code.delx.au - gnu-emacs/blob - leim/quail/ipa.el

   1 ;;; ipa.el --- Quail package for inputting IPA characters  -*-coding: utf-8;-*-
   2
   3 ;; Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
   4 ;;   2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
   5 ;;   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
   6 ;;   Registration Number H14PRO021
   7 ;; Licensed to the Free Software Foundation.
   8 ;; Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   9
  10 ;; Keywords: multilingual, input method, IPA
  11
  12 ;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.
  13
  14 ;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
  15 ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  16 ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  17 ;; (at your option) any later version.
  18
  19 ;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  20 ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  21 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
  22 ;; GNU General Public License for more details.
  23
  24 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  25 ;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  26
  27 ;;; Commentary:
  28
  29 ;;; Code:
  30
  31 (require 'quail)
  32 (eval-when-compile (require 'cl))
  33
  34 (quail-define-package
  35  "ipa" "IPA" "IPA" t
  36  "International Phonetic Alphabet for English, French, German and Italian
  37
  38 Upside-down characters are obtained by a preceding slash (/)."
  39  nil t nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil t)
  40
  41 (quail-define-rules
  42  ("i" ?i)
  43  ("I" ?ɪ)
  44  ("e" ?e)
  45  ("/3" ?ɛ)
  46  ("E" ?ɛ)
  47  ("ae" ?æ)
  48  ("a" ?a)
  49  ("i-" ?ɨ)
  50  ("/e" ?ə)
  51  ("/a" ?ɐ)
  52  ("/m" ?ɯ)
  53  ("&" ?ɤ)
  54  ("/v" ?ʌ)
  55  ("A" ?ɑ)
  56  ("o|" ?ɑ)
  57  ("y" ?y)
  58  ("Y" ?ʏ)
  59  ("o/" ?ø)
  60  ("oe" ?œ)
  61  ("OE" ?ɶ)
  62  ("u-" ?ʉ)
  63  ("o-" ?ɵ)
  64  ("u" ?u)
  65  ("U" ?ʊ)
  66  ("o" ?o)
  67  ("/c" ?ɔ)
  68  ("/A" ?ɒ)
  69  ("|o" ?ɒ)
  70  ("e-" ?ɚ)
  71  ("e|" ?ɚ)
  72  ("/3~" ["ɛ̃"])
  73  ("E~" ["ɛ̃"])
  74  ("A~" ["ɑ̃"])
  75  ("oe~" ["œ̃"])
  76  ("/c~" ["ɔ̃"])
  77  ("p" ?p)
  78  ("b" ?b)
  79  ("t" ?t)
  80  ("d" ?d)
  81  ("k" ?k)
  82  ("g" ?g)
  83  ("f" ?f)
  84  ("v" ?v)
  85  ("th" ?θ)
  86  ("dh" ?ð)
  87  ("s" ?s)
  88  ("z" ?z)
  89  ("sh" ?ʃ)
  90  ("zh" ?ʒ)
  91  ("3" ?ʒ)
  92  ("c," ?ç)
  93  ("x" ?x)
  94  ("/R" ?ʁ)
  95  ("h" ?h)
  96  ("m" ?m)
  97  ("n" ?n)
  98  ("gn" ?ɲ)
  99  ("ng" ?ŋ)
 100  ("r" ?r)
 101  ("R" ?ʀ)
 102  ("/r" ?ɹ)
 103  ("j" ?j)
 104  ("l" ?l)
 105  ("/y" ?ʎ)
 106  ("L" ?ʟ)
 107  ("/h" ?ɥ)
 108  ("w" ?w)
 109  ("M" ?ʍ)
 110  ("'" ?ˈ)
 111  ("`" ?ˌ)
 112  (":" ?ː))
 113
 114 (quail-define-package
 115  "ipa-kirshenbaum" "IPA" "IPA-K" t
 116  "The International Phonetic Alphabet, using Kirshenbaum ASCII translit.
 117
 118 Kirshenbaum IPA is an ASCII transliteration of the phonetic alphabet, common
 119 in the Usenet groups `sci.lang' and `alt.usage.english'.  This input method
 120 allows you to type Kirshenbaum on your ASCII-capable keyboard, producing the
 121 corresponding actual IPA characters in your editor.
 122
 123 See http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf for full details of the
 124 transliteration.
 125
 126 A caveat with regard to that document; while XEmacs currently preserves
 127 Unicode diacritics on reading and emitting them, it displays them,
 128 incorrectly, as separate from the modified glyphs.")
 129
 130 (quail-define-rules
 131  ("r" "ɹ")     ;; Alveolar approximant                 U+0279
 132  ("A" "ɑ")     ;; Low back unrounded vowel             U+0251
 133  ("B" "β")     ;; Voiced bilabial fricative            U+03B2
 134  ("C" "ç")     ;; Voiced palatal fricative             U+00E7
 135  ("D" "ð")     ;; Voiced dental fricative              U+00F0
 136  ("E" "ɛ")     ;; Lower-mid front unrounded vowel      U+025B
 137  ("G" "ɢ")     ;; Voiced uvular stop                   U+0262
 138  ("H" "ħ")     ;; Voiced pharyngeal fricative          U+0127
 139  ("I" "ɪ")     ;; Semi-high front unrounded vowel      U+026A
 140  ("J" "ɟ")     ;; Voiced palatal stop                  U+025F
 141  ("L" ["ɫ"     ;; Voiced velar lateral                 U+026B
 142        "ʟ"     ;; Voiced velar lateral                 U+029F
 143        "ɬ"])   ;; Voiced alveolar lateral fricative    U+026C
 144  ("M" "ɱ")     ;; Labio-dental nasal                   U+0271
 145  ("N" "ŋ")     ;; Velar nasal                          U+014B
 146  ("O" "ɔ")     ;; Low-mid back rounded vowel           U+0254
 147  ("P" "ɸ")     ;; Voiceless bilabial fricative         U+0278
 148  ("Q" "ɣ")     ;; Voiced velar fricative               U+0263
 149  ("R" ["ʀ"     ;; Alveolar trill                       U+0280
 150        "ɚ"])    ;; Rhotacised schwa                    U+025A
 151  ("@<r>" "ɚ")  ;; Mid central rhotacised vowel         U+025A
 152  ("S" "ʃ")     ;; Voiced postalveolar fricative        U+0283
 153  ("T" "θ")     ;; Voiced dental fricative              U+03B8
 154  ("U" "ʊ")     ;; Semi-high back rounded vowel         U+028A
 155  ("V" "ʌ")     ;; Low-mid back unrounded vowel         U+028C
 156  ("W" "œ")     ;; Low-mid front rounded vowel          U+0153
 157  ("X" "χ")     ;; Voiceless uvular fricative           U+03C7
 158  ("Y" "ø")     ;; Upper-mid front rounded vowel        U+00F8
 159  ("Z" "ʒ")     ;; Voiced postalveolar fricative        U+0292
 160  ("?" "ʔ")     ;; Glottal stop                         U+0294
 161  ("@" "ə")     ;; Mid central unrounded vowel (schwa)  U+0259
 162  ("&" "æ")     ;; Low front unrounded vowel            U+00E6
 163  ("*" "ɾ")     ;; Voiced alveolar flap                 U+027E
 164
 165  ("a~" "ã")    ;; Low central unrounded vowel, nasal   U+00E3
 166  ("o~" "õ")    ;; Upper-mid back rounded vowel, nasal  U+00F5
 167  ("u~" "ũ")    ;; High back rounded vowel, nasal       U+0169
 168  ("~" "̃")     ;; +Nasalised modifier                  U+0303
 169  (":" "ː")     ;; +Long modifier                       U+02D0
 170  ("-" "̩")     ;; +Syllabic modifier                   U+0329
 171  ("." "̣")     ;; +Retroflex modifier                  U+0323
 172  ("`" "ʼ")     ;; +Ejective modifier                   U+02BC
 173  ("[" "̪")     ;; +Dental modifier                     U+032A
 174  (";" "ʲ")     ;; +Palatalised modifier                U+02B2
 175  ("<H>" "̴")   ;; +Pharyngealised modifier             U+0334
 176  ("<h>" "ʰ")   ;; +Aspirated modifier                  U+02B0
 177  ("<o>" ["̥"   ;; +Voiceless modifier                  U+0325
 178          "˚"]) ;; +Unexploded modifier                 U+02DA
 179  ("<r>" "ʳ")   ;; +Rhotacised modifier                 U+02B3
 180  ("<w>" "ʷ")   ;; +Labialised modifier                 U+02B7
 181  ("<?>" "ʱ")   ;; +Murmured modififer                  U+02B1
 182
 183  ("b<trl>" "ʙ")        ;; Bilabial trill                       U+0299
 184  ("b`" "ɓ")    ;; Bilabial implosive                   U+0253
 185  ("p!" "ʘ")    ;; Bilabial click                       U+0298
 186  ("r<lbd>" "ʋ")        ;; Labio-dental approximant             U+028B
 187  ("d`" "ɗ")    ;; Dental implosive                     U+0257
 188  ("t!" "ʇ")    ;; Dental click                         U+0287
 189  ("s<lat>" "ɬ")        ;; Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative U+026C
 190  ("z<lat>" "ɮ")        ;; Voiced alveolar lateral fricative    U+026E
 191  ("r<trl>" "ʀ")        ;; Alveolar trill                       U+0280
 192
 193  ("*<lat>" "ɺ")        ;; Voiced alveolar lateral flap         U+027A
 194  ("c!" "ʗ")    ;; Alveolar click                       U+0297
 195  ("l!" "ʖ")    ;; Alveolar lateral click               U+0296
 196  ("n." "ɳ")    ;; Retroflex nasal                      U+0273
 197  ("t." "ʈ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex stop             U+0288
 198  ("d." "ɖ")    ;; Voiced retroflex stop                U+0256
 199  ("s." "ʂ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex fricative        U+0282
 200  ("z." "ʐ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex fricative        U+0290
 201  ("r." "ɻ")    ;; Retroflex approximant                U+027B
 202  ("l." "ɭ")    ;; Retroflex lateral                    U+026D
 203  ("*." "ɽ")    ;; Retroflex flap                       U+027D
 204
 205  ("C<vcd>" "ʝ")        ;; Voiced palatal fricative             U+029D
 206  ("j<rnd>" "ɥ")        ;; Rounded palatal approximant          U+0265
 207  ("l^" "ʎ")    ;; Palatal lateral                      U+028E
 208  ("J`" "ʄ")    ;; Palatal implosive                    U+0284
 209  ("j<vel>" "ɰ")        ;; Velar approximant                    U+0270
 210  ("g`" "ɠ")    ;; Velar implosive                      U+0260
 211  ("k!" "ʞ")    ;; Velar click                          U+029E
 212
 213  ("n<lbv>" ["n⁀g"]) ;; Labio-velar nasal
 214  ("t<lbv>" ["k⁀p"]) ;; Voiceless labio-velar stop
 215
 216  ;; "n<lbv> for "gb" WITH U+2030 CHARACTER TIE was ambiguous and
 217  ;; misleading. I _believe_ this is what was meant instead.
 218  ("d<lbv>" ["g⁀b"]) ;; Voiced labio-velar stop.
 219
 220  ("w<vls>" "ʍ")        ;; Voiceless labio-velar stop           U+028D
 221  ("n\"" "ɴ")   ;; Uvular nasal                         U+0274
 222  ("g\"" "ʁ")   ;; Voiced uvular fricative              U+0281
 223  ("r\"" "ʀ")   ;; Uvular trill                         U+0280
 224  ("G`" "ʛ")    ;; Voiced uvular implosive              U+029B
 225  ("H<vcd>" "ʕ")        ;; Voiced pharyngeal fricative          U+0295
 226
 227  ("h<?>" "ɦ")  ;; Murmured glottal fricative           U+0266
 228  ("I." "ʏ")    ;; Semi-high front rounded vowel        U+028F
 229  ("&." "ɶ")    ;; Low front unrounded vowel            U+0276
 230
 231  ("i\"" "ɨ")   ;; High central unrounded vowel         U+0268
 232  ("u\"" "ʉ")   ;; High central rounded vowel           U+0289
 233  ("@<umd>" "ɘ")        ;; Upper-mid central unrounded vowel    U+0258
 234
 235  ("R<umd>" "ɝ")        ;; Upper-mid central rhotacised vowel   U+025D
 236
 237  ("@." "ɵ")    ;; Mid central rounded vowel            U+0275
 238  ("V\"" "ɜ")   ;; Lower-mid central unrounded vowel    U+025C
 239  ("O\"" "ɞ")   ;; Lower-mid central rounded vowel      U+025E
 240  ("u-" "ɯ")    ;; High back unrounded vowel            U+026F
 241  ("o-" "ɤ")    ;; Upper-mid back unrounded vowel       U+0264
 242  ("A." "ɒ"))   ;; Lower back rounded vowel             U+0252
 243
 244
 245 (defconst ipa-x-sampa-implosive-submap
 246   '(("b_<"   ?ɓ)   ;; Voiced bilabial implosive U+0253
 247     ("d_<"   ?ɗ)   ;; Voiced alveolar implosive U+0257
 248     ("g_<"   ?ɠ)   ;; Voiced velar implosive    U+0260
 249     ("G\\_<" ?ʛ)   ;; Voiced uvular implosive   U+029B
 250     ("J\\_<" ?ʄ))  ;; Voiced palatal implosive  U+0284
 251   "A map from the X-SAMPA for some implosive consonants to characters.
 252 This is used because their X-SAMPA syntax is quasi-diacritic, but the
 253 corresponding Unicode characters themselves don't have diacritics, they are
 254 separate code points.  So we need to implement some extra logic that isn't
 255 normally provided by Quail.")
 256
 257 ;; On XEmacs, with the supplied X-SAMPA data, this function is capably
 258 ;; implemented with:
 259 ;;
 260 ;;   (list (vector (concat to-prepend quail-keymap)))
 261 ;;
 262 ;; Supporting GNU Emacs too makes it a good deal more complicated.
 263
 264 (defun ipa-x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry (to-prepend quail-keymap)
 265   "Return QUAIL-KEYMAP with TO-PREPEND at the beginning of each result.
 266
 267 QUAIL-KEYMAP is a cons that satisfies `quail-map-p'; TO-PREPEND is a
 268 string."
 269   (when (consp quail-keymap) (setq quail-keymap (cdr quail-keymap)))
 270   (if (or (integerp quail-keymap)
 271           (and (fboundp 'characterp) (characterp quail-keymap)))
 272       (setq quail-keymap (list (string quail-keymap)))
 273     (if (stringp quail-keymap)
 274         (setq quail-keymap (list quail-keymap))
 275       (assert (vectorp quail-keymap) t)
 276       (setq quail-keymap (append quail-keymap nil))))
 277   (list
 278    (apply 'vector
 279           (mapcar
 280            #'(lambda (entry)
 281                (assert (char-or-string-p entry) t)
 282                (format "%s%s" to-prepend
 283                        (if (integerp entry) (string entry) entry)))
 284            quail-keymap))))
 285
 286 (defun ipa-x-sampa-underscore-implosive (input-string length)
 287   "Return keymap with IPA implosives, for INPUT-STRING, length LENGTH.
 288
 289 The implosive consonants in X-SAMPA are represented with more or less a
 290 diacritic syntax, but the property +implosive in the IPA is expressed using
 291 separate characters, and not using a diacritic.  This function works around
 292 the confusion that implies when generating IPA from X-SAMPA; it returns a
 293 Quail map that is a copy of the map for `_', but with all the DIACRITIC
 294 entries changed to return the diacritic together with the base character,
 295 and with the map to the implosive added to its end.
 296
 297 Like all `quail-defrule'-assigned functions, this will be called once for
 298 each particular sequence of keys, the first time the user types that
 299 particular sequence of keys, and the result will be cached by Quail."
 300   (let* ((input-string (substring input-string 0 (or length)))
 301          (underscore-map (copy-tree (quail-lookup-key "_")))
 302          (split-input (split-string input-string "_"))
 303          (pre-underscore (car split-input))
 304          (pre-underscore-map (quail-lookup-key pre-underscore))
 305          (x-sampa-submap-entry
 306           (assoc (format "%s<" input-string) ipa-x-sampa-implosive-submap))
 307          underscore-map-entry)
 308     (if (and (consp pre-underscore-map) (car pre-underscore-map))
 309         (setq pre-underscore-map (car pre-underscore-map))
 310       (setq pre-underscore-map pre-underscore))
 311     (unless (stringp pre-underscore-map)
 312       (setq pre-underscore-map (string pre-underscore-map)))
 313     (dolist (underscoring underscore-map)
 314       (cond ((null underscoring))
 315             ((eq (length underscoring) 2)
 316              (setq underscore-map-entry (second underscoring))
 317              (setcdr underscoring (ipa-x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry
 318                                    pre-underscore-map underscore-map-entry)))
 319             ((eq (length underscoring) 3)
 320              (setq underscore-map-entry (second (third underscoring)))
 321              (setcdr (third underscoring)
 322                      (ipa-x-sampa-prepend-to-keymap-entry
 323                       pre-underscore-map underscore-map-entry)))
 324             (t
 325              (assert (null t) t
 326                      "Can't handle subtrees of this level right now."))))
 327     (append underscore-map (list (list ?< (second x-sampa-submap-entry))))))
 328
 329 (quail-define-package
 330  "ipa-x-sampa" "IPA" "IPA-X" t
 331  "The International Phonetic Alphabet, using J.C. Wells' X-SAMPA.
 332
 333 X-SAMPA is an ASCII transliteration of the IPA, normally used for data
 334 exchange in environments where Unicode is not available.  This input method
 335 uses this transliteration to allow you to produce the IPA in your editor
 336 with a keyboard that's limited to ASCII.
 337
 338 See http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/ipasam-x.pdf for a full definition
 339 of the mapping. A caveat with regard to that document; while XEmacs
 340 currently preserves Unicode diacritics on reading and emitting them, it
 341 displays them, incorrectly, as separate from the modified glyphs." nil t t)
 342
 343 (quail-define-rules
 344  ;; Table taken from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-SAMPA, checked with
 345  ;; http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/ipasam-x.pdf
 346
 347  ("d`" "ɖ")    ;; Voiced retroflex plosive             U+0256
 348
 349  ;; In the Wikipedia article, they list ASCII g as mapping to U+0261, LATIN
 350  ;; SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G. The typeset g is equally acceptable as the voiced
 351  ;; velar plosive, however, and we don't override the identity mapping here.
 352
 353  ("h\\" "ɦ")   ;; Voiced glottal fricative             U+0266
 354  ("j\\" "ʝ")   ;; Voiced palatal fricative             U+029D
 355  ("l`" "ɭ")    ;; Retroflex lateral approximant        U+026D
 356  ("l\\" "ɺ")   ;; Alveolar lateral flap                U+027A
 357  ("n`" "ɳ")    ;; Retroflex nasal                      U+0273
 358  ("p\\" "ɸ")   ;; Voiceless bilabial fricative         U+0278
 359  ("r`" "ɽ")    ;; Retroflex flap                       U+027D
 360  ("r\\" "ɹ")   ;; Alveolar approximant                 U+0279
 361  ("r\\`" "ɻ")  ;; Retroflex approximant                U+027B
 362  ("s`" "ʂ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex fricative        U+0282
 363  ("s\\" "ɕ")   ;; Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative  U+0255
 364  ("t`" "ʈ")    ;; Voiceless retroflex plosive          U+0288
 365  ("v\\" "ʋ")   ;; Labiodental approximant              U+028B
 366  ("x\\" "ɧ")   ;; Voiceless palatal-velar fricative    U+0267
 367  ("z`" "ʐ")    ;; Voiced retroflex fricative           U+0290
 368  ("z\\" "ʑ")   ;; Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative     U+0291
 369  ("A" "ɑ")     ;; Open back unrounded vowel            U+0251
 370  ("B" "β")     ;; Voiced bilabial fricative            U+03B2
 371  ("B\\" "ʙ")   ;; Bilabial trill                       U+0299
 372  ("C" "ç")     ;; Voiceless palatal fricative          U+00E7
 373  ("D" "ð")     ;; Voiced dental fricative              U+00F0
 374  ("E" "ɛ")     ;; Open-mid front unrounded vowel       U+025B
 375  ("F" "ɱ")     ;; Labiodental nasal                    U+0271
 376  ("G" "ɣ")     ;; Voiced velar fricative               U+0263
 377  ("G\\" "ɢ")   ;; Voiced uvular plosive                U+0262
 378  ("H" "ɥ")     ;; Labial-palatal approximant           U+0265
 379  ("H\\" "ʜ")   ;; Voiceless epiglottal fricative       U+029C
 380  ("I" "ɪ")     ;; Near-close near-front unrounded vowel        U+026A
 381  ("I\\" "Ɨ")   ;; Central lax close unrounded vowel    U+0197
 382  ("J" "ɲ")     ;; Palatal nasal                        U+0272
 383  ("J\\" "ɟ")   ;; Voiceless palatal plosive            U+025F
 384  ("K" "ɬ")     ;; Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative U+026C
 385  ("K\\" "ɮ")   ;; Voiced alveolar lateral fricative    U+026E
 386  ("L" "ʎ")     ;; Palatal lateral approximant          U+028E
 387  ("L\\" "ʟ")   ;; Velar lateral approximant            U+029F
 388  ("M" "ɯ")     ;; Close back unrounded vowel           U+026F
 389  ("M\\" "ɰ")   ;; Velar approximant                    U+0270
 390  ("N" "ŋ")     ;; Velar nasal                          U+014B
 391  ("N\\" "ɴ")   ;; Uvular nasal                         U+0274
 392  ("O" "ɔ")     ;; Open-mid back rounded vowel          U+0254
 393  ("O\\" "ʘ")   ;; Bilabial click                       U+0298
 394  ("P" "ʋ")     ;; Labiodental approximant              U+028B
 395  ("Q" "ɒ")     ;; Open back rounded vowel              U+0252
 396  ("R" "ʁ")     ;; Voiced uvular fricative              U+0281
 397  ("R\\" "ʀ")   ;; Uvular trill                         U+0280
 398  ("S" "ʃ")     ;; Voiceless postalveolar fricative     U+0283
 399  ("T" "θ")     ;; Voiceless dental fricative           U+03B8
 400  ("U" "ʊ")     ;; Near-close near-back rounded vowel   U+028A
 401  ("U\\" ["ʊ̵"])       ;; Central lax close rounded vowel, U+028A U+0335
 402  ("V" "ʌ")     ;; Open-mid back unrounded vowel        U+028C
 403  ("W" "ʍ")     ;; Voiceless labial-velar fricative     U+028D
 404  ("X" "χ")     ;; Voiceless uvular fricative           U+03C7
 405  ("X\\" "ħ")   ;; Voiceless pharyngeal fricative       U+0127
 406  ("Y" "ʏ")     ;; Near-close near-front rounded vowel  U+028F
 407  ("Z" "ʒ")     ;; Voiced postalveolar fricative        U+0292
 408
 409  ("\"" "ˈ")    ;; Primary stress                       U+02C8
 410  ("%" "ˌ")     ;; Secondary stress                     U+02CC
 411  (":" "ː")     ;; Long                                 U+02D0
 412  (":\\" "ˑ")   ;; Half-long                            U+02D1
 413  ("@" "ə")     ;; Schwa                                U+0259
 414  ("@\\" "ɘ")   ;; Close-mid central unrounded vowel    U+0258
 415  ("@`" "ɚ")    ;; Rhotacised schwa                     U+025A
 416  ("{" "æ")     ;; Near-open front unrounded vowel      U+00E6
 417  ("}" "ʉ")     ;; Close central rounded vowel          U+0289
 418  ("1" "ɨ")     ;; Close central unrounded vowel        U+0268
 419  ("2" "ø")     ;; Close-mid front rounded vowel        U+00F8
 420  ("3" "ɜ")     ;; Open-mid central unrounded vowel     U+025C
 421  ("3\\" "ɞ")   ;; Open-mid central rounded vowel       U+025E
 422  ("4" "ɾ")     ;; Alveolar flap                        U+027E
 423  ("5" "ɫ")     ;; Velarised alveolar lateral approximant       U+026B
 424  ("6" "ɐ")     ;; Near-open central vowel              U+0250
 425  ("7" "ɤ")     ;; Close-mid back unrounded vowel       U+0264
 426  ("8" "ɵ")     ;; Close-mid central rounded vowel      U+0275
 427  ("9" "œ")     ;; Open-mid front rounded vowel         U+0153
 428  ("&" "ɶ")     ;; Open front rounded vowel             U+0276
 429  ("?" "ʔ")     ;; Glottal stop                         U+0294
 430  ("?\\" "ʕ")   ;; Voiced pharyngeal fricative          U+0295
 431  ;; The undefined escape character, ignored.
 432  ;; Indeterminacy in French vowels, ignored.
 433  ;; Begin nonsegmental notation, ignored.
 434  ("<\\" "ʢ")   ;; Voiced epiglottal fricative          U+02A2
 435  ;; End nonsegmental notation, ignored.
 436  (">\\" "ʡ")   ;; Epiglottal plosive                   U+02A1
 437  ("^" "↑")    ;; Upstep                               U+2191
 438  ("!" "↓")    ;; Downstep                             U+2193
 439  ("!\\" "ǃ")   ;; Postalveolal click                   U+01C3
 440  ("\\" "ǀ")    ;; Dental click                         U+01C0
 441  ("\\|\\" "ǁ") ;; Lateral alveolar click               U+01C1
 442  ("=\\" "ǂ")   ;; Palatal click                        U+01C2
 443  ("-\\" "̮")   ;; Linking mark                         U+032E
 444
 445  ;; Diacritics. Note that XEmacs doesn't yet have composed characters, so we
 446  ;; can input them, but they won't display properly. If you send email using
 447  ;; them, and the recipient's client is capable, they will get through,
 448  ;; though.
 449
 450  ("_\"" "̈")   ;; Centralised                          U+0308
 451  ("_+" "̟")    ;; Advanced                             U+031F
 452  ("_-" "̠")    ;; Retracted                            U+0320
 453  ("_/" "ˇ")    ;; Rising tone                          U+02C7
 454  ("_0" "̥")    ;; Voiceless                            U+0325
 455  ("_=" "̩")    ;; Syllabic                             U+0329
 456  ("=" "̩")     ;; Syllabic                             U+0329
 457  ("_>" "ʼ")    ;; Ejective                             U+02BC
 458  ("_?\\" "ˤ")  ;; Pharyngealised                       U+02E4
 459  ("_\\" "ˆ")   ;; Falling Tone                         U+02C6
 460  ("_^" "̯")    ;; Non-syllabic                         U+032F
 461  ("_}" "̚")    ;; No audible release                   U+031A
 462  ;; ` is alternatively; retroflexion in consonants
 463  ("`" "˞")     ;; Rhotacization in vowels              U+02DE
 464  ("_~" "̃")    ;; Nasalisation                         U+0303
 465  ("~" "̃")     ;; Nasalisation                         U+0303
 466  ("_A" "̘")    ;; Advanced tongue root                 U+0318
 467  ("_a" "̺")    ;; Apical                               U+033A
 468  ("_B" "̏")    ;; Extra low tone                       U+030F
 469  ;; _B_L omitted, no Unicode code point for "low rising tone."
 470  ("_c" "̜")    ;; Less rounded                         U+031C
 471  ("_d" "̪")    ;; Dental                               U+032A
 472  ("_e" "̴")    ;; Velarised or pharyngeal              U+0334
 473
 474  ("<F>" "↙")  ;; Global fall; SOUTH EAST ARROW; may be a bit smaller than
 475                 ;; intended.
 476  ("_F" "̂")    ;; Falling tone                         U+0302
 477  ("_G" "ˠ")    ;; Velarised                            U+02E0
 478  ("_H" "́")    ;; High tone                            U+0301
 479  ;; "_H_T omitted, no Unicode code point for "high rising tone"
 480  ("_h" "ʰ")    ;; Aspirated                            U+02B0
 481  ("_j" "ʲ")    ;; Palatalised                          U+02B2
 482  ("'" "ʲ")     ;; Palatalised                          U+02B2
 483  ("_k" "̰")    ;; Creaky voice                         U+0330
 484  ("_L" "̀")    ;; Low tone                             U+0300
 485  ("_l" "ˡ")    ;; Lateral release                      U+02E1
 486  ("_M" "̄")    ;; Mid tone                             U+0304
 487  ("_m" "̻")    ;; Laminal                              U+033B
 488  ("_N" "̼")    ;; Linguolabial                         U+033C
 489  ("_n" "ⁿ")   ;; Nasal release                        U+207F
 490  ("_O" "̹")    ;; More rounded                         U+0339
 491  ("_o" "̞")    ;; Lowered                              U+031E
 492  ("_q" "̙")    ;; Retracted tongue root                U+0319
 493  ("<R>" "↗")  ;; NORTH EAST ARROW; may be a bit smaller than intended.
 494  ("_R" "̌")     ;; Haček, caron, rising tone.         U+030C
 495  ;; _R_F omitted, apparently there's no corresponding Unicode entry.
 496  ("_r" "̝")    ;; Raised                               U+031D
 497  ("_T" "̋")    ;; Extra high tone                      U+030B
 498  ("_t" "̤")    ;; Breathy voice                        U+0324
 499  ("_v" "̬")    ;; Voiced                               U+032C
 500  ("_w" "ʷ")    ;; Labialised                           U+02B7
 501  ("_X" "̆")    ;; Extra-short                          U+0306
 502  ("_x" "̽"))   ;; Mid-centralised                      U+033D
 503
 504 ;; Putting in place rules for the implosives like for the others above
 505 ;; breaks the "_<diacritic>" rules for b, d, g, G and J a little--you need
 506 ;; to interrupt Quail before typing the underscore if you want the
 507 ;; diacritic. To avoid this, handle the input specially with the function
 508 ;; ipa-x-sampa-underscore-implosive.
 509
 510 (dolist (implosive-x-sampa (mapcar 'car ipa-x-sampa-implosive-submap))
 511   (setq implosive-x-sampa (car (split-string implosive-x-sampa "_")))
 512   (quail-defrule (format "%s_" implosive-x-sampa)
 513                  'ipa-x-sampa-underscore-implosive))
 514
 515 ;; arch-tag: cf2614cc-ecce-4ef5-ba51-37faeed41691
 516 ;;; ipa.el ends here