entire
1470 lines, including any prompts.
1472 `comint-kill-region' is like `kill-region', except that it ignores
1473 read-only properties, if it is safe to do so. This means that if any
1474 part of a prompt is deleted, then the entire prompt must be deleted
1475 and that all prompts must stay at the beginning of a line. If this is
1476 not the case, then `comint-kill-region' behaves just like
1477 `kill-region' if read-only properties are involved: it copies the text
1478 to the kill-ring, but does not delete it.
1481 *** The new command `comint-insert-previous-argument' in comint-derived
1482 modes (shell-mode, etc.) inserts arguments from previous command lines,
1483 like bash's `ESC .' binding. It is bound by default to `C-c .', but
1484 otherwise behaves quite similarly to the bash version.
1487 *** `comint-use-prompt-regexp-instead-of-fields' has been renamed
1488 `comint-use-prompt-regexp'. The old name has been kept as an alias,
1489 but declared obsolete.
1492 *** The new INSIDE_EMACS environment variable is set to "t" in
1493 subshells running inside Emacs. This supersedes the EMACS environment
1494 variable, which will be removed in a future Emacs release. Programs
1495 that need to know whether they are started inside Emacs should check
1496 INSIDE_EMACS instead of EMACS.
1498 ** M-x Compile changes:
1501 *** M-x compile has become more robust and reliable
1503 Quite a few more kinds of messages are recognized. Messages that are
1504 recognized as warnings or informational come in orange or green, instead of
1505 red. Informational messages are by default skipped with `next-error'
1506 (controlled by `compilation-skip-threshold').
1508 Location data is collected on the fly as the *compilation* buffer changes.
1509 This means you could modify messages to make them point to different files.
1510 This also means you can not go to locations of messages you may have deleted.
1512 The variable `compilation-error-regexp-alist' has now become customizable. If
1513 you had added your own regexps to this, you'll probably need to include a
1514 leading `^', otherwise they'll match anywhere on a line. There is now also a
1515 `compilation-mode-font-lock-keywords' and it nicely handles all the checks
1516 that configure outputs and -o options so you see at a glance where you are.
1518 The new file etc/compilation.txt gives examples of each type of message.
1521 *** New user option `compilation-environment'.
1522 This option allows you to specify environment variables for inferior
1523 compilation processes without affecting the environment that all
1524 subprocesses inherit.
1527 *** New user option `compilation-disable-input'.
1528 If this is non-nil, send end-of-file as compilation process input.
1531 *** New options `next-error-highlight' and `next-error-highlight-no-select'
1532 specify the method of highlighting of the corresponding source line
1533 in new face `next-error'.
1536 *** A new minor mode `next-error-follow-minor-mode' can be used in
1537 compilation-mode, grep-mode, occur-mode, and diff-mode (i.e. all the
1538 modes that can use `next-error'). In this mode, cursor motion in the
1539 buffer causes automatic display in another window of the corresponding
1540 matches, compilation errors, etc. This minor mode can be toggled with
1544 *** When the left fringe is displayed, an arrow points to current message in
1545 the compilation buffer.
1548 *** The new variable `compilation-context-lines' controls lines of leading
1549 context before the current message. If nil and the left fringe is displayed,
1550 it doesn't scroll the compilation output window. If there is no left fringe,
1551 no arrow is displayed and a value of nil means display the message at the top
1555 *** The EMACS environment variable now defaults to Emacs's absolute
1556 file name, instead of to "t".
1558 ** Occur mode changes:
1561 *** In the *Occur* buffer, `o' switches to it in another window, and
1562 C-o displays the current line's occurrence in another window without
1566 *** You can now use next-error (C-x `) and previous-error to advance to
1567 the next/previous matching line found by M-x occur.
1570 *** The new command `multi-occur' is just like `occur', except it can
1571 search multiple buffers. There is also a new command
1572 `multi-occur-in-matching-buffers' which allows you to specify the
1573 buffers to search by their filenames or buffer names. Internally,
1574 Occur mode has been rewritten, and now uses font-lock, among other
1580 *** Grep has been decoupled from compilation mode setup.
1582 There's a new separate package grep.el, with its own submenu and
1583 customization group.
1586 *** `grep-find' is now also available under the name `find-grep' where
1587 people knowing `find-grep-dired' would probably expect it.
1590 *** New commands `lgrep' (local grep) and `rgrep' (recursive grep) are
1591 more user-friendly versions of `grep' and `grep-find', which prompt
1592 separately for the regular expression to match, the files to search,
1593 and the base directory for the search (rgrep only). Case sensitivitivy
1594 of the search is controlled by the current value of `case-fold-search'.
1596 These commands build the shell commands based on the new variables
1597 `grep-template' (lgrep) and `grep-find-template' (rgrep).
1599 The files to search can use aliases defined in `grep-files-aliases'.
1601 Subdirectories listed in `grep-find-ignored-directories' such as those
1602 typically used by various version control systems, like CVS and arch,
1603 are automatically skipped by `rgrep'.
1606 *** The grep commands provide highlighting support.
1608 Hits are fontified in green, and hits in binary files in orange. Grep buffers
1609 can be saved and automatically revisited.
1612 *** The new variables `grep-window-height' and `grep-scroll-output' override
1613 the corresponding compilation mode settings, for grep commands only.
1616 *** New option `grep-highlight-matches' highlights matches in *grep*
1617 buffer. It uses a special feature of some grep programs which accept
1618 --color option to output markers around matches. When going to the next
1619 match with `next-error' the exact match is highlighted in the source
1620 buffer. Otherwise, if `grep-highlight-matches' is nil, the whole
1621 source line is highlighted.
1624 *** New key bindings in grep output window:
1625 SPC and DEL scrolls window up and down. C-n and C-p moves to next and
1626 previous match in the grep window. RET jumps to the source line of
1627 the current match. `n' and `p' shows next and previous match in
1628 other window, but does not switch buffer. `{' and `}' jumps to the
1629 previous or next file in the grep output. TAB also jumps to the next
1633 *** M-x grep now tries to avoid appending `/dev/null' to the command line
1634 by using GNU grep `-H' option instead. M-x grep automatically
1635 detects whether this is possible or not the first time it is invoked.
1636 When `-H' is used, the grep command line supplied by the user is passed
1637 unchanged to the system to execute, which allows more complicated
1638 command lines to be used than was possible before.
1640 ** X Windows Support:
1643 *** Emacs now supports drag and drop for X. Dropping a file on a window
1644 opens it, dropping text inserts the text. Dropping a file on a dired
1645 buffer copies or moves the file to that directory.
1648 *** Under X11, it is possible to swap Alt and Meta (and Super and Hyper).
1649 The new variables `x-alt-keysym', `x-hyper-keysym', `x-meta-keysym',
1650 and `x-super-keysym' can be used to choose which keysyms Emacs should
1651 use for the modifiers. For example, the following two lines swap
1653 (setq x-alt-keysym 'meta)
1654 (setq x-meta-keysym 'alt)
1657 *** The X resource useXIM can be used to turn off use of XIM, which can
1658 speed up Emacs with slow networking to the X server.
1660 If the configure option `--without-xim' was used to turn off use of
1661 XIM by default, the X resource useXIM can be used to turn it on.
1664 *** The new variable `x-select-request-type' controls how Emacs
1665 requests X selection. The default value is nil, which means that
1666 Emacs requests X selection with types COMPOUND_TEXT and UTF8_STRING,
1667 and use the more appropriately result.
1670 *** The scrollbar under LessTif or Motif has a smoother drag-scrolling.
1671 On the other hand, the size of the thumb does not represent the actual
1672 amount of text shown any more (only a crude approximation of it).
1677 *** If you enable Xterm Mouse mode, Emacs will respond to mouse clicks
1678 on the mode line, header line and display margin, when run in an xterm.
1681 *** Improved key bindings support when running in an xterm.
1682 When emacs is running in an xterm more key bindings are available.
1683 The following should work:
1684 {C,S,C-S,A}-{right,left,up,down,prior,next,delete,insert,F1-12}.
1685 These key bindings work on xterm from X.org 6.8, they might not work on
1686 some older versions of xterm, or on some proprietary versions.
1688 ** Character terminal color support changes:
1691 *** The new command-line option --color=MODE lets you specify a standard
1692 mode for a tty color support. It is meant to be used on character
1693 terminals whose capabilities are not set correctly in the terminal
1694 database, or with terminal emulators which support colors, but don't
1695 set the TERM environment variable to a name of a color-capable
1696 terminal. "emacs --color" uses the same color commands as GNU `ls'
1697 when invoked with "ls --color", so if your terminal can support colors
1698 in "ls --color", it will support "emacs --color" as well. See the
1699 user manual for the possible values of the MODE parameter.
1702 *** Emacs now supports several character terminals which provide more
1703 than 8 colors. For example, for `xterm', 16-color, 88-color, and
1704 256-color modes are supported. Emacs automatically notes at startup
1705 the extended number of colors, and defines the appropriate entries for
1706 all of these colors.
1709 *** Emacs now uses the full range of available colors for the default
1710 faces when running on a color terminal, including 16-, 88-, and
1711 256-color xterms. This means that when you run "emacs -nw" on an
1712 88-color or 256-color xterm, you will see essentially the same face
1716 *** There's a new support for colors on `rxvt' terminal emulator.
1718 * New Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1
1720 ** ERC is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1722 ERC is a powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for Emacs.
1724 To see what modules are available, type
1725 M-x customize-option erc-modules RET.
1727 To start an IRC session, type M-x erc, and follow the prompts for
1728 server, port, and nick.
1731 ** Rcirc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1733 Rcirc is an Internet relay chat (IRC) client. It supports
1734 simultaneous connections to multiple IRC servers. Each discussion
1735 takes place in its own buffer. For each connection you can join
1736 several channels (many-to-many) and participate in private
1737 (one-to-one) chats. Both channel and private chats are contained in
1740 To start an IRC session, type M-x irc, and follow the prompts for
1741 server, port, nick and initial channels.
1744 ** Newsticker is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1746 Newsticker asynchronously retrieves headlines (RSS) from a list of news
1747 sites, prepares these headlines for reading, and allows for loading the
1748 corresponding articles in a web browser. Its documentation is in a
1752 ** savehist saves minibuffer histories between sessions.
1753 To use this feature, turn on savehist-mode in your `.emacs' file.
1756 ** Filesets are collections of files. You can define a fileset in
1757 various ways, such as based on a directory tree or based on
1758 program files that include other program files.
1760 Once you have defined a fileset, you can perform various operations on
1761 all the files in it, such as visiting them or searching and replacing
1765 ** Calc is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1767 Calc is an advanced desk calculator and mathematical tool written in
1768 Emacs Lisp. The prefix for Calc has been changed to `C-x *' and Calc
1769 can be started with `C-x * *'. The Calc manual is separate from the
1770 Emacs manual; within Emacs, type "C-h i m calc RET" to read the
1771 manual. A reference card is available in `etc/calccard.tex' and
1775 ** The new package ibuffer provides a powerful, completely
1776 customizable replacement for buff-menu.el.
1779 ** Ido mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1781 The ido (interactively do) package is an extension of the iswitchb
1782 package to do interactive opening of files and directories in addition
1783 to interactive buffer switching. Ido is a superset of iswitchb (with
1784 a few exceptions), so don't enable both packages.
1787 ** Image files are normally visited in Image mode, which lets you toggle
1788 between viewing the image and viewing the text using C-c C-c.
1791 ** CUA mode is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1793 The new cua package provides CUA-like keybindings using C-x for
1794 cut (kill), C-c for copy, C-v for paste (yank), and C-z for undo.
1795 With cua, the region can be set and extended using shifted movement
1796 keys (like pc-selection-mode) and typed text replaces the active
1797 region (like delete-selection-mode). Do not enable these modes with
1798 cua-mode. Customize the variable `cua-mode' to enable cua.
1800 In addition, cua provides unified rectangle support with visible
1801 rectangle highlighting: Use C-return to start a rectangle, extend it
1802 using the movement commands (or mouse-3), and cut or copy it using C-x
1803 or C-c (using C-w and M-w also works).
1805 Use M-o and M-c to `open' or `close' the rectangle, use M-b or M-f, to
1806 fill it with blanks or another character, use M-u or M-l to upcase or
1807 downcase the rectangle, use M-i to increment the numbers in the
1808 rectangle, use M-n to fill the rectangle with a numeric sequence (such
1809 as 10 20 30...), use M-r to replace a regexp in the rectangle, and use
1810 M-' or M-/ to restrict command on the rectangle to a subset of the
1811 rows. See the commentary in cua-base.el for more rectangle commands.
1813 Cua also provides unified support for registers: Use a numeric
1814 prefix argument between 0 and 9, i.e. M-0 .. M-9, for C-x, C-c, and
1815 C-v to cut or copy into register 0-9, or paste from register 0-9.
1817 The last text deleted (not killed) is automatically stored in
1818 register 0. This includes text deleted by typing text.
1820 Finally, cua provides a global mark which is set using S-C-space.
1821 When the global mark is active, any text which is cut or copied is
1822 automatically inserted at the global mark position. See the
1823 commentary in cua-base.el for more global mark related commands.
1825 The features of cua also works with the standard emacs bindings for
1826 kill, copy, yank, and undo. If you want to use cua mode, but don't
1827 want the C-x, C-c, C-v, and C-z bindings, you can customize the
1828 `cua-enable-cua-keys' variable.
1830 Note: This version of cua mode is not backwards compatible with older
1831 versions of cua.el and cua-mode.el. To ensure proper operation, you
1832 must remove older versions of cua.el or cua-mode.el as well as the
1833 loading and customization of those packages from the .emacs file.
1836 ** Org mode is now part of the Emacs distribution
1838 Org mode is a mode for keeping notes, maintaining ToDo lists, and
1839 doing project planning with a fast and effective plain-text system.
1840 It also contains a plain-text table editor with spreadsheet-like
1843 The Org mode table editor can be integrated into any major mode by
1844 activating the minor Orgtbl-mode.
1846 The documentation for org-mode is in a separate manual; within Emacs,
1847 type "C-h i m org RET" to read that manual. A reference card is
1848 available in `etc/orgcard.tex' and `etc/orgcard.ps'.
1851 ** The new package dns-mode.el adds syntax highlighting of DNS master files.
1852 It is a modern replacement for zone-mode.el, which is now obsolete.
1855 ** The new global minor mode `file-name-shadow-mode' modifies the way
1856 filenames being entered by the user in the minibuffer are displayed, so
1857 that it's clear when part of the entered filename will be ignored due to
1858 emacs' filename parsing rules. The ignored portion can be made dim,
1859 invisible, or otherwise less visually noticeable. The display method can
1860 be displayed by customizing the variable `file-name-shadow-properties'.
1863 ** The new package flymake.el does on-the-fly syntax checking of program
1864 source files. See the Flymake's Info manual for more details.
1867 ** The new keypad setup package provides several common bindings for
1868 the numeric keypad which is available on most keyboards. The numeric
1869 keypad typically has the digits 0 to 9, a decimal point, keys marked
1870 +, -, /, and *, an Enter key, and a NumLock toggle key. The keypad
1871 package only controls the use of the digit and decimal keys.
1873 By customizing the variables `keypad-setup', `keypad-shifted-setup',
1874 `keypad-numlock-setup', and `keypad-numlock-shifted-setup', or by
1875 using the function `keypad-setup', you can rebind all digit keys and
1876 the decimal key of the keypad in one step for each of the four
1877 possible combinations of the Shift key state (not pressed/pressed) and
1878 the NumLock toggle state (off/on).
1880 The choices for the keypad keys in each of the above states are:
1881 `Plain numeric keypad' where the keys generates plain digits,
1882 `Numeric keypad with decimal key' where the character produced by the
1883 decimal key can be customized individually (for internationalization),
1884 `Numeric Prefix Arg' where the keypad keys produce numeric prefix args
1885 for emacs editing commands, `Cursor keys' and `Shifted Cursor keys'
1886 where the keys work like (shifted) arrow keys, home/end, etc., and
1887 `Unspecified/User-defined' where the keypad keys (kp-0, kp-1, etc.)
1888 are left unspecified and can be bound individually through the global
1892 ** Emacs' keyboard macro facilities have been enhanced by the new
1895 Keyboard macros are now defined and executed via the F3 and F4 keys:
1896 F3 starts a macro, F4 ends the macro, and pressing F4 again executes
1897 the last macro. While defining the macro, F3 inserts a counter value
1898 which automatically increments every time the macro is executed.
1900 There is now a keyboard macro ring which stores the most recently
1903 The C-x C-k sequence is now a prefix for the kmacro keymap which
1904 defines bindings for moving through the keyboard macro ring,
1905 C-x C-k C-p and C-x C-k C-n, editing the last macro C-x C-k C-e,
1906 manipulating the macro counter and format via C-x C-k C-c,
1907 C-x C-k C-a, and C-x C-k C-f. See the commentary in kmacro.el
1910 The original macro bindings C-x (, C-x ), and C-x e are still
1911 available, but they now interface to the keyboard macro ring too.
1913 The C-x e command now automatically terminates the current macro
1914 before calling it, if used while defining a macro.
1916 In addition, when ending or calling a macro with C-x e, the macro can
1917 be repeated immediately by typing just the `e'. You can customize
1918 this behavior via the variables kmacro-call-repeat-key and
1919 kmacro-call-repeat-with-arg.
1921 Keyboard macros can now be debugged and edited interactively.
1922 C-x C-k SPC steps through the last keyboard macro one key sequence
1923 at a time, prompting for the actions to take.
1926 ** New minor mode, Visible mode, toggles invisibility in the current buffer.
1927 When enabled, it makes all invisible text visible. When disabled, it
1928 restores the previous value of `buffer-invisibility-spec'.
1931 ** The wdired.el package allows you to use normal editing commands on Dired
1932 buffers to change filenames, permissions, etc...
1935 ** The new package longlines.el provides a minor mode for editing text
1936 files composed of long lines, based on the `use-hard-newlines'
1937 mechanism. The long lines are broken up by inserting soft newlines,
1938 which are automatically removed when saving the file to disk or
1939 copying into the kill ring, clipboard, etc. By default, Longlines
1940 mode inserts soft newlines automatically during editing, a behavior
1941 referred to as "soft word wrap" in other text editors. This is
1942 similar to Refill mode, but more reliable. To turn the word wrap
1943 feature off, set `longlines-auto-wrap' to nil.
1946 ** The printing package is now part of the Emacs distribution.
1948 If you enable the printing package by including (require 'printing) in
1949 the .emacs file, the normal Print item on the File menu is replaced
1950 with a Print sub-menu which allows you to preview output through
1951 ghostview, use ghostscript to print (if you don't have a PostScript
1952 printer) or send directly to printer a PostScript code generated by
1953 `ps-print' package. Use M-x pr-help for more information.
1956 ** The minor mode Reveal mode makes text visible on the fly as you
1957 move your cursor into hidden regions of the buffer.
1958 It should work with any package that uses overlays to hide parts
1959 of a buffer, such as outline-minor-mode, hs-minor-mode, hide-ifdef-mode, ...
1961 There is also Global Reveal mode which affects all buffers.
1964 ** The ruler-mode.el library provides a minor mode for displaying an
1965 "active" ruler in the header line. You can use the mouse to visually
1966 change the `fill-column', `window-margins' and `tab-stop-list'
1970 ** SES mode (ses-mode) is a new major mode for creating and editing
1971 spreadsheet files. Besides the usual Emacs features (intuitive command
1972 letters, undo, cell formulas in Lisp, plaintext files, etc.) it also offers
1973 viral immunity and import/export of tab-separated values.
1976 ** The new global minor mode `size-indication-mode' (off by default)
1977 shows the size of accessible part of the buffer on the mode line.
1980 ** The new package table.el implements editable, WYSIWYG, embedded
1981 `text tables' in Emacs buffers. It simulates the effect of putting
1982 these tables in a special major mode. The package emulates WYSIWYG
1983 table editing available in modern word processors. The package also
1984 can generate a table source in typesetting and markup languages such
1985 as latex and html from the visually laid out text table.
1987 ** The tumme.el package allows you to easily view, tag and in other ways
1988 manipulate image files and their thumbnails, using dired as the main interface.
1989 Tumme provides functionality to generate simple image galleries.
1992 ** Tramp is now part of the distribution.
1994 This package is similar to Ange-FTP: it allows you to edit remote
1995 files. But whereas Ange-FTP uses FTP to access the remote host,
1996 Tramp uses a shell connection. The shell connection is always used
1997 for filename completion and directory listings and suchlike, but for
1998 the actual file transfer, you can choose between the so-called
1999 `inline' methods (which transfer the files through the shell
2000 connection using base64 or uu encoding) and the `out-of-band' methods
2001 (which invoke an external copying program such as `rcp' or `scp' or
2002 `rsync' to do the copying).
2004 Shell connections can be acquired via `rsh', `ssh', `telnet' and also
2005 `su' and `sudo'. Ange-FTP is still supported via the `ftp' method.
2007 If you want to disable Tramp you should set
2009 (setq tramp-default-method "ftp")
2011 Removing Tramp, and re-enabling Ange-FTP, can be achieved by M-x
2015 ** The URL package (which had been part of W3) is now part of Emacs.
2018 ** `cfengine-mode' is a major mode for editing GNU Cfengine
2019 configuration files.
2022 ** The new package conf-mode.el handles thousands of configuration files, with
2023 varying syntaxes for comments (;, #, //, /* */ or !), assignment (var = value,
2024 var : value, var value or keyword var value) and sections ([section] or
2025 section { }). Many files under /etc/, or with suffixes like .cf through
2026 .config, .properties (Java), .desktop (KDE/Gnome), .ini and many others are
2030 ** GDB-Script-mode is used for files like .gdbinit.
2033 ** The new python.el package is used to edit Python and Jython programs.
2036 ** The TCL package tcl-mode.el was replaced by tcl.el.
2037 This was actually done in Emacs-21.1, and was not documented.
2039 ** The new package scroll-lock.el provides the Scroll Lock minor mode
2040 for pager-like scrolling. Keys which normally move point by line or
2041 paragraph will scroll the buffer by the respective amount of lines
2042 instead and point will be kept vertically fixed relative to window
2043 boundaries during scrolling.
2046 ** The file t-mouse.el is now part of Emacs and provides access to mouse
2047 events from the console. It still requires gpm to work but has been updated
2048 for Emacs 22. In particular, the mode-line is now position sensitive.
2050 * Changes in Specialized Modes and Packages in Emacs 22.1:
2052 ** Changes in Shell Mode
2054 *** Shell output normally scrolls so that the input line is at the
2055 bottom of the window -- thus showing the maximum possible text. (This
2056 is similar to the way sequential output to a terminal works.)
2061 *** Bindings for Tumme added
2062 Several new keybindings, all starting with the C-t prefix, have been
2063 added to Dired. They are all bound to commands in Tumme. As a starting
2064 point, mark some image files in a dired buffer and do C-t d to display
2065 thumbnails of them in a separate buffer.
2067 ** Changes in Hi Lock
2070 *** hi-lock-mode now only affects a single buffer, and a new function
2071 `global-hi-lock-mode' enables Hi Lock in all buffers. By default, if
2072 hi-lock-mode is used in what appears to be the initialization file, a
2073 warning message suggests to use global-hi-lock-mode instead. However,
2074 if the new variable `hi-lock-archaic-interface-deduce' is non-nil,
2075 using hi-lock-mode in an initialization file will turn on Hi Lock in all
2076 buffers and no warning will be issued (for compatibility with the
2077 behavior in older versions of Emacs).
2080 ** Changes in Allout
2082 *** Some previously rough topic-header format edge cases are reconciled.
2083 Level 1 topics use the mode's comment format, and lines starting with the
2084 asterisk - for instance, the comment close of some languages (eg, c's "*/"
2085 or mathematica's "*)") - at the beginning of line are no longer are
2086 interpreted as level 1 topics in those modes.
2088 *** Many or most commonly occuring "accidental" topics are disqualified.
2089 Text in item bodies that looks like a low-depth topic is no longer mistaken
2090 for one unless its first offspring (or that of its next sibling with
2091 offspring) is only one level deeper.
2093 For example, pasting some text with a bunch of leading asterisks into a
2094 topic that's followed by a level 3 or deeper topic will not cause the
2095 pasted text to be mistaken for outline structure.
2097 The same constraint is applied to any level 2 or 3 topics.
2099 This settles an old issue where typed or pasted text needed to be carefully
2100 reviewed, and sometimes doctored, to avoid accidentally disrupting the
2101 outline structure. Now that should be generally unnecessary, as the most
2102 prone-to-occur accidents are disqualified.
2104 *** Allout now refuses to create "containment discontinuities", where a
2105 topic is shifted deeper than the offspring-depth of its container. On the
2106 other hand, allout now operates gracefully with existing containment
2107 discontinuities, revealing excessively contained topics rather than either
2108 leaving them hidden or raising an error.
2110 *** Topic cryptography added, enabling easy gpg topic encryption and
2111 decryption. Per-topic basis enables interspersing encrypted-text and
2112 clear-text within a single file to your heart's content, using symmetric
2113 and/or public key modes. Time-limited key caching, user-provided
2114 symmetric key hinting and consistency verification, auto-encryption of
2115 pending topics on save, and more, make it easy to use encryption in
2116 powerful ways. Encryption behavior customization is collected in the
2117 allout-encryption customization group.
2119 *** Navigation within an item is easier. Repeated beginning-of-line and
2120 end-of-line key commands (usually, ^A and ^E) cycle through the
2121 beginning/end-of-line and then beginning/end of topic, etc. See new
2122 customization vars `allout-beginning-of-line-cycles' and
2123 `allout-end-of-line-cycles'.
2125 *** New or revised allout-mode activity hooks enable creation of
2126 cooperative enhancements to allout mode without changes to the mode,
2129 See `allout-exposure-change-hook', `allout-structure-added-hook',
2130 `allout-structure-deleted-hook', and `allout-structure-shifted-hook'.
2132 `allout-exposure-change-hook' replaces the existing
2133 `allout-view-change-hook', which is being deprecated. Both are still
2134 invoked, but `allout-view-change-hook' will eventually be ignored.
2135 `allout-exposure-change-hook' is called with explicit arguments detailing
2136 the specifics of each change (as are the other new hooks), making it easier
2137 to use than the old version.
2139 There is a new mode deactivation hook, `allout-mode-deactivate-hook', for
2140 coordinating with deactivation of allout-mode. Both that and the mode
2141 activation hook, `allout-mode-hook' are now run after the `allout-mode'
2142 variable is changed, rather than before.
2144 *** Default command prefix was changed to "\C-c " (control-c space), to
2145 avoid intruding on user's keybinding space. Customize the
2146 `allout-command-prefix' variable to your preference.
2148 *** Allout now uses text overlay's `invisible' property for concealed text,
2149 instead of selective-display. This simplifies the code, in particular
2150 avoiding the need for kludges for isearch dynamic-display, discretionary
2151 handling of edits of concealed text, undo concerns, etc.
2153 *** There are many other fixes and refinements, including:
2155 - repaired inhibition of inadvertent edits to concealed text, without
2156 inhibiting undo; we now reveal undo changes within concealed text.
2157 - auto-fill-mode is now left inactive when allout-mode starts, if it
2158 already was inactive. also, `allout-inhibit-auto-fill' custom
2159 configuration variable makes it easy to disable auto fill in allout
2160 outlines in general or on a per-buffer basis.
2161 - allout now tolerates fielded text in outlines without disruption.
2162 - hot-spot navigation now is modularized with a new function,
2163 `allout-hotspot-key-handler', enabling easier use and enhancement of
2164 the functionality in allout addons.
2165 - repaired retention of topic body hanging indent upon topic depth shifts
2166 - bulleting variation is simpler and more accommodating, both in the
2167 default behavior and in ability to vary when creating new topics
2168 - mode deactivation now does cleans up effectively, more properly
2169 restoring affected variables and hooks to former state, removing
2170 overlays, etc. see `allout-add-resumptions' and
2171 `allout-do-resumptions', which replace the old `allout-resumptions'.
2172 - included a few unit-tests for interior functionality. developers can
2173 have them automatically run at the end of module load by customizing
2174 the option `allout-run-unit-tests-on-load'.
2175 - many, many other, more minor tweaks, fixes, and refinements.
2176 - version number incremented to 2.2
2178 ** The variable `woman-topic-at-point' was renamed
2179 to `woman-use-topic-at-point' and behaves differently: if this
2180 variable is non-nil, the `woman' command uses the word at point
2181 automatically, without asking for a confirmation. Otherwise, the word
2182 at point is suggested as default, but not inserted at the prompt.
2185 ** Changes to cmuscheme
2187 *** Emacs now offers to start Scheme if the user tries to
2188 evaluate a Scheme expression but no Scheme subprocess is running.
2190 *** If the file ~/.emacs_NAME or ~/.emacs.d/init_NAME.scm (where NAME
2191 is the name of the Scheme interpreter) exists, its contents are sent
2192 to the Scheme subprocess upon startup.
2194 *** There are new commands to instruct the Scheme interpreter to trace
2195 procedure calls (`scheme-trace-procedure') and to expand syntactic forms
2196 (`scheme-expand-current-form'). The commands actually sent to the Scheme
2197 subprocess are controlled by the user options `scheme-trace-command',
2198 `scheme-untrace-command' and `scheme-expand-current-form'.
2201 ** Changes in Makefile mode
2203 *** Makefile mode has submodes for automake, gmake, makepp, BSD make and imake.
2205 The former two couldn't be differentiated before, and the latter three
2206 are new. Font-locking is robust now and offers new customizable
2209 *** The variable `makefile-query-one-target-method' has been renamed
2210 to `makefile-query-one-target-method-function'. The old name is still
2214 ** In Outline mode, `hide-body' no longer hides lines at the top
2215 of the file that precede the first header line.
2218 ** Telnet now prompts you for a port number with C-u M-x telnet.
2221 ** The terminal emulation code in term.el has been improved; it can
2222 run most curses applications now.
2225 ** M-x diff uses Diff mode instead of Compilation mode.
2228 ** Diff mode key bindings changed.
2230 These are the new bindings:
2232 C-c C-e diff-ediff-patch (old M-A)
2233 C-c C-n diff-restrict-view (old M-r)
2234 C-c C-r diff-reverse-direction (old M-R)
2235 C-c C-u diff-context->unified (old M-U)
2236 C-c C-w diff-refine-hunk (old C-c C-r)
2238 To convert unified to context format, use C-u C-c C-u.
2239 In addition, C-c C-u now operates on the region
2240 in Transient Mark mode when the mark is active.
2243 ** You can now customize `fill-nobreak-predicate' to control where
2244 filling can break lines. The value is now normally a list of
2245 functions, but it can also be a single function, for compatibility.
2247 Emacs provide two predicates, `fill-single-word-nobreak-p' and
2248 `fill-french-nobreak-p', for use as the value of
2249 `fill-nobreak-predicate'.
2252 ** M-x view-file and commands that use it now avoid interfering
2253 with special modes such as Tar mode.
2256 ** Commands `winner-redo' and `winner-undo', from winner.el, are now
2257 bound to C-c <left> and C-c <right>, respectively. This is an
2258 incompatible change.
2261 ** `global-whitespace-mode' is a new alias for `whitespace-global-mode'.
2264 ** M-x compare-windows now can automatically skip non-matching text to
2265 resync points in both windows.
2268 ** New user option `add-log-always-start-new-record'.
2270 When this option is enabled, M-x add-change-log-entry always
2271 starts a new record regardless of when the last record is.
2274 ** PO translation files are decoded according to their MIME headers
2275 when Emacs visits them.
2277 ** Info mode changes:
2280 *** A numeric prefix argument of `info' selects an Info buffer
2281 with the number appended to the `*info*' buffer name (e.g. "*info*<2>").
2284 *** isearch in Info uses Info-search and searches through multiple nodes.
2286 Before leaving the initial Info node isearch fails once with the error
2287 message [initial node], and with subsequent C-s/C-r continues through
2288 other nodes. When isearch fails for the rest of the manual, it wraps
2289 around the whole manual to the top/final node. The user option
2290 `Info-isearch-search' controls whether to use Info-search for isearch,
2291 or the default isearch search function that wraps around the current
2295 *** New search commands: `Info-search-case-sensitively' (bound to S),
2296 `Info-search-backward', and `Info-search-next' which repeats the last
2297 search without prompting for a new search string.
2300 *** New command `Info-history-forward' (bound to r and new toolbar icon)
2301 moves forward in history to the node you returned from after using
2302 `Info-history-back' (renamed from `Info-last').
2305 *** New command `Info-history' (bound to L) displays a menu of visited nodes.
2308 *** New command `Info-toc' (bound to T) creates a node with table of contents
2309 from the tree structure of menus of the current Info file.
2312 *** New command `info-apropos' searches the indices of the known
2313 Info files on your system for a string, and builds a menu of the
2317 *** New command `Info-copy-current-node-name' (bound to w) copies
2318 the current Info node name into the kill ring. With a zero prefix
2319 arg, puts the node name inside the `info' function call.
2322 *** New face `info-xref-visited' distinguishes visited nodes from unvisited
2323 and a new option `Info-fontify-visited-nodes' to control this.
2326 *** http and ftp links in Info are now operational: they look like cross
2327 references and following them calls `browse-url'.
2330 *** Info now hides node names in menus and cross references by default.
2332 If you prefer the old behavior, you can set the new user option
2333 `Info-hide-note-references' to nil.
2336 *** Images in Info pages are supported.
2338 Info pages show embedded images, in Emacs frames with image support.
2339 Info documentation that includes images, processed with makeinfo
2340 version 4.7 or newer, compiles to Info pages with embedded images.
2343 *** The default value for `Info-scroll-prefer-subnodes' is now nil.
2346 *** `Info-index' offers completion.
2348 ** Lisp mode changes:
2351 *** Lisp mode now uses `font-lock-doc-face' for doc strings.
2354 *** C-u C-M-q in Emacs Lisp mode pretty-prints the list after point.
2356 *** New features in evaluation commands
2359 **** The function `eval-defun' (C-M-x) called on defface reinitializes
2360 the face to the value specified in the defface expression.
2363 **** Typing C-x C-e twice prints the value of the integer result
2364 in additional formats (octal, hexadecimal, character) specified
2365 by the new function `eval-expression-print-format'. The same
2366 function also defines the result format for `eval-expression' (M-:),
2367 `eval-print-last-sexp' (C-j) and some edebug evaluation functions.
2372 *** The CC Mode manual has been extensively revised.
2373 The information about using CC Mode has been separated from the larger
2374 and more difficult chapters about configuration.
2376 *** Changes in Key Sequences
2377 **** c-toggle-auto-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-t.
2379 **** c-toggle-hungry-state is no longer bound to C-c C-d.
2380 This binding has been taken over by c-hungry-delete-forwards.
2382 **** c-toggle-auto-state (C-c C-t) has been renamed to c-toggle-auto-newline.
2383 c-toggle-auto-state remains as an alias.
2385 **** The new commands c-hungry-backspace and c-hungry-delete-forwards
2386 have key bindings C-c C-DEL (or C-c DEL, for the benefit of TTYs) and
2387 C-c C-d (or C-c C-<delete> or C-c <delete>) respectively. These
2388 commands delete entire blocks of whitespace with a single
2389 key-sequence. [N.B. "DEL" is the <backspace> key.]
2391 **** The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l.
2393 **** The new command c-subword-mode is bound to C-c C-w.
2395 *** C-c C-s (`c-show-syntactic-information') now highlights the anchor
2399 **** Electric Minor Mode toggles the electric action of non-alphabetic keys.
2400 The new command c-toggle-electric-mode is bound to C-c C-l. Turning the
2401 mode off can be helpful for editing chaotically indented code and for
2402 users new to CC Mode, who sometimes find electric indentation
2403 disconcerting. Its current state is displayed in the mode line with an
2406 **** Subword Minor Mode makes Emacs recognize word boundaries at upper case
2407 letters in StudlyCapsIdentifiers. You enable this feature by C-c C-w. It can
2408 also be used in non-CC Mode buffers. :-) Contributed by Masatake YAMATO.
2412 **** `comment-close-slash'.
2413 With this clean-up, a block (i.e. c-style) comment can be terminated by
2414 typing a slash at the start of a line.
2416 **** `c-one-liner-defun'
2417 This clean-up compresses a short enough defun (for example, an AWK
2418 pattern/action pair) onto a single line. "Short enough" is configurable.
2420 *** Font lock support.
2421 CC Mode now provides font lock support for all its languages. This
2422 supersedes the font lock patterns that have been in the core font lock
2423 package for C, C++, Java and Objective-C. Like indentation, font
2424 locking is done in a uniform way across all languages (except the new
2425 AWK mode - see below). That means that the new font locking will be
2426 different from the old patterns in various details for most languages.
2428 The main goal of the font locking in CC Mode is accuracy, to provide a
2429 dependable aid in recognizing the various constructs. Some, like
2430 strings and comments, are easy to recognize while others like
2431 declarations and types can be very tricky. CC Mode can go to great
2432 lengths to recognize declarations and casts correctly, especially when
2433 the types aren't recognized by standard patterns. This is a fairly
2434 demanding analysis which can be slow on older hardware, and it can
2435 therefore be disabled by choosing a lower decoration level with the
2436 variable font-lock-maximum-decoration.
2438 Note that the most demanding font lock level has been tuned with lazy
2439 fontification in mind; Just-In-Time-Lock mode should be enabled for
2440 the highest font lock level (by default, it is). Fontifying a file
2441 with several thousand lines in one go can take the better part of a
2444 **** The (c|c++|objc|java|idl|pike)-font-lock-extra-types variables
2445 are now used by CC Mode to recognize identifiers that are certain to
2446 be types. (They are also used in cases that aren't related to font
2447 locking.) At the maximum decoration level, types are often recognized
2448 properly anyway, so these variables should be fairly restrictive and
2449 not contain patterns for uncertain types.
2451 **** Support for documentation comments.
2452 There is a "plugin" system to fontify documentation comments like
2453 Javadoc and the markup within them. It's independent of the host
2454 language, so it's possible to e.g. turn on Javadoc font locking in C
2455 buffers. See the variable c-doc-comment-style for details.
2457 Currently three kinds of doc comment styles are recognized: Sun's
2458 Javadoc, Autodoc (which is used in Pike) and GtkDoc (used in C). (The
2459 last was contributed by Masatake YAMATO). This is by no means a
2460 complete list of the most common tools; if your doc comment extractor
2461 of choice is missing then please drop a note to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2463 **** Better handling of C++ templates.
2464 As a side effect of the more accurate font locking, C++ templates are
2465 now handled much better. The angle brackets that delimit them are
2466 given parenthesis syntax so that they can be navigated like other
2469 This also improves indentation of templates, although there still is
2470 work to be done in that area. E.g. it's required that multiline
2471 template clauses are written in full and then refontified to be
2472 recognized, and the indentation of nested templates is a bit odd and
2473 not as configurable as it ought to be.
2475 **** Improved handling of Objective-C and CORBA IDL.
2476 Especially the support for Objective-C and IDL has gotten an overhaul.
2477 The special "@" declarations in Objective-C are handled correctly.
2478 All the keywords used in CORBA IDL, PSDL, and CIDL are recognized and
2479 handled correctly, also wrt indentation.
2481 *** Support for the AWK language.
2482 Support for the AWK language has been introduced. The implementation is
2483 based around GNU AWK version 3.1, but it should work pretty well with
2484 any AWK. As yet, not all features of CC Mode have been adapted for AWK.
2487 **** Indentation Engine
2488 The CC Mode indentation engine fully supports AWK mode.
2490 AWK mode handles code formatted in the conventional AWK fashion: `{'s
2491 which start actions, user-defined functions, or compound statements are
2492 placed on the same line as the associated construct; the matching `}'s
2493 are normally placed under the start of the respective pattern, function
2494 definition, or structured statement.
2496 The predefined line-up functions haven't yet been adapted for AWK
2497 mode, though some of them may work serendipitously. There shouldn't
2498 be any problems writing custom indentation functions for AWK mode.
2501 There is a single level of font locking in AWK mode, rather than the
2502 three distinct levels the other modes have. There are several
2503 idiosyncrasies in AWK mode's font-locking due to the peculiarities of
2504 the AWK language itself.
2506 **** Comment and Movement Commands
2507 These commands all work for AWK buffers. The notion of "defun" has
2508 been augmented to include AWK pattern-action pairs - the standard
2509 "defun" commands on key sequences C-M-a, C-M-e, and C-M-h use this
2510 extended definition.
2512 **** "awk" style, Auto-newline Insertion and Clean-ups
2513 A new style, "awk" has been introduced, and this is now the default
2514 style for AWK code. With auto-newline enabled, the clean-up
2515 c-one-liner-defun (see above) is useful.
2517 *** New syntactic symbols in IDL mode.
2518 The top level constructs "module" and "composition" (from CIDL) are
2519 now handled like "namespace" in C++: They are given syntactic symbols
2520 module-open, module-close, inmodule, composition-open,
2521 composition-close, and incomposition.
2523 *** New functions to do hungry delete without enabling hungry delete mode.
2524 The new functions `c-hungry-backspace' and `c-hungry-delete-forward'
2525 provide hungry deletion without having to toggle a mode. They are
2526 bound to C-c C-DEL and C-c C-d (and several variants, for the benefit
2527 of different keyboard setups. See "Changes in key sequences" above).
2529 *** Better control over `require-final-newline'.
2531 The variable `c-require-final-newline' specifies which of the modes
2532 implemented by CC mode should insert final newlines. Its value is a
2533 list of modes, and only those modes should do it. By default the list
2534 includes C, C++ and Objective-C modes.
2536 Whichever modes are in this list will set `require-final-newline'
2537 based on `mode-require-final-newline'.
2539 *** Format change for syntactic context elements.
2541 The elements in the syntactic context returned by `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2542 and stored in `c-syntactic-context' has been changed somewhat to allow
2543 attaching more information. They are now lists instead of single cons
2544 cells. E.g. a line that previously had the syntactic analysis
2546 ((inclass . 11) (topmost-intro . 13))
2550 ((inclass 11) (topmost-intro 13))
2552 In some cases there are more than one position given for a syntactic
2555 This change might affect code that calls `c-guess-basic-syntax'
2556 directly, and custom lineup functions if they use
2557 `c-syntactic-context'. However, the argument given to lineup
2558 functions is still a single cons cell with nil or an integer in the
2561 *** API changes for derived modes.
2563 There have been extensive changes "under the hood" which can affect
2564 derived mode writers. Some of these changes are likely to cause
2565 incompatibilities with existing derived modes, but on the other hand
2566 care has now been taken to make it possible to extend and modify CC
2567 Mode with less risk of such problems in the future.
2569 **** New language variable system.
2570 These are variables whose values vary between CC Mode's different
2571 languages. See the comment blurb near the top of cc-langs.el.
2573 **** New initialization functions.
2574 The initialization procedure has been split up into more functions to
2575 give better control: `c-basic-common-init', `c-font-lock-init', and
2576 `c-init-language-vars'.
2578 *** Changes in analysis of nested syntactic constructs.
2579 The syntactic analysis engine has better handling of cases where
2580 several syntactic constructs appear nested on the same line. They are
2581 now handled as if each construct started on a line of its own.
2583 This means that CC Mode now indents some cases differently, and
2584 although it's more consistent there might be cases where the old way
2585 gave results that's more to one's liking. So if you find a situation
2586 where you think that the indentation has become worse, please report
2587 it to bug-cc-mode@gnu.org.
2589 **** New syntactic symbol substatement-label.
2590 This symbol is used when a label is inserted between a statement and
2591 its substatement. E.g:
2597 *** Better handling of multiline macros.
2599 **** Syntactic indentation inside macros.
2600 The contents of multiline #define's are now analyzed and indented
2601 syntactically just like other code. This can be disabled by the new
2602 variable `c-syntactic-indentation-in-macros'. A new syntactic symbol
2603 `cpp-define-intro' has been added to control the initial indentation
2606 **** New lineup function `c-lineup-cpp-define'.
2608 Now used by default to line up macro continuation lines. The behavior
2609 of this function closely mimics the indentation one gets if the macro
2610 is indented while the line continuation backslashes are temporarily
2611 removed. If syntactic indentation in macros is turned off, it works
2612 much line `c-lineup-dont-change', which was used earlier, but handles
2613 empty lines within the macro better.
2615 **** Automatically inserted newlines continues the macro if used within one.
2616 This applies to the newlines inserted by the auto-newline mode, and to
2617 `c-context-line-break' and `c-context-open-line'.
2619 **** Better alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2620 `c-backslash-region' tries to adapt to surrounding backslashes. New
2621 variable `c-backslash-max-column' puts a limit on how far out
2622 backslashes can be moved.
2624 **** Automatic alignment of line continuation backslashes.
2625 This is controlled by the new variable `c-auto-align-backslashes'. It
2626 affects `c-context-line-break', `c-context-open-line' and newlines
2627 inserted in Auto-Newline mode.
2629 **** Line indentation works better inside macros.
2630 Regardless whether syntactic indentation and syntactic indentation
2631 inside macros are enabled or not, line indentation now ignores the
2632 line continuation backslashes. This is most noticeable when syntactic
2633 indentation is turned off and there are empty lines (save for the
2634 backslash) in the macro.
2636 *** indent-for-comment is more customizable.
2637 The behavior of M-; (indent-for-comment) is now configurable through
2638 the variable `c-indent-comment-alist'. The indentation behavior is
2639 based on the preceding code on the line, e.g. to get two spaces after
2640 #else and #endif but indentation to `comment-column' in most other
2641 cases (something which was hardcoded earlier).
2643 *** New function `c-context-open-line'.
2644 It's the open-line equivalent of `c-context-line-break'.
2646 *** New lineup functions
2648 **** `c-lineup-string-cont'
2649 This lineup function lines up a continued string under the one it
2652 result = prefix + "A message "
2653 "string."; <- c-lineup-string-cont
2655 **** `c-lineup-cascaded-calls'
2656 Lines up series of calls separated by "->" or ".".
2658 **** `c-lineup-knr-region-comment'
2659 Gives (what most people think is) better indentation of comments in
2660 the "K&R region" between the function header and its body.
2662 **** `c-lineup-gcc-asm-reg'
2663 Provides better indentation inside asm blocks.
2665 **** `c-lineup-argcont'
2666 Lines up continued function arguments after the preceding comma.
2668 *** Better caching of the syntactic context.
2669 CC Mode caches the positions of the opening parentheses (of any kind)
2670 of the lists surrounding the point. Those positions are used in many
2671 places as anchor points for various searches. The cache is now
2672 improved so that it can be reused to a large extent when the point is
2673 moved. The less it moves, the less needs to be recalculated.
2675 The effect is that CC Mode should be fast most of the time even when
2676 opening parens are hung (i.e. aren't in column zero). It's typically
2677 only the first time after the point is moved far down in a complex
2678 file that it'll take noticeable time to find out the syntactic
2681 *** Statements are recognized in a more robust way.
2682 Statements are recognized most of the time even when they occur in an
2683 "invalid" context, e.g. in a function argument. In practice that can
2684 happen when macros are involved.
2686 *** Improved the way `c-indent-exp' chooses the block to indent.
2687 It now indents the block for the closest sexp following the point
2688 whose closing paren ends on a different line. This means that the
2689 point doesn't have to be immediately before the block to indent.
2690 Also, only the block and the closing line is indented; the current
2691 line is left untouched.
2693 *** Added toggle for syntactic indentation.
2694 The function `c-toggle-syntactic-indentation' can be used to toggle
2695 syntactic indentation.
2697 ** In sh-script, a continuation line is only indented if the backslash was
2698 preceded by a SPC or a TAB.
2701 ** Perl mode has a new variable `perl-indent-continued-arguments'.
2704 ** The old Octave mode bindings C-c f and C-c i have been changed
2705 to C-c C-f and C-c C-i. The C-c C-i subcommands now have duplicate
2706 bindings on control characters--thus, C-c C-i C-b is the same as
2707 C-c C-i b, and so on.
2709 ** Fortran mode changes:
2712 *** Fortran mode does more font-locking by default. Use level 3
2713 highlighting for the old default.
2716 *** Fortran mode has a new variable `fortran-directive-re'.
2717 Adapt this to match the format of any compiler directives you use.
2718 Lines that match are never indented, and are given distinctive font-locking.
2721 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have new navigation commands
2722 `f90-end-of-block', `f90-beginning-of-block', `f90-next-block',
2723 `f90-previous-block', `fortran-end-of-block',
2724 `fortran-beginning-of-block'.
2727 *** F90 mode and Fortran mode have support for `hs-minor-mode' (hideshow).
2728 It cannot deal with every code format, but ought to handle a sizeable
2732 *** The new function `f90-backslash-not-special' can be used to change
2733 the syntax of backslashes in F90 buffers.
2736 ** Reftex mode changes
2739 *** Changes to RefTeX's table of contents
2741 The new command keys "<" and ">" in the TOC buffer promote/demote the
2742 section at point or all sections in the current region, with full
2743 support for multifile documents.
2745 The new command `reftex-toc-recenter' (`C-c -') shows the current
2746 section in the TOC buffer without selecting the TOC window.
2747 Recentering can happen automatically in idle time when the option
2748 `reftex-auto-recenter-toc' is turned on. The highlight in the TOC
2749 buffer stays when the focus moves to a different window. A dedicated
2750 frame can show the TOC with the current section always automatically
2751 highlighted. The frame is created and deleted from the toc buffer
2754 The toc window can be split off horizontally instead of vertically.
2755 See new option `reftex-toc-split-windows-horizontally'.
2757 Labels can be renamed globally from the table of contents using the
2760 The new command `reftex-goto-label' jumps directly to a label
2764 *** Changes related to citations and BibTeX database files
2766 Commands that insert a citation now prompt for optional arguments when
2767 called with a prefix argument. Related new options are
2768 `reftex-cite-prompt-optional-args' and `reftex-cite-cleanup-optional-args'.
2770 The new command `reftex-create-bibtex-file' creates a BibTeX database
2771 with all entries referenced in the current document. The keys "e" and
2772 "E" allow to produce a BibTeX database file from entries marked in a
2773 citation selection buffer.
2775 The command `reftex-citation' uses the word in the buffer before the
2776 cursor as a default search string.
2778 The support for chapterbib has been improved. Different chapters can
2779 now use BibTeX or an explicit `thebibliography' environment.
2781 The macros which specify the bibliography file (like \bibliography)
2782 can be configured with the new option `reftex-bibliography-commands'.
2784 Support for jurabib has been added.
2787 *** Global index matched may be verified with a user function
2789 During global indexing, a user function can verify an index match.
2790 See new option `reftex-index-verify-function'.
2793 *** Parsing documents with many labels can be sped up.
2795 Operating in a document with thousands of labels can be sped up
2796 considerably by allowing RefTeX to derive the type of a label directly
2797 from the label prefix like `eq:' or `fig:'. The option
2798 `reftex-trust-label-prefix' needs to be configured in order to enable
2799 this feature. While the speed-up is significant, this may reduce the
2800 quality of the context offered by RefTeX to describe a label.
2803 *** Miscellaneous changes
2805 The macros which input a file in LaTeX (like \input, \include) can be
2806 configured in the new option `reftex-include-file-commands'.
2808 RefTeX supports global incremental search.
2811 ** Prolog mode has a new variable `prolog-font-lock-keywords'
2812 to support use of font-lock.
2814 ** HTML/SGML changes:
2817 *** Emacs now tries to set up buffer coding systems for HTML/XML files
2821 *** SGML mode has indentation and supports XML syntax.
2822 The new variable `sgml-xml-mode' tells SGML mode to use XML syntax.
2823 When this option is enabled, SGML tags are inserted in XML style,
2824 i.e., there is always a closing tag.
2825 By default, its setting is inferred on a buffer-by-buffer basis
2826 from the file name or buffer contents.
2828 *** The variable `sgml-transformation' has been renamed to
2829 `sgml-transformation-function'. The old name is still available as
2833 *** `xml-mode' is now an alias for `sgml-mode', which has XML support.
2838 *** C-c C-c prompts for a command to run, and tries to offer a good default.
2841 *** The user option `tex-start-options-string' has been replaced
2842 by two new user options: `tex-start-options', which should hold
2843 command-line options to feed to TeX, and `tex-start-commands' which should hold
2844 TeX commands to use at startup.
2847 *** verbatim environments are now highlighted in courier by font-lock
2848 and super/sub-scripts are made into super/sub-scripts.
2851 *** New major mode Doctex mode, for *.dtx files.
2855 *** The new command `bibtex-url' browses a URL for the BibTeX entry at
2856 point (bound to C-c C-l and mouse-2, RET on clickable fields).
2858 *** The new command `bibtex-entry-update' (bound to C-c C-u) updates
2859 an existing BibTeX entry by inserting fields that may occur but are not
2862 *** New `bibtex-entry-format' option `required-fields', enabled by default.
2864 *** `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' can take values `plain',
2865 `crossref', and `entry-class' which control the sorting scheme used
2866 for BibTeX entries. `bibtex-sort-entry-class' controls the sorting
2867 scheme `entry-class'. TAB completion for reference keys and
2868 automatic detection of duplicates does not require anymore that
2869 `bibtex-maintain-sorted-entries' is non-nil.
2871 *** If the new variable `bibtex-parse-keys-fast' is non-nil,
2872 use fast but simplified algorithm for parsing BibTeX keys.
2874 *** If the new variable `bibtex-autoadd-commas' is non-nil,
2875 automatically add missing commas at end of BibTeX fields.
2877 *** The new variable `bibtex-autofill-types' contains a list of entry
2878 types for which fields are filled automatically (if possible).
2880 *** The new command `bibtex-complete' completes word fragment before
2881 point according to context (bound to M-tab).
2883 *** The new commands `bibtex-find-entry' and `bibtex-find-crossref'
2884 locate entries and crossref'd entries (bound to C-c C-s and C-c C-x).
2885 Crossref fields are clickable (bound to mouse-2, RET).
2887 *** In BibTeX mode the command `fill-paragraph' (M-q) fills
2888 individual fields of a BibTeX entry.
2890 *** The new variables `bibtex-files' and `bibtex-file-path' define a set
2891 of BibTeX files that are searched for entry keys.
2893 *** The new command `bibtex-validate-globally' checks for duplicate keys
2894 in multiple BibTeX files.
2896 *** The new command `bibtex-copy-summary-as-kill' pushes summary
2897 of BibTeX entry to kill ring (bound to C-c C-t).
2899 *** The new variables bibtex-expand-strings and
2900 bibtex-autokey-expand-strings control the expansion of strings when
2901 extracting the content of a BibTeX field.
2903 *** The variables `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert' and
2904 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert' have been renamed to
2905 `bibtex-autokey-name-case-convert-function' and
2906 `bibtex-autokey-titleword-case-convert-function'. The old names are
2907 still available as aliases.
2909 ** In Artist mode the variable `artist-text-renderer' has been
2910 renamed to `artist-text-renderer-function'. The old name is still
2914 ** In Enriched mode, `set-left-margin' and `set-right-margin' are now
2915 by default bound to `C-c [' and `C-c ]' instead of the former `C-c C-l'
2921 *** In GUD mode, when talking to GDB, C-x C-a C-j "jumps" the program
2922 counter to the specified source line (the one where point is).
2925 *** GUD mode has its own tool bar for controlling execution of the inferior
2926 and other common debugger commands.
2929 *** The new package gdb-ui.el provides an enhanced graphical interface to
2930 GDB. You can interact with GDB through the GUD buffer in the usual way, but
2931 there are also further buffers which control the execution and describe the
2932 state of your program. It can separate the input/output of your program from
2933 that of GDB and watches expressions in the speedbar. It also uses features of
2934 Emacs 21/22 such as the toolbar, and bitmaps in the fringe to indicate
2937 To use this package just type M-x gdb. See the Emacs manual if you want the
2940 *** The variable tooltip-gud-tips-p has been removed. GUD tooltips can now be
2941 toggled independently of normal tooltips with the minor mode
2945 *** In graphical mode, with a C program, GUD Tooltips have been extended to
2946 display the #define directive associated with an identifier when program is
2950 ** GUD mode improvements for jdb:
2952 *** Search for source files using jdb classpath and class information.
2953 Fast startup since there is no need to scan all source files up front.
2954 There is also no need to create and maintain lists of source
2955 directories to scan. Look at `gud-jdb-use-classpath' and
2956 `gud-jdb-classpath' customization variables documentation.
2958 *** Supports the standard breakpoint (gud-break, gud-clear)
2959 set/clear operations from Java source files under the classpath, stack
2960 traversal (gud-up, gud-down), and run until current stack finish
2963 *** Supports new jdb (Java 1.2 and later) in addition to oldjdb
2966 *** The previous method of searching for source files has been
2967 preserved in case someone still wants/needs to use it.
2968 Set `gud-jdb-use-classpath' to nil.
2970 *** Added Customization Variables
2972 **** `gud-jdb-command-name'. What command line to use to invoke jdb.
2974 **** `gud-jdb-use-classpath'. Allows selection of java source file searching
2975 method: set to t for new method, nil to scan `gud-jdb-directories' for
2976 java sources (previous method).
2978 **** `gud-jdb-directories'. List of directories to scan and search for Java
2979 classes using the original gud-jdb method (if `gud-jdb-use-classpath'
2982 *** Minor Improvements
2984 **** The STARTTLS wrapper (starttls.el) can now use GNUTLS
2985 instead of the OpenSSL based `starttls' tool. For backwards
2986 compatibility, it prefers `starttls', but you can toggle
2987 `starttls-use-gnutls' to switch to GNUTLS (or simply remove the
2990 **** Do not allow debugger output history variable to grow without bounds.
2992 ** Auto-Revert changes:
2995 *** You can now use Auto Revert mode to `tail' a file.
2997 If point is at the end of a file buffer before reverting, Auto Revert
2998 mode keeps it at the end after reverting. Similarly if point is
2999 displayed at the end of a file buffer in any window, it stays at
3000 the end of the buffer in that window. This allows to tail a file:
3001 just put point at the end of the buffer and it stays there. This
3002 rule applies to file buffers. For non-file buffers, the behavior can
3005 If you are sure that the file will only change by growing at the end,
3006 then you can tail the file more efficiently by using the new minor
3007 mode Auto Revert Tail mode. The function `auto-revert-tail-mode'
3011 *** Auto Revert mode is now more careful to avoid excessive reverts and
3012 other potential problems when deciding which non-file buffers to
3013 revert. This matters especially if Global Auto Revert mode is enabled
3014 and `global-auto-revert-non-file-buffers' is non-nil. Auto Revert
3015 mode only reverts a non-file buffer if the buffer has a non-nil
3016 `revert-buffer-function' and a non-nil `buffer-stale-function', which
3017 decides whether the buffer should be reverted. Currently, this means
3018 that auto reverting works for Dired buffers (although this may not
3019 work properly on all operating systems) and for the Buffer Menu.
3022 *** If the new user option `auto-revert-check-vc-info' is non-nil, Auto
3023 Revert mode reliably updates version control info (such as the version
3024 control number in the mode line), in all version controlled buffers in
3025 which it is active. If the option is nil, the default, then this info
3026 only gets updated whenever the buffer gets reverted.
3031 The recent file list is now automatically cleaned up when recentf mode is
3032 enabled. The new option `recentf-auto-cleanup' controls when to do
3035 The ten most recent files can be quickly opened by using the shortcut
3036 keys 1 to 9, and 0, when the recent list is displayed in a buffer via
3037 the `recentf-open-files', or `recentf-open-more-files' commands.
3039 The `recentf-keep' option replaces `recentf-keep-non-readable-files-p'
3040 and provides a more general mechanism to customize which file names to
3041 keep in the recent list.
3043 With the more advanced option `recentf-filename-handlers', you can
3044 specify functions that successively transform recent file names. For
3045 example, if set to `file-truename' plus `abbreviate-file-name', the
3046 same file will not be in the recent list with different symbolic
3047 links, and the file name will be abbreviated.
3049 To follow naming convention, `recentf-menu-append-commands-flag'
3050 replaces the misnamed option `recentf-menu-append-commands-p'. The
3051 old name remains available as alias, but has been marked obsolete.
3057 *** Desktop saving is now a minor mode, `desktop-save-mode'.
3060 *** The variable `desktop-enable' is obsolete.
3062 Customize `desktop-save-mode' to enable desktop saving.
3065 *** Buffers are saved in the desktop file in the same order as that in the
3069 *** The desktop package can be customized to restore only some buffers
3070 immediately, remaining buffers are restored lazily (when Emacs is
3075 - desktop-revert reverts to the last loaded desktop.
3076 - desktop-change-dir kills current desktop and loads a new.
3077 - desktop-save-in-desktop-dir saves desktop in the directory from which
3079 - desktop-lazy-complete runs the desktop load to completion.
3080 - desktop-lazy-abort aborts lazy loading of the desktop.
3083 *** New customizable variables:
3084 - desktop-save. Determines whether the desktop should be saved when it is
3086 - desktop-file-name-format. Format in which desktop file names should be saved.
3087 - desktop-path. List of directories in which to lookup the desktop file.
3088 - desktop-locals-to-save. List of local variables to save.
3089 - desktop-globals-to-clear. List of global variables that `desktop-clear' will clear.
3090 - desktop-clear-preserve-buffers-regexp. Regexp identifying buffers that `desktop-clear'
3092 - desktop-restore-eager. Number of buffers to restore immediately. Remaining buffers are
3093 restored lazily (when Emacs is idle).
3094 - desktop-lazy-verbose. Verbose reporting of lazily created buffers.
3095 - desktop-lazy-idle-delay. Idle delay before starting to create buffers.
3098 *** New command line option --no-desktop
3102 - desktop-after-read-hook run after a desktop is loaded.
3103 - desktop-no-desktop-file-hook run when no desktop file is found.
3106 ** The saveplace.el package now filters out unreadable files.
3108 When you exit Emacs, the saved positions in visited files no longer
3109 include files that aren't readable, e.g. files that don't exist.
3110 Customize the new option `save-place-forget-unreadable-files' to nil
3111 to get the old behavior. The new options `save-place-save-skipped'
3112 and `save-place-skip-check-regexp' allow further fine-tuning of this
3118 *** When comparing directories.
3119 Typing D brings up a buffer that lists the differences between the contents of
3120 directories. Now it is possible to use this buffer to copy the missing files
3121 from one directory to another.
3124 *** When comparing files or buffers.
3125 Typing the = key now offers to perform the word-by-word comparison of the
3126 currently highlighted regions in an inferior Ediff session. If you answer 'n'
3127 then it reverts to the old behavior and asks the user to select regions for
3131 *** The new command `ediff-backup' compares a file with its most recent
3132 backup using `ediff'. If you specify the name of a backup file,
3133 `ediff-backup' compares it with the file of which it is a backup.
3138 *** New regular expressions features
3140 **** New syntax for regular expressions, multi-line regular expressions.
3142 The syntax --ignore-case-regexp=/regex/ is now undocumented and retained
3143 only for backward compatibility. The new equivalent syntax is
3144 --regex=/regex/i. More generally, it is --regex=/TAGREGEX/TAGNAME/MODS,
3145 where `/TAGNAME' is optional, as usual, and MODS is a string of 0 or
3146 more characters among `i' (ignore case), `m' (multi-line) and `s'
3147 (single-line). The `m' and `s' modifiers behave as in Perl regular
3148 expressions: `m' allows regexps to match more than one line, while `s'
3149 (which implies `m') means that `.' matches newlines. The ability to
3150 span newlines allows writing of much more powerful regular expressions
3151 and rapid prototyping for tagging new languages.
3153 **** Regular expressions can use char escape sequences as in GCC.
3155 The escaped character sequence \a, \b, \d, \e, \f, \n, \r, \t, \v,
3156 respectively, stand for the ASCII characters BEL, BS, DEL, ESC, FF, NL,
3159 **** Regular expressions can be bound to a given language.
3161 The syntax --regex={LANGUAGE}REGEX means that REGEX is used to make tags
3162 only for files of language LANGUAGE, and ignored otherwise. This is
3163 particularly useful when storing regexps in a file.
3165 **** Regular expressions can be read from a file.
3167 The --regex=@regexfile option means read the regexps from a file, one
3168 per line. Lines beginning with space or tab are ignored.
3170 *** New language parsing features
3172 **** The `::' qualifier triggers C++ parsing in C file.
3174 Previously, only the `template' and `class' keywords had this effect.
3176 **** The GCC __attribute__ keyword is now recognized and ignored.
3178 **** New language HTML.
3180 Tags are generated for `title' as well as `h1', `h2', and `h3'. Also,
3181 when `name=' is used inside an anchor and whenever `id=' is used.
3183 **** In Makefiles, constants are tagged.
3185 If you want the old behavior instead, thus avoiding to increase the
3186 size of the tags file, use the --no-globals option.
3188 **** New language Lua.
3190 All functions are tagged.
3192 **** In Perl, packages are tags.
3194 Subroutine tags are named from their package. You can jump to sub tags
3195 as you did before, by the sub name, or additionally by looking for
3198 **** In Prolog, etags creates tags for rules in addition to predicates.
3200 **** New language PHP.
3202 Functions, classes and defines are tags. If the --members option is
3203 specified to etags, variables are tags also.
3205 **** New default keywords for TeX.
3207 The new keywords are def, newcommand, renewcommand, newenvironment and
3210 **** In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for #undef
3212 *** Honor #line directives.
3214 When Etags parses an input file that contains C preprocessor's #line
3215 directives, it creates tags using the file name and line number
3216 specified in those directives. This is useful when dealing with code
3217 created from Cweb source files. When Etags tags the generated file, it
3218 writes tags pointing to the source file.
3220 *** New option --parse-stdin=FILE.
3222 This option is mostly useful when calling etags from programs. It can
3223 be used (only once) in place of a file name on the command line. Etags
3224 reads from standard input and marks the produced tags as belonging to
3227 *** The --members option is now the default.
3229 Use --no-members if you want the old default behaviour of not tagging
3230 struct members in C, members variables in C++ and variables in PHP.
3234 *** Ctags now allows duplicate tags
3239 *** The key C-x C-q only changes the read-only state of the buffer
3240 (toggle-read-only). It no longer checks files in or out.
3242 We made this change because we held a poll and found that many users
3243 were unhappy with the previous behavior. If you do prefer this
3244 behavior, you can bind `vc-toggle-read-only' to C-x C-q in your
3247 (global-set-key "\C-x\C-q" 'vc-toggle-read-only)
3249 The function `vc-toggle-read-only' will continue to exist.
3252 *** The new variable `vc-cvs-global-switches' specifies switches that
3253 are passed to any CVS command invoked by VC.
3255 These switches are used as "global options" for CVS, which means they
3256 are inserted before the command name. For example, this allows you to
3257 specify a compression level using the `-z#' option for CVS.
3260 *** New backends for Subversion and Meta-CVS.
3263 *** VC-Annotate mode enhancements
3265 In VC-Annotate mode, you can now use the following key bindings for
3266 enhanced functionality to browse the annotations of past revisions, or
3267 to view diffs or log entries directly from vc-annotate-mode:
3269 P: annotates the previous revision
3270 N: annotates the next revision
3271 J: annotates the revision at line
3272 A: annotates the revision previous to line
3273 D: shows the diff of the revision at line with its previous revision
3274 L: shows the log of the revision at line
3275 W: annotates the workfile (most up to date) version
3280 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d y' command to view the diffs
3281 between the local version of the file and yesterday's head revision
3285 *** In pcl-cvs mode, there is a new `d r' command to view the changes
3286 anyone has committed to the repository since you last executed
3287 `checkout', `update' or `commit'. That means using cvs diff options
3291 ** The new variable `mail-default-directory' specifies
3292 `default-directory' for mail buffers. This directory is used for
3293 auto-save files of mail buffers. It defaults to "~/".
3296 ** The mode line can indicate new mail in a directory or file.
3298 See the documentation of the user option
3299 `display-time-mail-directory'.
3304 *** Rmail now displays 5-digit message ids in its summary buffer.
3306 *** The new commands rmail-end-of-message and rmail-summary end-of-message,
3307 by default bound to `/', go to the end of the current mail message in
3308 Rmail and Rmail summary buffers.
3311 *** Support for `movemail' from GNU mailutils was added to Rmail.
3313 This version of `movemail' allows to read mail from a wide range of
3314 mailbox formats, including remote POP3 and IMAP4 mailboxes with or
3315 without TLS encryption. If GNU mailutils is installed on the system
3316 and its version of `movemail' can be found in exec-path, it will be
3317 used instead of the native one.
3322 *** Gnus now includes Sieve and PGG
3324 Sieve is a library for managing Sieve scripts. PGG is a library to handle
3328 *** There are many news features, bug fixes and improvements.
3330 See the file GNUS-NEWS or the node "Oort Gnus" in the Gnus manual for details.
3335 Upgraded to MH-E version 8.0.3. There have been major changes since
3336 version 5.0.2; see MH-E-NEWS for details.
3338 ** Calendar changes:
3341 *** The meanings of C-x < and C-x > have been interchanged.
3342 < means to scroll backward in time, and > means to scroll forward.
3345 *** You can now use < and >, instead of C-x < and C-x >, to scroll
3346 the calendar left or right.
3349 *** There is a new calendar package, icalendar.el, that can be used to
3350 convert Emacs diary entries to/from the iCalendar format.
3353 *** The new package cal-html.el writes HTML files with calendar and
3357 *** Diary sexp entries can have custom marking in the calendar.
3358 Diary sexp functions which only apply to certain days (such as
3359 `diary-block' or `diary-cyclic') now take an optional parameter MARK,
3360 which is the name of a face or a single-character string indicating
3361 how to highlight the day in the calendar display. Specifying a
3362 single-character string as @var{mark} places the character next to the
3363 day in the calendar. Specifying a face highlights the day with that
3364 face. This lets you have different colors or markings for vacations,
3365 appointments, paydays or anything else using a sexp.
3368 *** The new function `calendar-goto-day-of-year' (g D) prompts for a
3369 year and day number, and moves to that date. Negative day numbers
3370 count backward from the end of the year.
3373 *** The new Calendar function `calendar-goto-iso-week' (g w)
3374 prompts for a year and a week number, and moves to the first
3375 day of that ISO week.
3378 *** The new variable `calendar-minimum-window-height' affects the
3379 window generated by the function `generate-calendar-window'.
3382 *** The functions `holiday-easter-etc' and `holiday-advent' now take
3383 optional arguments, in order to only report on the specified holiday
3384 rather than all. This makes customization of variables such as
3385 `christian-holidays' simpler.
3388 *** The function `simple-diary-display' now by default sets a header line.
3389 This can be controlled through the variables `diary-header-line-flag'
3390 and `diary-header-line-format'.
3393 *** The procedure for activating appointment reminders has changed:
3394 use the new function `appt-activate'. The new variable
3395 `appt-display-format' controls how reminders are displayed, replacing
3396 `appt-issue-message', `appt-visible', and `appt-msg-window'.
3399 *** The new functions `diary-from-outlook', `diary-from-outlook-gnus',
3400 and `diary-from-outlook-rmail' can be used to import diary entries
3401 from Outlook-format appointments in mail messages. The variable
3402 `diary-outlook-formats' can be customized to recognize additional
3406 ** Speedbar changes:
3408 *** Speedbar items can now be selected by clicking mouse-1, based on
3409 the `mouse-1-click-follows-link' mechanism.
3411 *** SPC and DEL are no longer bound to scroll up/down in the speedbar
3414 *** The new command `speedbar-toggle-line-expansion', bound to SPC,
3415 contracts or expands the line under the cursor.
3417 *** New command `speedbar-create-directory', bound to `M'.
3419 *** The new commands `speedbar-expand-line-descendants' and
3420 `speedbar-contract-line-descendants', bound to `[' and `]'
3421 respectively, expand and contract the line under cursor with all of
3424 *** The new user option `speedbar-query-confirmation-method' controls
3425 how querying is performed for file operations. A value of 'always
3426 means to always query before file operations; 'none-but-delete means
3427 to not query before any file operations, except before a file
3430 *** The new user option `speedbar-select-frame-method' specifies how
3431 to select a frame for displaying a file opened with the speedbar. A
3432 value of 'attached means to use the attached frame (the frame that
3433 speedbar was started from.) A number such as 1 or -1 means to pass
3434 that number to `other-frame'.
3436 *** The new user option `speedbar-use-tool-tips-flag', if non-nil,
3437 means to display tool-tips for speedbar items.
3439 *** The frame management code in speedbar.el has been split into a new
3440 `dframe' library. Emacs Lisp code that makes use of the speedbar
3441 should use `dframe-attached-frame' instead of
3442 `speedbar-attached-frame', `dframe-timer' instead of `speedbar-timer',
3443 `dframe-close-frame' instead of `speedbar-close-frame', and
3444 `dframe-activity-change-focus-flag' instead of
3445 `speedbar-activity-change-focus-flag'. The variables
3446 `speedbar-update-speed' and `speedbar-navigating-speed' are also
3447 obsolete; use `dframe-update-speed' instead.
3452 *** The variable `sql-product' controls the highlighting of different
3453 SQL dialects. This variable can be set globally via Customize, on a
3454 buffer-specific basis via local variable settings, or for the current
3455 session using the new SQL->Product submenu. (This menu replaces the
3456 SQL->Highlighting submenu.)
3458 The following values are supported:
3460 ansi ANSI Standard (default)
3474 The current product name will be shown on the mode line following the
3477 The technique of setting `sql-mode-font-lock-defaults' directly in
3478 your `.emacs' will no longer establish the default highlighting -- Use
3479 `sql-product' to accomplish this.
3481 ANSI keywords are always highlighted.
3483 *** The function `sql-add-product-keywords' can be used to add
3484 font-lock rules to the product specific rules. For example, to have
3485 all identifiers ending in `_t' under MS SQLServer treated as a type,
3486 you would use the following line in your .emacs file:
3488 (sql-add-product-keywords 'ms
3489 '(("\\<\\w+_t\\>" . font-lock-type-face)))
3491 *** Oracle support includes keyword highlighting for Oracle 9i.
3493 Most SQL and PL/SQL keywords are implemented. SQL*Plus commands are
3494 highlighted in `font-lock-doc-face'.
3496 *** Microsoft SQLServer support has been significantly improved.
3498 Keyword highlighting for SqlServer 2000 is implemented.
3499 sql-interactive-mode defaults to use osql, rather than isql, because
3500 osql flushes its error stream more frequently. Thus error messages
3501 are displayed when they occur rather than when the session is
3504 If the username and password are not provided to `sql-ms', osql is
3505 called with the `-E' command line argument to use the operating system
3506 credentials to authenticate the user.
3508 *** Postgres support is enhanced.
3509 Keyword highlighting of Postgres 7.3 is implemented. Prompting for
3510 the username and the pgsql `-U' option is added.
3512 *** MySQL support is enhanced.
3513 Keyword highlighting of MySql 4.0 is implemented.
3515 *** Imenu support has been enhanced to locate tables, views, indexes,
3516 packages, procedures, functions, triggers, sequences, rules, and
3519 *** Added SQL->Start SQLi Session menu entry which calls the
3520 appropriate `sql-interactive-mode' wrapper for the current setting of
3524 *** sql.el supports the SQLite interpreter--call 'sql-sqlite'.
3529 *** New ffap commands and keybindings:
3531 C-x C-r (`ffap-read-only'),
3532 C-x C-v (`ffap-alternate-file'), C-x C-d (`ffap-list-directory'),
3533 C-x 4 r (`ffap-read-only-other-window'), C-x 4 d (`ffap-dired-other-window'),
3534 C-x 5 r (`ffap-read-only-other-frame'), C-x 5 d (`ffap-dired-other-frame').
3537 *** FFAP accepts wildcards in a file name by default.
3539 C-x C-f passes the file name to `find-file' with non-nil WILDCARDS
3540 argument, which visits multiple files, and C-x d passes it to `dired'.
3543 ** Changes in Skeleton
3545 *** In skeleton.el, `-' marks the `skeleton-point' without interregion interaction.
3547 `@' has reverted to only setting `skeleton-positions' and no longer
3548 sets `skeleton-point'. Skeletons which used @ to mark
3549 `skeleton-point' independent of `_' should now use `-' instead. The
3550 updated `skeleton-insert' docstring explains these new features along
3551 with other details of skeleton construction.
3553 *** The variables `skeleton-transformation', `skeleton-filter', and
3554 `skeleton-pair-filter' have been renamed to
3555 `skeleton-transformation-function', `skeleton-filter-function', and
3556 `skeleton-pair-filter-function'. The old names are still available
3560 ** Hideshow mode changes
3562 *** New variable `hs-set-up-overlay' allows customization of the overlay
3563 used to effect hiding for hideshow minor mode. Integration with isearch
3564 handles the overlay property `display' specially, preserving it during
3565 temporary overlay showing in the course of an isearch operation.
3567 *** New variable `hs-allow-nesting' non-nil means that hiding a block does
3568 not discard the hidden state of any "internal" blocks; when the parent
3569 block is later shown, the internal blocks remain hidden. Default is nil.
3572 ** `hide-ifdef-mode' now uses overlays rather than selective-display
3573 to hide its text. This should be mostly transparent but slightly
3574 changes the behavior of motion commands like C-e and C-p.
3577 ** `partial-completion-mode' now handles partial completion on directory names.
3580 ** The type-break package now allows `type-break-file-name' to be nil
3581 and if so, doesn't store any data across sessions. This is handy if
3582 you don't want the `.type-break' file in your home directory or are
3583 annoyed by the need for interaction when you kill Emacs.
3586 ** `ps-print' can now print characters from the mule-unicode charsets.
3588 Printing text with characters from the mule-unicode-* sets works with
3589 `ps-print', provided that you have installed the appropriate BDF
3590 fonts. See the file INSTALL for URLs where you can find these fonts.
3593 ** New command `strokes-global-set-stroke-string'.
3594 This is like `strokes-global-set-stroke', but it allows you to bind
3595 the stroke directly to a string to insert. This is convenient for
3596 using strokes as an input method.
3598 ** Emacs server changes:
3601 *** You can have several Emacs servers on the same machine.
3603 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "foo")' -f server-start &
3604 % emacs --eval '(setq server-name "bar")' -f server-start &
3605 % emacsclient -s foo file1
3606 % emacsclient -s bar file2
3609 *** The `emacsclient' command understands the options `--eval' and
3610 `--display' which tell Emacs respectively to evaluate the given Lisp
3611 expression and to use the given display when visiting files.
3614 *** User option `server-mode' can be used to start a server process.
3617 ** LDAP support now defaults to ldapsearch from OpenLDAP version 2.
3620 ** You can now disable pc-selection-mode after enabling it.
3622 M-x pc-selection-mode behaves like a proper minor mode, and with no
3623 argument it toggles the mode. Turning off PC-Selection mode restores
3624 the global key bindings that were replaced by turning on the mode.
3627 ** `uniquify-strip-common-suffix' tells uniquify to prefer
3628 `file|dir1' and `file|dir2' to `file|dir1/subdir' and `file|dir2/subdir'.
3631 ** Support for `magic cookie' standout modes has been removed.
3633 Emacs still works on terminals that require magic cookies in order to
3634 use standout mode, but they can no longer display mode-lines in
3638 ** The game `mpuz' is enhanced.
3640 `mpuz' now allows the 2nd factor not to have two identical digits. By
3641 default, all trivial operations involving whole lines are performed
3642 automatically. The game uses faces for better visual feedback.
3644 ** battery.el changes:
3647 *** display-battery-mode replaces display-battery.
3650 *** battery.el now works on recent versions of OS X.
3653 ** calculator.el now has radix grouping mode.
3655 To enable this, set `calculator-output-radix' non-nil. In this mode a
3656 separator character is used every few digits, making it easier to see
3657 byte boundaries etc. For more info, see the documentation of the
3658 variable `calculator-radix-grouping-mode'.
3661 ** fast-lock.el and lazy-lock.el are obsolete. Use jit-lock.el instead.
3664 ** iso-acc.el is now obsolete. Use one of the latin input methods instead.
3667 ** zone-mode.el is now obsolete. Use dns-mode.el instead.
3670 ** cplus-md.el has been deleted.
3674 *** The new function `ewoc-delete' deletes specified nodes.
3676 *** `ewoc-create' now takes optional arg NOSEP, which inhibits insertion of
3677 a newline after each pretty-printed entry and after the header and footer.
3678 This allows you to create multiple-entry ewocs on a single line and to
3679 effect "invisible" nodes by arranging for the pretty-printer to not print
3680 anything for those nodes.
3682 For example, these two sequences of expressions behave identically:
3685 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S" data)))
3686 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n")
3689 (defun PP (data) (insert (format "%S\n" data)))
3690 (ewoc-create 'PP "start\n\n" "\n" t)
3695 *** By default, reverting the *Locate* buffer now just runs the last
3696 `locate' command back over again without offering to update the locate
3697 database (which normally only works if you have root privileges). If
3698 you prefer the old behavior, set the new customizable option
3699 `locate-update-when-revert' to t.
3702 * Changes in Emacs 22.1 on non-free operating systems
3705 ** The HOME directory defaults to Application Data under the user profile.
3707 If you used a previous version of Emacs without setting the HOME
3708 environment variable and a `.emacs' was saved, then Emacs will continue
3709 using C:/ as the default HOME. But if you are installing Emacs afresh,
3710 the default location will be the "Application Data" (or similar
3711 localized name) subdirectory of your user profile. A typical location
3712 of this directory is "C:\Documents and Settings\USERNAME\Application Data",
3713 where USERNAME is your user name.
3715 This change means that users can now have their own `.emacs' files on
3716 shared computers, and the default HOME directory is less likely to be
3717 read-only on computers that are administered by someone else.
3720 ** Passing resources on the command line now works on MS Windows.
3722 You can use --xrm to pass resource settings to Emacs, overriding any
3723 existing values. For example:
3725 emacs --xrm "Emacs.Background:red" --xrm "Emacs.Geometry:100x20"
3727 will start up Emacs on an initial frame of 100x20 with red background,
3728 irrespective of geometry or background setting on the Windows registry.
3731 ** On MS Windows, the "system caret" now follows the cursor.
3733 This enables Emacs to work better with programs that need to track the
3734 cursor, for example screen magnifiers and text to speech programs.
3735 When such a program is in use, the system caret is made visible
3736 instead of Emacs drawing its own cursor. This seems to be required by
3737 some programs. The new variable w32-use-visible-system-caret allows
3738 the caret visibility to be manually toggled.
3741 ** Tooltips now work on MS Windows.
3743 See the Emacs 21.1 NEWS entry for tooltips for details.
3746 ** Images are now supported on MS Windows.
3748 PBM and XBM images are supported out of the box. Other image formats
3749 depend on external libraries. All of these libraries have been ported
3750 to Windows, and can be found in both source and binary form at
3751 http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/. Note that libpng also depends on
3752 zlib, and tiff depends on the version of jpeg that it was compiled
3753 against. For additional information, see nt/INSTALL.
3756 ** Sound is now supported on MS Windows.
3758 WAV format is supported on all versions of Windows, other formats such
3759 as AU, AIFF and MP3 may be supported in the more recent versions of
3760 Windows, or when other software provides hooks into the system level
3761 sound support for those formats.
3764 ** Different shaped mouse pointers are supported on MS Windows.
3766 The mouse pointer changes shape depending on what is under the pointer.
3769 ** Pointing devices with more than 3 buttons are now supported on MS Windows.
3771 The new variable `w32-pass-extra-mouse-buttons-to-system' controls
3772 whether Emacs should handle the extra buttons itself (the default), or
3773 pass them to Windows to be handled with system-wide functions.
3776 ** Emacs takes note of colors defined in Control Panel on MS-Windows.
3778 The Control Panel defines some default colors for applications in much
3779 the same way as wildcard X Resources do on X. Emacs now adds these
3780 colors to the colormap prefixed by System (eg SystemMenu for the
3781 default Menu background, SystemMenuText for the foreground), and uses
3782 some of them to initialize some of the default faces.
3783 `list-colors-display' shows the list of System color names, in case
3784 you wish to use them in other faces.
3787 ** On MS Windows NT/W2K/XP, Emacs uses Unicode for clipboard operations.
3789 Those systems use Unicode internally, so this allows Emacs to share
3790 multilingual text with other applications. On other versions of
3791 MS Windows, Emacs now uses the appropriate locale coding-system, so
3792 the clipboard should work correctly for your local language without
3796 ** Running in a console window in Windows now uses the console size.
3798 Previous versions of Emacs erred on the side of having a usable Emacs
3799 through telnet, even though that was inconvenient if you use Emacs in
3800 a local console window with a scrollback buffer. The default value of
3801 w32-use-full-screen-buffer is now nil, which favors local console
3802 windows. Recent versions of Windows telnet also work well with this
3803 setting. If you are using an older telnet server then Emacs detects
3804 that the console window dimensions that are reported are not sane, and
3805 defaults to 80x25. If you use such a telnet server regularly at a size
3806 other than 80x25, you can still manually set
3807 w32-use-full-screen-buffer to t.
3810 ** On Mac OS, `keyboard-coding-system' changes based on the keyboard script.
3813 ** The variable `mac-keyboard-text-encoding' and the constants
3814 `kTextEncodingMacRoman', `kTextEncodingISOLatin1', and
3815 `kTextEncodingISOLatin2' are obsolete.
3817 ** The variable `mac-command-key-is-meta' is obsolete. Use
3818 `mac-command-modifier' and `mac-option-modifier' instead.
3820 * Incompatible Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3823 ** The `read-file-name' function now returns a null string if the
3824 user just types RET.
3827 ** The function find-operation-coding-system may be called with a cons
3828 (FILENAME . BUFFER) in the second argument if the first argument
3829 OPERATION is `insert-file-contents', and thus a function registered in
3830 `file-coding-system-alist' is also called with such an argument.
3833 ** The variables post-command-idle-hook and post-command-idle-delay have
3834 been removed. Use run-with-idle-timer instead.
3837 ** `suppress-keymap' now works by remapping `self-insert-command' to
3838 the command `undefined'. (In earlier Emacs versions, it used
3839 `substitute-key-definition' to rebind self inserting characters to
3843 ** Mode line display ignores text properties as well as the
3844 :propertize and :eval forms in the value of a variable whose
3845 `risky-local-variable' property is nil.
3848 The function `comint-send-input' now accepts 3 optional arguments:
3850 (comint-send-input &optional no-newline artificial)
3852 Callers sending input not from the user should use bind the 3rd
3853 argument `artificial' to a non-nil value, to prevent Emacs from
3854 deleting the part of subprocess output that matches the input.
3857 ** Support for Mocklisp has been removed.
3860 ** The variable `memory-full' now remains t until
3861 there is no longer a shortage of memory.
3864 ** When Emacs receives a USR1 or USR2 signal, this generates
3865 input events: sigusr1 or sigusr2. Use special-event-map to
3866 handle these events.
3869 ** A hex or octal escape in a string constant forces the string to
3870 be multibyte or unibyte, respectively.
3873 * Lisp Changes in Emacs 22.1
3875 ** General Lisp changes:
3877 *** The function `expt' handles negative exponents differently.
3878 The value for `(expt A B)', if both A and B are integers and B is
3879 negative, is now a float. For example: (expt 2 -2) => 0.25.
3882 *** The function `eql' is now available without requiring the CL package.
3885 *** The new function `memql' is like `memq', but uses `eql' for comparison,
3886 that is, floats are compared by value and other elements with `eq'.
3889 *** `makehash' is now obsolete. Use `make-hash-table' instead.
3892 *** `add-to-list' takes an optional third argument, APPEND.
3894 If APPEND is non-nil, the new element gets added at the end of the
3895 list instead of at the beginning. This change actually occurred in
3896 Emacs 21.1, but was not documented then.
3899 *** New function `add-to-ordered-list' is like `add-to-list' but
3900 associates a numeric ordering of each element added to the list.
3903 *** New function `copy-tree' makes a copy of a tree.
3905 It recursively copies through both CARs and CDRs.
3908 *** New function `delete-dups' deletes `equal' duplicate elements from a list.
3910 It modifies the list destructively, like `delete'. Of several `equal'
3911 occurrences of an element in the list, the one that's kept is the
3915 *** New function `add-to-history' adds an element to a history list.
3917 Lisp packages should use this function to add elements to their
3920 If `history-delete-duplicates' is non-nil, it removes duplicates of
3921 the new element from the history list it updates.
3924 *** New function `rassq-delete-all'.
3926 (rassq-delete-all VALUE ALIST) deletes, from ALIST, each element whose
3927 CDR is `eq' to the specified value.
3930 *** The function `number-sequence' makes a list of equally-separated numbers.
3932 For instance, (number-sequence 4 9) returns (4 5 6 7 8 9). By
3933 default, the separation is 1, but you can specify a different
3934 separation as the third argument. (number-sequence 1.5 6 2) returns
3938 *** New variables `most-positive-fixnum' and `most-negative-fixnum'.
3940 They hold the largest and smallest possible integer values.
3943 *** Minor change in the function `format'.
3945 Some flags that were accepted but not implemented (such as "*") are no
3949 *** Functions `get' and `plist-get' no longer give errors for bad plists.
3951 They return nil for a malformed property list or if the list is
3955 *** New functions `lax-plist-get' and `lax-plist-put'.
3957 They are like `plist-get' and `plist-put', except that they compare
3958 the property name using `equal' rather than `eq'.
3961 *** New variable `print-continuous-numbering'.
3963 When this is non-nil, successive calls to print functions use a single
3964 numbering scheme for circular structure references. This is only
3965 relevant when `print-circle' is non-nil.
3967 When you bind `print-continuous-numbering' to t, you should
3968 also bind `print-number-table' to nil.
3971 *** New function `macroexpand-all' expands all macros in a form.
3973 It is similar to the Common-Lisp function of the same name.
3974 One difference is that it guarantees to return the original argument
3975 if no expansion is done, which can be tested using `eq'.
3978 *** The function `atan' now accepts an optional second argument.
3980 When called with 2 arguments, as in `(atan Y X)', `atan' returns the
3981 angle in radians between the vector [X, Y] and the X axis. (This is
3982 equivalent to the standard C library function `atan2'.)
3985 *** A function or macro's doc string can now specify the calling pattern.
3987 You put this info in the doc string's last line. It should be
3988 formatted so as to match the regexp "\n\n(fn .*)\\'". If you don't
3989 specify this explicitly, Emacs determines it from the actual argument
3990 names. Usually that default is right, but not always.
3993 *** New macro `with-local-quit' temporarily allows quitting.
3995 A quit inside the body of `with-local-quit' is caught by the
3996 `with-local-quit' form itself, but another quit will happen later once
3997 the code that has inhibited quitting exits.
3999 This is for use around potentially blocking or long-running code
4000 inside timer functions and `post-command-hook' functions.
4003 *** New macro `define-obsolete-function-alias'.
4005 This combines `defalias' and `make-obsolete'.
4008 *** New function `unsafep' determines whether a Lisp form is safe.
4010 It returns nil if the given Lisp form can't possibly do anything
4011 dangerous; otherwise it returns a reason why the form might be unsafe
4012 (calls unknown function, alters global variable, etc.).
4015 *** New macro `eval-at-startup' specifies expressions to
4016 evaluate when Emacs starts up. If this is done after startup,
4017 it evaluates those expressions immediately.
4019 This is useful in packages that can be preloaded.
4021 *** `list-faces-display' takes an optional argument, REGEXP.
4023 If it is non-nil, the function lists only faces matching this regexp.
4026 *** New functions `string-or-null-p' and `booleanp'.
4028 `string-or-null-p' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a string or nil.
4029 `booleanp' returns non-nil iff OBJECT is a t or nil.
4032 *** New hook `command-error-function'.
4034 By setting this variable to a function, you can control
4035 how the editor command loop shows the user an error message.
4037 ** Lisp code indentation features:
4040 *** The `defmacro' form can contain indentation and edebug declarations.
4042 These declarations specify how to indent the macro calls in Lisp mode
4043 and how to debug them with Edebug. You write them like this:
4045 (defmacro NAME LAMBDA-LIST [DOC-STRING] [DECLARATION ...] ...)
4047 DECLARATION is a list `(declare DECLARATION-SPECIFIER ...)'. The
4048 possible declaration specifiers are:
4051 Set NAME's `lisp-indent-function' property to INDENT.
4054 Set NAME's `edebug-form-spec' property to DEBUG. (This is
4055 equivalent to writing a `def-edebug-spec' for the macro,
4056 but this is cleaner.)
4059 *** cl-indent now allows customization of Indentation of backquoted forms.
4061 See the new user option `lisp-backquote-indentation'.
4064 *** cl-indent now handles indentation of simple and extended `loop' forms.
4066 The new user options `lisp-loop-keyword-indentation',
4067 `lisp-loop-forms-indentation', and `lisp-simple-loop-indentation' can
4068 be used to customize the indentation of keywords and forms in loop
4072 ** Variable aliases:
4074 *** New function: defvaralias ALIAS-VAR BASE-VAR [DOCSTRING]
4076 This function defines the symbol ALIAS-VAR as a variable alias for
4077 symbol BASE-VAR. This means that retrieving the value of ALIAS-VAR
4078 returns the value of BASE-VAR, and changing the value of ALIAS-VAR
4079 changes the value of BASE-VAR.
4081 DOCSTRING, if present, is the documentation for ALIAS-VAR; else it has
4082 the same documentation as BASE-VAR.
4084 *** New function: indirect-variable VARIABLE
4086 This function returns the variable at the end of the chain of aliases
4087 of VARIABLE. If VARIABLE is not a symbol, or if VARIABLE is not
4088 defined as an alias, the function returns VARIABLE.
4090 It might be noteworthy that variables aliases work for all kinds of
4091 variables, including buffer-local and frame-local variables.
4094 *** The macro `define-obsolete-variable-alias' combines `defvaralias' and
4095 `make-obsolete-variable'.
4097 ** defcustom changes:
4100 *** The package-version keyword has been added to provide
4101 `customize-changed-options' functionality to packages in the future.
4102 Developers who make use of this keyword must also update the new
4103 variable `customize-package-emacs-version-alist'.
4106 *** The new customization type `float' requires a floating point number.
4111 *** The escape sequence \s is now interpreted as a SPACE character.
4113 Exception: In a character constant, if it is followed by a `-' in a
4114 character constant (e.g. ?\s-A), it is still interpreted as the super
4115 modifier. In strings, \s is always interpreted as a space.
4118 *** A hex escape in a string constant forces the string to be multibyte.
4121 *** An octal escape in a string constant forces the string to be unibyte.
4124 *** `split-string' now includes null substrings in the returned list if
4125 the optional argument SEPARATORS is non-nil and there are matches for
4126 SEPARATORS at the beginning or end of the string. If SEPARATORS is
4127 nil, or if the new optional third argument OMIT-NULLS is non-nil, all
4128 empty matches are omitted from the returned list.
4131 *** New function `string-to-multibyte' converts a unibyte string to a
4132 multibyte string with the same individual character codes.
4135 *** New function `substring-no-properties' returns a substring without
4139 *** The new function `assoc-string' replaces `assoc-ignore-case' and
4140 `assoc-ignore-representation', which are still available, but have
4141 been declared obsolete.
4144 *** New syntax: \uXXXX and \UXXXXXXXX specify Unicode code points in hex.
4145 Use "\u0428" to specify a string consisting of CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA,
4146 or "\U0001D6E2" to specify one consisting of MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL
4147 ALPHA (the latter is greater than #xFFFF and thus needs the longer
4148 syntax). Also available for characters.
4151 ** Displaying warnings to the user.
4153 See the functions `warn' and `display-warning', or the Lisp Manual.
4154 If you want to be sure the warning will not be overlooked, this
4155 facility is much better than using `message', since it displays
4156 warnings in a separate window.
4159 ** Progress reporters.
4161 These provide a simple and uniform way for commands to present
4162 progress messages for the user.
4164 See the new functions `make-progress-reporter',
4165 `progress-reporter-update', `progress-reporter-force-update',
4166 `progress-reporter-done', and `dotimes-with-progress-reporter'.
4168 ** Buffer positions:
4171 *** Function `compute-motion' now calculates the usable window
4172 width if the WIDTH argument is nil. If the TOPOS argument is nil,
4173 the usable window height and width is used.
4176 *** The `line-move', `scroll-up', and `scroll-down' functions will now
4177 modify the window vscroll to scroll through display rows that are
4178 taller that the height of the window, for example in the presence of
4179 large images. To disable this feature, bind the new variable
4180 `auto-window-vscroll' to nil.
4183 *** The argument to `forward-word', `backward-word' is optional.
4188 *** Argument to `forward-to-indentation' and `backward-to-indentation' is optional.
4193 *** New function `mouse-on-link-p' tests if a position is in a clickable link.
4195 This is the function used by the new `mouse-1-click-follows-link'
4199 *** New function `line-number-at-pos' returns the line number of a position.
4201 It an optional buffer position argument that defaults to point.
4204 *** `field-beginning' and `field-end' take new optional argument, LIMIT.
4206 This argument tells them not to search beyond LIMIT. Instead they
4207 give up and return LIMIT.
4210 *** Function `pos-visible-in-window-p' now returns the pixel coordinates
4211 and partial visibility state of the corresponding row, if the PARTIALLY
4215 *** New function `window-line-height' is an efficient way to get
4216 information about a specific text line in a window provided that the
4217 window's display is up-to-date.
4220 *** New functions `posn-at-point' and `posn-at-x-y' return
4221 click-event-style position information for a given visible buffer
4222 position or for a given window pixel coordinate.
4224 ** Text modification:
4227 *** The new function `buffer-chars-modified-tick' returns a buffer's
4228 tick counter for changes to characters. Each time text in that buffer
4229 is inserted or deleted, the character-change counter is updated to the
4230 tick counter (`buffer-modified-tick'). Text property changes leave it
4234 *** The new function `insert-for-yank' normally works like `insert', but
4235 removes the text properties in the `yank-excluded-properties' list
4236 and handles the `yank-handler' text property.
4239 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-as-yank' is like
4240 `insert-for-yank' except that it gets the text from another buffer as
4241 in `insert-buffer-substring'.
4244 *** The new function `insert-buffer-substring-no-properties' is like
4245 `insert-buffer-substring', but removes all text properties from the
4249 *** The new function `filter-buffer-substring' extracts a buffer
4250 substring, passes it through a set of filter functions, and returns
4251 the filtered substring. Use it instead of `buffer-substring' or
4252 `delete-and-extract-region' when copying text into a user-accessible
4253 data structure, such as the kill-ring, X clipboard, or a register.
4255 The list of filter function is specified by the new variable
4256 `buffer-substring-filters'. For example, Longlines mode adds to
4257 `buffer-substring-filters' to remove soft newlines from the copied
4261 *** Function `translate-region' accepts also a char-table as TABLE
4265 *** The new translation table `translation-table-for-input'
4266 is used for customizing self-insertion. The character to
4267 be inserted is translated through it.
4272 The new function `text-clone-create'. Text clones are chunks of text
4273 that are kept identical by transparently propagating changes from one
4277 *** The function `insert-string' is now obsolete.
4282 *** In determining an adaptive fill prefix, Emacs now tries the function in
4283 `adaptive-fill-function' _before_ matching the buffer line against
4284 `adaptive-fill-regexp' rather than _after_ it.
4287 ** Atomic change groups.
4289 To perform some changes in the current buffer "atomically" so that
4290 they either all succeed or are all undone, use `atomic-change-group'
4291 around the code that makes changes. For instance:
4293 (atomic-change-group
4295 (delete-region x y))
4297 If an error (or other nonlocal exit) occurs inside the body of
4298 `atomic-change-group', it unmakes all the changes in that buffer that
4299 were during the execution of the body. The change group has no effect
4300 on any other buffers--any such changes remain.
4302 If you need something more sophisticated, you can directly call the
4303 lower-level functions that `atomic-change-group' uses. Here is how.
4305 To set up a change group for one buffer, call `prepare-change-group'.
4306 Specify the buffer as argument; it defaults to the current buffer.
4307 This function returns a "handle" for the change group. You must save
4308 the handle to activate the change group and then finish it.
4310 Before you change the buffer again, you must activate the change
4311 group. Pass the handle to `activate-change-group' afterward to
4314 After you make the changes, you must finish the change group. You can
4315 either accept the changes or cancel them all. Call
4316 `accept-change-group' to accept the changes in the group as final;
4317 call `cancel-change-group' to undo them all.
4319 You should use `unwind-protect' to make sure the group is always
4320 finished. The call to `activate-change-group' should be inside the
4321 `unwind-protect', in case the user types C-g just after it runs.
4322 (This is one reason why `prepare-change-group' and
4323 `activate-change-group' are separate functions.) Once you finish the
4324 group, don't use the handle again--don't try to finish the same group
4327 To make a multibuffer change group, call `prepare-change-group' once
4328 for each buffer you want to cover, then use `nconc' to combine the
4329 returned values, like this:
4331 (nconc (prepare-change-group buffer-1)
4332 (prepare-change-group buffer-2))
4334 You can then activate the multibuffer change group with a single call
4335 to `activate-change-group', and finish it with a single call to
4336 `accept-change-group' or `cancel-change-group'.
4338 Nested use of several change groups for the same buffer works as you
4339 would expect. Non-nested use of change groups for the same buffer
4340 will lead to undesirable results, so don't let it happen; the first
4341 change group you start for any given buffer should be the last one
4344 ** Buffer-related changes:
4347 *** `list-buffers-noselect' now takes an additional argument, BUFFER-LIST.
4349 If it is non-nil, it specifies which buffers to list.
4352 *** `kill-buffer-hook' is now a permanent local.
4355 *** The new function `buffer-local-value' returns the buffer-local
4356 binding of VARIABLE (a symbol) in buffer BUFFER. If VARIABLE does not
4357 have a buffer-local binding in buffer BUFFER, it returns the default
4358 value of VARIABLE instead.
4360 *** The function `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' now lets you maintain
4361 various status records in parallel.
4363 It takes a variable (a symbol) as argument. If the variable is non-nil,
4364 then its value should be a vector installed previously by
4365 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p'. If the frame names, buffer names, buffer
4366 order, or their read-only or modified flags have changed, since the
4367 time the vector's contents were recorded by a previous call to
4368 `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', then the function returns t. Otherwise
4371 On the first call to `frame-or-buffer-changed-p', the variable's
4372 value should be nil. `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' stores a suitable
4373 vector into the variable and returns t.
4375 If the variable is itself nil, then `frame-or-buffer-changed-p' uses,
4376 for compatibility, an internal variable which exists only for this
4380 *** The function `read-buffer' follows the convention for reading from
4381 the minibuffer with a default value: if DEF is non-nil, the minibuffer
4382 prompt provided in PROMPT is edited to show the default value provided
4383 in DEF before the terminal colon and space.
4385 ** Searching and matching changes:
4388 *** New function `looking-back' checks whether a regular expression matches
4389 the text before point. Specifying the LIMIT argument bounds how far
4390 back the match can start; this is a way to keep it from taking too long.
4393 *** The new variable `search-spaces-regexp' controls how to search
4394 for spaces in a regular expression. If it is non-nil, it should be a
4395 regular expression, and any series of spaces stands for that regular
4396 expression. If it is nil, spaces stand for themselves.
4398 Spaces inside of constructs such as `[..]' and inside loops such as
4399 `*', `+', and `?' are never replaced with `search-spaces-regexp'.
4402 *** New regular expression operators, `\_<' and `\_>'.
4404 These match the beginning and end of a symbol. A symbol is a
4405 non-empty sequence of either word or symbol constituent characters, as
4406 specified by the syntax table.
4409 *** rx.el has new corresponding `symbol-end' and `symbol-start' elements.
4412 *** `skip-chars-forward' and `skip-chars-backward' now handle
4413 character classes such as `[:alpha:]', along with individual
4414 characters and ranges.
4417 *** In `replace-match', the replacement text no longer inherits
4418 properties from surrounding text.
4421 *** The list returned by `(match-data t)' now has the buffer as a final
4422 element, if the last match was on a buffer. `set-match-data'
4423 accepts such a list for restoring the match state.
4426 *** Functions `match-data' and `set-match-data' now have an optional
4427 argument `reseat'. When non-nil, all markers in the match data list
4428 passed to these functions will be reseated to point to nowhere.
4431 *** The default value of `sentence-end' is now defined using the new
4432 variable `sentence-end-without-space', which contains such characters
4433 that end a sentence without following spaces.
4435 The function `sentence-end' should be used to obtain the value of the
4436 variable `sentence-end'. If the variable `sentence-end' is nil, then
4437 this function returns the regexp constructed from the variables
4438 `sentence-end-without-period', `sentence-end-double-space' and
4439 `sentence-end-without-space'.
4444 *** `buffer-undo-list' can allows programmable elements.
4446 These elements have the form (apply FUNNAME . ARGS), where FUNNAME is
4447 a symbol other than t or nil. That stands for a high-level change
4448 that should be undone by evaluating (apply FUNNAME ARGS).
4450 These entries can also have the form (apply DELTA BEG END FUNNAME . ARGS)
4451 which indicates that the change which took place was limited to the
4452 range BEG...END and increased the buffer size by DELTA.
4455 *** If the buffer's undo list for the current command gets longer than
4456 `undo-outer-limit', garbage collection empties it. This is to prevent
4457 it from using up the available memory and choking Emacs.
4460 ** New `yank-handler' text property can be used to control how
4461 previously killed text on the kill ring is reinserted.
4463 The value of the `yank-handler' property must be a list with one to four
4464 elements with the following format:
4465 (FUNCTION PARAM NOEXCLUDE UNDO).
4467 The `insert-for-yank' function looks for a yank-handler property on
4468 the first character on its string argument (typically the first
4469 element on the kill-ring). If a `yank-handler' property is found,
4470 the normal behavior of `insert-for-yank' is modified in various ways:
4472 When FUNCTION is present and non-nil, it is called instead of `insert'
4473 to insert the string. FUNCTION takes one argument--the object to insert.
4474 If PARAM is present and non-nil, it replaces STRING as the object
4475 passed to FUNCTION (or `insert'); for example, if FUNCTION is
4476 `yank-rectangle', PARAM should be a list of strings to insert as a
4478 If NOEXCLUDE is present and non-nil, the normal removal of the
4479 `yank-excluded-properties' is not performed; instead FUNCTION is
4480 responsible for removing those properties. This may be necessary
4481 if FUNCTION adjusts point before or after inserting the object.
4482 If UNDO is present and non-nil, it is a function that will be called
4483 by `yank-pop' to undo the insertion of the current object. It is
4484 called with two arguments, the start and end of the current region.
4485 FUNCTION can set `yank-undo-function' to override the UNDO value.
4487 *** The functions `kill-new', `kill-append', and `kill-region' now have an
4488 optional argument to specify the `yank-handler' text property to put on
4491 *** The function `yank-pop' will now use a non-nil value of the variable
4492 `yank-undo-function' (instead of `delete-region') to undo the previous
4493 `yank' or `yank-pop' command (or a call to `insert-for-yank'). The function
4494 `insert-for-yank' automatically sets that variable according to the UNDO
4495 element of the string argument's `yank-handler' text property if present.
4497 *** The function `insert-for-yank' now supports strings where the
4498 `yank-handler' property does not span the first character of the
4499 string. The old behavior is available if you call
4500 `insert-for-yank-1' instead.
4502 ** Syntax table changes:
4505 *** The macro `with-syntax-table' no longer copies the syntax table.
4508 *** The new function `syntax-after' returns the syntax code
4509 of the character after a specified buffer position, taking account
4510 of text properties as well as the character code.
4513 *** `syntax-class' extracts the class of a syntax code (as returned
4517 *** The new function `syntax-ppss' provides an efficient way to find the
4518 current syntactic context at point.
4520 ** File operation changes:
4523 *** New vars `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' used when
4524 searching for an executable or an Emacs Lisp file.
4527 *** The new primitive `set-file-times' sets a file's access and
4528 modification times. Magic file name handlers can handle this
4532 *** The new function `file-remote-p' tests a file name and returns
4533 non-nil if it specifies a remote file (one that Emacs accesses using
4534 its own special methods and not directly through the file system).
4535 The value in that case is an identifier for the remote file system.
4538 *** `buffer-auto-save-file-format' is the new name for what was
4539 formerly called `auto-save-file-format'. It is now a permanent local.
4542 *** Functions `file-name-sans-extension' and `file-name-extension' now
4543 ignore the leading dots in file names, so that file names such as
4544 `.emacs' are treated as extensionless.
4547 *** `visited-file-modtime' and `calendar-time-from-absolute' now return
4548 a list of two integers, instead of a cons.
4551 *** `file-chase-links' now takes an optional second argument LIMIT which
4552 specifies the maximum number of links to chase through. If after that
4553 many iterations the file name obtained is still a symbolic link,
4554 `file-chase-links' returns it anyway.
4557 *** The new hook `before-save-hook' is invoked by `basic-save-buffer'
4558 before saving buffers. This allows packages to perform various final
4559 tasks. For example, it can be used by the copyright package to make
4560 sure saved files have the current year in any copyright headers.
4563 *** If `buffer-save-without-query' is non-nil in some buffer,
4564 `save-some-buffers' will always save that buffer without asking (if
4568 *** New function `locate-file' searches for a file in a list of directories.
4569 `locate-file' accepts a name of a file to search (a string), and two
4570 lists: a list of directories to search in and a list of suffixes to
4571 try; typical usage might use `exec-path' and `load-path' for the list
4572 of directories, and `exec-suffixes' and `load-suffixes' for the list
4573 of suffixes. The function also accepts a predicate argument to
4574 further filter candidate files.
4576 One advantage of using this function is that the list of suffixes in
4577 `exec-suffixes' is OS-dependant, so this function will find
4578 executables without polluting Lisp code with OS dependencies.
4581 *** The precedence of file name handlers has been changed.
4583 Instead of choosing the first handler that matches,
4584 `find-file-name-handler' now gives precedence to a file name handler
4585 that matches nearest the end of the file name. More precisely, the
4586 handler whose (match-beginning 0) is the largest is chosen. In case
4587 of ties, the old "first matched" rule applies.
4590 *** A file name handler can declare which operations it handles.
4592 You do this by putting an `operation' property on the handler name
4593 symbol. The property value should be a list of the operations that
4594 the handler really handles. It won't be called for any other
4597 This is useful for autoloaded handlers, to prevent them from being
4598 autoloaded when not really necessary.
4601 *** The function `make-auto-save-file-name' is now handled by file
4602 name handlers. This will be exploited for remote files mainly.
4605 *** The function `file-name-completion' accepts an optional argument
4606 PREDICATE, and rejects completion candidates that don't satisfy PREDICATE.
4611 *** The functions `read-event', `read-char', and `read-char-exclusive'
4612 have a new optional argument SECONDS. If non-nil, this specifies a
4613 maximum time to wait for input, in seconds. If no input arrives after
4614 this time elapses, the functions stop waiting and return nil.
4617 *** An interactive specification can now use the code letter `U' to get
4618 the up-event that was discarded in case the last key sequence read for a
4619 previous `k' or `K' argument was a down-event; otherwise nil is used.
4622 *** The new interactive-specification `G' reads a file name
4623 much like `F', but if the input is a directory name (even defaulted),
4624 it returns just the directory name.
4627 *** Functions `y-or-n-p', `read-char', `read-key-sequence' and the like, that
4628 display a prompt but don't use the minibuffer, now display the prompt
4629 using the text properties (esp. the face) of the prompt string.
4632 *** (while-no-input BODY...) runs BODY, but only so long as no input
4633 arrives. If the user types or clicks anything, BODY stops as if a
4634 quit had occurred. `while-no-input' returns the value of BODY, if BODY
4635 finishes. It returns nil if BODY was aborted by a quit, and t if
4636 BODY was aborted by arrival of input.
4638 ** Minibuffer changes:
4641 *** The new function `minibufferp' returns non-nil if its optional
4642 buffer argument is a minibuffer. If the argument is omitted, it
4643 defaults to the current buffer.
4646 *** New function `minibuffer-selected-window' returns the window which
4647 was selected when entering the minibuffer.
4650 *** The `read-file-name' function now takes an additional argument which
4651 specifies a predicate which the file name read must satisfy. The
4652 new variable `read-file-name-predicate' contains the predicate argument
4653 while reading the file name from the minibuffer; the predicate in this
4654 variable is used by read-file-name-internal to filter the completion list.
4657 *** The new variable `read-file-name-function' can be used by Lisp code
4658 to override the built-in `read-file-name' function.
4661 *** The new variable `read-file-name-completion-ignore-case' specifies
4662 whether completion ignores case when reading a file name with the
4663 `read-file-name' function.
4666 *** The new function `read-directory-name' is for reading a directory name.
4668 It is like `read-file-name' except that the defaulting works better
4669 for directories, and completion inside it shows only directories.
4672 *** The new variable `history-add-new-input' specifies whether to add new
4673 elements in history. If set to nil, minibuffer reading functions don't
4674 add new elements to the history list, so it is possible to do this
4675 afterwards by calling `add-to-history' explicitly.
4677 ** Completion changes:
4680 *** The new function `minibuffer-completion-contents' returns the contents
4681 of the minibuffer just before point. That is what completion commands
4685 *** The functions `all-completions' and `try-completion' now accept lists
4686 of strings as well as hash-tables additionally to alists, obarrays
4687 and functions. Furthermore, the function `test-completion' is now
4688 exported to Lisp. The keys in alists and hash tables can be either
4689 strings or symbols, which are automatically converted with to strings.
4692 *** The new macro `dynamic-completion-table' supports using functions
4693 as a dynamic completion table.
4695 (dynamic-completion-table FUN)
4697 FUN is called with one argument, the string for which completion is required,
4698 and it should return an alist containing all the intended possible
4699 completions. This alist can be a full list of possible completions so that FUN
4700 can ignore the value of its argument. If completion is performed in the
4701 minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer from which the minibuffer was
4702 entered. `dynamic-completion-table' then computes the completion.
4705 *** The new macro `lazy-completion-table' initializes a variable
4706 as a lazy completion table.
4708 (lazy-completion-table VAR FUN)
4710 If the completion table VAR is used for the first time (e.g., by passing VAR
4711 as an argument to `try-completion'), the function FUN is called with no
4712 arguments. FUN must return the completion table that will be stored in VAR.
4713 If completion is requested in the minibuffer, FUN will be called in the buffer
4714 from which the minibuffer was entered. The return value of
4715 `lazy-completion-table' must be used to initialize the value of VAR.
4718 ** Enhancements to keymaps.
4720 *** New keymaps for typing file names
4722 Two new keymaps, `minibuffer-local-filename-completion-map' and
4723 `minibuffer-local-must-match-filename-map', apply whenever
4724 Emacs reads a file name in the minibuffer. These key maps override
4725 the usual binding of SPC to `minibuffer-complete-word' (so that file
4726 names with embedded spaces could be typed without the need to quote
4729 *** Cleaner way to enter key sequences.
4731 You can enter a constant key sequence in a more natural format, the
4732 same one used for saving keyboard macros, using the macro `kbd'. For
4735 (kbd "C-x C-f") => "\^x\^f"
4737 Actually, this format has existed since Emacs 20.1.
4739 *** Interactive commands can be remapped through keymaps.
4741 This is an alternative to using `defadvice' or `substitute-key-definition'
4742 to modify the behavior of a key binding using the normal keymap
4743 binding and lookup functionality.
4745 When a key sequence is bound to a command, and that command is
4746 remapped to another command, that command is run instead of the
4750 Suppose that minor mode `my-mode' has defined the commands
4751 `my-kill-line' and `my-kill-word', and it wants C-k (and any other key
4752 bound to `kill-line') to run the command `my-kill-line' instead of
4753 `kill-line', and likewise it wants to run `my-kill-word' instead of
4756 Instead of rebinding C-k and the other keys in the minor mode map,
4757 command remapping allows you to directly map `kill-line' into
4758 `my-kill-line' and `kill-word' into `my-kill-word' using `define-key':
4760 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-line] 'my-kill-line)
4761 (define-key my-mode-map [remap kill-word] 'my-kill-word)
4763 When `my-mode' is enabled, its minor mode keymap is enabled too. So
4764 when the user types C-k, that runs the command `my-kill-line'.
4766 Only one level of remapping is supported. In the above example, this
4767 means that if `my-kill-line' is remapped to `other-kill', then C-k still
4768 runs `my-kill-line'.
4770 The following changes have been made to provide command remapping:
4772 - Command remappings are defined using `define-key' with a prefix-key
4773 `remap', i.e. `(define-key MAP [remap CMD] DEF)' remaps command CMD
4774 to definition DEF in keymap MAP. The definition is not limited to
4775 another command; it can be anything accepted for a normal binding.
4777 - The new function `command-remapping' returns the binding for a
4778 remapped command in the current keymaps, or nil if not remapped.
4780 - `key-binding' now remaps interactive commands unless the optional
4781 third argument NO-REMAP is non-nil.
4783 - `where-is-internal' now returns nil for a remapped command (e.g.
4784 `kill-line', when `my-mode' is enabled), and the actual key binding for
4785 the command it is remapped to (e.g. C-k for my-kill-line).
4786 It also has a new optional fifth argument, NO-REMAP, which inhibits
4787 remapping if non-nil (e.g. it returns "C-k" for `kill-line', and
4788 "<kill-line>" for `my-kill-line').
4790 - The new variable `this-original-command' contains the original
4791 command before remapping. It is equal to `this-command' when the
4792 command was not remapped.
4794 *** If text has a `keymap' property, that keymap takes precedence
4795 over minor mode keymaps.
4797 *** The `keymap' property now also works at the ends of overlays and
4798 text properties, according to their stickiness. This also means that it
4799 works with empty overlays. The same hold for the `local-map' property.
4801 *** `key-binding' will now look up mouse-specific bindings. The
4802 keymaps consulted by `key-binding' will get adapted if the key
4803 sequence is started with a mouse event. Instead of letting the click
4804 position be determined from the key sequence itself, it is also
4805 possible to specify it with an optional argument explicitly.
4807 *** Dense keymaps now handle inheritance correctly.
4809 Previously a dense keymap would hide all of the simple-char key
4810 bindings of the parent keymap.
4812 *** `define-key-after' now accepts keys longer than 1.
4814 *** New function `current-active-maps' returns a list of currently
4817 *** New function `describe-buffer-bindings' inserts the list of all
4818 defined keys and their definitions.
4820 *** New function `keymap-prompt' returns the prompt string of a keymap.
4822 *** (map-keymap FUNCTION KEYMAP) applies the function to each binding
4825 *** New variable `emulation-mode-map-alists'.
4827 Lisp packages using many minor mode keymaps can now maintain their own
4828 keymap alist separate from `minor-mode-map-alist' by adding their
4829 keymap alist to this list.
4831 *** The definition of a key-binding passed to define-key can use XEmacs-style
4832 key-sequences, such as [(control a)].
4837 *** The new function `copy-abbrev-table' copies an abbrev table.
4839 It returns a new abbrev table that is a copy of a given abbrev table.
4842 *** `define-abbrev' now accepts an optional argument SYSTEM-FLAG.
4844 If non-nil, this marks the abbrev as a "system" abbrev, which means
4845 that it won't be stored in the user's abbrevs file if he saves the
4846 abbrevs. Major modes that predefine some abbrevs should always
4850 ** Enhancements to process support
4852 *** Function `list-processes' now has an optional argument; if non-nil,
4853 it lists only the processes whose query-on-exit flag is set.
4855 *** New fns `set-process-query-on-exit-flag' and `process-query-on-exit-flag'.
4857 These replace the old function `process-kill-without-query'. That
4858 function is still supported, but new code should use the new
4861 *** Function `signal-process' now accepts a process object or process
4862 name in addition to a process id to identify the signaled process.
4864 *** Processes now have an associated property list where programs can
4865 maintain process state and other per-process related information.
4867 Use the new functions `process-get' and `process-put' to access, add,
4868 and modify elements on this property list. Use the new functions
4869 `process-plist' and `set-process-plist' to access and replace the
4870 entire property list of a process.
4872 *** Function `accept-process-output' has a new optional fourth arg
4873 JUST-THIS-ONE. If non-nil, only output from the specified process
4874 is handled, suspending output from other processes. If value is an
4875 integer, also inhibit running timers. This feature is generally not
4876 recommended, but may be necessary for specific applications, such as
4879 *** Adaptive read buffering of subprocess output.
4881 On some systems, when emacs reads the output from a subprocess, the
4882 output data is read in very small blocks, potentially resulting in
4883 very poor performance. This behavior can be remedied to some extent
4884 by setting the new variable `process-adaptive-read-buffering' to a
4885 non-nil value (the default), as it will automatically delay reading
4886 from such processes, allowing them to produce more output before
4887 emacs tries to read it.
4889 *** The new function `call-process-shell-command'.
4891 This executes a shell command synchronously in a separate process.
4893 *** The new function `process-file' is similar to `call-process', but
4894 obeys file handlers. The file handler is chosen based on
4895 `default-directory'.
4897 *** A process filter function gets the output as multibyte string
4898 if the process specifies t for its filter's multibyteness.
4900 That multibyteness is decided by the value of
4901 `default-enable-multibyte-characters' when the process is created, and
4902 you can change it later with `set-process-filter-multibyte'.
4904 *** The new function `set-process-filter-multibyte' sets the
4905 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4907 *** The new function `process-filter-multibyte-p' returns the
4908 multibyteness of the strings passed to the process's filter.
4910 *** If a process's coding system is `raw-text' or `no-conversion' and its
4911 buffer is multibyte, the output of the process is at first converted
4912 to multibyte by `string-to-multibyte' then inserted in the buffer.
4913 Previously, it was converted to multibyte by `string-as-multibyte',
4914 which was not compatible with the behavior of file reading.
4917 ** Enhanced networking support.
4919 *** The new `make-network-process' function makes network connections.
4920 It allows opening of stream and datagram connections to a server, as well as
4921 create a stream or datagram server inside emacs.
4923 - A server is started using :server t arg.
4924 - Datagram connection is selected using :type 'datagram arg.
4925 - A server can open on a random port using :service t arg.
4926 - Local sockets are supported using :family 'local arg.
4927 - IPv6 is supported (when available). You may explicitly select IPv6
4928 using :family 'ipv6 arg.
4929 - Non-blocking connect is supported using :nowait t arg.
4930 - The process' property list can be initialized using :plist PLIST arg;
4931 a copy of the server process' property list is automatically inherited
4932 by new client processes created to handle incoming connections.
4934 To test for the availability of a given feature, use featurep like this:
4935 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:type datagram))
4936 (featurep 'make-network-process '(:family ipv6))
4938 *** The old `open-network-stream' now uses `make-network-process'.
4940 *** New functions `process-datagram-address', `set-process-datagram-address'.
4942 These functions are used with datagram-based network processes to get
4943 and set the current address of the remote partner.
4945 *** New function `format-network-address'.
4947 This function reformats the Lisp representation of a network address
4948 to a printable string. For example, an IP address A.B.C.D and port
4949 number P is represented as a five element vector [A B C D P], and the
4950 printable string returned for this vector is "A.B.C.D:P". See the doc
4951 string for other formatting options.
4953 *** `process-contact' has an optional KEY argument.
4955 Depending on this argument, you can get the complete list of network
4956 process properties or a specific property. Using :local or :remote as
4957 the KEY, you get the address of the local or remote end-point.
4959 An Inet address is represented as a 5 element vector, where the first
4960 4 elements contain the IP address and the fifth is the port number.
4962 *** New functions `stop-process' and `continue-process'.
4964 These functions stop and restart communication through a network
4965 connection. For a server process, no connections are accepted in the
4966 stopped state. For a client process, no input is received in the
4969 *** New function `network-interface-list'.
4971 This function returns a list of network interface names and their
4972 current network addresses.
4974 *** New function `network-interface-info'.
4976 This function returns the network address, hardware address, current
4977 status, and other information about a specific network interface.
4979 *** Deleting a network process with `delete-process' calls the sentinel.
4981 The status message passed to the sentinel for a deleted network
4982 process is "deleted". The message passed to the sentinel when the
4983 connection is closed by the remote peer has been changed to
4984 "connection broken by remote peer".
4986 ** Using window objects:
4989 *** New function `window-body-height'.
4991 This is like `window-height' but does not count the mode line or the
4995 *** You can now make a window as short as one line.
4997 A window that is just one line tall does not display either a mode
4998 line or a header line, even if the variables `mode-line-format' and
4999 `header-line-format' call for them. A window that is two lines tall
5000 cannot display both a mode line and a header line at once; if the
5001 variables call for both, only the mode line actually appears.
5004 *** The new function `window-inside-edges' returns the edges of the
5005 actual text portion of the window, not including the scroll bar or
5006 divider line, the fringes, the display margins, the header line and
5010 *** The new functions `window-pixel-edges' and `window-inside-pixel-edges'
5011 return window edges in units of pixels, rather than columns and lines.
5014 *** The new macro `with-selected-window' temporarily switches the
5015 selected window without impacting the order of `buffer-list'.
5016 It saves and restores the current buffer, too.
5019 *** `select-window' takes an optional second argument NORECORD.
5021 This is like `switch-to-buffer'.
5024 *** `save-selected-window' now saves and restores the selected window
5025 of every frame. This way, it restores everything that can be changed
5026 by calling `select-window'. It also saves and restores the current
5030 *** `set-window-buffer' has an optional argument KEEP-MARGINS.
5032 If non-nil, that says to preserve the window's current margin, fringe,
5033 and scroll-bar settings.
5036 *** The new function `window-tree' returns a frame's window tree.
5039 *** The functions `get-lru-window' and `get-largest-window' take an optional
5040 argument `dedicated'. If non-nil, those functions do not ignore
5044 *** The new function `adjust-window-trailing-edge' moves the right
5045 or bottom edge of a window. It does not move other window edges.
5048 ** Customizable fringe bitmaps
5050 *** New buffer-local variables `fringe-indicator-alist' and
5051 `fringe-cursor-alist' maps between logical (internal) fringe indicator
5052 and cursor symbols and the actual fringe bitmaps to be displayed.
5053 This decouples the logical meaning of the fringe indicators from the
5054 physical appearance, as well as allowing different fringe bitmaps to
5055 be used in different windows showing different buffers.
5057 *** New function `define-fringe-bitmap' can now be used to create new
5058 fringe bitmaps, as well as change the built-in fringe bitmaps.
5060 *** New function `destroy-fringe-bitmap' deletes a fringe bitmap
5061 or restores a built-in one to its default value.
5063 *** New function `set-fringe-bitmap-face' specifies the face to be
5064 used for a specific fringe bitmap. The face is automatically merged
5065 with the `fringe' face, so normally, the face should only specify the
5066 foreground color of the bitmap.
5068 *** There are new display properties, `left-fringe' and `right-fringe',
5069 that can be used to show a specific bitmap in the left or right fringe
5070 bitmap of the display line.
5072 Format is `display (left-fringe BITMAP [FACE])', where BITMAP is a
5073 symbol identifying a fringe bitmap, either built-in or defined with
5074 `define-fringe-bitmap', and FACE is an optional face name to be used
5075 for displaying the bitmap instead of the default `fringe' face.
5076 When specified, FACE is automatically merged with the `fringe' face.
5078 *** New function `fringe-bitmaps-at-pos' returns the current fringe
5079 bitmaps in the display line at a given buffer position.
5081 ** Other window fringe features:
5084 *** Controlling the default left and right fringe widths.
5086 The default left and right fringe widths for all windows of a frame
5087 can now be controlled by setting the `left-fringe' and `right-fringe'
5088 frame parameters to an integer value specifying the width in pixels.
5089 Setting the width to 0 effectively removes the corresponding fringe.
5091 The actual default fringe widths for the frame may deviate from the
5092 specified widths, since the combined fringe widths must match an
5093 integral number of columns. The extra width is distributed evenly
5094 between the left and right fringe. To force a specific fringe width,
5095 specify the width as a negative integer (if both widths are negative,
5096 only the left fringe gets the specified width).
5098 Setting the width to nil (the default), restores the default fringe
5099 width which is the minimum number of pixels necessary to display any
5100 of the currently defined fringe bitmaps. The width of the built-in
5101 fringe bitmaps is 8 pixels.
5104 *** Per-window fringe and scrollbar settings
5106 **** Windows can now have their own individual fringe widths and
5109 To control the fringe widths of a window, either set the buffer-local
5110 variables `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', or call
5111 `set-window-fringes'.
5113 To control the fringe position in a window, that is, whether fringes
5114 are positioned between the display margins and the window's text area,
5115 or at the edges of the window, either set the buffer-local variable
5116 `fringes-outside-margins' or call `set-window-fringes'.
5118 The function `window-fringes' can be used to obtain the current
5119 settings. To make `left-fringe-width', `right-fringe-width', and
5120 `fringes-outside-margins' take effect, you must set them before
5121 displaying the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force
5122 an update of the display margins.
5124 **** Windows can now have their own individual scroll-bar settings
5125 controlling the width and position of scroll-bars.
5127 To control the scroll-bar of a window, either set the buffer-local
5128 variables `scroll-bar-mode' and `scroll-bar-width', or call
5129 `set-window-scroll-bars'. The function `window-scroll-bars' can be
5130 used to obtain the current settings. To make `scroll-bar-mode' and
5131 `scroll-bar-width' take effect, you must set them before displaying
5132 the buffer in a window, or use `set-window-buffer' to force an update
5133 of the display margins.
5135 ** Redisplay features:
5138 *** `sit-for' can now be called with args (SECONDS &optional NODISP).
5141 *** Iconifying or deiconifying a frame no longer makes sit-for return.
5144 *** New function `redisplay' causes an immediate redisplay if no input is
5145 available, equivalent to (sit-for 0). The call (redisplay t) forces
5146 an immediate redisplay even if input is pending.
5149 *** New function `force-window-update' can initiate a full redisplay of
5150 one or all windows. Normally, this is not needed as changes in window
5151 contents are detected automatically. However, certain implicit
5152 changes to mode lines, header lines, or display properties may require
5153 forcing an explicit window update.
5156 *** (char-displayable-p CHAR) returns non-nil if Emacs ought to be able
5157 to display CHAR. More precisely, if the selected frame's fontset has
5158 a font to display the character set that CHAR belongs to.
5160 Fontsets can specify a font on a per-character basis; when the fontset
5161 does that, this value cannot be accurate.
5164 *** You can define multiple overlay arrows via the new
5165 variable `overlay-arrow-variable-list'.
5167 It contains a list of variables which contain overlay arrow position
5168 markers, including the original `overlay-arrow-position' variable.
5170 Each variable on this list can have individual `overlay-arrow-string'
5171 and `overlay-arrow-bitmap' properties that specify an overlay arrow
5172 string (for non-window terminals) or fringe bitmap (for window
5173 systems) to display at the corresponding overlay arrow position.
5174 If either property is not set, the default `overlay-arrow-string' or
5175 'overlay-arrow-fringe-bitmap' will be used.
5178 *** New `line-height' and `line-spacing' properties for newline characters
5180 A newline can now have `line-height' and `line-spacing' text or overlay
5181 properties that control the height of the corresponding display row.
5183 If the `line-height' property value is t, the newline does not
5184 contribute to the height of the display row; instead the height of the
5185 newline glyph is reduced. Also, a `line-spacing' property on this
5186 newline is ignored. This can be used to tile small images or image
5187 slices without adding blank areas between the images.
5189 If the `line-height' property value is a positive integer, the value
5190 specifies the minimum line height in pixels. If necessary, the line
5191 height it increased by increasing the line's ascent.
5193 If the `line-height' property value is a float, the minimum line
5194 height is calculated by multiplying the default frame line height by
5197 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (FACE . RATIO), the
5198 minimum line height is calculated as RATIO * height of named FACE.
5199 RATIO is int or float. If FACE is t, it specifies the current face.
5201 If the `line-height' property value is a cons (nil . RATIO), the line
5202 height is calculated as RATIO * actual height of the line's contents.
5204 If the `line-height' value is a cons (HEIGHT . TOTAL), HEIGHT specifies
5205 the line height as described above, while TOTAL is any of the forms
5206 described above and specifies the total height of the line, causing a
5207 varying number of pixels to be inserted after the line to make it line
5208 exactly that many pixels high.
5210 If the `line-spacing' property value is an positive integer, the value
5211 is used as additional pixels to insert after the display line; this
5212 overrides the default frame `line-spacing' and any buffer local value of
5213 the `line-spacing' variable.
5215 If the `line-spacing' property is a float or cons, the line spacing
5216 is calculated as specified above for the `line-height' property.
5219 *** The buffer local `line-spacing' variable can now have a float value,
5220 which is used as a height relative to the default frame line height.
5223 *** Enhancements to stretch display properties
5225 The display property stretch specification form `(space PROPS)', where
5226 PROPS is a property list, now allows pixel based width and height
5227 specifications, as well as enhanced horizontal text alignment.
5229 The value of these properties can now be a (primitive) expression
5230 which is evaluated during redisplay. The following expressions
5233 EXPR ::= NUM | (NUM) | UNIT | ELEM | POS | IMAGE | FORM
5234 NUM ::= INTEGER | FLOAT | SYMBOL
5235 UNIT ::= in | mm | cm | width | height
5236 ELEM ::= left-fringe | right-fringe | left-margin | right-margin
5238 POS ::= left | center | right
5239 FORM ::= (NUM . EXPR) | (OP EXPR ...)
5242 The form `NUM' specifies a fractional width or height of the default
5243 frame font size. The form `(NUM)' specifies an absolute number of
5244 pixels. If a symbol is specified, its buffer-local variable binding
5245 is used. The `in', `mm', and `cm' units specifies the number of
5246 pixels per inch, milli-meter, and centi-meter, resp. The `width' and
5247 `height' units correspond to the width and height of the current face
5248 font. An image specification corresponds to the width or height of
5251 The `left-fringe', `right-fringe', `left-margin', `right-margin',
5252 `scroll-bar', and `text' elements specify to the width of the
5253 corresponding area of the window.
5255 The `left', `center', and `right' positions can be used with :align-to
5256 to specify a position relative to the left edge, center, or right edge
5257 of the text area. One of the above window elements (except `text')
5258 can also be used with :align-to to specify that the position is
5259 relative to the left edge of the given area. Once the base offset for
5260 a relative position has been set (by the first occurrence of one of
5261 these symbols), further occurrences of these symbols are interpreted as
5262 the width of the area.
5264 For example, to align to the center of the left-margin, use
5265 :align-to (+ left-margin (0.5 . left-margin))
5267 If no specific base offset is set for alignment, it is always relative
5268 to the left edge of the text area. For example, :align-to 0 in a
5269 header line aligns with the first text column in the text area.
5271 The value of the form `(NUM . EXPR)' is the value of NUM multiplied by
5272 the value of the expression EXPR. For example, (2 . in) specifies a
5273 width of 2 inches, while (0.5 . IMAGE) specifies half the width (or
5274 height) of the specified image.
5276 The form `(+ EXPR ...)' adds up the value of the expressions.
5277 The form `(- EXPR ...)' negates or subtracts the value of the expressions.
5280 *** Normally, the cursor is displayed at the end of any overlay and
5281 text property string that may be present at the current window
5282 position. The cursor can now be placed on any character of such
5283 strings by giving that character a non-nil `cursor' text property.
5286 *** The display space :width and :align-to text properties are now
5287 supported on text terminals.
5290 *** Support for displaying image slices
5292 **** New display property (slice X Y WIDTH HEIGHT) can be used with
5293 an image property to display only a specific slice of the image.
5295 **** Function `insert-image' has new optional fourth arg to
5296 specify image slice (X Y WIDTH HEIGHT).
5298 **** New function `insert-sliced-image' inserts a given image as a
5299 specified number of evenly sized slices (rows x columns).
5302 *** Images can now have an associated image map via the :map property.
5304 An image map is an alist where each element has the format (AREA ID PLIST).
5305 An AREA is specified as either a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon:
5306 A rectangle is a cons (rect . ((X0 . Y0) . (X1 . Y1))) specifying the
5307 pixel coordinates of the upper left and bottom right corners.
5308 A circle is a cons (circle . ((X0 . Y0) . R)) specifying the center
5309 and the radius of the circle; R can be a float or integer.
5310 A polygon is a cons (poly . [X0 Y0 X1 Y1 ...]) where each pair in the
5311 vector describes one corner in the polygon.
5313 When the mouse pointer is above a hot-spot area of an image, the
5314 PLIST of that hot-spot is consulted; if it contains a `help-echo'
5315 property it defines a tool-tip for the hot-spot, and if it contains
5316 a `pointer' property, it defines the shape of the mouse cursor when
5317 it is over the hot-spot. See the variable `void-area-text-pointer'
5318 for possible pointer shapes.
5320 When you click the mouse when the mouse pointer is over a hot-spot,
5321 an event is composed by combining the ID of the hot-spot with the
5322 mouse event, e.g. [area4 mouse-1] if the hot-spot's ID is `area4'.
5325 *** The function `find-image' now searches in etc/images/ and etc/.
5326 The new variable `image-load-path' is a list of locations in which to
5327 search for image files. The default is to search in etc/images, then
5328 in etc/, and finally in the directories specified by `load-path'.
5329 Subdirectories of etc/ and etc/images are not recursively searched; if
5330 you put an image file in a subdirectory, you have to specify it
5331 explicitly; for example, if an image is put in etc/images/foo/bar.xpm:
5333 (defimage foo-image '((:type xpm :file "foo/bar.xpm")))
5335 Note that all images formerly located in the lisp directory have been
5336 moved to etc/images.
5339 *** New function `image-load-path-for-library' returns a suitable
5340 search path for images relative to library. This function is useful in
5341 external packages to save users from having to update
5345 *** The new variable `max-image-size' defines the maximum size of
5346 images that Emacs will load and display.
5349 *** The new variable `display-mm-dimensions-alist' can be used to
5350 override incorrect graphical display dimensions returned by functions
5351 `display-mm-height' and `display-mm-width'.
5353 ** Mouse pointer features:
5357 *** The mouse pointer shape in void text areas (i.e. after the end of a
5358 line or below the last line in the buffer) of the text window is now
5359 controlled by the new variable `void-text-area-pointer'. The default
5360 is to use the `arrow' (non-text) pointer. Other choices are `text'
5361 (or nil), `hand', `vdrag', `hdrag', `modeline', and `hourglass'.
5364 *** The mouse pointer shape over an image can now be controlled by the
5365 :pointer image property.
5368 *** The mouse pointer shape over ordinary text or images can now be
5369 controlled/overridden via the `pointer' text property.
5371 ** Mouse event enhancements:
5374 *** Mouse events for clicks on window fringes now specify `left-fringe'
5375 or `right-fringe' as the area.
5378 *** All mouse events now include a buffer position regardless of where
5379 you clicked. For mouse clicks in window margins and fringes, this is
5380 a sensible buffer position corresponding to the surrounding text.
5383 *** `posn-point' now returns buffer position for non-text area events.
5386 *** Function `mouse-set-point' now works for events outside text area.
5389 *** New function `posn-area' returns window area clicked on (nil means
5393 *** Mouse events include actual glyph column and row for all event types
5397 *** New function `posn-actual-col-row' returns the actual glyph coordinates
5398 of the mouse event position.
5401 *** Mouse events can now indicate an image object clicked on.
5404 *** Mouse events include relative X and Y pixel coordinates relative to
5405 the top left corner of the object (image or character) clicked on.
5408 *** Mouse events include the pixel width and height of the object
5409 (image or character) clicked on.
5412 *** New functions 'posn-object', 'posn-object-x-y', 'posn-object-width-height'.
5414 These return the image or string object of a mouse click, the X and Y
5415 pixel coordinates relative to the top left corner of that object, and
5416 the total width and height of that object.
5418 ** Text property and overlay changes:
5421 *** Arguments for `remove-overlays' are now optional, so that you can
5422 remove all overlays in the buffer with just (remove-overlays).
5425 *** New variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5427 This variable allows you to create alternative names for text
5428 properties. It works at the same level as `default-text-properties',
5429 although it applies to overlays as well. This variable was introduced
5430 to implement the `font-lock-face' property.
5433 *** New function `get-char-property-and-overlay' accepts the same
5434 arguments as `get-char-property' and returns a cons whose car is the
5435 return value of `get-char-property' called with those arguments and
5436 whose cdr is the overlay in which the property was found, or nil if
5437 it was found as a text property or not found at all.
5440 *** The new function `remove-list-of-text-properties'.
5442 It is like `remove-text-properties' except that it takes a list of
5443 property names as argument rather than a property list.
5448 *** The variable `facemenu-unlisted-faces' has been removed.
5449 Emacs has a lot more faces than in the past, and nearly all of them
5450 needed to be excluded. The new variable `facemenu-listed-faces' lists
5451 the faces to include in the face menu.
5454 *** The new face attribute condition `min-colors' can be used to tailor
5455 the face color to the number of colors supported by a display, and
5456 define the foreground and background colors accordingly so that they
5457 look best on a terminal that supports at least this many colors. This
5458 is now the preferred method for defining default faces in a way that
5459 makes a good use of the capabilities of the display.
5462 *** New function `display-supports-face-attributes-p' can be used to test
5463 whether a given set of face attributes is actually displayable.
5465 A new predicate `supports' has also been added to the `defface' face
5466 specification language, which can be used to do this test for faces
5467 defined with `defface'.
5470 *** The special treatment of faces whose names are of the form `fg:COLOR'
5471 or `bg:COLOR' has been removed. Lisp programs should use the
5472 `defface' facility for defining faces with specific colors, or use
5473 the feature of specifying the face attributes :foreground and :background
5474 directly in the `face' property instead of using a named face.
5477 *** The first face specification element in a defface can specify
5478 `default' instead of frame classification. Then its attributes act as
5479 defaults that apply to all the subsequent cases (and can be overridden
5483 *** The variable `face-font-rescale-alist' specifies how much larger
5484 (or smaller) font we should use. For instance, if the value is
5485 '((SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN . 1.3)) and a face requests a font of 10
5486 point, we actually use a font of 13 point if the font matches
5487 SOME-FONTNAME-PATTERN.
5490 *** The function `face-differs-from-default-p' now truly checks
5491 whether the given face displays differently from the default face or
5492 not (previously it did only a very cursory check).
5495 *** `face-attribute', `face-foreground', `face-background', `face-stipple'.
5497 These now accept a new optional argument, INHERIT, which controls how
5498 face inheritance is used when determining the value of a face
5502 *** New functions `face-attribute-relative-p' and `merge-face-attribute'
5503 help with handling relative face attributes.
5506 *** The priority of faces in an :inherit attribute face list is reversed.
5508 If a face contains an :inherit attribute with a list of faces, earlier
5509 faces in the list override later faces in the list; in previous
5510 releases of Emacs, the order was the opposite. This change was made
5511 so that :inherit face lists operate identically to face lists in text
5515 *** On terminals, faces with the :inverse-video attribute are displayed
5516 with swapped foreground and background colors even when one of them is
5517 not specified. In previous releases of Emacs, if either foreground
5518 or background color was unspecified, colors were not swapped. This
5519 was inconsistent with the face behavior under X.
5522 *** `set-fontset-font', `fontset-info', `fontset-font' now operate on
5523 the default fontset if the argument NAME is nil..
5525 ** Font-Lock changes:
5528 *** New special text property `font-lock-face'.
5530 This property acts like the `face' property, but it is controlled by
5531 M-x font-lock-mode. It is not, strictly speaking, a builtin text
5532 property. Instead, it is implemented inside font-core.el, using the
5533 new variable `char-property-alias-alist'.
5536 *** font-lock can manage arbitrary text-properties beside `face'.
5538 **** the FACENAME returned in `font-lock-keywords' can be a list of the
5539 form (face FACE PROP1 VAL1 PROP2 VAL2 ...) so you can set other
5540 properties than `face'.
5542 **** `font-lock-extra-managed-props' can be set to make sure those
5543 extra properties are automatically cleaned up by font-lock.
5546 *** jit-lock obeys a new text-property `jit-lock-defer-multiline'.
5548 If a piece of text with that property gets contextually refontified
5549 (see `jit-lock-defer-contextually'), then all of that text will
5550 be refontified. This is useful when the syntax of a textual element
5551 depends on text several lines further down (and when `font-lock-multiline'
5552 is not appropriate to solve that problem). For example in Perl:
5560 Adding/removing the last `e' changes the `bar' from being a piece of
5561 text to being a piece of code, so you'd put a `jit-lock-defer-multiline'
5562 property over the second half of the command to force (deferred)
5563 refontification of `bar' whenever the `e' is added/removed.
5565 *** `font-lock-extend-region-functions' makes it possible to alter the way
5566 the fontification region is chosen. This can be used to prevent rounding
5567 up to whole lines, or to extend the region to include all related lines
5568 of multiline constructs so that such constructs get properly recognized.
5570 ** Major mode mechanism changes:
5573 *** If new variable `auto-mode-case-fold' is set to a non-nil value,
5574 Emacs will perform a second case-insensitive search through
5575 `auto-mode-alist' if the first case-sensitive search fails.
5576 This means that a file FILE.TXT is opened in text-mode, and a file PROG.PY
5577 is opened in python-mode. Note however, that independent of this
5578 setting, *.C files are usually recognized as C++ files.
5579 It also has no effect on systems with case-insensitive file names.
5582 *** New variable `magic-mode-alist' determines major mode for a file by
5583 looking at the file contents. It takes precedence over `auto-mode-alist'.
5586 *** An interpreter magic line (if present) takes precedence over the
5587 file name when setting the major mode.
5590 *** XML or SGML major mode is selected when file starts with an `<?xml'
5591 or `<!DOCTYPE' declaration.
5594 *** Use the new function `run-mode-hooks' to run the major mode's mode hook.
5597 *** All major mode functions should now run the new normal hook
5598 `after-change-major-mode-hook', at their very end, after the mode
5599 hooks. `run-mode-hooks' does this automatically.
5602 *** If a major mode function has a non-nil `no-clone-indirect'
5603 property, `clone-indirect-buffer' signals an error if you use
5607 *** Major modes can define `eldoc-documentation-function'
5608 locally to provide Eldoc functionality by some method appropriate to
5612 *** `define-derived-mode' by default creates a new empty abbrev table.
5613 It does not copy abbrevs from the parent mode's abbrev table.
5616 *** The new function `run-mode-hooks' and the new macro `delay-mode-hooks'
5617 are used by `define-derived-mode' to make sure the mode hook for the
5618 parent mode is run at the end of the child mode.
5620 ** Minor mode changes:
5623 *** `define-minor-mode' now accepts arbitrary additional keyword arguments
5624 and simply passes them to `defcustom', if applicable.
5627 *** `minor-mode-list' now holds a list of minor mode commands.
5630 *** `define-global-minor-mode'.
5632 This is a new name for what was formerly called
5633 `easy-mmode-define-global-mode'. The old name remains as an alias.
5635 ** Command loop changes:
5638 *** The new function `called-interactively-p' does what many people
5639 have mistakenly believed `interactive-p' to do: it returns t if the
5640 calling function was called through `call-interactively'.
5642 Only use this when you cannot solve the problem by adding a new
5643 INTERACTIVE argument to the command.
5646 *** The function `commandp' takes an additional optional argument.
5648 If it is non-nil, then `commandp' checks for a function that could be
5649 called with `call-interactively', and does not return t for keyboard
5653 *** When a command returns, the command loop moves point out from
5654 within invisible text, in the same way it moves out from within text
5655 covered by an image or composition property.
5657 This makes it generally unnecessary to mark invisible text as intangible.
5658 This is particularly good because the intangible property often has
5659 unexpected side-effects since the property applies to everything
5660 (including `goto-char', ...) whereas this new code is only run after
5661 `post-command-hook' and thus does not care about intermediate states.
5664 *** If a command sets `transient-mark-mode' to `only', that
5665 enables Transient Mark mode for the following command only.
5666 During that following command, the value of `transient-mark-mode'
5667 is `identity'. If it is still `identity' at the end of the command,
5668 the next return to the command loop changes to nil.
5671 *** Both the variable and the function `disabled-command-hook' have
5672 been renamed to `disabled-command-function'. The variable
5673 `disabled-command-hook' has been kept as an obsolete alias.
5676 *** `emacsserver' now runs `pre-command-hook' and `post-command-hook'
5677 when it receives a request from emacsclient.
5680 *** `current-idle-time' reports how long Emacs has been idle.
5682 ** Lisp file loading changes:
5685 *** `load-history' can now have elements of the form (t . FUNNAME),
5686 which means FUNNAME was previously defined as an autoload (before the
5687 current file redefined it).
5690 *** `load-history' now records (defun . FUNNAME) when a function is
5691 defined. For a variable, it records just the variable name.
5694 *** The function `symbol-file' can now search specifically for function,
5695 variable or face definitions.
5698 *** `provide' and `featurep' now accept an optional second argument
5699 to test/provide subfeatures. Also `provide' now checks `after-load-alist'
5700 and runs any code associated with the provided feature.
5703 *** The variable `recursive-load-depth-limit' has been deleted.
5704 Emacs now signals an error if the same file is loaded with more
5705 than 3 levels of nesting.
5708 ** Byte compiler changes:
5710 *** The byte compiler now displays the actual line and character
5711 position of errors, where possible. Additionally, the form of its
5712 warning and error messages have been brought into line with GNU standards
5713 for these. As a result, you can use next-error and friends on the
5714 compilation output buffer.
5716 *** The new macro `with-no-warnings' suppresses all compiler warnings
5717 inside its body. In terms of execution, it is equivalent to `progn'.
5719 *** You can avoid warnings for possibly-undefined symbols with a
5720 simple convention that the compiler understands. (This is mostly
5721 useful in code meant to be portable to different Emacs versions.)
5722 Write forms like the following, or code that macroexpands into such
5725 (if (fboundp 'foo) <then> <else>)
5726 (if (boundp 'foo) <then> <else)
5728 In the first case, using `foo' as a function inside the <then> form
5729 won't produce a warning if it's not defined as a function, and in the
5730 second case, using `foo' as a variable won't produce a warning if it's
5731 unbound. The test must be in exactly one of the above forms (after
5732 macro expansion), but such tests can be nested. Note that `when' and
5733 `unless' expand to `if', but `cond' doesn't.
5735 *** `(featurep 'xemacs)' is treated by the compiler as nil. This
5736 helps to avoid noisy compiler warnings in code meant to run under both
5737 Emacs and XEmacs and can sometimes make the result significantly more
5738 efficient. Since byte code from recent versions of XEmacs won't
5739 generally run in Emacs and vice versa, this optimization doesn't lose
5742 *** The local variable `no-byte-compile' in Lisp files is now obeyed.
5745 *** When a Lisp file uses CL functions at run-time, compiling the file
5746 now issues warnings about these calls, unless the file performs
5747 (require 'cl) when loaded.
5749 ** Frame operations:
5752 *** New functions `frame-current-scroll-bars' and `window-current-scroll-bars'.
5754 These functions return the current locations of the vertical and
5755 horizontal scroll bars in a frame or window.
5758 *** The new function `modify-all-frames-parameters' modifies parameters
5759 for all (existing and future) frames.
5762 *** The new frame parameter `tty-color-mode' specifies the mode to use
5763 for color support on character terminal frames. Its value can be a
5764 number of colors to support, or a symbol. See the Emacs Lisp
5765 Reference manual for more detailed documentation.
5768 *** When using non-toolkit scroll bars with the default width,
5769 the `scroll-bar-width' frame parameter value is nil.
5774 *** Already true in Emacs 21.1, but not emphasized clearly enough:
5776 Multibyte buffers can now faithfully record all 256 character codes
5777 from 0 to 255. As a result, most of the past reasons to use unibyte
5778 buffers no longer exist. We only know of three reasons to use them
5781 1. If you prefer to use unibyte text all of the time.
5783 2. For reading files into temporary buffers, when you want to avoid
5784 the time it takes to convert the format.
5786 3. For binary files where format conversion would be pointless and
5790 *** `set-buffer-file-coding-system' now takes an additional argument,
5791 NOMODIFY. If it is non-nil, it means don't mark the buffer modified.
5794 *** The new variable `auto-coding-functions' lets you specify functions
5795 to examine a file being visited and deduce the proper coding system
5796 for it. (If the coding system is detected incorrectly for a specific
5797 file, you can put a `coding:' tags to override it.)
5800 *** The new function `merge-coding-systems' fills in unspecified aspects
5801 of one coding system from another coding system.
5804 *** New coding system property `mime-text-unsuitable' indicates that
5805 the coding system's `mime-charset' is not suitable for MIME text
5809 *** New function `decode-coding-inserted-region' decodes a region as if
5810 it is read from a file without decoding.
5813 *** New CCL functions `lookup-character' and `lookup-integer' access
5814 hash tables defined by the Lisp function `define-translation-hash-table'.
5817 *** New function `quail-find-key' returns a list of keys to type in the
5818 current input method to input a character.
5820 ** Mode line changes:
5823 *** New function `format-mode-line'.
5825 This returns the mode line or header line of the selected (or a
5826 specified) window as a string with or without text properties.
5829 *** The new mode-line construct `(:propertize ELT PROPS...)' can be
5830 used to add text properties to mode-line elements.
5833 *** The new `%i' and `%I' constructs for `mode-line-format' can be used
5834 to display the size of the accessible part of the buffer on the mode
5838 *** Mouse-face on mode-line (and header-line) is now supported.
5840 ** Menu manipulation changes:
5843 *** To manipulate the File menu using easy-menu, you must specify the
5844 proper name "file". In previous Emacs versions, you had to specify
5845 "files", even though the menu item itself was changed to say "File"
5846 several versions ago.
5849 *** The dummy function keys made by easy-menu are now always lower case.
5850 If you specify the menu item name "Ada", for instance, it uses `ada'
5851 as the "key" bound by that key binding.
5853 This is relevant only if Lisp code looks for the bindings that were
5854 made with easy-menu.
5857 *** `easy-menu-define' now allows you to use nil for the symbol name
5858 if you don't need to give the menu a name. If you install the menu
5859 into other keymaps right away (MAPS is non-nil), it usually doesn't
5860 need to have a name.
5862 ** Operating system access:
5865 *** The new primitive `get-internal-run-time' returns the processor
5866 run time used by Emacs since start-up.
5869 *** Functions `user-uid' and `user-real-uid' now return floats if the
5870 user UID doesn't fit in a Lisp integer. Function `user-full-name'
5871 accepts a float as UID parameter.
5874 *** New function `locale-info' accesses locale information.
5877 *** On MS Windows, locale-coding-system is used to interact with the OS.
5878 The Windows specific variable w32-system-coding-system, which was
5879 formerly used for that purpose is now an alias for locale-coding-system.
5882 *** New function `redirect-debugging-output' can be used to redirect
5883 debugging output on the stderr file handle to a file.
5888 *** A number of hooks have been renamed to better follow the conventions:
5890 `find-file-hooks' to `find-file-hook',
5891 `find-file-not-found-hooks' to `find-file-not-found-functions',
5892 `write-file-hooks' to `write-file-functions',
5893 `write-contents-hooks' to `write-contents-functions',
5894 `x-lost-selection-hooks' to `x-lost-selection-functions',
5895 `x-sent-selection-hooks' to `x-sent-selection-functions',
5896 `delete-frame-hook' to `delete-frame-functions'.
5898 In each case the old name remains as an alias for the moment.
5901 *** Variable `local-write-file-hooks' is marked obsolete.
5903 Use the LOCAL arg of `add-hook'.
5906 *** New function `x-send-client-message' sends a client message when
5912 *** New variable `gc-cons-percentage' automatically grows the GC cons threshold
5913 as the heap size increases.
5916 *** New variables `gc-elapsed' and `gcs-done' provide extra information
5917 on garbage collection.
5920 *** The normal hook `post-gc-hook' is run at the end of garbage collection.
5922 The hook is run with GC inhibited, so use it with care.
5924 * New Packages for Lisp Programming in Emacs 22.1
5927 ** The new library button.el implements simple and fast `clickable
5928 buttons' in emacs buffers. Buttons are much lighter-weight than the
5929 `widgets' implemented by widget.el, and can be used by lisp code that
5930 doesn't require the full power of widgets. Emacs uses buttons for
5931 such things as help and apropos buffers.
5934 ** The new library tree-widget.el provides a widget to display a set
5935 of hierarchical data as an outline. For example, the tree-widget is
5936 well suited to display a hierarchy of directories and files.
5939 ** The new library bindat.el provides functions to unpack and pack
5940 binary data structures, such as network packets, to and from Lisp
5944 ** master-mode.el implements a minor mode for scrolling a slave
5945 buffer without leaving your current buffer, the master buffer.
5947 It can be used by sql.el, for example: the SQL buffer is the master
5948 and its SQLi buffer is the slave. This allows you to scroll the SQLi
5949 buffer containing the output from the SQL buffer containing the
5952 This is how to use sql.el and master.el together: the variable
5953 sql-buffer contains the slave buffer. It is a local variable in the
5956 (add-hook 'sql-mode-hook
5957 (function (lambda ()
5959 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5960 (add-hook 'sql-set-sqli-hook
5961 (function (lambda ()
5962 (master-set-slave sql-buffer))))
5965 ** The new library benchmark.el does timing measurements on Lisp code.
5967 This includes measuring garbage collection time.
5970 ** The new library testcover.el does test coverage checking.
5972 This is so you can tell whether you've tested all paths in your Lisp
5973 code. It works with edebug.
5975 The function `testcover-start' instruments all functions in a given
5976 file. Then test your code. The function `testcover-mark-all' adds
5977 overlay "splotches" to the Lisp file's buffer to show where coverage
5978 is lacking. The command `testcover-next-mark' (bind it to a key!)
5979 will move point forward to the next spot that has a splotch.
5981 Normally, a red splotch indicates the form was never completely
5982 evaluated; a brown splotch means it always evaluated to the same
5983 value. The red splotches are skipped for forms that can't possibly
5984 complete their evaluation, such as `error'. The brown splotches are
5985 skipped for forms that are expected to always evaluate to the same
5986 value, such as (setq x 14).
5988 For difficult cases, you can add do-nothing macros to your code to
5989 help out the test coverage tool. The macro `noreturn' suppresses a
5990 red splotch. It is an error if the argument to `noreturn' does
5991 return. The macro `1value' suppresses a brown splotch for its argument.
5992 This macro is a no-op except during test-coverage -- then it signals
5993 an error if the argument actually returns differing values.
5997 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
5998 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
6000 GNU Emacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
6001 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6002 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
6005 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
6006 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
6007 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
6008 GNU General Public License for more details.
6010 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
6011 along with GNU Emacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the
6012 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
6013 Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
6018 paragraph-separate: "[
\f]*$"
6021 arch-tag: 1aca9dfa-2ac4-4d14-bebf-0007cee12793